新高考英语三轮冲刺易错点16 阅读理解：词义猜测题（4大陷阱）（含解析）

这是一份新高考英语三轮冲刺易错点16 阅读理解：词义猜测题（4大陷阱）（含解析），共19页。

目 录
01 易错陷阱（3大陷阱）
02 举一反三
【易错点提醒一】词义/词组指代易混易错点
【易错点提醒二】代词指代猜测易混易错点
【易错点提醒三】句意猜测易混易错点
03 易错题通关
易错陷阱1：词义/词组指代易混易错点。
【分析】
这类题错误主要因为基础词汇量积累和词根词缀积累不足，根据构词法猜词是阅读理解必不可少的能力。平时应当大量积累单词，同时利用前后的同位关系或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。
易错陷阱2：代词指代猜测易混易错点。
【分析】 阅读材料中的每个词与它前面的词语或句子甚至段落都有着密切的关联。有时代词与指代的对象相隔较远，应当对前面提到的内容进行总结，认真查找，才能得出代词所指代的事。
易错陷阱3：句意猜测易混易错点。
【分析】此类题型应当定位画线句子，充分利用语法和逻辑关系分析原句。同时分析理解画线句前后的语境，合理归纳总结找出与原句意思相同的选项并代入画线处验证。切不可因为句中出现熟词，而脱离语境，望文生义。

【易错点提醒一】 词义/词组指代易混易错点
【例1】 （湖南省常德市临澧一中2023-2024学年高三阶段试题）
She prgrammed an IBM 7030 Stretch cmputer, prviding faster calculatins fr an accurate Earthmdel. This detailed mathematical mdel f the shape f the Earth was a building blck fr what wuld becme the GPS rbit.
What des the underlined phrase “a building blck” in paragraph 5 mean?
A．A basic part.B．A detailed map.
C．A building material.D．A majr bstacle.
易错分析：脱离语境，只记得熟词意思误选C，应根据fr之后句意及上句的意思判断熟词生义。
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。划线词句前文“She prgrammed an IBM 7030 Stretch cmputer, prviding faster calculatins fr an accurate Earthmdel. (她编写了一台IBM 7030 Stretch计算机，为精确的地球模型提供了更快的计算。)”说明这个数学模型是GPS的基础，从而推知划线词句“(这个关于地球形状的详细数学模型是GPS轨道的a building blck。)”其中划线短语应为“基石”的意思，与A项同义。故选A项。
【变式1】（吉林省长春市第二实验中学2023-2024学年高三试题）
A listener whse head is in sme “sweet spt” hears high-quality sund. But as ne gels farther frm the sweet spt, the sund diminishes. That’s because sund waves frm different ludspeakers interact t cancel ut each ther’s sund.
What des the underlined wrd “diminishes” in paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A．Becmes lwer.B．Travels faster.
C．Gets sweeter.D．Sunds nicer.
易错分析：不能看出画线部分词根中mini含义“微型，袖珍的”，且未能关注上句but前后两句话之间的转折意义是错误主要原因。
【答案】A
【解析】词义猜测题。根据上文内容以及后句“That’s because sund waves frm different ludspeakers interact t cancel ut each ther’s sund.（这是因为来自不同扬声器的声波相互作用，相互抵消对方的声音）”可知，这种技术是通过降噪处理消除对别人的干扰，因此推断划线句句意：但当你远离最佳点时，声音就会减弱。故判断该词义为“声音变小”。故选A。
【变式2】（湖北省高中名校联盟2023-2024学年高三联合测评试题）
Actually, until her pregnancy Quarles had been living at breakneck speed. It went s until last year. “I was exhausted,” she says. “I’d been wrking three jbs, ding my charity and ging nnstp. I was afraid my mental health was getting wrse.”

Which f the fllwing best explains “breakneck” underlined in paragraph 2?
A．Safe and slw.B．Fast and dangerus.
