新高考英语一轮复习专题一阅读理解练习含答案

这是一份新高考英语一轮复习专题一阅读理解练习含答案，共182页。试卷主要包含了75，50 per sessin等内容，欢迎下载使用。
新高考题组
题组一
Passage 1(2023新课标Ⅰ,A)主题：社会服务
Bike Rental & Guided Turs
Welcme t Amsterdam, welcme t MacBike. Yu see much mre frm the seat f a bike! Cycling is the mst ecnmical, sustainable and fun way t explre the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and cuntless lights. Yu can als bike alng lvely landscapes utside f Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been arund fr almst 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental cmpany in Amsterdam. With ver 2,500 bikes stred in ur five rental shps at strategic lcatins, we make sure there is always a bike available fr yu. We ffer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with ft brake(刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears(排挡), bikes with child seats, and children's bikes.
Prices
Guided City Turs
The 2.5-hur tur cvers the Gyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much mre. The tur departs frm Dam Square every hur n the hur, starting at 1:00 pm every day. Yu can buy yur ticket in a MacBike shp r bk nline.
1. What is an advantage f MacBike?
A. It gives children a discunt. B. It ffers many types f bikes.
C. It rganizes free cycle turs. D. It has ver 2,500 rental shps.
2. Hw much d yu pay fr renting a bike with hand brake and three gears fr tw days?
A. 15.75. B. 19.50. C. 22.75. D. 29.50.
3. Where des the guided city tur start?
A. The Gyer Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square.
答案
1. B 2. C 3. D
Passage 2(2023新课标Ⅰ,B)主题：环境保护
When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right cmbinatin f animals and plants, he figured, maybe he culd clean up waste the way nature did. He decided t build what he wuld later call an ec-machine.
The task Jhn set fr himself was t remve harmful substances frm sme sludge(污泥). First, he cnstructed a series f clear fiberglass tanks cnnected t each ther. Then he went arund t lcal pnds and streams and brught back sme plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds f life gt used t ne anther and frmed their wn ecsystem. After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China.
“Eclgical design” is the name Jhn gives t what he des. “Life n Earth is kind f a bx f spare parts fr the inventr,” he says. “Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what's happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair.”
1. What can we learn abut Jhn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A. He was fnd f traveling. B. He enjyed being alne.
C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He lnged t be a dctr.
2. Why did Jhn put the sludge int the tanks?
A. T feed the animals. B. T build an ecsystem.
C. T prtect the plants. D. T test the ec-machine.
3. What is the authr's purpse in mentining Fuzhu?
A. T review Jhn's research plans. B. T shw an applicatin f Jhn's idea.
C. T cmpare Jhn's different jbs. D. T erase dubts abut Jhn's inventin.
4. What is the basis fr Jhn's wrk?
A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water t survive.
C. Life n Earth is diverse. D. Mst tiny creatures live in grups.
答案
1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A
Passage 3(2023新课标Ⅰ,C)主题：健康生活
The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it's right fr yu.
T d s, I divided the bk int tw parts. In part ne, I describe the philsphical fundatins f digital minimalism, starting with an examinatin f the frces that are making s many peple's digital lives increasingly intlerable, befre mving n t a detailed discussin f the digital minimalism philsphy.
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
In the final chapter f part ne, I'll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter. In ding s, I'll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter. Yu'll hear these participants' stries and learn what strategies wrked well fr them, and what traps they encuntered that yu shuld avid.
The secnd part f this bk takes a clser lk at sme ideas that will help yu cultivate(培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the imprtance f slitude(独处) and the necessity f cultivating high-quality leisure t replace the time mst nw spend n mindless device use. Each chapter cncludes with a cllectin f practices, which are designed t help yu act n the big ideas f the chapter. Yu can view these practices as a tlbx meant t aid yur effrts t build a minimalist lifestyle that wrks fr yur particular circumstances.
1. What is the bk aimed at?
A. Teaching critical thinking skills. B. Advcating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Slving philsphical prblems. D. Prmting the use f a digital device.
2. What des the underlined wrd “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up. B. Add-n.
C. Check-in. D. Take-ver.
3. What is presented in the final chapter f part ne?
A. Theretical mdels. B. Statistical methds.
C. Practical examples. D. Histrical analyses.
4. What des the authr suggest readers d with the practices ffered in part tw?
A. Use them as needed. B. Recmmend them t friends.
C. Evaluate their effects. D. Identify the ideas behind them.
答案
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A
Passage 4(2023新课标Ⅰ,D)主题：社会交往
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galtn published a paper which illustrated what has cme t be knwn as the “wisdm f crwds” effect. The experiment f estimatin he cnducted shwed that in sme cases, the average f a large number f independent estimates culd be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren't always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and sme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn't cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple's estimates be independent. If, fr whatever reasns, peple's errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.
But a new study led by Jaquin Navajas ffered an interesting twist(转折) n this classic phenmenn. The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals. Fr instance, the average btained frm the estimates f fur discussin grups f five was significantly mre accurate than the average btained frm 20 independent individuals.
In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds?This happened sme f the time, but it wasn't the dminant respnse. Mst frequently, the grups reprted that they “shared arguments and reasned tgether.” Smehw, these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr.
Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.
