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    高中英语高考2018届高三英语二轮复习试题:专题二第七讲 助动词、情态动词和虚拟语气 练习 Word版含解析

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    这是一份高中英语高考2018届高三英语二轮复习试题:专题二第七讲 助动词、情态动词和虚拟语气 练习 Word版含解析,共11页。试卷主要包含了It is time ,taking 解析,a 解析等内容,欢迎下载使用。


     第七讲 助动词、情态动词和虚拟语气

     助动词

            顺口溜巧记助动词

     示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用

    1(2017·贵州适应性测试)What about Japanese? They dislike the lotus and ____________ not give it as a gift to Japanese because they regard it as the mourning flower.

    do 解析:考查时态和主谓一致。结合语境可知该句陈述的是一般常识应用一般现在时且主语为they故该空用助动词do

    2(2017·浙江卷)Without hesitation, I decided to follow them and we did had lots of fun that day.____________________

    hadhave 解析:did加强语气后跟动词原形。

    3She doesnt her homework in the morning but in the evening.____________________

    doesn’t后加do 解析:doesnt为一般现在时的否定式后加动词原形。

    4This experience has been shown that traveling by train actually is the safest way of making journeys.____________________

    去掉been 解析:showthis experience为主动关系故去掉助动词been

    5My father has always go to work by bike since then.____________________

    gogone 解析:由since then可知该句应用完成时go的过去分词为gone

     通关点击 ____________________________________________________原则这样解读

    1助动词do/does/did主要帮助构成疑问句、否定句及部分倒装。助动词do/does/did后只能跟动词原形助动词不能用作实义动词。

    2助动词be/being/been主要帮助构成进行时、完成进行时和各种被动语态。需注意be虽然没有实际意义但却是结构中不可缺少的。

    3助动词have/has/had主要是帮助构成完成时态和完成进行时态。需注意其构成形式have/has/had donehave/has/had been doing

    [助记]

    助动词用法怪;只当佐料不当菜。

    句型变换显身手;常与时态谈恋爱。

    have完成be进行will将来三大块。

    加上各自过去式总共构成六时态。

    否定疑问靠它们过去diddo现在。

    一般现在和过去没有助动也无碍。

    第三人单用does否定疑问照常变。

     情态动词

            基本含义要知晓

     示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用

    1(2017·北京卷)Samuel, the tallest boy in our  class, ____________ easily reach the books on the top shelf.

    can 解析:此处表示班里最高的男孩塞缪尔可以很容易地够到书架顶部的书应填can能够;可以

    2(2015·四川卷)You ____________ be careful with the camera.It costs!

    must 解析:考查情态动词的基本用法。句意:你千万要当心这个相机。它价格不菲!从后面It costs!可以推知说话者要求对相机千万要小心此处表示必须因此要用must

    3(2016·北京卷)I love the weekend, because I ____________ not get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.

    need 解析:句意:我喜欢周末因为在周六周日我不必早起。根据句意可知填need

    4(2017·安徽江淮十校联考)As the deadline is drawing near, no one ____________ leave with his own work uncompleted.

    shall 解析:句意:因为截止日期即将到来不完成工作任何人不许离开。shall用于第三人称陈述句中表示命令、警告符合句意。

    5(2015·全国卷)We must found ways to protect our environment.____________________

    foundfind 解析:情态动词must后接动词原形。

     通关点击 ____________________________________________________原则这样解读

    1情态动词的基本用法

    (1)can/could:表示能力、请求、可能性。相关的特殊句型有:can not...too.../enough再怎么……也不过分;can’t help but do不得不做……

    The smallest good habits can make a big difference.

    最小的好习惯会产生很大的作用。

    You can’t be too careful while driving.

    你开车时越小心越好。

    (2)may/might:表示较小的可能性。相关句型或搭配:may/might as well do表示还是……最好……”

    If you forgot to turn it off when you went away, you might burn down the house.

    当你离开时如果忘记关掉它你可能把整个房子都烧毁的。

    Since it is raining hard, you may as well stay here.

    既然雨下得这么大你倒不如待在这儿。

    (3)must表示非常肯定的推测;表示与说话人意愿相反或不耐烦等感情色彩意为偏要非要……不可;表示必须mustn’t意为禁止表示不必应用needn’t

    Men and women must be treated equally in education and employment.

    在教育和就业方面男性和女性必须被平等对待。

    He thought that Joe must be dead, but he didnt want to leave immediately.

    他以为乔一定死了但是他不想立刻就离开。

    Must you make so loud noise?

    你非得弄出这么大声吗?