C．Exciting and terrifying.D．Gentle and cmfrtable.
易错分析：受break的熟词词义影响，脱离语境误选A。根据Actually的逻辑转折意义，及下文引述的话可推知逻辑含义。
【答案】 B
【解析】 词句猜测题。根据第一段“Alicia Quarles has her hands full these days — bth f them, at all hurs f the day and night.(这些天艾丽西亚·夸尔斯忙得不可开交——无论是白天还是晚上)”及划线词下文““I was exhausted,” she says. “I’d been wrking three jbs, ding my charity and ging nnstp. I was afraid my mental health was getting wrse.”(“我筋疲力尽，”她说。“我一直在做三份工作，做慈善，不停地工作。我担心我的心理健康状况会越来越差。”)”可知，夸尔斯工作繁忙，生活速度非常快，以至于筋疲力尽。由此推知，划线词breakneck与Fast and dangerus(快速危险)意思接近。故选B。
【变式3】（广东省揭阳市普宁市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）
In early 2021, I hit a rut in my studies. As a dctral candidate at the University f Chicag in Illinis, I wrked t design safer, mre effective materials fr vaccine delivery. Althugh I had been prductive early in my graduate career, my lng hurs and hard wrk were n lnger translating int success in the labratry, and I felt hpeless abut achieving my gals. Smething had t change.
What des the underlined part “hit a rut” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Stpped prgressing smthly.B．Had very slw reactins.
C．Accepted hard wrk’s value.D．Overcame a big prblem.
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“Althugh I had been prductive early in my graduate career, my lng hurs and hard wrk were n lnger translating int success in the labratry, and I felt hpeless abut achieving my gals. Smething had t change.(虽然我在研究生生涯的早期很有成效，但我的长时间和辛勤工作不再转化为实验室的成功，我对实现自己的目标感到绝望。有些事情必须改变。)”可知，我在学业上遇到了瓶颈，所以划线部分的短语是停止顺利进行的意思。故选A项。
【易错点提醒二】 代词指代猜测易混易错点
【例2】 （安徽省皖江名校联盟2023年高三联考）
The creatrs f the wall hpe it will bring an urgently needed slutin t the threats facing the African cntinent, creating 10 millin jbs in rural areas, as well as preventing 250 millin tns f carbn. The initiative is Africa-driven, which fr thse n the cntinent, is vital, and may hld the key t success. “The Great Green Wall…is abut wnership, and that has been the failure f develpment aid because peple were never identified with it,” said Elvis Paul Tangam, African Unin Cmmissiner fr the Sahara and Sahel Great Green Wall Initiative.“But this time they identify. This is the very thing f us!”
What des “us” underlined in Paragraph 3 refer t?
African Unins. B．All advcates.C．Land wners.D．All Africans.
易错分析：本题容易脱离话题，主观臆断。不可烦躁，浮于表面，应严密查找上文语句和词语之间的逻辑联系。
【答案】D
【导语】词句猜测题。根据第三段“The initiative is Africa-driven, which fr thse n the cntinent, is vital, and may hld the key t success. (这一倡议是非洲驱动的，对非洲大陆的人来说至关重要，可能是成功的关键)”以及“ “The Great Green Wall…is abut wnership, and that has been the failure f develpment aid because peple were never identified with it,” said Elvis Paul Tangam, African Unin Cmmissiner fr the Sahara and Sahel Great Green Wall Initiative. “But this time they identify. This is the very thing f us!” (“绿色长城……是关于所有权的问题，而这正是发展援助的失败之处，因为人们从未认同它，”非洲联盟撒哈拉和萨赫勒绿色长城倡议专员埃尔维斯·保罗·坦加姆说。“但这一次他们认同了。这就是我们的本性！)”可知，此处的us指“所有的非洲人”。故选D项。
【变式2】（湖南省常德市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）
Regulatry limits fr hw much PFAS fd packaging shuld cntain can vary greatly. Fr instance, a new law in Califrnia set the limit at less than 100 ppm. “Cmpared t America, Denmark sets a much lwer regulatry limit f 20 ppm with great success,” said Xenia Trier, an expert at the Eurpean Envirnment Agency. “It des wrk t set limits and enfrce them. PFAS d migrate frm the paper int the fd. Even thugh it was nt 100%, we still saw cnsiderable transmissin. In general, transmissin frm packaging t fd is increased as the temperature f the fd rises. It is the same with the time spent in wrapping materials.” Trier tld NBS, ne f the majr American mass-media cmpanies.