1. What is paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?
A. The methds f estimatin. B. The underlying lgic f the effect.
C. The causes f peple's errrs. D. The design f Galtn's experiment.
2. Navajas' study fund that the average accuracy culd increase even if .
A. the crwds were relatively small B. there were ccasinal underestimates
C. individuals did nt cmmunicate D. estimates were nt fully independent
3. What did the fllw-up study fcus n?
A. The size f the grups. B. The dminant members.
C. The discussin prcess. D. The individual estimates.
4. What is the authr's attitude tward Navajas' studies?
A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Dubtful. D. Apprving.
答案
1. B 2. D 3. C 4. D
题组二
Passage 5(2023新课标Ⅱ,A)主题：环境保护
Yellwstne Natinal Park ffers a variety f ranger prgrams thrughut the park, and thrughut the year. The fllwing are descriptins f the ranger prgrams this summer.
Experiencing Wildlife in Yellwstne (May 26 t September 2)
Whether yu're hiking a backcuntry trail (小径), camping, r just enjying the park's amazing wildlife frm the rad, this quick wrkshp is fr yu and yur family. Learn where t lk fr animals and hw t safely enjy yur wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyn Village Stre.
Junir Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 t August 21)
Kids can test their skills and cmpare their abilities t the animals f Yellwstne. Stay fr as little r as lng as yur plans allw. Meet in frnt f the Visitr Educatin Center.
Canyn Talks at Artist Pint (June 9 t September 2)
Frm a classic viewpint, enjy Lwer Falls, the Yellwstne River, and the breathtaking clrs f the canyn (峡谷) while learning abut the area's natural and human histry. Discver why artists and phtgraphers cntinue t be drawn t this special place. Meet n the lwer platfrm at Artist Pint n the Suth Rim Drive fr this shrt talk.
Phtgraphy Wrkshps (June 19 & July 10)
Enhance yur phtgraphy skills—jin Yellwstne's park phtgrapher fr a hands-n prgram t inspire new and creative ways f enjying the beauty and wnder f Yellwstne.
6/19—Waterfalls & Wide Angles: meet at Artist Pint.
7/10—Wildflwers & White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
1. Which f the fur prgrams begins the earliest?
A. Phtgraphy Wrkshps.
B. Junir Ranger Wildlife Olympics.
C. Canyn Talks at Artist Pint.
D. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellwstne.
2. What is the shrt talk at Artist Pint abut?
A. Wrks f famus artists. B. Prtectin f wild animals.
C. Basic phtgraphy skills. D. Histry f the canyn area.
3. Where will the participants meet fr the July 10 phtgraphy wrkshp?
A. Artist Pint. B. Washburn Trailhead.
C. Canyn Village Stre. D. Visitr Educatin Center.
答案
1. D 2. D 3. B
Passage 6(2023新课标Ⅱ,B)主题：健康生活
Turning sil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sund like tugh wrk fr middle and high schl kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgram at fur lw-incme schls. The prgram aims t help students develp science skills, envirnmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramill's students live in neighbrhds where fresh fd and green space are nt easy t find and fast fd restaurants utnumber grcery stres. “The kids literally cme t schl with bags f snacks and large bttles f sft drinks,” she says. “They cme t us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Thugh sme are initially scared f the insects and turned ff by the dirt, mst are eager t try smething new.
Urban Spruts' classes, at tw middle schls and tw high schls, include hands-n experiments such as sil testing, flwer-and-seed dissectin, tastings f fresh r dried prduce, and wrk in the garden. Several times a year, students ck the vegetables they grw, and they ccasinally make salads fr their entire schls.
Prgram evaluatins shw that kids eat mre vegetables as a result f the classes. “We have students wh say they went hme and talked t their parents and nw they're eating differently,”Jaramill says.
She adds that the prgram's benefits g beynd nutritin. Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens. Besides, wrking in the garden seems t have a calming effect n Jaramill's special educatin students, many f whm have emtinal cntrl issues. “They get utside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
1. What d we knw abut Abby Jaramill?
A. She used t be a health wrker. B. She grew up in a lw-incme family.
C. She wns a fast fd restaurant. D. She is an initiatr f Urban Spruts.
2. What was a prblem facing Jaramill at the start f the prgram?
A. The kids' parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time fr her classes.
C. Sme kids disliked garden wrk. D. There was n space fr schl gardens.
3. Which f the fllwing best describes the impact f the prgram?
A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable.C. Shrt-lived. D. Unidentifiable.
4. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Rescuing Schl Gardens B. Experiencing Cuntry Life
C. Grwing Vegetable Lvers D. Changing Lcal Landscape
答案
1. D 2. C 3. A 4. C
Passage 7(2023新课标Ⅱ,C)主题：文学
Reading Art:Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject—the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld. The image f the reader appears thrughut histry, in art made lng befre bks as we nw knw them came int being. In artists' representatins f bks and reading, we see mments f shared humanity that g beynd culture and time.
In this “bk f bks,” artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. Adults are prtrayed (描绘) alne in many settings and pses—absrbed in a vlume, deep in thught r lst in a mment f leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments we can all relate t.
