高考英语语法专项突破课件：语法填空

这是一份高考英语语法专项突破课件：语法填空，共32页。

试题本着“突出语境、重在运用、符合表达、体现能力”的原则，强调语法知识在具体语境中的运用。提示词多为实词，主要考查动词、形容词或副词。无提示词处多考查虚词的用法，主要考查关联词、代词、冠词、名词等。
1．提示词多为实词。对动词的考查有三个方面：根据在句中的功能(句子成分)，写出与动词同源的名词、形容词或副词形式；根据句中或上下文的时间信息，写出动词恰当的时态和语态形式；根据句子的结构信息，写出动词恰当的非谓语形式。另外是形容词，对其考查方向有两个：根据在句中的功能(句子成分)，写出其副词形式；根据句子或上下文意思，写出其比较级形式。2．无提示词处多为虚词(功能词汇)。体现上下文逻辑关系的纽带词汇(各种连词、连接词、关联用词)是此类设空题的主要考查点。
1．短文题材：题材多样，或体现文化内涵、文化交往，或给人以启迪等。2．短文长度：约200词，设10个空，句首不设空。3．短文难度：没有超出课标的生词，但有课标单词的派生词，此题考查考生在特定语境中语法的分析和运用能力。
4．考点设置：纯空格题通常考冠词、介词、代词和连词等词；给词填空通常考谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级、词类转换等，答案可能是一个单词、两个单词或两个以上单词。5．常常会出现所填词位于句首，目的是考查该单词的第一个字母要大写。
一、纯空格题的解题技巧 首先，分析句子结构，确定填哪类词；然后，根据句子意思确定填什么词或根据两句间的逻辑关系，确定用什么样的关联词。具体有以下七种技巧：技巧一　缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词(代词考的更多)。
【典例】　I can send a message t Kenya whenever I want t，and ________ gets there in almst a secnd.解析　and连接前后两个句子，and后面的句子缺主语，应填名词或代词；结合前一个分句，不难推知，空格处应填it，代替前句的message。
【巩固练习】1． patiently walked t the library，tk my seat and did sme deep breathing t help relax ________.2．The little by pulled ________ right hand ut f the pcket and studied a number f cins in it.3．If yu give yur children that they can never d anything quite right，then they will regard ________ as unfit r unable persns.
4．Sme 134,000 Chinese students went t study abrad，and 12,000 f ________ were self­funded students.5．Firstly，we must understand the language when we hear ________ spken.答案　1.myself　2.his 　3.themselves　4.them　5.it
技巧二　名词前若没有限定词(冠词，形容词性物主代词， 不定代词等)，很可能要填限定词。【典例】　 head f the village was tying his hrse t my car t pull it t ________ small twn sme 20 kilmetres away where there was a garage.解析　因单数可数名词twn前还没有限定词，应填限定词，根据句意，填不定冠词a，表示“一个”。
【巩固练习】1． my md quickly changed when I saw ________ first questin.2． I went t the department bught her ________ expensive gift bx f Sichuan beef.3．Tm，________ 8­year­ld by，entered a htel cffee shp.4．He talked abut hw I wrestled with him in the evenings and ________ gd many ther things.5．Televisin is nt nly a cnvenient surce f entertainment，but als ________ cmparatively cheap ne.答案　1.the　2.an　3.an　4.a　5.a
技巧三　句中不缺主语、表语，动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面一定是填介词。【典例】　 shuld have the hnur f receiving me ________ a guest in their huse.解析　完全符合技巧三的情况，填介词无疑，根据句意可知，此介词的意思是“作为”，用介词as。
【巩固练习】　1．I was always tld that the three Ps，...，were a sure path ________ success.2．“Dn't be always particular ________ yur present wrk and incme.”3．It began t make sense t me that I culd include praise alng ________ cnstructive criticism.4．He shwed the public a limited editin fur­wheel drive car，which is especially made ________ his persnal taste.5．There is n easy way t success ________ language learning.答案　1.t　2.abut　3.with　4.t　5.in
技巧四　若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能填连词。【典例】　 paintings by tw wrld­famus artists，Pabl Picass ________ Candid Prtinarni，which are wrth millins f dllars.解析　空格之后两个名词之间没有连词，再根据句意，这里需要并列连词and。
【巩固练习】1． had n idea hw t d it.I tried t stay psitive and persevered ________ I finally fund the slutin.2． asked my classmates abut her interest ________ I made my final decisin.3．Tm，an 8­year­ld by，entered a htel cffee shp ______ sat at a table.4．It is difficult fr parents f nearly every family t teach their children t be respnsible fr husewrk，________ with ne f the fllwing suggestins，yu really can get yur children t help at hme.答案　1.until　2.and 　3.and　4.but
技巧五　若两句之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是 填并列连词或从属连词。【典例】　I wanted t see as much f the city as pssible in the tw days ________ I was t return t Guangzhu.解析　空格前后是两个句子，它们之间要填连词，根据两句之间的逻辑关系，可知“参观”在“回广州”之前，故填befre。