What des the underlined wrd “it” refer t in paragraph 4?
A．Cnsiderable migratin f grease and water.
B．PFAS transmissin frm packaging t fd.
C．Wrapper expsure t high fd temperature.
D．Regulatry limits cncerning fd packaging.
【答案】B
【解析】 词句猜测题。根据第四段“PFAS d migrate frm the paper int the fd. Even thugh it was nt 100%, we still saw cnsiderable transmissin.(PFAS确实从纸张转移到了食品中。尽管它不是100%，但我们仍然看到了相当大的传播)”可知，句中it指代上文提及的“PFAS从纸张转移到食品中”。故选B。
【变式3】（2023年全国高三专项练习）
At the end f each day, the participants shwed high activity in a brain area called the midbrain. The scientists were interested in tw, small areas within it. Bth areas prduce dpamine, a chemical that is imprtant in craving and rewards. The tw areas activated when hungry participants saw pictures f tasty pizza r juicy hamburgers. After the vlunteers had been islated, thse brain areas became active when they saw scial activities they missed. It might be playing sprts r chatting with friends.
What des the underlined “it” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A．A midbrain area.B．A scial activity.C．A vlunteer.D．A hamburger.
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第三自然段“After the vlunteers had been islated, thse brain areas became active when they saw scial activities they missed. It might be playing sprts r chatting with friends. (在志愿者被隔离后，当他们看到自己错过的社交活动时，这些大脑区域就会变得活跃。可能是做运动或和朋友聊天)”可知，代词It指代的是前文中让大脑会变得活跃的scial activities之一。故选B项。
【易错点提醒三】 句意猜测易混易错点
【例3】（山东省曲阜师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年质量检测）
Real riches cnsist f well-develped and hearty capacities (能力) t enjy life. Mst peple are already swamped (淹没) with things. They eat, wear, g and talk t much. They live in t big a huse with t many rms, yet their huse f life is a hut.
The underlined sentence in the secnd paragraph prbably implies that______.
A．hwever materially rich, they never seem t be satisfied
B．hwever materially rich, they remain spiritually pr
C．thugh their huse is big, they prefer a simple life
D．thugh their huse is big, it seems t be a cage
易错分析：拘泥于字面意思，易误选C、D，应根据上句，理解深层含义。
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据上文“Mst peple are already swamped (淹没) with things. They eat, wear, g and talk t much.(大多数人已经被事情淹没了。他们吃得太多，穿得太多，去得太多，说得太多)”可推知，大多数人有耽于生活中物质的东西和琐碎的东西，比如吃穿和闲聊，由此推知，尽管他们物质丰富，但实际精神生活匮乏，这正是划线句表达的意思，与B项“hwever materially rich, they remain spiritually pr(无论物质上多么富裕，他们精神上仍然贫乏)”同义。故选B项。
【变式1】（浙江省名校协作体2023-2024学年高三适应性试题）
Last year, after a winter f practicing skiing n the green tracks fr beginners each week, Alicia was french-frying her way dwn blues and even attempted her first black. That mnth als witnessed me visiting the muntain mre times than in the 15 years cmbined and I’ve gt myself a partner fr life.
What des the father imply by saying “I’ve gt myself a partner fr life.”?
A．It is rewarding t learn new skills.B．Skiing has becme his lifelng hbby.
C．He will explre mre with his daughter.D．His daughter will accmpany him frever.