Bks themselves may be used symblically in paintings t demnstrate the intellect(才智), wealth r faith f the subject. Befre the wide use f the printing press, bks were treasured bjects and culd be wrks f art in their wn right. Mre recently, as bks have becme inexpensive r even thrwaway,artists have used them as the raw material fr artwrks—transfrming cvers, pages r even cmplete vlumes int paintings and sculptures.
Cntinued develpments in cmmunicatin technlgies were nce believed t make the printed page utdated. Frm a 21st-century pint f view, the printed bk is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-pwered e-reader. T serve its functin, a bk must be activated by a user: the cver pened, the pages parted, the cntents reviewed, perhaps ntes written dwn r wrds underlined. And in cntrast t ur increasingly netwrked lives where the infrmatin we cnsume is mnitred and tracked, a printed bk still ffers the chance f a whlly private, “ff-line” activity.
1. Where is the text mst prbably taken frm?
A. An intrductin t a bk. B. An essay n the art f writing.
C. A guidebk t a museum. D. A review f mdern paintings.
2. What are the selected artwrks abut?
A. Wealth and intellect. B. Hme and schl.
C. Bks and reading. D. Wrk and leisure.
3. What d the underlined wrds “relate t” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Understand. B. Paint. C. Seize. D. Transfrm.
4. What des the authr want t say by mentining the e-reader?
A. The printed bk is nt ttally ut f date.
B. Technlgy has changed the way we read.
C. Our lives in the 21st century are netwrked.
D. Peple nw rarely have the patience t read.
答案
1. A 2. C 3. A 4. A
Passage 8(2023新课标Ⅱ,D)主题：人与环境
As cities balln with grwth, access t nature fr peple living in urban areas is becming harder t find. If yu're lucky, there might be a pcket park near where yu live, but it's unusual t find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has fund health and wellness benefits f nature fr humans, but a new study shws that wildness in urban areas is extremely imprtant fr human well-being.
The research team fcused n a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-gers, asking them t submit a written summary nline f a meaningful interactin they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissins, cding(编码) experiences int different categries. Fr example, ne participant's experience f “We sat and listened t the waves at the beach fr a while” was assigned the categries “sitting at beach” and “listening t waves.”
Acrss the 320 submissins, a pattern f categries the researchers call a “nature language” began t emerge. After the cding f all submissins, half a dzen categries were nted mst ften as imprtant t visitrs. These include encuntering wildlife, walking alng the edge f water, and fllwing an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps peple recgnize and take part in the activities that are mst satisfying and meaningful t them. Fr example, the experience f walking alng the edge f water might be satisfying fr a yung prfessinal n a weekend hike in the park. Back dwntwn during a wrkday, they can enjy a mre dmestic frm f this interactin by walking alng a funtain n their lunch break.
“We're trying t generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactins back int ur daily lives. And fr that t happen, we als need t prtect nature s that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senir authr f the study.
1. What phenmenn des the authr describe at the beginning f the text?
A. Pcket parks are nw ppular. B. Wild nature is hard t find in cities.
C. Many cities are verppulated. D. Peple enjy living clse t nature.
2. Why did the researchers cde participant submissins int categries?
A. T cmpare different types f park-gers. B. T explain why the park attracts turists.
C. T analyze the main features f the park. D. T find patterns in the visitrs' summaries.
3. What can we learn frm the example given in paragraph 5?
A. Walking is the best way t gain access t nature.
B. Yung peple are t busy t interact with nature.
C. The same nature experience takes different frms.
D. The nature language enhances wrk perfrmance.
4. What shuld be dne befre we can interact with nature accrding t Kahn?
A. Language study. B. Envirnmental cnservatin.
C. Public educatin. D. Intercultural cmmunicatin.
答案
1. B 2. D 3. C 4. B
题组三
Passage 9(2022新高考Ⅰ,A)主题：学校生活
Grading Plicies fr Intrductin t Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A;80-89, B;70-79, C;60-69, D;Belw 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Yur fur majr essays will cmbine t frm the main part f the grade fr this curse:Essay 1=10%;Essay 2=15%;Essay 3=15%;Essay 4=20%.
Grup Assignments (30%)
Students will wrk in grups t cmplete fur assignments during the curse. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date thrugh Blackbard, ur nline learning and curse management system.
Daily Wrk/In-Class Writings and Tests/Grup Wrk/Hmewrk (10%)
Class activities will vary frm day t day, but students must be ready t cmplete shrt in-class writings r tests drawn directly frm assigned readings r ntes frm the previus class' lecture/discussin, s it is imprtant t take careful ntes during class. Additinally, frm time t time I will assign grup wrk t be cmpleted in class r shrt assignments t be cmpleted at hme, bth f which will be graded.
Late Wrk
An essay nt submitted in class n the due date will lse a letter grade fr each class perid it is late. If it is nt turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zer. Daily assignments nt cmpleted during class will get a zer. Shrt writings missed as a result f an excused absence will be accepted.
1. Where is this text prbably taken frm?
A. A textbk. B. An exam paper.
C. A curse plan. D. An academic article.
2. Hw many parts is a student's final grade made up f?
A. Tw. B. Three. C. Fur. D. Five.
3. What will happen if yu submit an essay ne week after the due date?
A. Yu will receive a zer. B. Yu will lse a letter grade.
C. Yu will be given a test. D. Yu will have t rewrite it.
答案
1. C 2. B 3. A
Passage 10(2022新高考Ⅰ,B)主题：环境保护
Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste. The arugula(芝麻菜) was t make a nice green salad, runding ut a rast chicken dinner. But I ended up wrking late. Then friends called with a dinner invitatin. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much;I culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.
