人教版高考英语语法：助动词与情态动词》练习

这是一份人教版高考英语语法：助动词与情态动词》练习，共7页。试卷主要包含了be，have，have t 的基本用法，ught t的基本用法，dare的基本用法，need的基本用法，shall的基本用法等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1、be (am, is, are, were, been)
(l)“be + -ing”构成进行时态；（2）“be + 过去分词”构成被动语态；（3）“be + 动词不定式”构成复合谓语：①表示按计划安排要发生的事。The prime minister is t visit Japan next year. 总理将于明年访问日本。② 用于命令。Yu're t d yur hmewrk befre yu watch TV.你得做完了作业才能看电视。
2、have (has, had)
(1)“have+过去分词”构成完成时态。如：Have yu seen the film ? (2)“have been + -ing”构成完成进行时态。如：What have yu been ding these days? 这些日子你一直在干什么?
3、d (des, did)
(1)“d nt + 动词原形”构成行为动词的否定式。如：His brther desn’t like playing basket.；(2)“D + 主语 + 动词原形”构成行为动词的一般疑问句。Des he g t schl by bike every day? (3)“d + 动词原形”用于祈使句或陈述句中表示加强语气。如：I did g t see him, but he wasn’t in我确实去看望他了，但他不在家。D d sme wrk. 请一定做点什么；(4)代替前面刚出现的动词以避免重复。My mther tld me t g t bed early. S I did.
4.will, shall (wuld, shuld)
“will (shall+动词原形”构成一般将来时，一般来说shall用于第一人称，will用于第二人称或第三人称，口语中常用will代替shll，如：We will have a meeting t discuss the prblem.
（二）情态动词
情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，可以表示“可能”、“可以”、“需要”、“必须”或“应当”等之意。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。但不能单独作谓语动词用，必须和不带t的不定式连用构成谓语动词。只有情态动词ught要和带t的动词不定式连用，在句中作谓语用。
将情态动词置于主语之前即构成其疑问式，在情态动词之后加nt既构成其否定式。现将各情态动词的基本用法分述如下：
1、can和culd (culd为can的过去式) 的基本用法
(1)表示能力，如：He can speak English better than yu. (2)在疑问句和否定句中表示“怀疑”、“猜测”或“可能性”，如：Can this green bike be Liu Dng's? (3)表示“许可”时can可以和may换用，如：Yu can (may) g hme nw. (4)如果要表示语气婉转，可用culd代替can，这时culd不再是can的过去式，如：Culd yu cme again tmrrw? (5)can和be able t都可表示能力，两者在意思上没有什么区别。但是can只能有现在式和过去式，而be able t则有更多的形式，如：He will be able t d the wrk better.
2、may和might (might为may的过去式)的基本用法
(1)表示允许或征询对方许可，有“可以”之意，如：Yu may use my dictinary. 在回答对方说“可以做某事”或“不可以做某事”时，一般多不用may或 may nt，以避免语气生硬或不容气。而用比较婉转的说法进行回答。如：---- May I use this dictinary? ---- Yes, please. 或 ---- Certainly. 在请求对方许可时，如果Might I…? 就比用May I…? 语气更婉转些，如：May I have a lk at yur new cmputer? 但是表示“阻止”或“禁止”对方做某事时，要用must nt代替may nt，如：---- May we swim in this lake? ---- N, yu mustn’t. It’s t dangerus. (2)may或 might都可以表示可能性，表示“或许”、“可能”之意，如果用might表示可能性，则语气更加不肯定，如：They may (might) be in the library nw .
3、must的基本用法
(1)must表示“必须”、“应该”之意，其否定式 must nt，缩写形式为 mustn't，表示“不应该”，“不准”、“不许可”或“禁止”之意，如：We must study hard and make prgress every day. Yu mustn't tuch the fire. (2)对以must提出的疑问句，如作否定回答时，要用needn't或用dn't (desn't) have t (不 必)来回答，而不用mustn't，因为mustn't表示的是“禁止”或“不许可”之意，如：---- Must we finish the wrk tmrrw? ---- N, yu needn't (dn't have t), but yu must finish it in three days. (3)在肯定句中must可以表示推测，表示“一定”或“必定”之意，如：---- Whse new bike can it be? ---- It must be Liu Dng's. I knw his father has just bught him a new ne.
