2024年中考英语语法之直接引语与间接引语讲义

这是一份2024年中考英语语法之直接引语与间接引语讲义，共11页。学案主要包含了把下列句子变成间接引语，把下列句子变成直接引语等内容，欢迎下载使用。
语法总结：直接引语/间接引语
如果引语的主句所用动词为过去时，那么间接引语要做相应变化：时态，人称，时间地点及指示词
1） 时态变化：
一般现在时——一般过去时
现在进行时——过去进行时
一般过去时——过去完成时
现在完成时——过去完成时
一般将来时——过去将来时
be ging t——was/were ging t/wuld
can--culd
may--might
2） 时间地点及指示词的变化：
here-there, tmrrw-the next day, the fllwing day, this-that…
3） 人称变化：根据句意改变人称。
4） 直接宾语/间接宾语
主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，间接宾语是及物动词的动作所涉及的人或事务，也可以说间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的，或者是为谁做的。所以间接宾语要用名词或者宾格代词来担当。
He gives me a bk.（me间接宾语，a bk直接宾语）
直接宾语和间接宾语的位置调换时要加一个介词t或fr：
主语＋及物动词＋直接宾语＋介词＋间接宾语
Give me a bk. = Give the bk t me.
Send him a letter. = Send a letter t him.
Shw him the new dress. = Shw the new dress t him.
英语答疑时间：
Structure 结构
Peple said _______ the puma.
a. t have seen b. t see c. they saw d. they had seen
我是凭语感选的d，但是究竟为什么应该选这个呢？
这是一个间接引语，即引述或转述别人的话。比如：
He said, "I am very srry."（直接引语）
→He said that he was very srry.（间接引语）
间接引语其实大多是宾语从句，由that引导，that可以省略。
在间接引语中有时态的转化：主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化：
这句话其实就是省略了that的间接引语，完整形式为：Peple said that they had seen the puma.
因为从句必须是完整的句子，要有谓语，a和b都为不定式（非谓语），所以先排除掉。
c和d主要是时态的问题。人们说他们已经看到了美洲狮，强调的是对现在的影响，用现在完成时。因为主句中动词为said（过去式），所以间接引语中时态要相应的变为过去完成时，所以选择d。
直接引语和间接引语之间的转换
一、把下列句子变成间接引语：
1. Mary ften says, “I want t be a dctr when I grw up.”
→Mary ften says that she wants t be a dctr when she grws up.
2. Mr Smith said, “Jhn is a gd student.”
→Mr Smith said that Jhn was a gd student.
3. “We will cme here again tnight,” the students said t the teacher.
→The students tld the teacher that they wuld g there again that night.
4. He said,“I repaired the watch yesterday.”
→He said that he had repaired the watch the day befre.”
5. “I haven’t heard frm my parents these days,” he said.
→He said that he hadn’t heard frm his parents thse days.
6. The children said,“We’ll be back tmrrw.”
→The children said that they wuld be back the next day.”
7. Bb said t Mary,“I saw the film tw days ag.”
→Bb tld Mary that he had seen the film tw days befre.
8. The teacher said,“Can yu hear me, children?”
→The teacher asked the children if they culd hear him.
9.“We’re ging t study in the USA next mnth,”they said.
→They said that they were ging t study in the USA the next mnth.
10. “I’m checking yur hmewrk nw,”his mther said.
→His mther said that she was checking his hmewrk then.
11. “The earth ges arund the sun,” the teacher said.
→The teacher said (that) the earth ges arund the sun.
12.“I can finish it in half an hur,” the wrker said t me.
→The wrker tld me he culd finish it in half an hur.
13.“Will yu g t the statin with me t meet a friend f mine this afternn?” he asked me.
→He asked me if I wuld g t the statin with him t meet a friend f his that afternn.
14.“D yu remember what yur uncle tld yu last night?” Li Ping’s father asked him.
→Li Ping’s father asked him if he remembered what his uncle tld him the night befre.