In a wrld where nearly 800 millin peple a year g hungry, “fd waste ges against the mral grain,” as Elizabeth Ryte writes in this mnth's cver stry. It's jaw-drpping hw much perfectly gd fd is thrwn away—frm “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grcers t large amunts f uneaten dishes thrwn int restaurant garbage cans.
Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther resurces used t grw it. That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem. In fact, Ryte writes, “if fd waste were a cuntry, it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.”
If that's hard t understand, let's keep it as simple as the arugula at the back f my refrigeratr. Mike Curtin sees my arugula stry all the time—but fr him, it's mre like 12 bxes f dnated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO f DC Central Kitchen in Washingtn, D.C., which recvers fd and turns it int healthy meals. Last year it recvered mre than 807,500 punds f fd by taking dnatins and cllecting blemished(有瑕疵的) prduce that therwise wuld have rtted(腐烂) in fields. And the strawberries? Vlunteers will wash, cut, and freeze r dry them fr use in meals dwn the rad.
Such methds seem bvius, yet s ften we just dn't think. “Everyne can play a part in reducing waste, whether by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping r by asking restaurants t nt include the side dish yu wn't eat,” Curtin says.
1. What des the authr want t shw by telling the arugula stry?
A. We pay little attentin t fd waste. B. We waste fd unintentinally at times.
C. We waste mre vegetables than meat. D. We have gd reasns fr wasting fd.
2. What is a cnsequence f fd waste accrding t the text?
A. Mral decline. B. Envirnmental harm.
C. Energy shrtage. D. Wrldwide starvatin.
3. What des Curtin's cmpany d?
A. It prduces kitchen equipment. B. It turns rtten arugula int clean fuel.
C. It helps lcal farmers grw fruits. D. It makes meals ut f unwanted fd.
4. What des Curtin suggest peple d?
A. Buy nly what is needed. B. Reduce fd cnsumptin.
C. G shpping nce a week. D. Eat in restaurants less ften.
答案
1. B 2. B 3. D 4. A
Passage 11(2022新高考Ⅰ,C)主题：社会服务
The elderly residents in care hmes in Lndn are being given hens t lk after t stp them feeling lnely.
The prject was dreamed up by a lcal charity t reduce lneliness and imprve elderly peple's wellbeing. It is als being used t help patients suffering dementia, a serius illness f the mind. Staff in care hmes have reprted a reductin in the use f medicine where hens are in use.
Amng thse taking part in the prject is 80-year-ld Ruth Xavier. She said:“I used t keep hens when I was yunger and had t prepare their breakfast each mrning befre I went t schl.
“I like the prject a lt. I am dwn there in my wheelchair in the mrning letting the hens ut and dwn there again at night t see they've gne t bed.
“It's gd t have a different fcus. Peple have been bringing their children in t see the hens and residents cme and sit utside t watch them. I'm enjying the creative activities, and it feels great t have dne smething useful.”
There are nw 700 elderly peple lking after hens in 20 care hmes in the Nrth East, and the charity has been given financial supprt t rll it ut cuntrywide.
Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said:“Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.”
Lynn Lewis, directr f Ntting Hill Pathways, said:“We are happy t be taking part in the prject. It will really help cnnect ur residents thrugh a shared interest and creative activities.”
1. What is the purpse f the prject?
A. T ensure harmny in care hmes.
B. T prvide part-time jbs fr the aged.
C. T raise mney fr medical research.
D. T prmte the elderly peple's welfare.
2. Hw has the prject affected Ruth Xavier?
A. She has learned new life skills.
B. She has gained a sense f achievement.
C. She has recvered her memry.
D. She has develped a strng persnality.
3. What d the underlined wrds“embark n” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Imprve. B. Oppse. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
4. What can we learn abut the prject frm the last tw paragraphs?
A. It is well received. B. It needs t be mre creative.
C. It is highly prfitable. D. It takes ages t see the results.
答案
1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A
Passage 12(2022新高考Ⅰ,D)主题：人类文明
Human speech cntains mre than 2,000 different sunds, frm the cmmn “m” and “a” t the rare clicks f sme suthern African languages. But why are certain sunds mre cmmn than thers? A grund-breaking, five-year study shws that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds that are nw fund in half the wrld's languages.
Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f”and“v”, were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Dami?n Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.
They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned(对齐), making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip(嘴唇)t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure, making it easier t prduce such sunds.
The team shwed that this change in bite was cnnected with the develpment f agriculture in the Nelithic perid. Fd became easier t chew at this pint. The jawbne didn't have t d as much wrk and s didn't grw t be s large.
Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.
This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved(进化) arund 300,000 years ag. “The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,” said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.
1. Which aspect f the human speech sund des Dami?n Blasi's research fcus n?
A. Its variety. B. Its distributin. C. Its quantity. D. Its develpment.
2. Why was it difficult fr ancient human adults t prduce labidentals?
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lwer teeth.
B. They culd nt pen and clse their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were nt cnveniently structured.
D. Their lwer frnt teeth were nt large enugh.
3. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A. Supprting evidence fr the research results.