4、can, culd, may, must后接完成式的用法
(1)can, culd后接完成式的用法：①在否定句或疑问句中表示对过去发生过的事情的“怀疑”或“不肯定”的态度，Culd he have said s? ②在肯定句中，可以表示过去可能做到而实际并没做到的事情，有“劝告”或“责备”的语气。如：---- When did yu answer her letter? ---- Only yesterday. ---- It's t late. Yu culd have answered it earlier, I am sure. (2)may, might后接完成式的用法 ①表示对过去某事的推测，认为某一件事情在过去可能发生了。如果使用might，语气就比较婉转或更加不肯定，如：Mary might have learned sme Chinese befre. ②可以表示过去本来可以做到而实 际没有做到的事情，有“劝告”或“责备”的语气，如：Yu didn't d the wrk well that day. Yu might have dne it better. (3)must后接完成式的用法：表示对过去某事的推测，认为某事在过去一定做到 了，如：Liu Dng isn’t in the classrm. He must have gne t the library.
5、have t 的基本用法：have t和must的意义相近，只是 must侧重表示说话人的主观看法，而have t 则表示客观需要，如：I must study hard. I had t give it up because f illness.
6、ught t的基本用法
(l)表示根据某种义务或必要“应当”做某事，语气比shuld强，例如：Everyne ught t bey the traffic regulatins. (2)表示推测，注意与must表示推测时的区别：He must be hme by nw .(断定他已到家)，He ught t be hme by nw .(不十分肯定)，This is where the il must be.(比较直率) ，This is where the il ught t be. (比较含蓄) ；(3)“ught + have+ 过去分词”表示过去应做某事而 实际未做。例如：Yu ught t have helped him. (but yu didn’t) 这时，ught与 shuld可以互相换用。注意，在美国英语中ught t 用于否定和疑问句时t可以省略。例如：Ought yu smke s much? Yu ughtn’t smke s much.
7、dare的基本用法
(l)dare (dared为其过去式) 作情态动词用时，主要用于否定句，疑问句和条件从句中，如：Dared he bread the traffic regulatins again? (2)在现代英语中dare常用作行为动词，其变化与一般行为动词相同，如：She dares t stay at hme alne at night.
8、need的基本用法
(1)need作情态动词用时，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，如：He needn't wrry abut us nw. (2)need也可作为行为动词用，可用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句中，其后可接名词、代词、动名词或带 t 的动词不定式为其宾语。如：Yu need t practise reading alud every day. (3)needn't后接完成式可以表示过去做了一件本来不必要做的事情，如：---- Did yu answer the letter yesterday? ---- Yes, I did. ---- But yu needn’t have answered it.
9、shall的基本用法
(1)shall用作情态动词时，用于第二、三人称，表示说活人的意愿，可表示“命令”、“警告”、“强制”、“威胁”或“允诺”等意，如：He shall g first, whether he wants t r nt. (2)在疑问句中，shall用于第一、三人称，表示说话人的征询对方意见或请求指示，如：Shall I pen the dr?
10、shuld的基本用法
(1)shuld作为情态动词可以表示“建议”或“劝告”，有“应该”之意，如：Yu shuld learn frm each ther. (2)shuld后接完成式表示过去没有做到本来应该做的事情，或是做了本来不应该做的事情。如：Yu shuld have give him mre help.
11、will的基本用法
(1)用于各人称，可以表示“意志”或“决心”，如：I have tld him again and again t stp smking, but he will nt listen. (2)在疑问句中用于第二人称，表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问对方的意愿，如：Will yu please tell me hw t get t the Capital Gymnasium? (3)will可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有“总是”或“会要”之意，如：Every mrning he will have a walk alng this river.
