初中英语语法之数词学案 （word版）

这是一份初中英语语法之数词学案 （word版），共8页。学案主要包含了第二等内容，欢迎下载使用。
语法梳理
一.基数词
1.基数词的构成
(1)1-12 的基数词独立成词。13-19 是由个位数加后缀-teen 构成。注意 13,15 的拼写是
thirteen 和 fifteen。
(2)20-90 由个位数后加后缀-ty 构成，注意 20-50 的拼写分别是 twenty, thirty, frty 和 fifty； 80 的拼写是 eighty。
(3)非整十的两位数 21-99 是由整十位数加连字符“-”，再加个位数构成。如：81 表达是 eighty
–ne。
(4)101-999 的基数词先写百位数，后加 and 再写十位数和个位数。如：691 的表达是 six hundred and ninety-ne。
(5)1000 以上的基数词先写千位数，后写百位数，再加 and，最后写十位数和个位数。如： 5893 的表达是 five thusand eight hundred and ninety-three。在基数词中只有表示“百”、 “千”的单位词， 没有单独表示“万”“亿”的单位词，要用 thusand（千）和 millin（百万）来 表达，其换算关系为：一万=10 thusand;1 亿= 100 millin;10 亿=a thusand millin = a billin。
(6)hundred, thusand, millin 和 billin 前面有具体数词（包括数量词 several）不加-s,如： three thusand peple 三千人；hundred，thusand，millin 和 billin 前面没有具体数词 时，表示不确切数字 ，必须在表述单位的基数词（hundred，thusand，millin，billin） 词尾加-s,并要与 f 短语连用，表示几百、几千、几百万、几十亿人或物。如：thusands f peple 几千人或成千上万的人。
2.基数词的用法
基数词用来表示数目。在句中起名词和形容词的作用，可作主语、表语、宾语、定语和同位 语。常有如下用法：
(1)表示数量。如：5 bks 5 本书
(2)表示年份（两位一读）。如：twenty furteen 2014 年 (3)表示年代（用基数词的复数形式）。如：in the 1980’s/1980s 20 世纪 80 年代 (4)表示时刻。如：5:00 读作 five(’clck),4:30 读作 fur thirty (5)表示顺序。用“首字母大写的单数名词+基数词”表示。如：Picture 6 第 6 幅画；Lessn One
第 1 课
(6)表示（不确切）年岁。用“in ne’s + 整十基数词复数”表示。如：in his frties 在他四十多 岁时
(7)表示四则运算的数学公式。加号用 plus/and;减号用 minus;乘号用 times;除号用 divide by。 如：11-5=6 读作 Eleven minus five is six. (8)表示长、宽、高、面积。用“基数词+单位名词（时间、距离、长度）+形容词”表示。如： 50 kilmetres lng 长 50 公里
(9)表示时间、距离。用“基数词+名词所有格+ walk/ ride/…”表示。如：ten minutes’ walk 10
分钟的步行
(10)表示倍数（基数词+times）
“比……（大）几倍”的表达用：基数词 + times + 形容词比较级 + than +… “是……的几倍”的表达用：基数词 + times + as + 形容词原级 + as +…
二.序数词
1.序数词的构成
除特殊情况外，序数词一般都由相应的基数词加后缀-th 构成。见下表：
第一~第十
first
第十一~第十九
eleventh
第二十以上
twentieth
secnd
third
twelfth
thirteenth
thirtieth
frtieth
furth
furteenth
fiftieth
fifth
fifteenth
sixtieth
sixth
sixteenth
seventieth
seventh
seventeenth
eightieth
eighth
eighteenth
ninetieth
ninth
nineteenth
hundredth
tenth
thusandth
说明：
(1)英语中第一、第二、第三的序数词属特殊形式，要注意它们的拼写。
(2)表示“几十”的序数词是将基数词词尾 y 变成 i 再加上后缀-eth。
(3)其余的两位数序数词是以相应的整十基数词加个位序数词构成。如：fifty-first 第五十一
(4)少数序数词拼法不规则需特殊记。
如：fifth 第五，eighth 第八，ninth 第九，twelfth 第十二等。
(5)序数词可缩写为阿拉伯数字加序数词最后两个字母。 如：first=1st,secnd=2nd,third=3rd,fifth=5th
2.序数词的用法
序数词用来表示顺序。在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。用法如下:
(1)表示顺序。序数词表顺序是，前面要用定冠词 the,后面跟单数名词。如：the first lessn 第一课
(2)表示日期。如：June1st 6 月 1 日，n May 4th,2015在 2015 年 5 月 4 日 (3)用于最高级前。如：the secnd lngest river第二条最长的河流
(4)前面用不定冠词 a 或 an 时，表示“再一”。如：a third try第三次尝试
(5)用于分数。如：a (ne)third 三分之一，fur fifths 五分之四
三.分数
1.分数的构成 分数由基数词和序数词构成：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子超过“1”时，分母用序数词 的复数。如：1/6 的表达是 a(ne)sixth,2/3 的表达是 tw thirds。
注意：1/2 用 ne half 或 a half; 1/4 用 ne quarter; 3/4 用 three quarters。 百分数由“基数词+percent”构成。如：2%读作 tw percent,44%读作 frty-ne percent。
2.分数的用法 分数在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语和状语。使用时，应注意以下几点：
(1)分数作前置定语时要用连字符。如：ne-third mile 三分之一英里 注意：分数相当于名词时也可不用连字符。如： three quarters f a mile
(2)如果上下文交代清楚而且交谈双方都知道所指什么，这时分数相当于代词，后面可不跟 f 短语后名词。如：Tw thirds were away.三分之二（的人）离开了。
(3)分数用作主语时，谓语动词的数要与分数后面的名词一致。如：
Tw thirds f the wrk has nt been dne yet.