【答案】C
【解析】句意猜测题。根据第二段“Watching yur kids learn new skills is extrardinarily rewarding, but I’ve experienced mre persnal grwth than I have at any ther pint in my life.”（看着你的孩子学习新技能是非常值得的，但我经历的个人成长比我生命中其他任何时候都要多。）以及划线句前“Last year, after a winter f practicing skiing n the green tracks fr beginners each week, Alicia was french-frying her way dwn blues and even attempted her first black. That mnth als witnessed me visiting the muntain mre times than in the 15 years cmbined ”（去年，艾丽西亚在为初学者准备的绿色雪道上练习了一个冬天的滑雪之后，她在蓝色中级雪道一路摸索，甚至尝试了她的第一个黑色钻石雪道。那个月我去山上的次数比过去15年的总和还多）可知，孩子在探索的同时，我也在探索。所以划线句的意思是他将和女儿一起探索更多。故选C。
【变式2】（2022年全国高三专练）
When yu need a jb very much, yu may end up taking
Of curse, yu may seek tasks and respnsibilities that frce yu t learn smething new r t wrk harder. “Yu may be perating n autpilt（习惯性地）right nw, but chances are that peple abve yu are stressed,” Sarah Hathrn says. “ Take things ff yur bss’s plate and let him knw which prjects r tasks yu want t learn mre abut.”

The underlined wrds “take things ff yur bss’s plate” mean______.
A．draw yur bss’s attentinB．share yur bss’s burdens
C．give yur bss useful adviceD．ask yur bss fr a better psitin
【答案】B
【分析】词义猜测题。通过文中画线句后文“let him knw which prjects r tasks yu want t learn mre abut.（让他知道哪些项目或任务你想要多了解一些。）” 可知画线部分的意思是你能与老板分担忧愁，故选B项。
【变式3】（2022·湖北孝感高三模拟）
As sn as I started pedaling again, my pants gt caught in the chain, and I fell flat n my face and hit my nse. Since that happened t my granddad decided t call it a day and try again the next mrning. The next mrning I wke up bright and early, and was very eager t try t ride my bike. My nse felt better, s I wasn’t that afraid f falling anymre.
26．What des the underlined part in the passage mean?
A．Remember what happened this day.
B．Make the authr feel happy.
C．Stp practicing bicycling.
D．G n t ride a bike.
【答案】C
【分析】词义猜测题。下文and try again the next mrning.说第二天早晨再尝试，可猜测出my granddad decided t call it a day的意思是我的祖父决定暂停，故选C。
1.（2023年全国甲卷）
Terri Bltn is a dab hand when it cmes t DIY (d-it-yurself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing tgether furniture, she never pays smene else t d a jb she can d herself.
Which is clsest in meaning t “a dab hand” in paragraph 1?
An artist.B．A winner.C．A specialist.D．A pineer.
【答案】C
【解析】词句猜测题。根据文章第一段画线短语下文“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing tgether furniture, she never pays smene else t d a jb she can d herself. (她擅长摆架子和拼接家具，从不付钱给别人做她自己能做的工作)”可推知，此处指Terri Bltnis是一位DIY高手。C项“A specialist (一位专业人员)”最接近画线短语“a dab hand”的意思。故选C。
2.（2023年全国乙卷）
In additin t the prblem f miscmprehensin frm bth sides, there are victries accidentally r deliberately twisted, especially when nly the victrs knw hw t write. Thse wh are n the lsing side ften have nly their things t tell their stries. The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made: a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact (联系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects.
14. What des the underlined wrd “cnversatin” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Prblem.B. Histry.C. Vice.D. Sciety.
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made: a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact (联系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. (加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大的成就：通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的接触时，我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。)”结合划线句“If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读对象。所以cnversatin指的是“历史”。故选B。
3.（2022年新高考I卷）
Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said: “Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.”
