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1、帮助孩子系统梳理上学期所学知识。带领孩子构建完备、扎实牢固的知识体系；
2、帮助孩子预习新学期功课。提前掌握重难点、考点、易错点，领先一步提高学习效率；
3、假期持续稳定的学习。避免孩子长时间沉迷于电视、手机，养成坏习惯，影响新学期学习。
第02讲 名词
衔接导图
温故知新
温故要点
例1用所给词的正确形式填空
There are tw________ (knife)and five________ (tmat)n the desk.
【答案】knives tmates
【思路解析】这道题考查名词的复数形式.做题时要注意tw和five这两个数字后跟名词复数形式.同时注意名词单数变复数时,以f/fe结尾的名词和以结尾的名词的变化规则.
回顾总结
1.名词的分类
名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念名称的词.它分为普通名词和专有名词,普通名词又可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,其中可数名词有单数和复数两种形式.
2.名词单数变复数的变化规则
名词单数变复数,一般是在单词末尾直接加-s;以字母s,x,ch,sh结尾的单词,则加-es;以字母f或fe结尾的单词,有的直接加-s,有的则先把f/fe变为v,再加-es;以辅音字母加-y结尾的单词,先把y变为i,再加-es
注意:
(1)以字母结尾的单词,除常见的 her, tmat, ptat等加-es,其余加-s.
(2) class, plice, peple等集体名词,常以复数形式出现.
衔接知新
知识清单
1.名词单数变复数的不规则变化
(1)单复数同形,如:deer -deer, Chinese-Chinese.
(2)单复数不同形,如:child-children, tth-teeth.
2.不可数名词的复数形式
不可数名词的复数形式,也可以说是不可数名词的量化,有两种方式:
(1)用much, a little, sme等词修饰.
(2)用“数字+量词+f+不可数名词”表示,变复数形式时只需把其中的量词的单数形式变为复数形式,如:tw cups f tea两杯茶.
3.名词所有格
(1)名词所有格的构成
(2)名词所有格的用法
①表示有生命的事物的所有关系,如:Jack's car Jack的汽车;
②如果某人或某物为两个或两个以上的人共有,只需把最后一个名词变为所有格,如:Mr. and Mrs. Green's daughter Green 先生和 Green太太的女儿;如果为各自所有,则每个名词都要变所有格,
如:Jim's and Grace's rms Jim 的房间和 Grace的房间;
③表示天气、时间、距离、国家等的名词的所有格也常用's表示,如:China's cities中国的城市.
过关检测
典题精讲
例2用所给词的正确形式填空
(1)There are twenty_________ (she shp) in ur twn.
(2) A lt f________ (German) cme t China t learn Chinese every year.
【答案】(1) she shps (2) Germans
【思路解析】(1)名词也可作定语修饰其他的名词,但在变复数时只变后面的名词即可,如:apple trees苹果树.
(2)a lt f意为“很多”,后面要接名词的复数形式.German德国人,要注意其复数形式与man, wman的复数形式的区别.
走出误区
做第(2)题时,你可能会联系到wman-wmen, man-men的复数变化规则,以为German的复数是Germen.其实对于“某国人”的名词复数形式变化可巧记为“中日不变英法变,其他国人都把-s添”.
例3翻译句子
我想要两杯咖啡.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】I want tw cups f cffee.
【思路解析】这道题主要考查不可数名词的量化.“咖啡”是不可数名词,不可数名词一般只有单数形式,没有复数形式.有些不可数名词可以借助量词来表示一定的数量,即把量词的单数形式变为复数形式.
即时演练
1.写出下列名词的复数形式
【答案】benches brushes kisses fxes men rfs sheep wmen watches families days
erasers mice fishes/fish geese
2.用所给单词的正确形式填空
(1)There are s many________ (wlf) in the frest.
(2) These________ (tmat) are red and big.
(3) My mther wants t buy a new pair f________ (she) fr me.