B. Ptential applicatin f the research findings.
C. A further explanatin f the research methds.
D. A reasnable dubt abut the research prcess.
4. What des Steven Mran say abut the set f human speech sunds?
A. It is key t effective cmmunicatin. B. It cntributes much t cultural diversity.
C. It is a cmplex and dynamic system. D. It drives the evlutin f human beings.
答案
1. D 2. C 3. A 4. C
题组四
Passage 13(2022新高考Ⅱ,A)主题：社会服务
Children's Discvery Museum
General Infrmatin abut Grup Play
Pricing
Grup Play $7/persn
Schlarships
We ffer schlarships t lw-incme schls and yuth rganizatins, subject t availability. Participatin in a pst-visit survey is required.
Schlarships are fr Grup Play admissin fees and/r transprtatin. Transprtatin invices(发票) must be received within 60 days f yur visit t guarantee the schlarship.
Grup Size
We require ne chaperne(监护人) per ten children. Failure t prvide enugh chapernes will result in an extra charge f $50 per absent adult.
Grup Play is fr grups f 10 r mre with a limit f 35 peple. Fr grups f 35 r mre, please call t discuss ptins.
Hurs
The Museum is pen daily frm 9:30 am t 4:30 pm.
Grup Play may be scheduled during any day r time the Museum is pen.
Registratin Plicy
Registratin must be made at least tw weeks in advance.
Register nline r fill ut a Grup Play Registratin Frm with multiple date and start time ptins.
Once the registratin frm is received and prcessed, we will send a cnfirmatin email within tw business days.
Guidelines
●Teachers and chapernes shuld mdel gd behavir fr the grup and remain with students at all times.
●Children are nt allwed unaccmpanied in all areas f the Museum.
●Children shuld play nicely with each ther and exhibits.
●Use yur indr vice when at the Museum.
1. What des a grup need t d if they are ffered a schlarship?
A. Prepay the admissin fees. B. Use the Museum's transprtatin.
C. Take a survey after the visit. D. Schedule their visit n weekdays.
2. Hw many chapernes are needed fr a grup f 30 children t visit the Museum?
A. One. B. Tw. C. Three. D. Fur.
3. What are children prhibited frm ding at the Museum?
A. Using the cmputer. B. Talking with each ther.
C. Tuching the exhibits. D. Explring the place alne.
答案
1. C 2. C 3. D
Passage 14(2022新高考Ⅱ,B)主题：科技发展
We jurnalists live in a new age f strytelling, with many new multimedia tls. Many yung peple dn't even realize it's new. Fr them, it's just nrmal.
This hit hme fr me as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday. I had brught a children's bk t read. It had simple wrds and clrful pictures—a perfect match fr his age.
Picture this: my grandsn sitting n my lap as I hld the bk in frnt s he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches ut and pkes(戳) the page with his finger.
What's up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thught. Then I turned the page and cntinued. He pked the page even harder. I nearly drpped the bk. I was cnfused: Is there smething wrng with this kid?
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger t bks. His father frequently amused the by with a tablet cmputer which was laded with clrful pictures that cme alive when yu pke them. He thught my strybk was like that.
Srry, kid. This bk is nt part f yur high-tech wrld. It's an utdated, lifeless thing. An antique. Like yur grandfather. Well, I may be ld, but I'm nt hpelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit vide and prduce audi. I use mbile payment. I've even built websites.
There's ne ntable gap in my new-media experience, hwever: I've spent little time in frnt f a camera, since I have a face made fr radi. But that didn't stp China Daily frm asking me last week t share a persnal stry fr a vide prject abut the integratin f Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei prvince.
Anyway, grandpa is nw an internet star—tw minutes f fame! I prmise nt t let it g t my head. But I will make sure my 2-year-ld grandsn sees it n his tablet.
1. What d the underlined wrds “hit hme fr me” mean in paragraph 2?
A. Prvided shelter fr me. B. Became very clear t me.
C. Tk the pressure ff me. D. Wrked quite well n me.
2. Why did the kid pke the strybk?
A. He tk it fr a tablet cmputer. B. He disliked the clrful pictures.
C. He was angry with his grandpa. D. He wanted t read it by himself.
3. What des the authr think f himself?
A. Scially ambitius. B. Physically attractive.
C. Financially independent. D. Digitally cmpetent.
4. What can we learn abut the authr as a jurnalist?
A. He lacks experience in his jb. B. He seldm appears n televisin.
C. He manages a vide department. D. He ften interviews internet stars.
答案
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B
Passage 15(2022新高考Ⅱ,C)主题：社会热点问题
Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using scial netwrks and taking phts. Rad accidents, which had fallen fr years, are nw rising sharply.
That is partly because peple are driving mre, but Mark Rsekind, the chief f the Natinal Highway Traffic Safety Administratin, said distracted(分心) driving was “nly increasing, unfrtunately.”
“Big change requires big ideas,” he said in a speech last mnth, referring bradly t the need t imprve rad safety. S t try t change a distinctly mdern behavir, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back t an ld apprach: They want t treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea frm lawmakers in New Yrk is t give plice fficers a new device called the Textalyzer. It wuld wrk like this: An fficer arriving at the scene f a crash culd ask fr the phnes f the drivers and use the Textalyzer t check in the perating system fr recent activity. The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk's hands-free driving laws.