15.“Why did she refuse t g there?” the teacher asked.
→The teacher asked why she had refused t g there.
16.“Please wait fr me at the gate f the Summer Palace at tw tmrrw afternn,” Kate said t her friend.
→Kate asked her friend t wait fr her at the gate f the Summer Palace at tw the next afternn.
17.“Are yu feeling better tday?” the dctr asked my sister.
→The dctr asked my sister if she was feeling better that day.
18. He said t me,“Where did yu g last week?”
→He asked me where had I had gne the week befre.
19. He said,“I jined the English Club in 2007.”
→He said that he jined the English Club in 2007.
20. Jhn said t me,“Where will yu g this Sunday?”
→Jhn asked me where I wuld g that Sunday.
21.She said,“I will cme this evening.”
→She said that she wuld g that evening.
22.“Had yu finished yur hmewrk befre yu watched TV?” Kate’s mther asked her.
→Kate’s mther asked her if she had finished her hmewrk befre she watched TV.
二、把下列句子变成直接引语：
1. He said he knew nthing abut Tm.
→He said,“I knw nthing abut Tm.”
2. Tm asked Mary if she wuld watch his CD-ROMs that day.
→Tm said t Mary,“Will yu watch my CD-ROMs tday?”
3. Tm’s mther asked him why he has made s many mistakes in his hmewrk that time.
→Tm’s mther said t him,“Why have yu made s many mistakes in yur hmewrk this time?”
→Tm’s mther asked,“Tm, Why have yu made s many mistakes in yur hmewrk this time?”
4. They said they had studied English fr three years.
→They said,“We have studied English fr three years.”
5. He tld me there wuld be a basketball match that afternn.
→He said t me,“There will be a basketball match this afternn.”
6. Uncle Wang asked me where my father had been and what he had been ding all thse days.
→Uncle Wang asked me,“Where has yur father been and what has he been ding all these days?”
7. He said he had seen the film that day.
→He said,“I saw the film yesterday.”
8. He said he had finished the wrk that day.
→ He said,“I have finished the wrk tday.”
9. He tld his little sn t g inside and nt cme ut until the rain had stpped.
→He tld his little sn,“G inside and dn’t cme ut until the rain has stpped.”
10. The cnductr asked Zhang Hng where she was ging t get ff.
→The cnductr said t Zhang Hng,“Where are yu ging t get ff ?”
11. He asked whether they wuld g with him.
→He asked,“Will yu g with me?”
12. Mr White asked me t give his wife a message when she returned frm the library.
→Mr White said t me,“Please give my wife a message when she returns frm the library.”
13. A asked the teacher whether Gauss was brn in 1777.
→A asked the teacher,“Was Gauss brn in 1777？”
14. The ld wrker tld us nt t frget the past.
→The ld wrker sad t us,“Dn’t frget the past.”
15. He asked me Why Eidsn’s teacher said that he wasn’t bright and wasn’t wrth teaching.
→He asked me,“Why did Eidsn’s teacher said that he wasn’t bright and wasn’t wrth teaching?”
16. He asked me what else I wanted him t d.
→He asked me,“what else d yu want me t d？”
17. She asked Xia Wang if that kind f telephne was made in Guangzhu.
→She asked Xia Wang,“Is this kind telephne made in Guangzhu? ”
18. He asked me hw many times I had been t my hme twn since 2000.
→ He asked me,“Hw many times have yu been t yur hme twn since 2000?”
19. I asked ne f the bys if there were any mistakes in his hmewrk.
→I asked ne f the bys,“Are there any mistakes in yur hmewrk?”
20. She tld me she had seen a letter n my desk the day befre.
→ “I saw a letter n yur desk yesterday,” she said t me.
21. The guard said that he wuld nt let him in if he had n pass.
→ The guard said,“I will nt let yu in if yu have n pass.”直接引语
间接引语
一般过去时
过去完成时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时
过去进行时
过去进行时
一般将来时
过去将来时