英语必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration同步测试题

这是一份英语必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration同步测试题，文件包含新教材精创42ReadingandThinking练习1原卷版docx、新教材精创42ReadingandThinking练习1解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共16页， 欢迎下载使用。
I.根据汉语意思拼写单词。
1.T many peple, technlgy means cmputers, hand­held devices, r ________ (交通工具) that travel t distant planets.
【答案】：vehicles
2．An apple falls dwn because f ________ (重力)．
【答案】：gravity
3．Each human being has t die, but ________ (人类) ges n wrld withut end.
【答案】：mankind
4．The astrnauts trained fr years in hw t use their ________ (宇宙飞船)．
【答案】：spacecrafts
5．Where have all thse bats gne in the ________ (码头)?
【答案】：dck
6．The Earth is nly ne f the numerus planets in the u________.
【答案】：universe
7．They put a weather satellite int the ________ arund the earth.
【答案】：rbit
8．Yu can bk at yur lcal travel a________.
【答案】：agency
9．Befre the traffic s________ turns t green light, please dn't crss the street.
【答案】：signal
10．The ceremny was t________ live by satellite t ver fifty cuntries.
【答案】：transmitted
【解析】本题考查单词在语境中的适当形式。
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Nepal has ________ (frntier) with bth India and China.
【答案】：frntiers
2．The ________ (datum) were cllected frm 69 cuntries.
【答案】：data
3．The six astrnauts ________ bard will spend ten days in space.
【答案】：n
4．After a shrt break, the match carried ________.
【答案】：n
5．My leg gt injured. I culdn't walk ________ (independent).
【答案】：independently
【解析】本题考查学生单句语法填空能力。
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．他们决意回到祖先的土地上。
They were ______________ g back t the land f their ancestrs.
【答案】：determined t
2．俗话说你必须三思而后行。
Yu have t lk ____________________， as the saying ges.
【答案】：befre yu leap
3．对你的拒绝我感到非常失望。
I was ______________ yur refusal.
【答案】：disappinted at
4．我非常渴望能够帮助和照顾他人。
I had a strng ____________________ and care fr peple.
【答案】：desire t help
5．我们来这个小镇，是希望过一种简单的生活。
We came t this small twn __________________ living a simple life.
【答案】：in the hpe f
【解析】本题考查学生对于短语在语境中的适当形式。
III.阅读理解。（每个2.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Find Yur Adventure at the Space and Aviatin (航空) Center
If yu're lking fr a unique adventure, the Space and Aviatin Center (SAC) is the place t be. The Center ffers prgrams designed t challenge and inspire with hands­n tasks and lts f fun.
Mre than 750,000 have graduated frm SAC, with many seeking emplyment in engineering, aviatin, educatin, medicine and a wide variety f ther prfessins. They cme t camp, wanting t knw what it is like t be an astrnaut r a pilt, and they leave with real­wrld applicatins fr what they're studying in the classrm.
Fr the trainees, the prgrams als ffer a great way t earn merit badges (荣誉徽章). At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Explratin badge as they build and fire mdel rckets, learn abut space tasks and try simulated (模拟) flying t space with the crew frm all ver the wrld. The Aviatin Challenge prgram gives trainees the chance t earn their Aviatin badge. They learn the principles f flight and test their perating skills in the cckpit (驾驶舱) f a variety f flight simulatrs. Trainees als get a gd start n their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn abut land and water survival thrugh designed tasks and their search and rescue f a “dwned” pilt.
With all the prgrams, teamwrk is key as trainees learn the imprtance f leadership and being part f a bigger task.
All this fun is available fr ages 9 t 18. Families can enjy the experience tgether, t, with Family Camp prgrams fr families with children as yung as 7.
Stay an hur r stay a week—there is smething here fr everyne!
Fr mre details, please visit us nline at www. ursac.cm.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人们可以在航空航天中心体验冒险的乐趣，还可以得到相关且专业的训练。
1．Why d peple cme t SAC?
A．T experience adventures.
B．T lk fr jbs in aviatin.
C．T get a degree in engineering.
D．T learn mre abut medicine.
【答案】：A 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知，人们来SAC是为了体验冒险。故选A。
2．T earn a Space Explratin badge, a trainee needs t ________.
