专题4. 阅读理解词义猜测题（讲义）（原卷版+解析版+课件）

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1. 明确命题规律和提问方式2. 掌握不同题型的解题方法3. 熟练代词的含义
词义猜测题是高考阅读理解试题中的必考题型, 可以是对一个单词意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子的推断，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，可以考查替代词的内容。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语大多超出考纲的范围，需要根据语境进行推测其含义。 平时的训练中应当注意生词和短语的积累，还要掌握构词法，和一定的解题技巧。
1. 猜测生词或熟词生义。2. 猜测短语的意义。3. 猜测代替词所替代的内容。4. 猜测句意。
The phrase“...” in the sentence culd be replaced by“ ”.The wrd “...”in the paragraph refer t“ ”.What is the meaning f the underlined wrd in the.. paragraph?Which f the fllwing is the clsest in meaning t the phrase“...”?The wrd“...” mst nearly means“ ”.The underlined sentence in the... paragraph implies that .
1. 定位文中画线处上下文。2. 理解上下文，查找提示点，根据背景、上下文等线索推测生词词义。
1.根据定义推测词义：
有时作者会通过给词汇下定义来帮助读者理解该词的基本含义，如线索词that is, r, namely, in ther wrds, that is t say, t be mre exact, t put it anther way, which is等。
知识点 一 　猜测划线单词或短语的含义
2.根据举例推测词义：
有时，划线部分后会根由一些具体的例子，这些例子可以帮助考试理解该词的词义。线索词such as, , fr example, fr instance, like , including, especially等。
3. 根据对比关系或转折关系推测词义：
表达对比或转折关系的词需注意but, yet, hwever, while, unlike, instead, similarly, n the cntrary, in cntrast t等。
4.根据同义词或并列结构推测词义：
在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调和重复，会使用意思相同或相近的词，此时，只要知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另一个词的意思。
5. 根据构词法推测词义：
英语中的很多词汇，尤其是不断出现的新词大多是通过构词法生成的，因此，掌握主要的构词法有助于猜测词义。
6. 根据因果关系推测词义：
因果关系时一种常见的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系。根据线索词as, since, because, fr , s, thus, cnsequently, therefre, hence, due t, result in, result frm, as a result, fr this reasn, accrdingly, , 等可知上下句存在因果，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。
真题典例 （2023年新高考I卷C篇）
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value. What des the underlined wrd “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?A. Clear-up.B. Add-n.C. Check-in.D. Take-ver.
【答案】A 【解析】 词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value. (这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。
定关键：返回原文，找到指代词，理清句子结构。找替代：根据上下文，寻找复合逻辑关系的名词、代词、短语或句子等。再核对：比较选项，找出与符合逻辑的选项。 一般来说，it/this/that指代一件事； it/he/them/they/ne/thse指代上文提到的人或事。
知识点 二 　猜测代词指代含义
真题典例 （2020年新高考I卷C篇）
A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea. His visit, hwever, ended up invlving a lt mre than that. Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea: Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia, which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan, where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea. It is the stry f an American travelling t a strange land, and f the peple he meets n his way: Rustam, his translatr, a lvely 24­year­ld wh picked up his clrful English in Califrnia, Oleg and Natasha, his hsts in Tashkent, and a string f freign aid wrkers.
知识点二 　猜测代词指代含义
29．What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refer t?A．Develping a serius mental disease.B．Taking a guided tur in Central Asia.C．Wrking as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan.D．Writing an article abut the Aral Sea.
【答案】D【解析】指代判断题。上文提到了Bissell(比塞尔)写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章，然后画线词所在句提到他的访问最终涉及的事远不止这个，因而才有了Chasing the Sea: Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia这本书。由此可知，画线词that指的是“写有关咸海的文章”。故选D。
一定位：定位划线句，利用语法和逻辑关系准确分析原卷二分析：分析理解划线句前后语境，合理推断句意三归纳：归纳总结，找出与原句意思完全吻合的选项
知识点 三 　猜测划线句子含义
真题典例 （2021年全国甲卷C篇）
Suthbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center f British skatebarding, where the cntinuus crashing f skatebards left yur head ringing. I lved it. I sn made friends with the lcal skaters. We spke ur wn language. And my favrite: Safe. Safe meant cl. It meant hell. It meant dn't wrry abut it. Once, when trying a certain trick n the beam (横杆), I fell nt the stnes, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Tby came ver, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their bards lud, shuting: “Safe! Safe! Safe！” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater.