Lynn Lewis, directr f Ntting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy t be taking part in the prject. It will really help cnnect ur residents thrugh a shared interest and creative activities.”
What d the underlined wrds “embark n” mean in paragraph 7?
Imprve.B．Oppse.C．Begin.D．Evaluate
【答案】C
【解析】词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said: “Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.” (彭福街60号的额外护理经理Wendy Wilsn是第一批参与该项目的人之一，她说：“居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣。”)”可知，Wendy Wilsn是着手这项工程的人之一，也是做这个项目的创始人之一，因此可知，画线处embark n意为“开始着手做某事”，与C项“Begin (开始)”含义相近。故选C项。
4.（湖北省部分学校2023-2024学年高三起点试题）
Using first-f-their-kind bservatins frm the James Webb Space Telescpe. a University f Minnesta Twin Cities-led team lked mre than 13 billin years int the past t discver a unique, minuscule galaxy cluster (星系团) that generated new stars at an extremely high rate fr its size. The galaxy is ne f the smallest ever discvered at this distance —arund 500 millin years after the Big Bang — and culd help astrnmers learn mre abut galaxies that were present shrtly after the universe came int existence.
What des the underlined wrd “minuscule” in paragraph l mean?
A．Extremely small.B．Remarkably dark.
C．Especially remte.D．Quite cmplicated.
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据首段中的“The galaxy is ne f the smallest ever discvered at this distance —arund 500 millin years after the Big Bang — and culd help astrnmers learn mre abut galaxies that were present shrtly after the universe came int existence. (这个星系是在宇宙大爆炸后大约5亿年发现的最小星系之一，可以帮助天文学家更多地了解宇宙形成后不久出现的星系。)”可知，本句是对该句前的galaxy cluster (星系团)进行进一步的解释，由此可知，划线单词是对新发现的galaxy cluster进行修饰，由此可以推断，划线单词的意思与“Extremely small (极小的)”意义有关。故选A项。
5.（贵州省六盘水市2023-2024学年高三诊断性检测题）
But Ores dn’t attract yu with taste alne; scents have a huge impact n the eating experience. When yu bite int an Ore, chemicals in the ckie release dr ants int the air inside yur muth. These scents flw t yur nasal cavity (鼻腔), where they interact with smell receptrs (感受器) and enter yur brain’s decding (解码) prcess. Yur brain is likely t find thse smells delightful, says Charles Spence, a prfessr f experimental psychlgy at the UK’s University f Oxfrd. Spence says chclate and vanilla are tw f the wrld’s mst liked smells.
What des the underlined wrd “they” in the furth paragraph refer t?
Chclates.B．Chemicals.C．Ckies.D．Scents.
【答案】D
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第四段中“scents have a huge impact n the eating experience. When yu bite int an Ore, chemicals in the ckie release dr ants int the air inside yur muth. These scents flw t yur nasal cavity (鼻腔)（气味对饮食体验有着巨大的影响。当你咬一口奥利奥时，饼干中的化学物质会将气味释放到你嘴里的空气中。这些气味会进入你的鼻腔）”，可知，下文划线they指代的是scents。故选D。
（福建省厦门集美中学2023-2024学年高三10月试卷）
“Let’s take a break,” partway thrugh the meeting, my bss std, saying. “I need mre cffee.” I picked up my empty cup. “I d, t,” I said, and handed it t him acrss the table. “Thanks,” I added, lking at him expectantly. The bss was staggered fr a mment, and then tk the cup frm me.
What des the underlined wrd “staggered” mean in the sixth paragraph?
A．Amused.B．Shcked.
C．Depressed.D．Excited.