(4)I want tw________ (piece) f bread.
(5)Many________ (child) are in the garden.
【答案】(1)wlves (2)tmates
(3)shes【解析】“一双鞋”是成对的,要用复数形式.
(4) pieces 【解析】bread 是不可数名词,表达两片面包时,量词 piece 要用复数形式.
(5)children领先训练
强化基础
1.根据汉语意思把下列句子补充完整
(1) They are________________ (Peter的老师和 Sam的老师).
(2) ________________ (教师节)is n September 10th.
(3) ________________ (学生们的桌椅)are very new.
(4)We are very happy n________________ (儿童节).
【答案】(1) Peter's and Sam's teachers 【解析】are是突破口,说明主语是复数,表达的是两者各自所有,要在每个名词后加“'s”.
(2) Teachers' Day【解析】以-s结尾的复数名词,只加“)”变所有格;同时注意,教师节属于专有名词,每个单词的首字母都要大写.
(3) The students 'desks and chairs【解析】在名词前加上the,表示特指.
(4)Children's Day 【解析】不是以s结尾的复数名词,仍加“”g”变所有格.
2.用所给词的正确形式填空
(1) March 8th is________ (wman) Day.
(2)There are sixty________ (minute) in an hur.
(3) This is________ (Lucy and Lily) rm.
(4) The rm is________ (Gina).
【答案】(1)Wmen's (2)minutes
(3) Lucy and Lily's【解析】从is可以看出主语是单数,表示两人共有,只在后一个名词末尾加“'s.
(4)Gina's
3.根据汉语意思完成句子
(1)他是Kate和Dave的爸爸.
He is________ ________ ________ father.
(2)我喜欢沙拉,但是他喜欢鸡肉.
I________ like, but he likes________.
(3)他是我爸爸的一个朋友.
He is a friend f________ ________.
【答案】(1)Kate and Dave's【解析】要注意两者共有的名词所有格的用法.
(2) salad chicken 【解析】“沙拉”“鸡内”在这里都是不可数名词.
(3)my father's
领先巩固
4.按要求完成下列句子
(1)I can see tw phts n the wall.(对画线部分提问)
________ ________ phts can yu see n the wall?
(2)我想去长城.(补充翻译)
I want t g t________ ________ ________.
(3) This is a plane.(改写成复数句子)
________ ________ ________ ________.
(4)我想要两杯橘子汁.(补充翻译)
I want________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
【答案】(1)Hw many (2)the Great Wall
(3)These are sme planes
(4)tw glasses f range juice【解析】这是在考查不可数名词的量化表达形式.变复数时只把量词变复数.
5.单项选择
( )(1)We eat________ in summer. It's cl(凉的).
( ) (2)-What d we need fr the salad?
-We need tw apples and three________.
( ) (3)I dn't like________.
( ) (4)-Wuld yu like sme drinks, bys?
-Yes, ________,please.
( ) (5)My pen is black. ________ is blue.
( ) (6)-Wh is the man in the blue car?
-He is________ brther.
( ) (7)Every mrning, Mr. Smith takes a________ t his ffice.
( ) (8)-What________ bwl f ndles wuld yu like, small, medium r large?
-A large bwl f beef ndles, please.
【答案】(1)C
(2)B解析】three后面接复数名词.
(3) A【解析】可数名词表示一类物品时,必须用复数形式,B、C、D项不正确.
(4)D【解析】从问句sme drinks可知答句应该用复数形式;range在这里意为“橙汁”,是不可数名词,它的复数形式是把量词变为复数.
(5)C【解析】句意:我的钢笔是黑色的,凯特的是蓝色的.
(6)B 【解析】brther 是单数,可知这是表示两者共有,只在后一个名词末尾加“'s”.
(7)D【解析】根据“一段20分钟的路程”可知要用名词所有格形式,20 minutes 是以s结尾的复数名词,在其后加“”即为所有格,且a后面接单数名词,用 walk.
