专题04 冠词 （原卷版+解析版）

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定冠词与不定冠词的区别；
不定冠词a，an的区别；
零冠词的使用；
常见搭配中的冠词；
特指与泛指时冠词的使用。
知识点1 不定冠词a(n)
1. 用于泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。
The village where I was brn has grwn int a twn.
2. 用于第一次提到或出现的名词前，表泛指，不特别指明具体情况。
There is a cup n the desk, but the cup isn’t mine.
3. 用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。
I have three bks, and I want t buy a furth ne.
4. 用于形容词的比较级前，表示“一个更……的”。
If we sit near the frnt f the bus, we’ll have a better view.
5. 用于姓名、星期名称前，表示“某个名叫……的人，一个跟某人相仿的人，某人的作品、发明”或“某个星期几”。
Experts think that the recently discvered painting may be a Picass. 专家们认为这幅新发现的油画或许是毕加索的画作。
6. 用于表示价格、速度、比率等的名词前表示“每一”。
He wrks eight hurs a day.
7. 用于物质名词或抽象名词具体化时。
这类名词仅表示概念时，是不可数名词，前面不加冠词。但如果表示具体的人或事，特别是前面有形容词修饰时，就变成了可数名词，前面要加不定冠词。具有此用法的名词有：success, failure, surprise, pleasure, beauty, pity, danger, cmfrt, hnur等。
surprise惊奇 → a surprise 一件意想不到/令人惊奇的事
failure失败 → a failure 一个失败的人；一件失败的事
success成功 → a success 一个成功的人；一件成功的事
rain雨 → a heavy rain 一场大雨
注意：常考的不可数名词有：baggage, luggage, furniture, health, weather, fun, space(太空), advice, wrd(消息), prgress, infrmatin, news, equipment, wealth等。这些不可数名词一般不与不定冠词连用。
知识点2 定冠词the
表示某一类人或物
The hrse is a useful animal.
用于世上独一无二的事物名词前
the universe,the mn,the Pacific Ocean
表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事
Wuld yu mind pening the dr?
用于乐器前面
play the vilin,play the guitar
用于形容词和分词前表示一类人
the rich,the living,the wunded
表示“一家人”或“夫妇”
the Greens,the Wangs
用于序数词或形容词、副词比较级、最高级前
He is the taller f the tw children.
用于国家、党派等以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛的名词前
the United States,the Cmmunist Party f China,the West Lake
用于表示发明物的单数名词前
The cmpass was invented in China.
在逢十的复数数词之前,指世纪的某个年代
in the 1990s
用于表示单位的名词前
I hired the car by the hur.
用于方位名词、身体部位名词以及表示时间的词组前
He patted me n the shulder.
知识点3 零冠词
1. 不含普通名词的专有名词或表示泛指的抽象名词、物质名词、复数名词或不可数名词前通常不加冠词。
Rck climbing is f great fun. Yu will get clse t nature and take adventures at the same time.
2. 表示季节、月份、星期、节日、学科、语言、球类、棋类以及三餐等的名词前，常用零冠词。
He had nthing fr breakfast this mrning.
Spring cmes after winter.
3. 表示独一无二的职位、职务、头衔的名词在句中作表语、补足语、同位语时，其前通常不加冠词。
We made him mnitr f ur class.
4. 在“单数可数名词＋as/thugh”引导的让步状语从句中，单数可数名词前不加冠词。
Gd chice as/thugh it may be, he has decided t give it up.
5. turn意为“变为，成为”时，后面作表语的单数可数名词前不用冠词。但是becme意为“变为，成为”时，后面作表语的单数名词前加不定冠词。
His dream is t turn lawyer while his sister’s is t becme a dancer.
6. 名词前已有this, that, my, yur, sme, each, n, any等指示代词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格时，其前不加冠词。
I want that bk abut cars.
知识点4 固定搭配
1：all f a sudden突然;as a matter f fact事实上;nce a week每周一次;at a lss不知所措,茫然;be n a visit参观,拜访;be/g n a diet节食;give sb.a lift让某人搭便车;have a gift fr...在……方面有天赋;have a gd time玩得开心;have a wrd with...与……谈话;in a hurry匆忙地;in a way从某种意义上说;make a living谋生;take a walk散步;take an interest in...对……感兴趣;take/have a rest休息一会儿;a cuple f两三个; a bit一点; nce upn a time从前;many a time许多次
2：at the mment此刻,目前;at the same time同时;by the way顺便说一下;n the spt当场;make the best/mst f...充分利用……;in the distance在远处;in the end最终;in the habit f有……的习惯;the ther day前几天;n the ne hand...,n the ther hand...一方面……,另一方面……;t the pint中肯,切题
3：in fact事实上;fr example例如;in danger在危险中;with pleasure高兴地;in time及时;in fear恐惧地;at wrk在上班;at dinner在吃饭;after schl放学后;at first起初;at last最终;by hand手工做的;pay attentin t注意;set fire t放火;take pride in以……为豪;take care f照顾;take ffice就职;take part in参加;in twn在城里; mind牢记;in truble处在麻烦中;n ft步行;leave wrd留言;n time按时;catch sight f看见;d harm t对……有害;lse weight减肥
Part 2：高考真题精选
1.（2022新高考I卷） Cvering an area abut three times __________ size f Yellwstne Natinal Park, the GPNP will be ne f the first natinal parks in the cuntry.
2．（2022全国甲卷）____________ friend f his, Wu Fan, vlunteered t be his cmpanin during the trip.
3.（2022年浙江 1月真题）Cbb, fr her party, started t ask cnference rganizers wh invited her t speak if she culd d s remtely; abut three-quarters f ___________ time, they agreed.
4.（2022新高考二卷） ___37___ Brwn family live in an apartment building utside Trnt.
5.（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）While yu're in China, Munt Huangshan is 10 must t visit!
6.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）It tk us abut 3 hurs t g all 8 way arund the Xi'an City Wall.
7.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）Due t 5 grwing ppularity f envirnmentally-related and adventure travel, varius types f trips are nw being classified as ecturism. Actually, a true ec-friendly trip must meet the fllwing principles:
8.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空） 9 Linclns enlarged the huse t a full tw stries in 1856 t meet the needs f their grwing family.
9.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Of ___69___ nineteen recgnized plar bear subppulatins, three are declining, six are (be) stable, ne is increasing, and nine lack enugh data.
10【2019·新课标I卷·短文改错】Suddenly ftball feel just in frnt f me but almst hit me.
11.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】Everybdy wears___57___ same style f clthes.

12. 【2018·新课标卷I·短文改错】During my last winter hliday, I went t cuntryside with my father t visit my grandparents.
13. 【2018·新课标卷II·语法填空】Crn prductin has jumped nearly 125 percent ver ___62___ past 25 years, while rice has increased nly 7 percent.
14. 【2018·新课标卷III·语法填空】Unexpectedly, I'm face-t-face with the grilla, wh begins screaming at ____62____ tp f her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pund male appears.
15. 【2017·新课标卷I·语法填空】As 65 result, peple will eat mre fd t try t make up fr that smething missing.
16. 【2017·新课标卷II ·语法填空】This included digging up the rad, laying (lay) the track and then building a strng rf ver 64 tp.
17.【2016·浙江】2.______prize fr the winner f the cmpetitin is ______tw-week hliday in Paris.
A. The ; 不填 B. A ; 不填 C. A ; the D. The ; a