新高考专用备战2024年高考英语易错题精选易错点16阅读理解：词义猜测题4大陷阱学生版

这是一份新高考专用备战2024年高考英语易错题精选易错点16阅读理解：词义猜测题4大陷阱学生版，共12页。


易错陷阱1：词义/词组指代易混易错点。
【分析】
这类题错误主要因为基础词汇量积累和词根词缀积累不足，根据构词法猜词是阅读理解必不可少的能力。平时应当大量积累单词，同时利用前后的同位关系或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。
易错陷阱2：代词指代猜测易混易错点。
【分析】 阅读材料中的每个词与它前面的词语或句子甚至段落都有着密切的关联。有时代词与指代的对象相隔较远，应当对前面提到的内容进行总结，认真查找，才能得出代词所指代的事。
易错陷阱3：句意猜测易混易错点。
【分析】此类题型应当定位画线句子，充分利用语法和逻辑关系分析原句。同时分析理解画线句前后的语境，合理归纳总结找出与原句意思相同的选项并代入画线处验证。切不可因为句中出现熟词，而脱离语境，望文生义。
【易错点提醒一】 词义/词组指代易混易错点
【例1】（湖南省常德市临澧一中2023-2024学年高三阶段试题）
She prgrammed an IBM 7030 Stretch cmputer, prviding faster calculatins fr an accurate Earthmdel. This detailed mathematical mdel f the shape f the Earth was a building blck fr what wuld becme the GPS rbit.
What des the underlined phrase “a building blck” in paragraph 5 mean?
A．A basic part.B．A detailed map.
C．A building material.D．A majr bstacle.
【变式1】（吉林省长春市第二实验中学2023-2024学年高三试题）
A listener whse head is in sme “sweet spt” hears high-quality sund. But as ne gels farther frm the sweet spt, the sund diminishes. That’s because sund waves frm different ludspeakers interact t cancel ut each ther’s sund.
What des the underlined wrd “diminishes” in paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A．Becmes lwer.B．Travels faster.
C．Gets sweeter.D．Sunds nicer.
【变式2】（湖北省高中名校联盟2023-2024学年高三联合测评试题）
Actually, until her pregnancy Quarles had been living at breakneck speed. It went s until last year. “I was exhausted,” she says. “I’d been wrking three jbs, ding my charity and ging nnstp. I was afraid my mental health was getting wrse.”

Which f the fllwing best explains “breakneck” underlined in paragraph 2?
A．Safe and slw.B．Fast and dangerus.
C．Exciting and terrifying.D．Gentle and cmfrtable.
【变式3】（广东省揭阳市普宁市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）
In early 2021, I hit a rut in my studies. As a dctral candidate at the University f Chicag in Illinis, I wrked t design safer, mre effective materials fr vaccine delivery. Althugh I had been prductive early in my graduate career, my lng hurs and hard wrk were n lnger translating int success in the labratry, and I felt hpeless abut achieving my gals. Smething had t change.
What des the underlined part “hit a rut” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Stpped prgressing smthly.B．Had very slw reactins.
C．Accepted hard wrk’s value.D．Overcame a big prblem.
【易错点提醒二】 代词指代猜测易混易错点
【例2】（安徽省皖江名校联盟2023年高三联考）
The creatrs f the wall hpe it will bring an urgently needed slutin t the threats facing the African cntinent, creating 10 millin jbs in rural areas, as well as preventing 250 millin tns f carbn. The initiative is Africa-driven, which fr thse n the cntinent, is vital, and may hld the key t success. “The Great Green Wall…is abut wnership, and that has been the failure f develpment aid because peple were never identified with it,” said Elvis Paul Tangam, African Unin Cmmissiner fr the Sahara and Sahel Great Green Wall Initiative.“But this time they identify. This is the very thing f us!”
What des “us” underlined in Paragraph 3 refer t?
African Unins.B．All advcates.C．Land wners.D．All Africans.