A．fly t space
B．get an Aviatin badge first
C．study the principles f flight
D．build and fire mdel rckets
【答案】：D 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，为了获得太空探索荣誉徽章，学员们需要建造和发射火箭模型。故选D。
3．What is the mst imprtant fr trainees?
A．Leadership. B．Team spirit.
C．Task planning. D．Survival skills.
【答案】：B 细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，在所有的项目中，团队合作是关键，因为学员知道了领导力以及成为更大任务中的一分子的重要性。因此对于学员来说，最重要的是团队精神。故选B。
B
Making beer n the mn might seem like a pipe dream t many, but fr a grup f students frm the University f Califrnia at San Dieg, there is a chance t take their research beynd Earth's surface.
The Lab2Mn cmpetitin, held by TeamIndus, is ffering students the chance t secure a spt n the TeamIndus rcket this year.
Taking craft beer t the next level, the students want t test whether it's pssible fr yeast (酵母) t wrk and create beer n the mn. Hwever, they believe the experiment is nt just a creative cncept fr astrnauts, it's als imprtant fr the develpment f drugs and yeast­cntaining fds, like bread.
“The idea started ut with a few laughs amng a grup f friends，” said Neeki Ashari, a fifth­year biengineering student at UC San Dieg. “We all appreciate the craft f beer. When we heard that there was an pprtunity t design an experiment that wuld appear n India's mnlander, we thught we culd cmbine ur hbby with the cmpetitin by fcusing n the practicality (可行性) f yeast in uter space.”
The preparatin wrk fr the beer—up t the stage f adding yeast—will all be dne n Earth, and rather than separating the fermentatin (发酵) and carbnatin stages f making beer, the team plans t cmbine them.
This remves the need t release CO2 accumulated in the prcess, which may result in cleanliness and safety issues ut in space.
If selected, Team Original Gravity will be the first t make beer in uter space, and the fermentatin will take place in a vessel n bigger than a sda can.
All teams cmpeting fr the place will shwcase their ideas in Bangalre, India.
Sadly, yu wn't be enjying mn beer in yur lcal craft beer bar anytime sn, as n samples will be brught back. Hwever, this small experiment culd prvide imprtant data n just hw practical it is fr us t make and create ur wn resurces n ther planets and mns by learning hw cnsumables behave in different envirnments.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由TeamIndus举办的Lab2Mn比赛有望让来自加州大学圣地亚哥分校的一组学生们在月球上酿造啤酒的梦想得以实现。
4．Hw did the students feel when they gt the chance t design the experiment?
A．Excited. B．Nervus.
C．Cnfident. D．Casual.
【答案】：A 推理判断题。根据第一段可知，虽然在月球上酿造啤酒对于许多人来说是白日梦，但是对一群来自加州大学圣地亚哥分校的学生来说，他们有机会在地球以外开展他们的研究，又根据第四段中的“We all appreciate the craft f beer ... f yeast in uter space.”可推知，他们有做这个实验的机会时应是兴奋的，故A项正确。
5．What des the underlined wrd “This” in Paragraph 6 refer t?
A．The mixing f tw stages.
B．Adding yeast n Earth.
C．The preparatin wrk n Earth.
D．Fermentatin and carbnatin.
【答案】：A 指代判断题。根据第五段中的“rather than separating ... t cmbine them”可知，该实验小组在准备工作中计划把发酵过程和碳化过程结合起来；结合第六段可知，这种准备工作排除了在这个过程中释放累积的二氧化碳的需要，这种需要可能导致外太空的清洁和安全问题。据此可推知，This指代把发酵过程和碳化过程两个阶段结合起来，故A项正确。
6．What can we learn abut the experiment frm the passage?
A．It has been designed based n similar experiments.
B．It's quite cmpetitive cmpared with ther designs.
C．Its design has already been apprved by TeamIndus.
D．Its prcess was adapted t make it safer and greener.
【答案】：D 推理判断题。根据第六段可知，这种准备工作排除了在这个过程中释放累积的二氧化碳的需要，这种需要可能导致外太空的清洁和安全问题；根据第七段可知，发酵过程将在一个不比苏打罐大的容器中进行。据此可推知，该实验过程经过改造后，将更安全、环保，故D项正确。
7．What des the authr think f the students' idea?