    (4)shall的用法:用于第二、三人称的陈述句中表命令、警告、许诺或威胁等语气强于should用于第一、三人称的疑问句中表示征询意见肯定回答应用must定回答应用needn’tdon’t have to

    I promised he shall get a present for his birthday.

    我许诺给他一件生日礼物。

    Shall I tell Brett to come over straight after school tomorrow?

    要我告诉布雷特明天放学以后直接过来吗?

    (5)should/ought to

    表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等,意为应该

    (陕西卷)Why shouldn’t we buy the lady a flowerIt will make her feel better.

    为什么我们不给那位女士买一朵花呢?这会让她感觉好一些。

    should表示出乎意料的口气意为竟然;居然

    It is quite surprising that he should speak to you like that.

    他竟然那样对你说话,真是令人惊讶。

    shouldought to表示推测指预期的可能性意为应该估计

    He ought to/should be here on time—he started early enough. 

    他应该按时到这里了——他很早就出发了。

    2情态动词+have done的用法

    (1)must have done一定做过了某事表示对过去事情有把握的推测。

    (2)could/can have done本能做某事(而实际上未做)cant/couldnt have done(过去)不可能做过某事

    (3)may/might have done(过去)有可能做过某事

    (4)should/ought to have done本该做某事而没做

    (5)needn’t have done本不必做某事(而实际上做了)

    The boy might have known the truth, but I am not quite sure.

    那个男孩(当时)也许知道了真相但我不是很确定。

    (2016·浙江卷)George can’t have gone too far.His coffee is still warm. 乔治一定没走远他的咖啡仍旧热呢。

     虚拟语气

            虚拟语气对比记

     示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用

    1(2015·江苏卷)It might have saved me some trouble if I ____________(know) the schedule.

    had known 解析:句意:如果我早知道这个计划表可能会给我省去一些麻烦。根据语境和主句中的might have saved可推知此处表示对过去情况的虚拟if引导的条件状语从句中谓语动词用had done结构故填had known

    2(2016·北京卷)Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last weekIf you ____________(tell) meI could have helped.

    had told 解析:根据句意和相关信息判断条件句表示与过去事实相反的假设此时从句用过去完成时主句谓语用情态动词+have done形式。

    3(2016·浙江)____________(have) the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS­related deaths would not have fallen since their highest in 2005.

    Had 解析:这是一个省略了从属连词if的虚拟语气句使用了倒装句式。根据主句的would not have fallen可知这里是表示对过去的虚拟Had

    4(2015·四川卷)If you are me, would you talk to them____________________

    arewere 解析:根据句意可知此处为虚拟语气与现在事实相反be动词应用were

     通关点击 ____________________________________________________原则这样解读

    1虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的具体用法:

     

     

     

    情况

    从句谓语动词

    主句谓语动词

    与现在事实相反

    过去式(be的过去式形式用were)

    would/could/ should/might+动词原形

    与过去事实相反

    过去完成式

    would/could/ should/mighthave done

    与将来事实相反

    (1)were to do

    (2)should do

    (3)过去式

    would/could/ should/might+动词原形

    If my brother were hereeverything would be all right.

    要是我哥哥在这儿的话一切都没问题了。

    If it should rain this afternoon, the basketball match would be put off.

    要是今天下午下雨篮球比赛就会被推迟。

    John went to the hospital alone.

    ——约翰自己一个人去的医院。

    If he had told me about it, I would have gone with him.

    ——要是他告诉我我就陪他去了。

    if引导的虚拟条件句中条件句的谓语动词中含有had, were, should可以把if省略had, were, should提到句首变为倒装句。

    Had you(If you had) come earlier, you would have caught the early bus.

    如果你早点来就能赶上早班车了。

    Were I(If I were) twenty now, I would join the army.

    如果我现在20我就参军。 

    2虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的用法

    有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来而是隐含在某些词或短语中或隐含在上下文中被称为含蓄虚拟语气。常见的这类词或短语有:

    without         (要是)没有

    in case   万一;以防

    but for   要不是

    otherwise/or   否则

    We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call.

