人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration课后练习题

这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration课后练习题，共9页。

阅读Reading 2 中的材料，选出最佳选项
1．Why are sme peple against space explratin accrding t the passage？Because they think ．
A．it cst t much time and mney
B．it might feed the wrld's pr
C．it may result in pllutin and fatal diseases
D．it fails t realise the imprtance f space explratin
2．Which f the fllwing is NOT the benefit f explring space?
A．Fighting against wrld hunger.
B．Helping farming t grw mre fd.
C．Changing the data n land and weather patterns.
D．Prmting technlgical imprvements arund the wrld.
3．What did the picture f Earth frm space make peple realise?
A．We are living n a island.
B．Our earth's resurces are limited.
C．We can find ways in the black sea.
D．Mars is the best planet t live n.
[答案] 1－3 ACB
Wrds And Phrases
知识要点1 lack n．缺乏；短缺 vt.没有；缺乏
(教材P42)Astrnauts' bnes and muscles can get very weak in space due t the lack f gravity，s they need t exercise every day，which will help them stay healthy.
在太空中由于缺乏引力，宇航员的骨骼和肌肉可能会变得很弱，因此他们需要每天进行锻炼，这有助于他们保持健康。
[例1] She shwed a lack f humur.她缺乏幽默感。
[例2] The crps all died fr lack f water.
庄稼因为缺水都死了。
[例3] He didn't g there because he lacked curage.
他没去那里，因为他缺乏勇气。
[造句] 他们缺乏身体锻炼，也没有面对面与朋友交际的能力。
They lack physical exercise and the skill t cmmunicate with their friends face t face.
[知识拓展]
(1)lack sth. 缺少某物
(2)a lack f...……的缺乏
fr lack f...因缺乏……
have n lack f...不缺乏……
(3)lacking adj.短缺的；缺乏的
be lacking in缺乏；缺少
[提示] lack作名词时常与介词f连用；作动词时可用作及物动词直接加宾语(不用被动语态)，也可用作不及物动词；形容词lacking常与in连用。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Mre and mre high­rise buildings have been built in big cities fr lack f space.
②Thugh lacking(lack) mney，he sent his sn t cllege.
知识要点2 argue vi.&vt.论证；争辩；争论
(教材P44)Sme peple argue that we shuld stp wasting time and mney explring space.
有些人主张我们应该停止浪费时间和钱财来探索太空。
[例1] She has argued that wild animals shuld be left in the wild and nt used fr entertainment r advertisements.
她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不能用于娱乐或广告。
[例2] He argued with Mary abut the best place fr a hliday.
他和玛丽为最好的度假地点而争吵。
[例3] The wrkers argued fr their right t strike.
工人们为他们罢工的权力而辩护。
[造句] 我主张我们人人都应该尽力帮助需要帮助的人。
I argue that every ne f us (shuld) try ur best t help thse in need.
[知识拓展]
(1)argue fr...为……而争论；为……而辩护
argue against争辩(反对……)
argue that...(shuld) d sth.主张……
argue with sb.n/abut/ver sth.与某人争辩某事
argue sb.int/ut f ding sth.说服某人做/不做某事
(2)argument n.争论；争辩；论点
[拓展延伸]
表示“说服……做……”的其他表达：
①persuade sb.t d sth.
②persuade sb.int ding sth.
③cnvince sb.t d sth.
④talk sb.int ding sth.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Hw I regretted arguing with her abut the imprtant questin, which made us all unhappy.
②We tried many ways t argue him int fllwing ur advice, but in vain.
③It is beynd argument(argue) that Diayu Islands belng t China.
知识要点3 result in导致；造成
(教材P44)It has directly resulted in the many satellites that nw rbit Earth.
它已经直接制造了很多现在绕地球运行的卫星。
[例1] They als agree that it is the burning f mre and mre fssil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbn dixide.
他们还赞同正是由于越来越多燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。
[例2] It had rained heavily fr weeks，which resulted in severe fld in this area.
大雨已下了几周，造成了这个地区的严重水灾。
[造句] 她努力的结果是成功了，而她弟弟的失败源自他的懒惰。
Her effrts resulted in her success while her brther's failure resulted frm his laziness.
[知识拓展]
(1)result in为及物动词短语，表示“导致”的意思，其同义词有cause(引起)，bring abut(引起；导致；致使)；lead t(导致)；cntribute t(有助于；向……投稿)等。
(2)result frm 由……产生
as a result f 由于……的原因
as a result 结果
withut result 毫无结果
[即学即练]
(1)单句语法填空
①As we all knw，his hard wrk resulted in his success.
②As we all knw，his success resulted frm his hard wrk.
(2)完成句子
①由于辛勤的工作，她成功了。
She succeeded as a result f her hard wrk.
②他犯了个大错，结果丢了工作。
He made a big mistake，and as a result，he lst his jb.
知识要点4 run ut用完；耗尽
(教材P45)It is necessary t find a new hme fr peple in space，as the resurces n Earth will run ut.
在太空中找到新家园对人类来说是很有必要的，因为地球的资源会耗尽。
[例1] Fd supplies had run ut twards the end f the trip.
在旅行快结束时，食物已经吃完了。
[例2] Our time is running ut.
我们的时间快没了。
[造句] 汽油用光了，汽车动不了了。
The petrl has run ut；the car can't mve.
[知识拓展]
(1)run ut f 用完；用光；用尽
give ut耗尽；筋疲力尽
use up用完；耗尽
(2)run fr竞选；匆匆去取
run acrss偶然遇到
run int撞上；遇到；邂逅
run thrugh浏览；跑着穿过
[明辨异同]
run ut f/run ut/give ut/use up
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Fd supplies in the fld­stricken area are running ut．We must act immediately befre there's nne left.