12、wuld的基本用法
(1)wuld作为will的过去式，可用于各人称，表示过去时间的“意志”或“决心”，如：He prmised he wuld never smke again. (2)在疑问句中，用于第二人称，表示说话人向对方提出请求或许问对方的意愿时，比用will的气更加婉转，如：Wuld yu like sme mre cffee? (3)在日常生活中，学用“I wuld like t…”表示“我想要”或“我愿意”之意，以使语气婉转，如：I wuld like t d Ex.2 first. (4)wuld可以表示过去的习惯动作，比used t正式，并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。如：Last year ur English teacher wuld smetimes tell us stries in English after class. / During the vacatin he wuld visit me every week. (5)表料想或猜想，如：It wuld be abut ten when he left hme./ What wuld she be ding there?/ I thught he wuld have tld yu abut it.
13、used t, had better, wuld rather的用法
(1)used t表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，在间接引语中，其形式可不变，例如：He tld us he used t play ft ball when he was yung. 在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中，可有两种形式。疑问句：Did yu use t/ Used yu t g t the same schl as yur brther? 否定句：I usedn’t t / didn’t use t g there. (usedn’t 也可写作usen’t)；否定疑问句：Usen’t yu t/ Didn’t yu use t be interested in the theatre? 强调句：I certainly used t/ did use t smke, but it was a lng time ag.；其反意疑问句或简略回答中，也有两种形式：She used t be very fat. didn’t she?/ use(d)n’t she? Did yu use t play chess? Yes, I did./ Used yu t get up early in the mrning? Yes, I did./ used t. (2)had better意为“最好”，后接不带t的不定式，例如：---- We had better g nw . ---- Yes, we had (we'd better/ we had better)./ Hadn’t we better stp nw? (Had we better nt stp nw?)/ I think I’d better be ging. (用于进行时态，表“最好立即”)/ Yu had better have dne that (用于完成时态，表未完成动作) 注：had better用于同辈或小辈，对长辈不可用。(3)wuld rather意为“宁愿”，表选择，后接不带t的不定式，例如：I’d rather nt say anything./ Wuld yu rather wrk n a farm?/ ---- Wuldn’t yu rather stay here? ---- N, I wuld nt. I’d rather g there. 由于wuld rather表选择，因 而后可接than，例如：I wuld rather wrk n a farm than in a factry. / I wuld rather watch TV than g t see the film/ I wuld rather lse a dzen cherry trees than that yu shuld tell me ne lie./ I’d rather yu didn’t talk abut this t anyne. (句中的 'd rather不是情态动词，wuld 在此是表愿望的实义动词)
1. If they _________ t d this wrk, he might d it sme ther way.
A. were B. shuld C. will D. can
2. I was tld yesterday that the cmpany _________ me t Rme next week fr a business cnference.
A. shuld have sent B. were ging t sendC. shuld be sending D. shuld send
3. Let's take a walk, ________? A. will we B. dn't we C. d we D. shall we
4. He was a gd swimmer s he _________ swim t the river bank when the bat sank.
A. culd B. might C. shuld D. was able t[来源:Z。xx。k.Cm]
5. I went t the dctr's yesterday, I had t wait fr half an hur befre he ________ see me.
A. can B. may C. might D. culd
6. ---- _________ this bk be yurs?---- N, it ________ nt be mine. It ________ be his.
A. Can, must, may B. May, might, mustC. Can, may, must D. Must, can, may
7. "We didn't see him at the lecture yesterday. " "He _________ it. "
A. mustn't attend B. can't have attended C. wuld have nt attended D. needed have attended
8. They _________ the plane, r perhaps they have been prevented frm cming fr sme reasn.
A. can have missed B. may have missedC. can have lst D. may have lst
9. Since the grund is white, it _________ last night.
A. had snwed B. must have snwedC. must be snwing D. must have been snwing
10. Yu must be fifty, ________?
A. mustn't yu B. needn't yu C. aren't yu D. mnyn't yu
11. Yu must have seen him ff yesterday, _________?
A. haven't yu B. didn't yuC. mustn't yu D. needn't yu
12. ---- That must be a mistake.---- N .it _________ be.