“We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir,” said Félix W. Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state's 2001 ban n hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, “peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne.”
1. Which f the fllwing best describes the ban n drivers' texting in the US?
A. Ineffective. B. Unnecessary. C. Incnsistent. D. Unfair.
2. What can the Textalyzer help a plice fficer find ut?
A. Where a driver came frm.
B. Whether a driver used their phne.
C. Hw fast a driver was ging.
D. When a driver arrived at the scene.
3. What des the underlined wrd “smething” in the last paragraph refer t?
A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws.
4. What is a suitable title fr the text?
A. T Drive r Nt t Drive? Think Befre Yu Start
B. Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the Textalyzer
C. New Yrk Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers
D. The Next Generatin Cell Phne:The Textalyzer
答案
1. A 2. B 3. D 4. B
Passage 16(2022新高考Ⅱ,D)主题：健康生活
As we age, even if we're healthy, the heart just isn't as efficient in prcessing xygen as it used t be. In mst peple the first signs shw up in their 50s r early 60s. And amng peple wh dn't exercise, the changes can start even sner.
“Think f a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer fr 20 years and it will becme dry and easily brken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University f Texas. That's what happens t the heart. Frtunately fr thse in midlife, Levine is finding that even if yu haven't been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape nw may help imprve yur aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected vlunteers aged between 45 and 64 wh did nt exercise much but were therwise healthy. Participants were randmly divided int tw grups. The first grup participated in a prgram f nnaerbic(无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The secnd grup did high-intensity aerbic exercise under the guidance f a trainer fr fur r mre days a week. After tw years, the secnd grup saw remarkable imprvements in heart health.
“We tk these 50-year-ld hearts and turned the clck back t 30-r 35-year-ld hearts,” says Levine. “And the reasn they gt s much strnger and fitter was that their hearts culd nw fill a lt better and pump(泵送) a lt mre bld during exercise.” But the hearts f thse wh participated in less intense exercise didn't change, he says.
“The sweet spt in life t start exercising, if yu haven't already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-lds thrugh a yearlng exercise training prgram, and nthing happened t them at all.”
Dr. Nieca Gldberg, a spkeswman fr the American Heart Assciatin, says Levine's findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs t be repeated with far larger grups f peple t determine exactly which aspects f an exercise rutine make the biggest difference.
1. What des Levine want t explain by mentining the rubber band?
A. The right way f exercising. B. The causes f a heart attack.
C. The difficulty f keeping fit. D. The aging prcess f the heart.
2. In which aspect were the tw grups different in terms f research design?
A. Diet plan. B. Prfessinal backgrund.
C. Exercise type. D. Previus physical cnditin.
3. What des Levine's research find?
A. Middle-aged hearts get yunger with aerbic exercise.
B. High-intensity exercise is mre suitable fr the yung.
C. It is never t late fr peple t start taking exercise.
D. The mre exercise we d, the strnger ur hearts get.
4. What des Dr. Nieca Gldberg suggest?
A. Making use f the findings. B. Interviewing the study participants.
C. Cnducting further research. D. Clarifying the purpse f the study.
答案
1. D 2. C 3. A 4. C
题组五
Passage 17(2021新高考Ⅰ,A)主题：社会服务
Rme can be pricey fr travelers, which is why many chse t stay in a hstel(旅社). The hstels in Rme ffer a bed in a drm rm fr arund $25 a night, and fr that, yu'll ften get t stay in a central lcatin(位置) with security and cmfrt.
Yellw Hstel
If I had t make just ne recmmendatin fr where t stay in Rme, it wuld be Yellw Hstel. It's ne f the best-rated hstels in the city, and fr gd reasn. It's affrdable, and it's gt a fun atmsphere withut being t nisy. As an added bnus, it's clse t the main train statin.
Hstel Alessandr Palace
If yu lve scial hstels, this is the best hstel fr yu in Rme. Hstel Alessandr Palace is fun. Staff members hld plenty f bar events fr guests like free shts, bar crawls and karake. There's als an area n the rftp fr hanging ut with ther travelers during the summer.
Yuth Statin Hstel
If yu're lking fr cleanliness and a mdern hstel, lk n further than Yuth Statin. It ffers beautiful furnishings and beds. There are plenty f ther benefits, t; it desn't charge city tax; it has bth air cnditining and a heater fr the rms; it als has free Wi-Fi in every rm.
Htel and Hstel Des Artistes
Htel and Hstel Des Artistes is lcated just a 10-minute walk frm the central city statin and it's clse t all f the city's main attractins. The staff is friendly and helpful, prviding yu with a map f the city when yu arrive, and ffering advice if yu require sme. Hwever, yu need t pay 2 eurs a day fr Wi-Fi.
1. What is prbably the majr cncern f travelers wh chse t stay in a hstel?
A. Cmfrt. B. Security. C. Price. D. Lcatin.
2. Which htel best suits peple wh enjy an active scial life?
A. Yellw Hstel.B. Hstel Alessandr Palace.
C. Yuth Statin Hstel.D. Htel and Hstel Des Artistes.
3. What is the disadvantage f Htel and Hstel Des Artistes?
A. It gets nisy at night. B. Its staff is t talkative.
C. It charges fr Wi-Fi. D. It's incnveniently lcated.
答案
1. C 2. B 3. C
Passage 18(2021新高考Ⅰ,B)主题：丰富自我
By day, Rbert Tittertn is a lawyer. In his spare time thugh he ges n stage beside pianist Maria Rasppva—nt as a musician but as her page turner. “I'm nt a trained musician, but I've learnt t read music s I can help Maria in her perfrmance.”