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据前文“‘I d, t,’ I said, and handed it t him acrss the table. ‘Thanks,’ I added, lking at him expectantly.(“我也是。”我说着，隔着桌子递给了他。“谢谢。”我补充道，期待地看着他。)”可知，老板没想到作者会让自己去倒咖啡，这使他很震惊。所以划线词staggered为“震惊的”之意，与shcked意思相近。故选B。
7.（安徽省合肥市第一中学2023-2024学年高三质检试题）
If the test is already set, the best way t prepare fr it is with a battery f activities that mst clsely lk like the test itself. And s as the Big Standardized Tests have spread, publishers have cranked ut varieties f caching wrkbks that are all cllectins f shrt excerpts accmpanied by a set f multiple chice questins. Instead f teaching students hw t read a whle bk, we teach them hw t take a standardized test.
Which f the fllwing can replace the phrase “cranked ut” in paragraph 4?
chargedB．canceledC．changedD．Prduced
【答案】D
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第四段的“If the test is already set, the best way t prepare fr it is with a battery f activities that mst clsely lk like the test itself. And s as the Big Standardized Tests have spread (如果考试已经定下来了，最好的准备方法就是安排一系列最接近考试本身的活动。因此，随着大型标准化考试的普及)”可知，出版商为了满足学生的考试需求，会推出各种各样的指导练习册，即学生有需求，书商就会大量出版，因此cranked ut与prduced同义。故选D。
8. (福建省政和县第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题)
Bennett, 57, held n thrugh 60 tmrrws, far lnger than any previus patient wh’d received a heart frm anther species. His remarkable run ffered new hpe that such prcedures, knwn as xentransplantatin (异种移植), culd help relieve the shrtage f replacement rgans, saving thusands f lives each year.
What des the underlined wrd “run” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A．Dnating his heart t a patient.
B．Perfrming the heart peratin.
C．Living fr 60 days after the peratin.
D．Receiving a new heart frm a pig.
【答案】C
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Bennett, 57, held n thrugh 60 tmrrws, far lnger than any previus patient wh’d received a heart frm anther species. His remarkable run ffered new hpe that such prcedures, knwn as xentransplantatin, culd help relieve the shrtage f replacement rgans, saving thusands f lives each year.(57岁的贝内特坚持了60个明天，比以往任何接受过其他物种心脏移植的病人都要长得多。他的出色表现给人们带来了新的希望，即这种被称为异种移植的手术可以帮助缓解替代器官的短缺，每年挽救数千人的生命)”可知，His remarkable run指的是上文提到的“57岁的贝内特坚持了60个明天”，即手术后活了60天。故选C。
（福建省厦门双十中学2023-2024学年高三10月试题）
Since there was usually nt enugh time fr a bystander pig t becme invlved in the heat f a cnflict, thugh this did ccur, Dr Nrscia lked at what happened in the three minutes immediately fllwing a fight. Smetimes, he fund, the fighters recnciled with each ther n their wn. The mre distantly related the fighters were, the mre frequently this happened. Dr Nrscia guessed that relatins between clse relatives are mre secure t start with, s rebuilding friendly relatins rapidly is less necessary fr them.
What des the underlined wrd “recnciled” prbably mean in paragraph 4?
Caught up.B．Kept in tuch.C．Made up.D．Changed in tune.
【答案】C
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第四段中“The mre distantly related the fighters were, the mre frequently this happened. Dr Nrscia guessed that relatins between clse relatives are mre secure t start with, s rebuilding friendly relatins rapidly is less necessary fr them.”（打架者的亲缘关系越远，这种情况发生的频率就越高。Nrscia博士猜测，近亲之间的关系一开始就更安全，因此迅速重建友好关系对他们来说就不那么必要了。）可推知，此处为Nrscia博士发现，打架者会自行和解。故可猜测划线单词recnciled为“和解”的意思，结合选项C项Made up“和解，和好”意思一致。故选C项。
10.（福建省龙岩第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）
After rescuing the lnely animal, Sam and Vera fund it extremely emtinal t have t release her back ut int the wild t fend fr herself—even thugh they knew it was the right thing t d. But after having such a strng bnd with an animal, it was really difficult t see her g. They had put s much time, effrt and energy int raising her but t see her walking in a herd f blesbks made it all wrthwhile.