【巩固练习】1．She wuld pint ut ________ they had mastered and declared firmly they culd learn what they had missed.2．I almst started t yell his name ________ I suddenly remembered he was in bed asleep.3．________ children believe they can succeed，they will never becme ttally independent.4．Statistics shw that ________ China carried ut the pening­up plicy，a ttal f ne millin students have gne abrad fr study.5．Sme peple，hwever，maintain that this is precisely ________ the danger lies.答案　1.what　2.when　3.Unless　4.since　5.where
技巧六　若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文的时态不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(d，des，did等)。【典例】　What is acceptable in ne cuntry ________ be cnsidered extremely rude in anther.解析　符合技巧六的情况，再根据句意及语气，填may(表示“可能”)。
技巧七　由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。这些特殊句式有：强调句式、倒装句、it用作形式主语或形式宾语、句型和等。【典例1】　 ________ was nly after I heard she became sick that I learned she culdn't eat MSG(味精) !【典例2】　________ with hard wrk can yu expect t get a pay rise.【典例3】　Dating sites als make ________ easy t avid smene when yu are nt interested in.【典例4】　This made the gat s jealus ________ it began pltting the dnkey.
解析　典例1是强调句式，应填it；典例2是倒装句，根据句意应填Only；典例3考查t avid(真正宾语)的形式宾语it；典例4是句型，应填that。
二、给出动词填空的解题技巧技巧八　若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态和语态。【典例1】　He ________(pretend) that a tiger ty was real and gave it a vice.解析　此句没有谓语动词，pretend应是谓语动词，它与主语He是主动关系；再根据从句中谓语动词was可知，要用一般过去时，故填pretended。
【典例2】　In Lgan，three peple ________(take) t a hspital，while thers were treated at a lcal clinic.解析　因主语three peple与take是被动关系，故用被动语态；由were treated 可知，要用一般过去时，故填were taken。
【巩固练习】1．Ms Chen ________(teach) me English since Junir 1，and t shw my appreciatin I decided t get her a present.2．The exam，which was riginally t be held in ur classrm，________ (change) t the library at the last minute.3．I had t leave wrk t take him t the hspital because he ________ (break) his finger.4．An fficial frm the Ministry f Educatin said that China fllws an educatinal plicy that ________ (encurage) students t study abrad.5．One f them was a visitr，saying he wuldn't have been there if he ________(watch) the weather frecast the day befre.
答案　1.has taught/has been teaching/ had taught/ had been teaching　2.was changed　3.had brken　4.encurages 　5.had watched
技巧九　若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用­ing形式、­ed形式，还是用不定式形式。【典例1】　________(speak) ut yur inner feeling wn't make yu feel ashamed，n the cntrary...解析　此句已有谓语wn't make，所以speak要用非谓语动词：谓语之前应为主语，故填Speaking。
【典例2】　________(cmplete) the prject as planned，we'll have t wrk tw mre hurs a day.解析　因句中已有谓语 will have t wrk，所以cmplete是非谓语动词；根据句意，非谓语动词在这里作目的状语，用动词不定式T cmplete。
【典例3】　I gt n the bus and fund a seat near the back，and then I nticed a man ________(sit) at the frnt.解析　此句的谓语动词是三个并列的动词gt n，fund和nticed，表示接连发生的动作，所以sit要用非谓语动词；通过分析可知sit应是宾语补足语，它与宾语a man是主动关系，用sitting。
【典例4】　The headmaster went int the lab，________(fllw) by the freign guests.解析　此句的谓语动词went，所给动词与谓语不是并列关系，应用非谓语动词形式；the headmaster与fllw是被动关系，故填fllwed，作伴随状语。
【巩固练习】1．We must als cnsider the reactin f the persn ________(receive) the gift.2．With the prblem ________(slve)，I felt prud f my achievement.3．I then nticed that I had just 10 minutes left ________ (cmplete) the test.4．There，________(place) neatly beside the empty dish，were tw nickels and five pennies—her tip!5．Strms swept alng New Mexic's brder with Texas n Friday，________(destry) hmes and ther buildings and injuring...
答案　1.receiving　2.slved　3.t cmplete　4.placed　5.destrying
三、词类转换题的解题技巧 根据该词所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。例如：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。【典例1】　The yungster immediately fell________(silence) as tears flew dwn frm his big blue eyes.解析　因在系动词felt后作表语，用形容词，故填silent。