Mr Tittertn is chairman f the Omega Ensemble but has been the grup's fficial page turner fr the past fur years. His jb is t sit beside the pianist and turn the pages f the scre s the musician desn't have t break the flw f sund by ding it themselves. He said he became just as nervus as thse playing instruments n stage.
“A lt f skills are needed fr the jb. Yu have t make sure yu dn't turn tw pages at nce and make sure yu find the repeats in the music when yu have t g back t the right spt,”Mr Tittertn explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty f practice. Sme pieces f music can g fr 40 minutes and require up t 50 page turns, including back turns fr repeat passages. Silent nstage cmmunicatin is key, and each pianist has their wn style f “ndding” t indicate a page turn which they need t practise with their page turner.
But like all perfrmances, there are mments when things g wrng. “I was turning the page t get ready fr the next page, but the draft wind frm the turn caused the spare pages t fall ff the stand,” Mr Tittertn said. “Luckily I was able t catch them and put them back.”
Mst page turners are pian students r up-and-cming cncert pianists, althugh Ms Rasppva has nce asked her husband t help her ut n stage.
“My husband is the wrst page turner,” she laughed. “He's interested in the music, feeling every nte, and I have t say:‘Turn, turn!’”“Rbert is the best page turner I've had in my entire life.”
1. What shuld Tittertn be able t d t be a page turner?
A. Read music. B. Play the pian. C. Sing sngs. D. Fix the instruments.
2. Which f the fllwing best describes Tittertn's jb n stage?
A. Bring. B. Well-paid. C. Demanding. D. Dangerus.
3. What des Tittertn need t practise?
A. Cunting the pages. B. Recgnizing the “ndding”.
C. Catching falling bjects. D. Perfrming in his wn style.
4. Why is Ms Rasppva's husband “the wrst page turner”?
A. He has very pr eyesight. B. He ignres the audience.
C. He has n interest in music. D. He frgets t d his jb.
答案
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D
Passage 19(2021新高考Ⅰ,C)主题：环境保护
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl(水禽) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat(栖息地).
In 1934,with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry(迁徙的)waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival. Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, Iwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival f ur natural resurces.
Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme. Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.
1. What was a cause f the waterfwl ppulatin decline in Nrth America?
A. Lss f wetlands. B. Ppularity f water sprts.
C. Pllutin f rivers. D. Arrival f ther wild animals.
2. What des the underlined wrd “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire. B. Exprt. C. Destry. D. Distribute.
3. What is a direct result f the Act passed in 1934?
A. The stamp price has gne dwn.
B. The migratry birds have flwn away.
C. The hunters have stpped hunting.
D. The gvernment has cllected mney.
4. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Stry B. The Natinal Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits f Saving Waterfwl D. The Histry f Migratry Bird Hunting
答案
1. A 2. C 3. D 4. A
Passage 20(2021新高考Ⅰ,D)主题：完善自我
Ppularizatin has in sme cases changed the riginal meaning f emtinal(情感的)intelligence. Many peple nw misunderstand emtinal intelligence as almst everything desirable in a persn's makeup that cannt be measured by an IQ test, such as character, mtivatin, cnfidence, mental stability, ptimism and “peple skills.” Research has shwn that emtinal skills may cntribute t sme f these qualities, but mst f them mve far beynd skill-based emtinal intelligence.
We prefer t describe emtinal intelligence as a specific set f skills that can be used fr either gd r bad purpses. The ability t accurately understand hw thers are feeling may be used by a dctr t find hw best t help her patients, while a cheater might use it t cntrl ptential victims.Being emtinally intelligent des nt necessarily make ne a mral persn.
Althugh ppular beliefs regarding emtinal intelligence run far ahead f what research can reasnably supprt, the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful. The mst psitive aspect f this ppularizatin is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) n emtin by emplyers,educatrs and thers interested in prmting scial well-being. The ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence has helped bth the public and researchers re-evaluate the functinality f emtins and hw they serve peple adaptively in everyday life.
Althugh the cntinuing ppular appeal f emtinal intelligence is desirable, we hpe that such attentin will excite a greater interest in the scientific and schlarly study f emtin. It is ur hpe that in cming decades, advances in science will ffer new perspectives(视角)frm which t study hw peple manage their lives. Emtinal intelligence, with its fcus n bth head and heart, may serve t pint us in the right directin.
1. What is a cmmn misunderstanding f emtinal intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test.
B. It helps t exercise a persn's mind.
C. It includes a set f emtinal skills.
D. It refers t a persn's psitive qualities.
2. Why des the authr mentin “dctr” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. T explain a rule. B. T clarify a cncept.