A．It seems like a pipe dream.
B．It's extremely cmplicated.
C．It's meaningful and hpeful.
D．It's creative but impractical.
【答案】：C 推理判断题。根据最后一段末句“Hwever, this small experiment culd prvide imprtant data n just hw practical it is fr us t make and create ur wn resurces n ther planets and mns by learning hw cnsumables behave in different envirnments.”可知，通过了解消耗品在不同环境中的反应，这个小实验可以提供重要的数据，告诉我们在其他行星和月球上制造我们自己的资源的可行性。据此可推知，作者认为这项实验是有意义、有希望的，故C项正确。
C
Try this: Fr an entire day, frget abut the clck. Eat when yu're hungry and sleep when yu're tired. What d yu think will happen?
Yu may be surprised t find that yur day is much like mst ther days. Yu'll prbably get hungry when yu nrmally eat and tired when yu nrmally sleep. Even thugh yu dn't knw what time it is, yur bdy des. These patterns f daily life are called circadian rhythms (生理节奏), and they are mre than just habits. Inside ur bdies are several clcklike systems that fllw a rughly 24­hur cycle. Thrughut the day and night, ur inner clcks directly changes in temperature, bdy chemicals, hunger, sleepiness and mre.
Everyne's rhythms are different, which is why yu might like t stay up late while yur sister always wants t g t bed early. But n the whle, everyne is prgrammed t feel tired at night and energetic during the day. Learning abut ur bdy clcks may help scientists understand why prblems arise when we act ut f step with ur circadian rhythms. Fr example, traveling acrss time znes can make peple wake up in the middle f the night. Regularly staying up late can make kids d wrse in tests.
“There is a grwing sense that when we eat and when we sleep are imprtant parts f hw healthy we are，” says Steven Shea, directr f the Sleep Disrders Prgram at Brigham and Wmen's Hspital in Bstn.
One way t learn abut hw ur bdy clcks tick is t
mess them up and see what happens. That's what neurlgist (神经病学家) Frank Scheer and his wrkmates did in a recent study. Staying up night after night, their studies suggest, culd make kids extra hungry and mre likely t gain weight. And regularly sleeping t little, Scheer says, may be ne cause f the recent increase in childhd besity.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述长期形成的生理节奏会保持我们的正常生活，生物钟紊乱会影响我们的生活。
8．What will happen if yu frget abut the clck accrding t the passage?
A．Yu will feel upset.
B．Yu will behave nrmally.
C．Yur bdy will nt knw what time it is.
D．Yu will prbably get hungry mre easily.
【答案】：B 推理判断题。第二段中的第一、二句“Yu may be surprised t find that yur day is much like mst ther days. Yu'll prbably get hungry when yu nrmally eat and tired when yu nrmally sleep.”说明你可能会惊讶地发现，你的一天和大多数其他日子很相似。由此可知即使不知道时间，人们的作息也会和平时一样。故B项正确。
9．Mike feels energetic at 12 midnight while Tm feels sleepy. What advice wuld be given by the writer?
A．Bth shuld see a dctr.
B．Tm shuld see a dctr.
C．Bth shuld take it easy.
D．Mike shuld have a watch.
【答案】：C 推理判断题。第三段中的第一句“Everyne's rhythms are different, which is why yu might like t stay up late while yur sister always wants t g t bed early.”表明每个人的节奏都不一样，这就是为什么你可能喜欢熬夜，而你姐姐总是想早点睡觉。由此可知，Mike在半夜12点感到精力充沛，而Tm却昏昏欲睡。是生理节奏不同，不是身体有问题，所以不必在意。故C项正确。
10．Hw d Frank Scheer and his wrkmates study bdy clcks?
A．By seeing what happens when they are messed up.
B．By asking questins and cllecting answers.
C．By studying peple traveling acrss time znes.
D．By prgramming peple with man­made clcks.
【答案】：A 细节理解题。最后一段第一句“One way t learn abut hw ur bdy clcks tick is t mess them up and see what happens.”说明了解我们的生物钟是如何运转的一个方法是把它们弄乱，看看会发生什么。结合该段第二句可知Frank Scheer及其工作伙伴正是用这种方法做近期的研究的。故A项正确。
11．What will the writer mst prbably talk abut next?