    要不是一个电话我们不可能在一起待一分钟。

            其他情况需注意

     示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用

    1(2017·湖北四地七校第一次联考)It is high time that you ____________(consider) that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little.

    considered/should consider 解析:在It is high time that...句式中从句用虚拟语气即:谓语动词用过去式或should+动词原形。

    2(2015·天津卷)I wish I ____________(be) at my sisters wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.

    had been 解析:wish引导的虚拟语气与过去事实相反用had done形式表达。

    3(2017·湖北华大联盟高三2月质检)I suggest that the school organizes a cooking­learning activity to teach students to prepare some delicious food.____________________

    organizesorganize 解析:句中动词suggest表建议其后跟从句时从句谓语动词用should+动词原形其中should可以省略。

    4Most citizens in Hong Kong strongly insisted that those who attacked the police with violence were put into prison.____________________

    werebe 解析:句意:大多数香港市民坚决要求那些用暴力袭击警察的人被关进监狱。insist坚持坚决要求讲时其后的宾语从句的谓语用(should)动词原形这里thoseput之间存在动宾关系所以用be put

    通关点击 ____________________________________________________原则这样解读

    1wish后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气表示一种不可能实现的愿望其谓语动词构成形式如下表:

    虚拟语气

    从句谓语动词

    与现在事实相反

    过去式(be动词一般用were)

    与过去事实相反

    had+过去分词

    与将来事实相反

    would/could/might+动词原形

    I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.

    我希望我是只小鸟能在天空自由飞翔。

    I wish (that) I had met that film star yesterday.

    我多希望昨天见到了那个影星。

    2在表示要求、建议、命令等的动词后的宾语从句中常用虚拟语气从句谓语动词用(should)动词原形。常见的此类动词有:

    一坚持:insist

    二命令:ordercommand

    四建议:suggestadviseproposerecommend

    五要求:requirerequestdemanddesireurge

    It is strongly recommended that the machines(should) be checked every year.

    强烈建议将这些机器每年检查一次。

    3would rather后的宾语从句中从句的谓语也常用虚拟语气其谓语动词构成形式如下表:

    虚拟语气

    从句谓语动词

    与现在事实相反

    过去式(be动词一般用were)

    与将来事实相反

    与过去事实相反

    had+过去分词

    I would rather they didn’t hear of the news.

    我宁愿他们没有听到这个消息。

    I would rather I hadn’t told him the bad news.

    我宁愿我没有告诉他那个坏消息。

    4It’s important/strange/natural/necessary...that...sb. (should) do...

    It is necessary that he (should) sort out the information for my reference.

    他有必要整理些信息供我参考。

    5当表示建议、提议、命令、要求等的名词作主语时其表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词用(should)动词原形。常见的这类名词有:

    advice 建议

    decision 决定

    demand 要求

    desire 渴望

    idea 想法

    order 命令

    proposal 提议

    request 要求

    recommendation 建议

    suggestion 建议

    We followed his advice that we (should) ask our teacher for help.

    我们接受了他的我们应该向老师求助的建议。

    6even if/though, as if/though等引导的让步状语从句、方式状语从句和目的状语从句中其谓语动词构成形式如下表

    引导词

    从句谓语动词

    even if/though

    if引导的条件从句结构相同

    as if/though

    发生在主句动作之前

    had done

    as if/though

    与主句动作同时发生

    过去时(bewere)

    发生在主句动作之后

    would/could/might/ should+动词原形

    She looks as if nothing had happened to her.

    她看起来好像什么事都没发生似的。

    7It is(high/about) time (that).. sb. did/should do sth...

    It is high time that you set/should set aside some time to think about your future.

    该到你留出一些时间思考未来生活了。

    ,[学生用书P33]    )

     单句语法填空

    1(2017·浙江宁波九校联考)So you ____________ pay attention to sleeplessness.

    must/should 解析:根据句意可知此处为给别人提出建议所以填must/should表示务必/应当

    2(2017·浙江温州普通高中8月模拟)I rewired the house and lowered the light switches so that Paul ____________ reach things.

    could 解析:根据so that可知此处表示结果意为这样保罗就能够够到了故填could

    3(2017·江西师大附中等五校联考)It has been accepted that all the students ____________ put on masks before going to school in case they are infected with flu virus.

    shall 解析:在第三人称作主语的陈述句中表示规定、制度应用shall

    4(2017·浙江杭州地区七校模拟)When you phoned me, I was having a meeting; how I wish I ____________(answer) your call.

    had answered 解析:句意:当你给我打电话的时候我正在开会。我多么希望我(之前)接了你的电话。wish后的从句中用虚拟语气根据句意可知是对过去情况的虚拟所以谓语动词用had done形式。

    5(2017·天津七校联考)I was ill that day, or I ____________(take) part in the sports meet.

    would have taken 解析:由句中or可知此处为含蓄条件句表示与过去事实相反的假设故用would have done结构。

    6I should not have laughed if I ____________(think) you were serious.

    had thought 解析:句意:如果我(当时)认为你是认真的我就不会笑了。主句中谓语动词使用should not have laughed表明与过去的事实相反从句谓语动词应该使用had done形式。

    7(2017·天津卷)My room is a mess, but I ____________ not clean it before I go out tonight.I can do it in the morning.

    need 解析:由后面的I can do it in the morning.可知此处表示没必要今晚打扫need not符合语意。

    8(2017·东北三校联考)The order came that the medical supplies ____________(send) to the earthquake­stricken area soon.