Which wrd can best explain the underlined wrd “fend” in the last paragraph?
A．Lk.B．Care.
C．Search.D．Hunt.
【答案】B
【解析】词句推测题。根据划线词所在句“After rescuing the lnely animal, Sam and Vera fund it extremely emtinal t have t release her back ut int the wild t fend fr herself—even thugh they knew it was the right thing t d. (在拯救了这只孤独的动物之后，山姆和维拉发现，不得不把她放回野外让她自己fend，这让他们非常激动——尽管他们知道这是一件正确的事情。)”，及上下文可知，夫妇俩把一个两周龄的南非白面大羚羊救回并抚养长大，最终要放归大自然，目的是让它能自己照顾自己，此处fend意为“照看，照料”，与Care意思相近，故选B项。
11.（河北省衡水市第二中学2023-2024学年高三9月检测试题）
In the study, the researchers sught t understand hw the brain uses this fllwing infrmatin t adjust ur perceptin f what we initially heard. T d this, they cnducted a series f experiments in which the subjects listened t islated syllables and similarly sunding wrds. Their results prduced three primary findings: The brain’s primary auditry crtex (听觉皮层) is sensitive t hw ambiguus a speech sund is at just 50 millisecnds after the sund’s appearance. The brain “replays” previus speech sunds while interpreting the fllwing nes, suggesting re-evaluatin as the rest f the wrd unflds. The brain makes cmmitments t its “best guess” f hw t interpret the signal after abut half a secnd.
What des the underlined part “the signal” in the last paragraph refer t?
A．The previus speech sund.B．The similarly sunding wrd.
C．The unclearly sunding wrd.D．The fllwing speech sund.
【答案】C
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Their results prduced three primary findings: The brain’s primary auditry crtex (听觉皮层) is sensitive t hw ambiguus a speech sund is at just 50 millisecnds after the sund’s appearance. The brain “replays” previus speech sunds while interpreting the fllwing nes, suggesting re-evaluatin as the rest f the wrd unflds.”可知，他们的研究结果产生了三个主要发现：大脑的初级听觉皮层在声音出现50毫秒后就对语音的模糊程度很敏感。大脑在解释接下来的声音时“重播”之前的声音，暗示随着单词的展开重新评估。大脑会在半秒后做出“最佳猜测”来解释发音不清楚的单词。故划线词意思“发音不清楚的单词”。故选C。
12.（河北省保定市重点高中2023-2024学年高三试题）
If yu are f the “n regrets” schl f life, yu may think that all this regret is a recipe fr unhappiness. But that isn’t the case. Letting yurself be verwhelmed by regret is indeed bad fr yu. But ging t the ther extreme may be even wrse. T extinguish yur regrets desn’t free yu frm shame r srrw but causes yu t make the same mistakes again and again. T truly get ver ur guilt requires that we put regret in its prper place.
What des the underlined wrd “extinguish” in paragraph 2 mean?
Admit.B．Destry.C．Treasure.D．Encunter.
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据上文“Letting yurself be verwhelmed by regret is indeed bad fr yu. But ging t the ther extreme may be even wrse.(让自己被遗憾淹没确实对你不好。但走向另一个极端可能更糟。)”可知，另一个极端就是消除遗憾，由此可推知，划线词所在的句子意思为：消除你的遗憾并不能让你从羞耻和悲伤中解脱出来，只会让你一次又一次地犯同样的错误。extinguish意为“消除，消灭”。故选B。
13.（2024届浙江省绍兴市高三上学期模拟预测英语试题）
Nick Verel, a 53-year-ld kidney transplant (肾脏移植) recipient in Ohi, shuld have been near the tp f the list t receive a COVID-19 vaccine (疫苗). Yet like millins f thers, he wasn’t having any luck scheduling an appintment. Nick wuld sit with cmputers n his lap trying fr hurs t bk an appintment n different sites, which ended up in vain n matter hw cncentrated he was. “I felt hpeless,” Nick says.