【变式2】（湖南省常德市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）
Regulatry limits fr hw much PFAS fd packaging shuld cntain can vary greatly. Fr instance, a new law in Califrnia set the limit at less than 100 ppm. “Cmpared t America, Denmark sets a much lwer regulatry limit f 20 ppm with great success,” said Xenia Trier, an expert at the Eurpean Envirnment Agency. “It des wrk t set limits and enfrce them. PFAS d migrate frm the paper int the fd. Even thugh it was nt 100%, we still saw cnsiderable transmissin. In general, transmissin frm packaging t fd is increased as the temperature f the fd rises. It is the same with the time spent in wrapping materials.” Trier tld NBS, ne f the majr American mass-media cmpanies.
What des the underlined wrd “it” refer t in paragraph 4?
A．Cnsiderable migratin f grease and water.
B．PFAS transmissin frm packaging t fd.
C．Wrapper expsure t high fd temperature.
D．Regulatry limits cncerning fd packaging.
【变式3】（2023年全国高三专项练习）
At the end f each day, the participants shwed high activity in a brain area called the midbrain. The scientists were interested in tw, small areas within it. Bth areas prduce dpamine, a chemical that is imprtant in craving and rewards. The tw areas activated when hungry participants saw pictures f tasty pizza r juicy hamburgers. After the vlunteers had been islated, thse brain areas became active when they saw scial activities they missed. It might be playing sprts r chatting with friends.
What des the underlined “it” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A．A midbrain area.B．A scial activity.C．A vlunteer.D．A hamburger.
【易错点提醒三】 句意猜测易混易错点
【例3】（山东省曲阜师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年质量检测）
Real riches cnsist f well-develped and hearty capacities (能力) t enjy life. Mst peple are already swamped (淹没) with things. They eat, wear, g and talk t much. They live in t big a huse with t many rms, yet their huse f life is a hut.
The underlined sentence in the secnd paragraph prbably implies that______.
A．hwever materially rich, they never seem t be satisfied
B．hwever materially rich, they remain spiritually pr
C．thugh their huse is big, they prefer a simple life
D．thugh their huse is big, it seems t be a cage
【变式1】（浙江省名校协作体2023-2024学年高三适应性试题）
Last year, after a winter f practicing skiing n the green tracks fr beginners each week, Alicia was french-frying her way dwn blues and even attempted her first black. That mnth als witnessed me visiting the muntain mre times than in the 15 years cmbined and I’ve gt myself a partner fr life.
What des the father imply by saying “I’ve gt myself a partner fr life.”?
A．It is rewarding t learn new skills.B．Skiing has becme his lifelng hbby.
C．He will explre mre with his daughter.D．His daughter will accmpany him frever.
【变式2】（2022年全国高三专练）
When yu need a jb very much, yu may end up taking
Of curse, yu may seek tasks and respnsibilities that frce yu t learn smething new r t wrk harder. “Yu may be perating n autpilt（习惯性地）right nw, but chances are that peple abve yu are stressed,” Sarah Hathrn says. “ Take things ff yur bss’s plate and let him knw which prjects r tasks yu want t learn mre abut.”

The underlined wrds “take things ff yur bss’s plate” mean______.
A．draw yur bss’s attentinB．share yur bss’s burdens
C．give yur bss useful adviceD．ask yur bss fr a better psitin
【变式3】（2022·湖北孝感高三模拟）
As sn as I started pedaling again, my pants gt caught in the chain, and I fell flat n my face and hit my nse. Since that happened t my granddad decided t call it a day and try again the next mrning. The next mrning I wke up bright and early, and was very eager t try t ride my bike. My nse felt better, s I wasn’t that afraid f falling anymre.
What des the underlined part in the passage mean?
A．Remember what happened this day.
B．Make the authr feel happy.
C．Stp practicing bicycling.
D．G n t ride a bike.
1.（2023年全国甲卷）
Terri Bltn is a dab hand when it cmes t DIY (d-it-yurself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing tgether furniture, she never pays smene else t d a jb she can d herself.
Which is clsest in meaning t “a dab hand” in paragraph 1?
An artist.B．A winner.C．A specialist.D．A pineer.
2.（2023年全国乙卷）
In additin t the prblem f miscmprehensin frm bth sides, there are victries accidentally r deliberately twisted, especially when nly the victrs knw hw t write. Thse wh are n the lsing side ften have nly their things t tell their stries. The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made: a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact (联系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects.
14. What des the underlined wrd “cnversatin” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Prblem.B. Histry.C. Vice.D. Sciety.