②The taxi ran int the bike and the man n the bike was thrwn ff.
③She ran acrss an ld friend f hers n the way t the statin.
[小片段助记]
Wrse luck！First, fd and drinking water had been used up befre we reached the destinatin.Then, my husband was speeding up the car when it suddenly brke dwn. It turned ut that the gas had run ut.S we had t walk ahead alng the rad until my strength give ut.We finally made ur way t a small htel but t ur despair, we fund we had used up/run ut f ur mney.
知识要点5 attach vt.系；绑；贴
(教材P46)While sleeping，they must attach themselves t smething s as t prevent flating arund.
在睡觉的时候，他们必须把自己系在某个东西上以防止到处飘浮。
[例1] Please attach labels t the luggage.
请把行李贴上标签。
[例2] That middle schl is attached t a university.
这所中学附属于一所大学。
[例3] In the new century，we still shuld attach imprtance t the develpment f ecnmy.
在新世纪，我们仍然要重视经济发展。
[造句] 很多青少年认为手机要比朋友重要得多。
Many teenagers attach much mre imprtance t their phnes than t their friends.
[知识拓展]
(1)把……固定/附在……上
attach great imprtance/significance t sth.
认为……非常/很有意义
(2)attached adj. 依恋；附属于
be attached t 附属于；依恋
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①My parents always attach imprtance t my getting a gd educatin.
②This hspital attached(attach) t the medical cllege nearby was destryed in the fld.
③This hspital is attached(attach) t the medical cllege nearby.
记叙文之时间顺序——情节线是关键
以时间为顺序的记叙文是高考试题中较为简单的一种文体。在该类文体中往往含有两条重要线索：一个是时间的先后关联；另一个是在时间变化中的情节变化。高考试题往往以这些情节变化作为命题点。因此，在解答此类文体时要注意时间线是理解文章的助手，而情节线是解题的关键。
[高考典例]2017·浙江卷·A篇(节选)
[时间线→读文助手] [情节线→解题关键]
[定区间·细比对]
22．What des the underlined sentence eq \x(in Paragraph 3) suggest?
A．The cat wuld be clsely watched.
B．The cat wuld get sme medical care.
C．Benjamin wuld leave his hme shrtly.
D．Benjamin wuld have real brushes sn.
23．What did Penningtn d t help Benjamin eq \x(develp his talent)？
A．He tk him t see painting exhibitins.
B．He prvided him with painting materials.
C．He sent him t a schl in Philadelphia.
D．He taught him hw t make engravings.
24．Williams' eq \x(tw bks) helped Benjamin t ．
A．master the use f paints
B．appreciate landscape paintings
C．get t knw ther painters
D．make up his mind t be a painter
[答案] 22－24 DBD
22．由题眼eq \(――→,\s\up10(定位))第3段，由“情节1＋情节3”得出答案。
23．由题眼eq \(――→,\s\up10(定位))第5段，由“情节5”并结合此段首句得出答案。
24．由题眼eq \(――→,\s\up10(定位))第5段，由“情节5”并结合结局可推知答案。
run ut f
是及物动词短语，通常以人作主语，相当于use up，表示“用完；用尽”
run ut
是不及物动词短语，通常以物作主语，相当于give ut
give ut
可表示物“用完”或人“筋疲力尽”；还表示“发出；分发；宣布”等
use up
是及物动词短语，表示“用完；用尽”，相当于run ut f
开端：
时间1
↓
[1]Benjamin West，the father f American painting，shwed his talent fr art when he was nly six years f age．But he did nt knw abut brushes befre a visitr tld him he needed ne.In thse days，a brush was made frm camel's hair.There were n camels nearby.Benjamin decided that cat hair wuld wrk instead.He cut sme fur frm the family cat t make a brush．
情节1：初见端倪
本杰明在6岁时就展现出艺术天赋:用猫毛自制画笔作画。
承接：时间2
↓
[2]The brush did nt last lng.Sn Benjamin needed mre fur.Befre lng，the cat began t lk ragged(蓬乱)．His father said that the cat must be sick.Benjamin was frced t admit what he had been ding.
情节2：新荷初见
本段承接上文，讲述了本杰明用猫毛制作画笔的事被父亲发现。
发展：时间3
↓
[3]The cat's lt was abut t imprve. That year，ne f Benjamin's cusins，Mr.Penningtn，came t visit. He was impressed with Benjamin's drawings. When he went hme，he sent Benjamin a bx f paint and sme brushes.He als sent six engravings(版画)by an artist.These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.
情节3——艺术启蒙
本杰明的天赋引起了堂兄Mr.Penningtn的注意，并得到帮助。
(可解第22题)
发展：时间4
↓
[4]In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years ld，Mr.Penningtn returned fr anther visit.He was amazed at what Benjamin had dne with his gift.He asked Benjamin's parents if he might take the by back t Philadelphia fr a visit.
情节4——技艺提高
本杰明9岁时被堂兄Mr.Penningtn带到了费城。
高潮：地点转换
↓
结局
[5]In the city，Mr.Penningtn gave Benjamin materials fr creating il paintings.The by began a landscape(风景)painting.William Williams，a well­knwn painter，came t see him wrk. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him tw classic bks n painting t take hme.The bks were lng and dull.Benjamin culd read nly a little，having been a pr student.But he later said，“Thse tw bks were my cmpanins by day，and under my pillw at night.” While it is likely that he understd very little f the bks，they were his intrductin t classical paintings.The nine­year­ld by decided then that he wuld be an artist.
情节5——技惊名人
在费城，本杰明开始叩响艺术殿堂的大门，并立志成为艺术家。
(可解第23、24题)