A．Other examples f what peple will d when their bdy clcks g wrng.
B．Sme effective medicines that can keep peple frm putting n weight.
C．The imprtance f eating healthy fd.
D．What circadian rhythms are and hw they wrk.
【答案】：A 推理判断题。由最后一段最后两句可知，他们的研究表明，夜复一夜的熬夜会让孩子更加饥饿，更有可能发胖。Scheer说，经常睡眠太少可能是儿童肥胖最近增加的原因之一。承接上文生物钟紊乱所带来的不良影响，推断作者在下文还要继续列举生物钟紊乱的例子和不良影响。故A项正确。
D
Many years ag, peple relied n the sun, the mn and stars t find their way arund. Later, the cmpass was intrduced. And nw, we have satnav (卫星导航) systems t guide us. A satnav system uses grups f satellites t shw the user's lcatin. They send infrmatin t a receiver, such as a smartphne, t shw us where we are.
The earliest built satnav system is the Glbal Psitining Satellite System, which belngs t the US. Then there is Russia's Glbal Navigatin Satellite system, the Eurpean Unin's Galile and China's wn satellite navigatin system, Beidu.
On Octber 18, 2017, an ARJ21­700 plane, which was the first dmestically (国内地) prduced jet equipped with the Beidu navigatin system, successfully cmpleted a test flight. The results shwed the perfrmance f the system develped by China matches that f similar systems prduced abrad, accrding t the Cmmercial Aircraft Crpratin f China.
Since its intrductin in 2000, the Beidu navigatin system has been increasing numbers f applicatins linked t everyday life, frm shared bikes t farming.
When it cmes t shared bikes, smart lcks that supprt Beidu chips ffer mre accurate psitining than thers, making it easier t find a bike.
Farmers can use Beidu—enabled tractrs t plw (犁) the sil and use unmanned aircraft with Beidu t sw seeds, which can imprve efficiency and make better use f resurces. Beidu's farming applicatins have spread frm Heilngjiang Prvince t Beijing, Lianing, Shanxi, Hubei and ther regins acrss China.
With its many uses, the Beidu navigatin system is even playing a big rle in the Belt and Rad Initiative (一带一路). “T date, the Beidu system has cvered mst parts f the Asia­Pacific regin, as well as cuntries alng the Silk Rad Ecnmic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Rad，” said Yang Changfeng, chief designer f the Beidu system.
Tday, there are mre than 20 Beidu satellites abve ur heads, and China plans t launch even mre this year t expand the Beidu netwrk t better serve the Belt and Rad Initiative.
“As Beidu expands its verseas reach, it will be increasingly ppular in the lgistics (物流) industry，” said Mia Qianjun, Secretary General f the navigatin services assciatin. “Ships, fr example, can use it t psitin themselves while sailing acrss ceans t Eurpean cuntries, n lnger limited t Sutheast Asian regins in the near future.\”
篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了中国的卫星导航系统北斗在生活中的重要作用。
12．What is the purpse f the first tw paragraphs?
A．T cmpare sme mdern satnav systems.
B．T describe the benefits f satnav systems.
C．T tell us hw satnav systems were created.
D．T intrduce sme satnav systems and their functins.
【答案】：D 推理判断题。第一段最后两句“A satnav system ... where we are.”介绍了卫星导航系统的运用和作用；第二段介绍了几个国家的卫星导航系统，所以前两段的目的是介绍了几种卫星导航系统及其功能，故选D。
13．What can we knw abut the Beidu navigatin system accrding t the article?
A．It was used successfully in a new jet plane.
B．It is mre pwerful than ther satnav systems.
C．It was intrduced t China n Octber, 2017.
D．It wasn't used in ur everyday life until recently.
【答案】：A 细节理解题。由第三段第一句“On Octber 18, 2017 ... cmpleted a test flight.”(2017年10月18日，首架搭载北斗导航系统的国产喷气式飞机
ARJ21­700成功完成试飞。)故选A。
14．Accrding t the article, the Beidu navigatin system is already widely used fr ________.