(8)C 【解析】从答句“一大碗”可以知道问的是size尺寸
培优挑战
6.阅读短文,回答问题
Streets f Water
There is a city in the wrld. Peple d nt drive cars in that city. It is called Venice(威尼斯).Venice is in Italy. There are n streets in Venice. But there are canals(运河).The canals lk like streets. There is much water in thse canals. In Venice, peple ride arund the city in bats. Yur father and mther may ride in a bus t wrk. In Venice, fathers and mthers ride in bats.
( ) (1)There are many________ in Venice.
( ) (2)The canals lk like________.
( ) (3)There's________ water in the canals.
( ) (4)In Venice, peple ften________.
【答案】(1)A 【解析】文句:There are n streets in Venice. But there are canals.成尼斯没有街道,但是有运河.
(2)B【解析】文句:The canals lk like streets.运河看起来像街道.lk like意为“看起来像”.
(3) B【解析】文句:There is much water in thse canals.那些运河里有很乡的水.
(4)C【解析】文句:In Venice, fathers and mthers ride in bats.在成尼斯,爸爸妈妈们都是乘船.
中考链接
1.(2022·广西桂林·统考中考真题)Bill has gt tw ________.
【答案】B
【详解】句意:比尔有两个兄弟.
考查名词复数.sister姐妹;brthers兄弟们;student学生.tw修饰可数名词复数,故选B.
2.(2022·湖南益阳·统考中考真题)Lk! There are sme ________ eating grass n the hill.
【答案】A
【详解】句意:看！有一些绵羊在山上吃草.
考查名词辨析.sheep绵羊;cw奶牛;hrse马.根据“sme”可知其后用可数名词复数,sheep单复数同形,其他选项均为单数.故选A.
3.(2022·湖南湘西·统考中考真题)I’m nt hungry at all because I just ate much ________.
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我一点儿也不饿因为我刚吃了许多面包.
考查名词辨析.apples苹果,可数名词复数;bananas香蕉,可数名词复数;bread面包,不可数名词.根据“much”可知此处用不可数名词.故选C.
4.(2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考中考真题)The ________ is China’s natinal treasure. It’s a kind f cute animal that likes eating bamb.
【答案】A
【详解】句意:熊猫是中国的国宝.它是一种喜欢吃竹子的可爱动物.
考查名词辨析.panda熊猫;tiger老虎;elephant大象.根据“China’s natinal treasure”和“It’s a kind f cute animal that likes eating bamb.”可知,此处指熊猫.故选A.
5.(2022·重庆·统考中考真题)This year, the family went camping n ________ Day, June 1st.
【答案】D
【详解】句意:今年,全家在6月1日儿童节去露营.
考查名词所有格.由语境可知,此处指“儿童节”,英文表达为“Children’s Day”.故选D.
6.(2022·西藏·统考中考真题)Mre and mre ________ want t learn abut Chinese culture.
【答案】A
【详解】句意:越来越多的德国人想了解中国文化.
考查词义辨析和名词复数.Germans德国人,名词复数;German德国人,名词单数;Germany德国;Germans’表述错误.“Mre and mre”修饰可数名词复数,指人想了解中国文化.故选A.
7.(2022·湖南邵阳·统考中考真题)-Wuld yu like sme ________?
-Yes, madam.
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你想要些果汁吗?——是的,夫人.
考查名词辨析.egg鸡蛋;juice果汁;milk teas错误表达,奶茶是不可数名词,不可以加s. sme修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词,只有B选项符合,故选B.
8.(2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考中考真题)-There will be ________ tmrrw. We can’t eat ut.
-Well, we have t stay at hme.
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——明天会下雨.我们不能在外面吃饭.——嗯,我们必须呆在家里.
考查there be用法.rainy下雨的;rain下雨,雨水;raining动名词形式.此处是there be句型,空处填的应是名词,rain符合语境,故选B.