3.（2022年新高考I卷）
Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said: “Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.”
Lynn Lewis, directr f Ntting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy t be taking part in the prject. It will really help cnnect ur residents thrugh a shared interest and creative activities.”
What d the underlined wrds “embark n” mean in paragraph 7?
Imprve.B．Oppse.C．Begin.D．Evaluate
4.（湖北省部分学校2023-2024学年高三起点试题）
Using first-f-their-kind bservatins frm the James Webb Space Telescpe. a University f Minnesta Twin Cities-led team lked mre than 13 billin years int the past t discver a unique, minuscule galaxy cluster (星系团) that generated new stars at an extremely high rate fr its size. The galaxy is ne f the smallest ever discvered at this distance —arund 500 millin years after the Big Bang — and culd help astrnmers learn mre abut galaxies that were present shrtly after the universe came int existence.
What des the underlined wrd “minuscule” in paragraph l mean?
A．Extremely small.B．Remarkably dark.
C．Especially remte.D．Quite cmplicated.
5.（贵州省六盘水市2023-2024学年高三诊断性检测题）
But Ores dn’t attract yu with taste alne; scents have a huge impact n the eating experience. When yu bite int an Ore, chemicals in the ckie release dr ants int the air inside yur muth. These scents flw t yur nasal cavity (鼻腔), where they interact with smell receptrs (感受器) and enter yur brain’s decding (解码) prcess. Yur brain is likely t find thse smells delightful, says Charles Spence, a prfessr f experimental psychlgy at the UK’s University f Oxfrd. Spence says chclate and vanilla are tw f the wrld’s mst liked smells.
What des the underlined wrd “they” in the furth paragraph refer t?
Chclates.B．Chemicals.C．Ckies.D．Scents.
（福建省厦门集美中学2023-2024学年高三10月试卷）
“Let’s take a break,” partway thrugh the meeting, my bss std, saying. “I need mre cffee.” I picked up my empty cup. “I d, t,” I said, and handed it t him acrss the table. “Thanks,” I added, lking at him expectantly. The bss was staggered fr a mment, and then tk the cup frm me.
What des the underlined wrd “staggered” mean in the sixth paragraph?
A．Amused.B．Shcked.
C．Depressed.D．Excited.
7.（安徽省合肥市第一中学2023-2024学年高三质检试题）
If the test is already set, the best way t prepare fr it is with a battery f activities that mst clsely lk like the test itself. And s as the Big Standardized Tests have spread, publishers have cranked ut varieties f caching wrkbks that are all cllectins f shrt excerpts accmpanied by a set f multiple chice questins. Instead f teaching students hw t read a whle bk, we teach them hw t take a standardized test.
Which f the fllwing can replace the phrase “cranked ut” in paragraph 4?
chargedB．canceledC．changedD．Prduced
8. (福建省政和县第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题)
Bennett, 57, held n thrugh 60 tmrrws, far lnger than any previus patient wh’d received a heart frm anther species. His remarkable run ffered new hpe that such prcedures, knwn as xentransplantatin (异种移植), culd help relieve the shrtage f replacement rgans, saving thusands f lives each year.
What des the underlined wrd “run” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A．Dnating his heart t a patient.
B．Perfrming the heart peratin.
C．Living fr 60 days after the peratin.
D．Receiving a new heart frm a pig.
（福建省厦门双十中学2023-2024学年高三10月试题）
Since there was usually nt enugh time fr a bystander pig t becme invlved in the heat f a cnflict, thugh this did ccur, Dr Nrscia lked at what happened in the three minutes immediately fllwing a fight. Smetimes, he fund, the fighters recnciled with each ther n their wn. The mre distantly related the fighters were, the mre frequently this happened. Dr Nrscia guessed that relatins between clse relatives are mre secure t start with, s rebuilding friendly relatins rapidly is less necessary fr them.
What des the underlined wrd “recnciled” prbably mean in paragraph 4?
Caught up.B．Kept in tuch.C．Made up.D．Changed in tune.
10.（福建省龙岩第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）
After rescuing the lnely animal, Sam and Vera fund it extremely emtinal t have t release her back ut int the wild t fend fr herself—even thugh they knew it was the right thing t d. But after having such a strng bnd with an animal, it was really difficult t see her g. They had put s much time, effrt and energy int raising her but t see her walking in a herd f blesbks made it all wrthwhile.