Then he heard abut Zwinggi, a 40-year-ld mther f three wh was helping t secure appintments fr vulnerable individuals like Nick. S he messaged Zwinggi n Facebk: Can yu help? Thirty-five minutes later, Zwinggi reprted back—Nick successfully had an appintment t get the vaccine.
4．The underlined wrds “vulnerable individuals” in paragraph 2 refer t thse ______.
A．wh are t ld t bk an appintment.B．wh need vaccine badly with serius disease.
C．wh have little experience with cmputers.D．wh have little spare time with many kids.
C．A Great Way t Get the VaccineD．The Vaccine Chas
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第一段“Nick Verel, a 53-year-ld kidney transplant (肾脏移植) recipient in Ohi, shuld have been near the tp f the list t receive a COVID-19 vaccine (疫苗). Yet like millins f thers, he wasn’t having any luck scheduling an appintment.(俄亥俄州53岁的肾移植受者Nick Verel本应排在接种COVID-19疫苗的前列。然而，和其他数百万人一样，他也没能安排好预约)”以及划线词后文“like Nick”可知，Nick需要肾移植但是预约不上疫苗，故划线词意思是“患有严重疾病急需疫苗的人”。故选B。
14.（2023年高三全国专练）
T reduce cffee cup waste, Cup Club is already replacing millins f takeaway cups in the UK, while Recup in Germany, has perfrmed a depsit system that simply adds a small extra fee t any cffee cup which is returned t the buyer after the cup is depsited in any registered cllectin pint.
What des the wrd “which” in the last paragraph refer t?
A．A cllectin pint.B．A depsit system.
C．A small extra fee.D．Any cffee cup.
【答案】C
【解析】指代猜测题。由最后一段中的“T reduce cffee cup waste, Cup Club is already replacing millins f takeaway cups in the UK, while Recup in Germany, has perfrmed a depsit system that simply adds a small extra fee t any cffee cup which is returned t the buyer after the cup is depsited in any registered cllectin pint. (为了减少咖啡杯的浪费，Cup Club已经在英国更换了数百万个外卖杯，而德国的Recup则执行了一种存款制度，只需在任何咖啡杯存放在任何注册的收款点后，向买家退还一小部分额外费用。)”可知，which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词a small extra fee，所以which指a small extra fee。故选C项。
15.（2023年上海高三测试）
Lndn reslved t live a full, exciting life. He nce said, “I wuld rather be a superb meter(流星), every atm f me in magnificent glw, than a sleepy and permanent planet. ” Each day, he pushed himself. Once Lndn determined that he was ging t be a writer, nthing culd stp him. His gal was t write at least ne thusand wrds every day. He refused t stp even when he was sick. In eighteen years，the writer published fifty﹣ne bks and hundreds f articles. He was the best-selling and highest-paid authr f his day. Many peple als cnsidered him t be the best writer. White Fang and The Call f the Wild are his mst famus stries and are abut surviving in the Alaskan wilderness. Readers can enjy Jack Lndn’s energy and his talent fr telling wnderful stries each time they pen ne f his nvels.
The underlined sentence in the last paragraph indicates that Jack Lndn ________.
A．is expert at universe.B．aims high and strive t succeed.
C．is excited abut life in the wildness.D．face a chice between life and death.
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线句子后文“Each day, he pushed himself. Once Lndn determined that he was ging t be a writer, nthing culd stp him. (每一天，他都逼迫自己前进。一旦Lndn决定要成为一名作家，什么也阻止不了他。)”可知，划线词句“I wuld rather be a superb meter(流星), every atm f me in magnificent glw, than a sleepy and permanent planet. (我宁愿做一颗卓越的流星，让我的每一个原子都散发着壮丽的光芒，也不愿做一颗沉睡而永恒的行星。)”表明Jack Lndn要制定高远目标并奋斗直到成功。故选B项。