9.(2022·江苏徐州·统考中考真题)Frm my ________ n the tp f the TV twer, I can have a perfect view f ur city.
【答案】C
【详解】句意:从我在电视塔顶部的位置,我可以完美地看到我们的城市.
考查名词辨析.traditin传统;cnditin条件;psitin位置;situatin形式,情况.根据“n the tp f the TV twer,”可知,此处是要表示一个位置.故选C.
10.(2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题)________ father is a pilt. He has been t many cuntries arund the wrld.
【答案】A
【详解】句意:托尼和彼得的爸爸是飞行员.他去过世界上许多国家.
考查名词所有格.根据“father”可知,此处指两个人共有的爸爸,在后一个人名后加’s,故选A.
11.(2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题)With the intrductin f the “duble reductin” plicy (双减政策), ne f the ________ ________ that the students have less hmewrk.
【答案】A
【详解】句意:随着“双减”政策的出台,其中一个变化就是学生的作业变少了.
考查名词复数和主谓一致.ne f+名词复数,排除B; ne f加名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用单数.故选A.
12.(2022·甘肃定西·统考中考真题)The ________ rang and Pat answered it. It was his sn calling frm New Yrk.
【答案】A
【详解】句意:电话铃响了,帕特接了电话.是他儿子从纽约打来的.
考查名词辨析.telephne电话;drbell门铃;clck时钟;bike自行车.结合语境和下一句“It was his sn calling frm New Yrk.”可知帕特的儿子从纽约打电话来,所以应该是电话铃声响了.故选A.
13.(2022·山东滨州·统考中考真题)-Hw did yu put tgether the mdel plane s perfectly?
-It's easy. I just fllwed the ________.
【答案】A
【详解】句意:－你怎样把那航空模型拼得那么完美?－容易,我就是按照说明做的.A. instructins说明;B. instruments乐器;C. interviews采访;D. inventins发明.按照说明拼接.故选A.
14.(2021·西藏·统考中考真题)All ________ received fresh flwers n Wmen’s Day.
【答案】C
【详解】句意:所有的女老师们都在妇女节这一天收到了鲜花.
考查复合名词复数的用法.“女教师”由wman teacher来表示,而由句中的“女教师们”可知这里应用复合名词的复数形式,其变化规则为两个名词都应变成其复数形式,为wmen teachers.故选C.
15.(2021·山东青岛·统考中考真题)Traditinal Chinese Medicine is a great ________ fr ur natin.
【答案】A
【详解】句意:中国传统医学是我们民族的伟大财富.
考查名词辨析.treasure财富;reslutin决议;pleasure快乐;standard标准.根据“Traditinal Chinese Medicine”可知,中国传统医学是巨大的财富,结合选项,treasure符合句意.故选A.
16.(2021·内蒙古·统考中考真题)In a cnversatin between tw persns, 65% f ________ is dne thrugh bdy language.
【答案】D
【详解】句意:在两个人的对话中,65%的交流是通过肢体语言进行的.
考查名词辨析.infrmatin信息;prnunciatin发音;intrductin介绍;cmmunicatin交流;根据“In a cnversatin between tw persns”以及“thrugh bdy language”可知,此处指的是“交流”中65%是肢体语言,故选D.
17.(2021·青海西宁·统考中考真题)-What a clean and tidy rm!
-Yes. It’s ________ rm.
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——多干净整洁的房间啊！——是的.它是蒂娜和尼娜的房间.
考查名词所有格.根据句意,空处应用名词所有格,表示“……的”,故排除C项;根据空后“rm”是单数可知,这是蒂娜和尼娜共有的房间;两者或两者以上共同所有,只在最后一个名词加’s.故选A.
18.(2021·广西河池·统考中考真题)-Lisa, culd yu help me buy sme ________ n yur way hme?
-Ok, mm.
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——Lisa,你能在回家的路上帮我买些牛肉吗?——好的,妈妈.