Which wrd can best explain the underlined wrd “fend” in the last paragraph?
A．Lk.B．Care.
C．Search.D．Hunt.
11.（河北省衡水市第二中学2023-2024学年高三9月检测试题）
In the study, the researchers sught t understand hw the brain uses this fllwing infrmatin t adjust ur perceptin f what we initially heard. T d this, they cnducted a series f experiments in which the subjects listened t islated syllables and similarly sunding wrds. Their results prduced three primary findings: The brain’s primary auditry crtex (听觉皮层) is sensitive t hw ambiguus a speech sund is at just 50 millisecnds after the sund’s appearance. The brain “replays” previus speech sunds while interpreting the fllwing nes, suggesting re-evaluatin as the rest f the wrd unflds. The brain makes cmmitments t its “best guess” f hw t interpret the signal after abut half a secnd.
What des the underlined part “the signal” in the last paragraph refer t?
A．The previus speech sund.B．The similarly sunding wrd.
C．The unclearly sunding wrd.D．The fllwing speech sund.
12.（河北省保定市重点高中2023-2024学年高三试题）
If yu are f the “n regrets” schl f life, yu may think that all this regret is a recipe fr unhappiness. But that isn’t the case. Letting yurself be verwhelmed by regret is indeed bad fr yu. But ging t the ther extreme may be even wrse. T extinguish yur regrets desn’t free yu frm shame r srrw but causes yu t make the same mistakes again and again. T truly get ver ur guilt requires that we put regret in its prper place.
What des the underlined wrd “extinguish” in paragraph 2 mean?
Admit.B．Destry.C．Treasure.D．Encunter.
13.（2024届浙江省绍兴市高三上学期模拟预测英语试题）
Nick Verel, a 53-year-ld kidney transplant (肾脏移植) recipient in Ohi, shuld have been near the tp f the list t receive a COVID-19 vaccine (疫苗). Yet like millins f thers, he wasn’t having any luck scheduling an appintment. Nick wuld sit with cmputers n his lap trying fr hurs t bk an appintment n different sites, which ended up in vain n matter hw cncentrated he was. “I felt hpeless,” Nick says.
Then he heard abut Zwinggi, a 40-year-ld mther f three wh was helping t secure appintments fr vulnerable individuals like Nick. S he messaged Zwinggi n Facebk: Can yu help? Thirty-five minutes later, Zwinggi reprted back—Nick successfully had an appintment t get the vaccine.
4．The underlined wrds “vulnerable individuals” in paragraph 2 refer t thse ______.
A．wh are t ld t bk an appintment.B．wh need vaccine badly with serius disease.
C．wh have little experience with cmputers.D．wh have little spare time with many kids.
C．A Great Way t Get the VaccineD．The Vaccine Chas
14.（2023年高三全国专练）
T reduce cffee cup waste, Cup Club is already replacing millins f takeaway cups in the UK, while Recup in Germany, has perfrmed a depsit system that simply adds a small extra fee t any cffee cup which is returned t the buyer after the cup is depsited in any registered cllectin pint.
What des the wrd “which” in the last paragraph refer t?
A．A cllectin pint.B．A depsit system.
C．A small extra fee.D．Any cffee cup.
15.（2023年上海高三测试）
Lndn reslved t live a full, exciting life. He nce said, “I wuld rather be a superb meter(流星), every atm f me in magnificent glw, than a sleepy and permanent planet. ” Each day, he pushed himself. Once Lndn determined that he was ging t be a writer, nthing culd stp him. His gal was t write at least ne thusand wrds every day. He refused t stp even when he was sick. In eighteen years，the writer published fifty﹣ne bks and hundreds f articles. He was the best-selling and highest-paid authr f his day. Many peple als cnsidered him t be the best writer. White Fang and The Call f the Wild are his mst famus stries and are abut surviving in the Alaskan wilderness. Readers can enjy Jack Lndn’s energy and his talent fr telling wnderful stries each time they pen ne f his nvels.
The underlined sentence in the last paragraph indicates that Jack Lndn ________.
A．is expert at universe.B．aims high and strive t succeed.
C．is excited abut life in the wildness.D．face a chice between life and death.