A．plwing the sil and swing seeds
B．imprving the efficiency f netwrk
C．prducing mre smart lcks fr shared bikes
D．navigating ships acrss ceans t Eurpean cuntries
【答案】：A 细节理解题。由第六段第一句可知北斗导航系统可被应用于耕地和播种，由第六段第二句可知其已被广泛应用，故选A。
15．What is Mia Qianjun's attitude tward the future f the Beidu system?
A．Wrried. B．Casual.
C．Psitive. D．Dubtful.
【答案】：C 推理判断题。由最后一段中的“‘As Beidu expands its verseas reach, it will be increasingly ppular in the lgistics (物流) industry，’ said Mia Qianjun”(“随着北斗向海外扩张，它在物流业中将越来越受欢迎，”苗千军说。)可推断出Mia Qianjun对北斗系统的未来持积极态度，故选C。
V． 七选五
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Gardening 380 Kilmeters abve Earth
Astrnauts have t g thrugh physical, psychlgical, and technical training. They als g thrugh training in hw t care fr plants. These “astrnaut gardeners” share their wrk and living space with plants.
Taking seeds and plants alng n a trip isn't a new idea. As space trips becme lnger, it will be necessary t grw fd in space. __16__ Because f this, it's nt practical t send everything needed fr a lng jurney, nly t be used nce and thrwn away.
Plants can serve many uses n a space jurney. They can prvide mre fresh things. __17__ Als, plants can help t make air quality better because they prduce xygen. They can imprve the quality f the air inside the spacecraft—the nly air the astrnauts can breathe.
__18__ Due t the lack f gravity in space, the xygen that the plants prduce stays arund the plants. This can actually kill them, s fans are needed t circulate the air. Withut gravity, rts dn't “knw” t grw dwn, leaves dn't “knw” t grw up, and water desn't easily travel up the rts t the leaves. __19__ Besides, sil is t heavy t send t space, and special liquid gels (凝胶) are used t help plant grwth.
Scientists are als wrking n the plants themselves. They are trying t make plants grw mre rapidly and grw with less water and light in space, and they are lking fr ways t make plants mre resistant t disease. __20__ Imagine that deserts may ne day prvide lts f fresh fd fr lcal peple, saving transprtatin csts. Similarly, plants that are resistant t disease culd prvide an imprtant fd supply. With the wrld's ppulatin nw at abut 7.7 billin peple, ur astrnaut gardeners may help discver ways t feed thse billins.
A．Every plant grwn in space must have several uses.
B．Hwever, there are challenges with grwing plants in space.
C．Such methds may result in imprvements back here n Earth.
D．The cst f taking anything int space is abut $22,000 per kilgram.
E．Specialized cntainers are being develped t help the plants grw crrectly.
F．Astrnauts will welcme the additin f fruit and vegetables t their diet f dry fds.
G．Currently all xygen is taken abard in tanks.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了宇航员在太空种植物的原因和好处以及种植方法。
16．D 空后是说将所有所需东西带上太空是不切合实际的；据此可推知，空处应是介绍空后一句的原因。故D项“带任何东西到太空的花费大约是每千克22,000美元”符合语境。
17．F 根据空前一句可知，植物可以为宇航员提供新鲜的东西；根据空后一句可知，植物还可以改善太空站的空气质量，因为其可以产生氧气；据此可推知，空处应是介绍太空种植植物的好处，即宇航员也喜欢在他们的干粮中有新鲜的果蔬食物。故F项正确。
18．B 上文介绍了太空种植的好处，即为宇航员提供新鲜的果蔬、改善太空站的空气质量等；结合下文可知，种植太空果蔬有一定的困难；据此可知，空处承上启下，与上文形成转折关系。故B项正确。
19．E 根据上文可知，在失重的情况下，植物的根和叶不知道如何生长，水分也不容易从根部传到叶子上；而空后一句介绍了关于土壤的解决方法；据此可推知，空处应是介绍解决上述问题的方法。故E项“正在研制专门的容器去帮助植物正确地生长”符合语境。
20．C 根据空前一句可知，科学家们正在寻找各种让植物少使用水却能在太空快速生长，而且可以抵抗病害的方法；且下文又提到改良后的植物对地球的影响；据此可推知，空处应是说明这些方法可以在地球上运用以带来积极效果。故C项正确。