知识点三 　猜测划线句子含义
9．What d the underlined wrds “Safe! Safe! Safe！” prbably mean?A．Be careful! B．Well dne! C．N way! D．Dn't wrry! 【答案】B　【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater. (那才是真正重要的——滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家。)”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友大声欢呼。由此可推知，画线词指“落地技巧完美，干得漂亮”。故选B。
1.（2023届长郡中学 杭州二中 郑州外国语学校 三校联考试）Cst is anther issue that may discurage peple switching t electric pwer. But sme cuntries ffer incentive, such as cutting prices by reducing imprt taxes, and nt charging fr rad tax and parking. Sme als prvide exclusive lanes fr electric cars t be driven n, vertaking traditinal cars which might be stuck in jams. What des the underlined wrd “incentive” mean in paragraph 3?A. cmpensatin B．allwance C．encuragement D．Privilege
考向 1 猜测划线单词或短语的意思
【答案】C 【解析】词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“such as cutting prices by reducing imprt taxes, and nt charging fr rad tax and parking. Sme als prvide exclusive lanes fr electric cars t be driven n, vertaking traditinal cars which might be stuck in jams.”可知，有些国家通过降低进口税来降低价格，不收取道路税和停车费。有些还为电动汽车提供专用车道，以超越可能陷入拥堵的传统汽车，这些都是鼓励人们购买的措施。故画线词意思是“鼓励”。故选C。
1.（2023年湖北武汉校考练习）Cry’s shearwaters are lng-lived, rarely prducing yung successfully befre age nine. This leaves an pening fr learning and practice t develp their migratin patterns. Researchers call this the “explratin-refinement”, and until nw it has been hypthetical (假设的) because f difficulties in tracking migratry animals’ mvements.
考向 2 猜测代词指代的含义
What des the underlined wrd “this” in paragraph 3 refer t?A．The pening fr learning and practice.B．The unique living habit f Cry’s shearwaters.C．The way Cry’s shearwaters frm their migratin patterns.D．The prcess scientists track Cry’s shearwaters’ mvements.
【答案】C【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线部分上两句的内容(科里海鸥的寿命很长，很少能在九岁之前成功产下幼崽。这为学习和实践发展它们的迁移模式提供了机会)”和“Researchers call this the “explratin-refinement”(研究人员称之为“探索-精炼”)”可知，此处指研究人员称这种模式为“探索-精炼”，第三段中划线的this指代的是科里海鸥形成迁徙模式的方式。故选C项。
（2023年湖北武汉校考阶段练习）When I was yung, a friend and I came up with a “big” plan t make reading easy. The idea was t bil dwn great bks t a sentence each. “Mby-Dick” by American writer Herman Melville, fr instance, was reduced t: “A whale f a tale abut the ne that gt away.” As it turned ut, the jke was n us. Hw culd a single sentence cnvey the essence (精髓) f a masterpiece with ver five hundred pages?
考向 3 猜测划线句子的含义
What des the underlined part “the jke was n us” in Paragraph 1 mean?A．We were actually jking.B．We were laughed at by thers.C．We were underestimating’ urselves.D．We were just embarrassing urselves.
【答案】D【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线句子前两句(这个想法是将伟大的书籍简化为一个句子。例如，美国作家Herman Melville的《白鲸》就被简化为:“一个关于逃走的那个人的故事。”)”和划线句子下文“(一句话怎么能表达出一部五百多页的杰作的精髓呢？)”可知，作者和朋友想把一些伟大的书籍简化为一个句子，但是当他们把《白鲸》简化为：“一个关于逃走的那个人的故事。”时，他们发现用一句话是根本无法表达出一部五百多页杰作的精髓，他们简直是在自取其辱。故选D。
1.( 2023年全国甲卷B篇 ) Terri Bltnis a dab hand when it cmes t DIY (d-it-yurself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing tgether furniture, she never pays smene else t d a jb she can d herself.4．Which is clsest in meaning t “a dab hand” in paragraph 1?A．An artist. B．A winner.C．A specialist. D．A pineer.
1.( 2023年全国甲卷B篇 )【答案】C【解析】词句猜测题。根据文章第一段画线短语下文“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing tgether furniture, she never pays smene else t d a jb she can d herself. (她擅长摆架子和拼接家具，从不付钱给别人做她自己能做的工作)”可推知，此处指Terri Bltnis是一位DIY高手。C项“A specialist (一位专业人员)”最接近画线短语“a dab hand”的意思。故选C。
2.( 2019年浙江高考B篇 ) Mney with n strings attached. It's nt smething yu see every day. But at Unin Statin in Ls Angeles last mnth, a bard went up with dllar bills attached t it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What Yu Can, Take What Yu Need.”24．What des the expressin “Mney with n strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean?A．Mney spent withut hesitatin. B．Mney nt legally made.C．Mney ffered withut cnditins. D．Mney nt tied tgether.
【答案】C　【解析】句意猜测题。根据本段中的“Give What Yu Can, Take What Yu Need.(尽你所能，取你所需。)”可知，此处“Mney with n strings attached”的意思是“无条件地提供钱”。故选C。
3.( 2023年新高II卷C篇) In this “bk f bks,” artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. Adults are prtrayed (描绘) alne in many settings and pses —absrbed in a vlume, deep in thught r lst in a mment f leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments we can all relate t.
10. What d the underlined wrds “relate t” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Understand.B. Paint.C. Seize.D. Transfrm.【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据上文“artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”以及“These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments (这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻)”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，故与画线短语“relate t”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A。