三分之二的工作尚未完成。
(4)分数 a half 与 f 连用作量词时，通常只用 half。
(5)ne and a half+ 名词（复数）= a/an+ 名词（单数）and a half
如：ne and a half hurs = an hur and a half一个半小时
四. 含数字的复合形容词的用法
含有数字的复合形容词在句中只能作定语。这种复合形容词的构成是：数词+连字符“-”+名 词单数。
如：an 8-year-ld girl一个八岁的小女孩 注意：数词+名词（复数）可作状语修饰形容词，表示程度，这时不加连字符。 如：The girl is eight years ld.
这个女孩八岁了。
典题精析
The actr wh acted in the TV series last night because famus in his.
thirtyB. thirtieth
C. the thirtiethD. thirties
答案：D
解析:“in ne’s thirties”意为“在某人三十多岁时”。“in ne’s+整十基数词复数”为固定结构，表 示“在某人（几十）岁时”。故选 D 项。
Yu can seestars in the sky n a fine summer night.
millinB. millinsC. eight millinsD. millins f
答案：D
解析:“millins f…”意为“数以百万计的……,无数的……”。millin 后有介词 f 时，需用复数 millin。如果 millin 前有确切数字时，要用单数 millin,表示具体几百万。故选 D 项。 3.The teacher said thatf the bys wuld take part in the talent shw.
A. three-fiveB. three-fivesC. thirds-fifthsD. three-fifths
答案：D
解析：用英语表达分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词；当分子大于 1 时，分母要用复数。 所以 3/5 的表达为 three-fifths。故选 D 项。
September ismnth f the year.
ninthB. nineC. the nineD. the ninth
答案：D 解析:句意为“九月是一年中的第九个月份。”表示第九个月，应当用序数词，且序数词前应加
the。故选 D 项。
巩固训练
一.数词填空
1. Add 2 and 3, and yu’ll get.(fifth)
The little by pushed the buttn fr theflr.(twelve)
Terry was in his early.(frty)
We have a cmputer lessna week.(ne)
The university celebrated itsanniversary(周年)in December.（hundred）
6. Cycling is Eurpe’smst ppular sprt.(tw)
The palace has been described as thewnder f the wrld.(eight)
f trees are cut dwn every year.(thusand)
Thugh he failed again, he was ging t take atry.(three)
I bught this gift fr Mary’sbirthday.(nine)
二. 单项填空
() 1.peple in the wrld are sending and receiving e-mails every day.
Millin fB. Many millins f
Several millin fD. Several millins () 2. The captain has adaughter.
five-years-ldB. five years ld
C. five year ldD. five-year-ld () 3.f the apples in the basket are red.
A. Tw-thirdB. Secnd-third
C. Tw-thirdsD. Secnd-thirds
() 4. The vlunteers sent_bks t a muntain village schl.
A. hundredB. tw hundreds f
C. tw hundredD. tw hundreds () 5.f the mneygne.
A. Three-fifth; hasB. Three-fifths; have
C. Three-fifths; hasD. Three-fifth; have
()6. It’s never t ld t learn. Karl Marx began t learn English in his.
A. the fiftiethB. fiftieth
C. fiftyD. fifties
()7. During Wrld War, a Jewish(犹太人)lady in herwas prtected by a lcal family in Shanghai.
A. the fiftiethB. fifty
C. fiftiethD. fifties
() 8. Abutf the students in ur class like keeping diaries in English.
A. tw fifthB. tw fifths
secnd fiveD. tw five
() 9. Mr Black has a.
ten year ld byB. ten-year-ld by
C. by f ten year ldD. by f ten
()10. Last Sunday, my grandma had herbirthday.
A. ninetyB. ninetieth
C. ninetiesD. ninth
()11. — What date is it tday?
— It’s.
A. the furth f MayB. the May furth
C. f May the furthD. furth May
()12. Abutf the wrkers in the factry were brn in the.