    (should) be sent 解析:表示建议、要求、命令等的名词suggestionorderrequestadvice等的表语从句、同位语从句中谓语动词用(should)动词原形。

     单句改错

    1(2017·南昌十校二模)As a resultI suggest we are given less homework and more time for out­of­classroom activities.Only in this way can we live a happy and healthy life.____________________

    arebe 解析:虚拟语气错误。suggest在此处表示建议因此后跟的宾语从句应用虚拟语气即从句谓语用shoulddo形式should可以省略。故此处应把are改为be

    2(2017·郑州第三次预测)He became very angry, but I dared not to tell him about the game.____________________

    删除to 解析:考查情态动词。dare既可以作情态动词又可以作实义动词。dare的过去式为dared此处其前没有用助动词说明dare在此用作情态动词故后跟动词原形。

    3(2016·全国卷)I should available any time after school next week.____________________

    should后加be 解析:助动词后如果跟形容词应该加be

    4(2016·江苏卷)Thereforerules should worked out and strictly observed.____________________

    should后加be 解析:句意:因此应该制定规则并严格遵守。ruleswork out之间是被动关系故应用被动语态。

    5(2017·四川成都五校联考)People neglect the fact that our parents are the dearest persons in the world, so we should nice to our parents.____________________

    should后加be 解析:情态动词后用动词原形nice为形容词因此其前缺少be动词故在should后加be

    6(2017·河北五个一名校联盟联考)There will a lecture in our library, at 400 on Wednesday afternoon.____________________

    will后加be 解析:情态动词后用动词原形a lecture为名词因此缺少be动词故在will后加be

    7(2017·河北邯郸联考)However, just several days later, I began to feel tired and cant concentrate in class.____________________

    can’tcouldn’t 解析:and连接两个并列的谓语根据began可知cant也应用过去式形式。故将cant改为couldnt

    8(2017·湖南衡阳八中二模)It is true that no one should live without money in modern society.________________

    shouldcan 解析:根据句意可知表示能够应用can

     语法填空

    (2017·河北石家庄一模)Chinese are the first people to have tea. One thousand and two hundred years ago, Lu Yu wrote a book called The Classic of Tea1.____________ is honored as “The Bible of Tea”. The book gives a detailed 2.____________(explain) of the origin, the processing skills and the classification of tea.

    However, Chinese tea culture goes far beyond tea 3.____________(it)Take green tea for instance, the ideal temperature of the water should be around 80 degrees Celsius.If the water is too hotnutrients(营养物) in the tea 4.____________(destroy)On the other handif the water is not hot enoughthe tea 5.____________(leaf) won’t open up and you will miss the pleasantly fresh flavor.So Chinese people are accustomed 6.____________ drinking hot tea.When you visit a Chinese friendyour friend will 7.____________(constant) add hot water to your emptying cup of tea.It is polite 8.____________(offer) the tea cup to guests with both hands.Of coursethe guests should pay respect as well 9.____________(take) over the cup with both hands.

    Talking about adding water to the tea cupthere is 10.____________ sayingwine fullfull cup.Tea halfhalf cup.For winefull cup symbolizes whole heartiness.For teahalfit means modesty.

    [解题导语] 本文是一篇说明文主要介绍了中国的茶文化。

    1which 解析:根据设空处前的逗号可知本题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为book将先行词代入定语从句后可知先行词在定语从句中作主语故填which

    2explanation 解析:设空处作宾语故设空处应填名词根据设空处前的不定冠词可知设空处填explanation

    3itself 解析:然而中国茶文化远远超出了茶本身。itselftea的同位语。

    4will be destroyed 解析:如果水温太高茶里的营养将会被破坏。条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来因此主句用一般将来时;nutrientsdestroy之间为被动关系故用被动语态因此填will be destroyed

    5leaves 解析:根据常识可知设空处需用名词复数形式故填leaves

    6to 解析:句意:因此中国人对饮热茶很习惯。be accustomed to为固定短语意为:习惯于。

    7constantly 解析:设空处作状语故填副词constantly

    8to offer 解析:it为形式主语设空处用不定式形式作真正的主语;It is polite后常用不定式作真正主语故填to offer

    9taking 解析:本题考查非谓语动词作状语。主语the gueststake为逻辑上的主动关系故用现在分词作状语。

    10a 解析:saying为可数名词在本句中表示泛指故填a

     

     

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