A. can't B. isn't able t C. can D. was able t
13. He had knwn the matter befre yu tld him, s yu _________ have tld it t him.
A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. shuldn't
14. Hw ________ s?
A. dare yu t say B. dare yu sayC. d yu dare say D. dare t say
15. Yu are their teacher. Yu _________ care f them.
A. shuld t take B. might t take C. ught t take D. need t take
16. She is studying medical science nw but she _________ a lawyer.
A. used t be B. wuld be C. were D. had been
17. If yu were in an English-speaking cuntry, yu, t, _________ English every day.
A. will be used t speak B. will be used t speaking
C. must be used t speakD. wuld be used t speaking
18. I did nt call t make my airline reservatin (预订) but I _________.
A. shuld have B, may have C. must have D. shall have
19. As a girl, she _________ get up at six every day.
A. wuld B. will C. might D. shuld
20. Dn't yu remember that we _________ t the cinema tnight?
A. wuld g B. g C. are ging D. will be gne
21. ---- Shall I tell Jhn abut it? ---- N, yu _________. I've tld him already.
A. needn't B. wuldn't C. mustn't D. shuldn't
22. "Wuld yu mind if I pen the windw?"“__________”.
A. I dn't like it B. Yes .pleaseC. N, please D. N. I'm srry
23. "Wuld yu tell me smething abut the affair?"“__________”.
A. Yes .please B. All right C. Nt at all D. I d
24. M:________?
T:I'd lve t, but I'm afraid I have n time."
M:0h, n. Yu'll surely cme ver.
T: It's very nice f yu. But I'm srry I have t g t a meeting.
A. D yu have lunch ut in a restaurant B. Shall I have yu with me at my birthday
C. Did yu g t see the film D. Have yu enjyed yurself at the party
25. "Yu ught t have cme here ten minutes ag?""Yes, I _________. "
A. ught t B. ught t haveC. ught D. have ught t
26. "Wuld yu like t g ut fr a walk?""Yes, ___________. "
A. I'd like t B. I'd likeC. I'll like t D. I wuld
27. ________ yu succeed !
A. Can B. May C. Must D. Will
28. Did he need ________ then?
A. leave B. t leave C. leaving D. left
29. D yu think if he dares _________ in public.
A. speak B. speakingC. t speak D. spken
30. He ________ eating American fd since he came here.
A. used t B. has been used C. has been used t D. was used t
31. A cmputer ________ think fr itself; it ________ be tld what t d.
A. may nt, must B. mustn't, mightC. shuldn't, culd D. can't, must
32. "________ yu mind my pening the windw?""Nt at all. "
A. Shall B. Shuld C. Will D. Wuld
33.1 didn't hear the phne. I _________ asleep.
A. must be B. must have beenC. shuld have been D. culd have been
34. Yu _________ me abut it earlier, but yu didn't.
A. shuld have tld B. wuld have tld C. must have tld D. shuld tell
35. The teacher tld the students that they ________ keep silent in class all the time.
A. ught t nt B. ught nt t C. ught nt t have D. can't
36. "May I g nw?" "N, yu ________. "
A. mustn't B. needn't C. mightn't D. wn't
37. Yu _________ d the exercise if yu dn't want t.
A. may nt B. can't C. mustn't D. needn't
38. Yu _________ pay mre attentin t yur spelling next time.
A. wuld B. shuld C. will D. shall
39. The girl _________ ut alne at night.
A. dare nt g B. dare nt t gC. dares nt g D. des nt dare g
40. There ________ be a lt f small huses n bth sides f the street.
A. used t B. get used tC. wuld D. did use t
语法复习十一：助动词与情态动词
1~5 ABDDD 6~10 CBBBC 11~15 BACBC 16~20 ADAAC 21~25 ACBBB
26~30 ABBCC 31~35 DDBAB 36~40 ADBAA

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