考查名词辨析.egg鸡蛋,可数名词;beef牛肉,不可数名词;banana香蕉,可数名词;ptat土豆,可数名词.sme修饰可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词,ACD都应该用其复数形式,排除ACD,故选B.
19.(2021·四川广元·统考中考真题)Three fifths f the teachers in ur schl are ________.
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们学校五分之三的教师是男教师.
考查名词复数.结合动词are可知,名词要用复数形式,以man或wman为前缀的名词变复数时,前后两个名词都变成复数,B选项正确,故选B.
20.(2021·黑龙江大庆·统考中考真题)-Can I help yu?
-Please give me ________ abut the trains t Daqing.
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——我可以帮到你吗?——请告诉我一些去大庆的火车的情况.
考查不定代词及不可数名词.a few一些,修饰可数名词;a little一点,修饰不可数名词.infrmatin是不可数名词,无复数形式,排除A和B选项.修饰不可数名词用a little,故选C.
21.(2021·广西百色·统考中考真题)Uncle Li has a farm, there are sme________ n the farm.
【答案】C
【详解】句意:李叔叔有一个农场,在农场上有一些鸡和羊.
考查名词复数的用法.根据“there are sme…n the farm”可知,农场上会有鸡和羊.sme后接不可数名词或可数名词的复数形式,chicken鸡,复数形式是chickens; sheep羊,复数形式是sheep,故选C.
22.(2021·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题)The pink hair band must belng t ________.
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这个粉红色的发带一定属于Linda.
考查名词和代词.Linda是一个女孩的名字;Linda’s是名词所有格形式;hers是名词性物主代词,意为“她的”.句中使用了短语belng t…“属于……”,后跟名词或人称代词宾格形式作宾语.故选B.
23.(2021·贵州铜仁·统考中考真题)-Yu have a nice huse! Whse rm is this?
-It’s ________.
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你的房子真漂亮！这是谁的房间?——这是Jack和Peter的.
考查名词所有格.Jack and Peter’s是指Jack和Peter两人共同的;Jack’s and Peter’s指Jack和Peter两人各自的;C选项形式错误;Jack and Peter指两个人.根据句中“Whse rm is this”可知,答语中应表示“是……的”,且这里提到的是一个房间,因此应该是Jack和Peter两人共同的.故选A.
24.(2021·山东东营·统考中考真题)-I'm sad t hear that Yuan Lngping passed away.
-S am I. We lst a her. His _______ n hybrid(杂交)rice helped Chinese peple slve the prblem f eating.
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——我听说袁隆平去世了感到很悲伤.——我也是.我们失去了一位英雄.他对杂交水稻的成就帮助中国人解决了吃饭的问题.
考查名词.surveys调查;reprts报告;researches研究;achievements成就.根据“n hybrid rice”可知讲述的是袁隆平的成就,用名词 “achievements”.故选D.
25.(2021·贵州贵阳·统考中考真题)The mvie named A Little Red Flwer shws _________ lve fr their children.
【答案】C
【详解】句意:电影《送你一朵小红花》展现了父母对孩子的爱.
考查所有格.此处表达的是“父母的爱”,parents是以s结尾的复数名词,所有格直接加’即可,故选C.
26.(2021·重庆·统考中考真题)There are many ________ teachers in this primary schl.
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这所小学有许多女教师.
考查复合名词的复数.many修饰名词复数,wman作定语时,wman与被修饰的名词都要变复数,wmen teachers女教师,故选C.
27.(2021·重庆·统考中考真题)June 1st is ________ Day.
【答案】B
【详解】句意:六月一日是儿童节.
考查名词所有格中节日的表达.Children’s Day儿童节,固定表达.故选B.
28.(2021·江苏连云港·统考中考真题)The ________ Lianyungang-Xuzhu High-speed Railway was pen t the public this year.
【答案】C
【详解】句意:长180公里的连云港至徐州高铁今年向公众开放.