A. tw-thirds; 1970B. tw-thirds; 1970s
tw-third; 1970D. tw-third; 1970s
()13. Three students ran faster than Lily in the race. Lily was.
the furthB. fur
C. threeD. the third
()14. — Excuse me, sir. Here’s a package fr Lin Ta. Which rm des he live in?
—.
A. 308 RmB. Rm 308
The Rm 308D. The 308 Rm
()15. — I hear yur friend is visiting Shanghai again. Is it thetime fr him?
— Yes, and he will cme fr_time next spring.
secnd; a thirdB. twice; a secnd
C. twice; the thirdD. secnd; the secnd
()16. It is said that the gravity n Mars is nly abutf the gravity n the earth.
A. three-eighthsB. third-eighth
C. three-eightsD. third-eight
()17. Time is nt enugh fr s much wrk.peple are needed, I think.
A. Other twB. Only tw
C. Tw mreD. Tw thers
()18. Inside a bx there are six smaller bxes, and inside each small bx are six much smaller bxes. Hw many bxes altgether?
A. Thirty-sixB. Thirty-seven
Frty-threeD. Frty-tw
()19. Althugh I failed fur times, my father encuraged me t have atry.
secndB. thirdC. furthD. fifth ()20. Because f Prject Hpe,children have better lives.
A. thusandB. thusandsC. thusand fD. thusands f
()21.Theletter in the wrd “pssible” is “i”.
A. fiveB. secndC. twD. fifth
()22.There arepeple in my family. We live n theflr in a tall building.
A. five; sixB. fifth; sixth
C. fifth; sixD. five; sixth
()23. –what’s ne furth and a half, d yu knw?
- Yes, it’s.
A. tw sixthsB. three furths
C. ne threeD. three sixths
()24. Dick, it is thetime indays that yu’ve made the same mistake.
A. tw; threeB. secnd; three
tw; thirdD. secnd; third ()25. The rad is vermetres lng.
six hundred and fifty-tw
six hundreds and fifty-tw
six hundred, fifty-tw
six hundred, fifty and tw
()26. There are mre than twlanguages spken in Nigeria.
A. hundredsB. hundreds fC. hundredD. hundred f ()27. The ld man began t learn t drive a car at the age f.
A. sixtyB. the sixtieth
C. sixty years ldD. sixties ()28. —Hw ld is yur daughter?
. We had a special party fr herbirthday last week.
A. Ninth; ninthB. Nine; nine
C. Ninth; nineD. Nine; ninth
()29. The Sutng Highway Bridge, abridge, is already pen t traffic.
A. 32 kilmetre lngB.32-kilmetre-lng
C. 32 kilmetres lngD. 32-kilmetres-lng
()30. There were abut sixstudents in the schl building during the earthquake,
andf them didn’t run ut.
hundred; tw third
hundred; tw thirds
hundreds; tw thirds
hundred; tw thirds
()31.mnth f the year is April.
A. FurB. FurthC. The furthD. The frth ()32. —Which is the biggest number f the fur?
—.
One-thirdB. Tw-thirdsC. A halfD. A quarter ()33. Fr breakfast, I usually haveand tw pieces f bread.
a cup f milk halfB. half a cup f milk
C. a half milk cupD. half a milk cup
()34. —If a=4, b=5, what’s the answer t the questin “a+2ab+1=?”
—.
Frty-fifth
Frty-five
Twenty-three
One hundred and twenty-ne
()35. — We have sixty students in ur class.f them are bys. Hw many girls are
there, d yu knw?
—There are twenty girls.
A. One thirdB. Tw thirds
C. One quarterD. A half
()36. Nw, everyne, please turn t Pageand lk at thepicture.
A. Twelve; fifthB. Twelfth; fifth
C. Twelve; fiveD. Twelfth; five
()37. —David, hw ld is yur father this year?
. And we just had a special party fr hisbirthday last weekend.
A. Frtieth; frtyB. Frty; frtieth
C. Frty; frtyD. Frtieth; frtieth ()38. —Where is Class?
It’s n theflr.
A. Six; thirdB. Sixth; third
C. Six; threeD. Sixth; three
()39. Mther’s Day is n theSunday in May every year.
twB. secndC. sixD. sixth ()40. Can yu imagine what life will be like intime?
20 years’B.20 year’s
C. 20-years’D.20-year
()41. I thinkf the materials I listened at the beginning f the exameasy.
A. three furths; isB. third fur; are
C. three furths; areD. three furth; are
()42.f the land in that districtcvered with trees and grass.
A. Tw fifths; isB. Tw fifth; are
C. Tw fifth; isD. Tw fifths; are
参考答案： 一．1. five
twelfth
frties
nce
hundredth
secnd
eighth
Thusands
third
ninth
二．1-5 BDCCC 6-10 DDBDB
11-15 ABABA
16-20 ACCDD
21-25 DDBBA
26-30 CADBB
31-35 CBBBB
36-40 ABABA
41-42 CA