考查名词作定语.此处作定语,排除AB;含有连字符的名词短语作定语,名词需要用单数.故选C.
29.(2021·湖南岳阳·统考中考真题)We see sme________ rising int the air at the pening f ur new library.
【答案】A
【详解】句意:在我们新图书馆的开馆仪式上,我们看到一些气球升到空中.
考查名词复数.balln可数名词,此前有sme修饰,使用名词复数,balln的复数是ballns,故选A.
30.(2021·湖北恩施·统考中考真题)My uncle wrks in a hspital, and he is a ______.
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我的叔叔在医院工作,他是一名医生.
考查名词辨析.dctrs医生,复数形式;nurses护士,复数形式;dctr医生,单数形式.冠词a修饰名词的单数形式,故选C.
类别
构成方法
示例
单数名词
加's
Bb's sister Bb的姐姐／妹妹
复数名词
以-s结尾
加'
the bys' bks 男孩子们的书
不以-s结尾
加's
Children's Day儿童节
bench________
brush________
kiss________
fx________
man________
rf________
sheep________
wman________
watch________
family________
day________
eraser________
muse________
fish________
gse________
A. meat
B. bananas
C.ice cream
D. children
A.egg
B. tmates
C. pear
D. banana
A. fruit
B. banana
C. pear
D. tmat
A. sme ranges
B. tw glasses f ranges
C. tw pieces f bread
D. tw glasses f range
A. Kates
B. Kate
C. Kate's
D. Kates'
A. Kate's and Mary's
B. Kate and Mary's
C. Kate and Mary
D. f Kate and Mary
A.20 minutes walk
B.20 minute's walk
C.20 minutes' walks
D.20 minutes' walk
A. clr
B. price
C. size
D. kind
A. canals
B. streets
C. rads
A. water
B. streets
C. bats
A. little
B. much
C. many
A. ride a bike
B. ride a hrse
C. ride in bats
A. sister
B. brthers
C. student
A. sheep
B.cw
C. hrse
A. apples
B. bananas
C. bread
A. panda
B. tiger
C. elephant
A. Child
B. Child’s
C. Children
D. Children’s
A. Germans
B. German
C. Germany
D. Germans’
A.egg
B. juice
C. milk teas
A. rainy
B. rain
C. raining
A. traditin
B. cnditin
C. psitin
D. situatin
A. Tny and Peter’s
B. Tny’s and Peter
C. Tny’s and Peter’s
A. changes; is
B. change; is
C. changes; are
A. telephne
B. drbell
C. clck
D. bike
A. instructins
B. instruments
C. interviews
D. inventins
A. wman teacher
B. wman teachers
C. wmen teachers
D. wmen teacher
A. treasure
B. reslutin
C. pleasure
D. standard
A. infrmatin
B. prnunciatin
C. intrductin
D. cmmunicatin
A. Tina and Nina’s
B. Tina’s and Nina
C. Tina and Nina
D. Tina’s and Nina’s
A.egg
B. beef
C. banana
D. ptat
A. man teachers
B. men teachers
C. wman teachers
D. wmen teacher
A. a few infrmatins
B. a little infrmatins
C. a little infrmatin
D. a few infrmatin
A. chicken and sheep
B. chickens and sheeps
C. chickens and sheep
D. chicken and sheeps
A. Linda’s
B. Linda
C. hers
A. Jack and Peter’s
B. Jack’s and Peter’s
C. Jack’s and Peter
D. Jack and Peter
A. surveys
B. reprts
C. researches
D. achievements
A. parents
B. parent’s
C. parents’
A. wman
B. wman’s
C. wmen
D. wmen’s
A. Children
B. Children’s
C. Child
D. Child’s
A.180 kilmeter lng
B.180 kilmeters lng
C.180-kilmeter-lng
D.180-kilmeters-lng
A. ballns
B. balln
C. ballnes
A. dctrs
B. nurses
C. dctr