C. T present a fact. D. T make a predictin.
3. What is the authr's attitude t the ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence?
A. Favrable. B. Intlerant. C. Dubtful. D. Unclear.
4. What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut cncerning emtinal intelligence?
A. Its appeal t the public. B. Expectatins fr future studies.
C. Its practical applicatin. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
答案
1. D 2. B 3. A 4. B
题组六
Passage 21(2021新高考Ⅱ,A)主题：完善自我
Things t D in Yrkshire This Summer
Harrgate Music Festival
Since its birth, Harrgate Music Festival has gne frm strength t strength. This year, we are celebrating ur 50th anniversary. We begin n 1st June with Manchester Camerata and Nicla Benedetti, presenting an amazing prgramme f Mzart pieces.
Dates:1 June-31 July Tickets:￡12-￡96
Jdie's Fitness Summer Classes
As the summer mnths rll in, ur Gergian cuntry estate makes the perfect setting fr an utdr fitness sessin. Cme and wrk ut with ur qualified persnal trainer, Jdie McGregr, n the grunds f the Middletn Ldge estate.
We will be hlding a free taster sessin n 23rd May, at 10 am, t demnstrate the variety f effective and active exercises. There are eight spaces available fr the taster sessin. Advance bkings are required (inf@).
Dates: 23 May-11 July Tickets:￡7.50 per sessin
Felt Picture Making
Wrking frm an inspiratinal picture, this wrkshp at Helmsley Arts Centre will teach yu the techniques yu will need t recreate yur picture in wl.
We will als discuss the rigins f felt (毛毡), what enables wl fibres t becme felt and hw the prcesses we use wrk.
Dates: 12 June-12 July Tickets:￡40 including materials
Figure It Out!—Playing with Math
A new exhibitin in Halifax uses everyday activities t explain the hidden math principles we all use n a regular basis. Pack a bag, cut a cake, guess which juice cntainer hlds the mst liquid, and much mre. Discver hw architects, prduct designers and scientists use similar skills in their wrk.
Dates:7 May-10 June Tickets:Free
1. What shuld yu d if yu want t attend the taster sessin f Jdie's fitness classes?
A. Jin a fitness club. B. Pay a registratin fee.
C. Make a bking. D. Hire a persnal trainer.
2. Hw much is the ticket fr Felt Picture Making?
A. ￡7.50. B. ￡12. C. ￡40. D. ￡96.
3. Which f the fllwing starts earliest?
A. Harrgate Music Festival. B. Jdie's Fitness Summer Classes.
C. Felt Picture Making. D. Figure It Out!—Playing with Math.
答案
1. C 2. C 3. D
Passage 22(2021新高考Ⅱ,B)主题：人与动物
I have wrked as a keeper at the Natinal Z fr 11 years. Spt and Stripe are the first tiger cubs(幼兽) that have ever been brn here. Glbally, a third f Sumatran cubs in zs dn't make it t adulthd, s I decided t give them rund-the-clck care at hme.
I've gt tw children—the yunger ne, Kynan, was extremely happy abut the tigers arriving—but all f us really lked frward t being part f their lives and watching them grw. I wasn't wrried abut bringing them int my hme with my wife and kids. These were cubs. They weighed abut 2.5 kg and were s small that there was abslutely n risk.
As they grew mre mbile, we let them mve freely arund the huse during the day, but when we were asleep we had t cntain them in a large rm, therwise they'd get up t mischief. We'd cme dwn in the mrning t find they'd turned the rm upside dwn, and left it lking like a z.
Things quickly gt very intense due t the huge amunt f energy required t lk after them. There were sme tugh times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there t help. We had t have a bit f a prductin line ging, making up “tiger milk”, washing baby bttles, and cleaning the flrs.
When Spt and Stripe were fur mnths ld, they were learning hw t pen drs and jump fences, and we knew it really was time fr them t g. It was hard fr us t finally part with them. Fr the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappinted that the cubs weren't there.
I'm nt sad abut it. I'm hands-n with them every day at the z, and I d lk back very fndly n the time that we had them.
1. Why did the authr bring the tiger cubs hme?
A. T ensure their survival. B. T bserve their differences.
C. T teach them life skills. D. T let them play with his kids.
2. What d the underlined wrds “get up t mischief” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Behave badly. B. Lse their way.C. Sleep sundly. D. Miss their mm.
3. What did the authr think f raising the tiger cubs at hme?
A. Bring. B. Tiring. C. Cstly. D. Risky.
4. Why did the authr decide t send Spt and Stripe back t the z?
A. They frightened the children.B. They became difficult t cntain.
C. They annyed the neighburs.D. They started fighting each ther.
答案
1. A 2. A 3. B 4. B
Passage 23(2021新高考Ⅱ,C)主题：社会热点问题
A British wman wh wn a $1 millin prize after she was named the Wrld's Best Teacher will use the cash t bring inspiratinal figures int UK schls.
Andria Zafiraku, a nrth Lndn secndary schl teacher, said she wanted t bring abut a classrm revlutin(变革). “We are ging t make a change,” she said. “I've started a prject t prmte the teaching f the arts in ur schls.”
The prject results frm the difficulties many schls have in getting artists f any srt—whether an up-and-cming lcal musician r a majr mvie star—int schls t wrk with and inspire children.
Zafiraku began the prject at Alpertn Cmmunity Schl, her place f wrk fr the past twelve years. “I've seen thse magic mments when children are talking t smene they are inspired by—their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists, mre than ever in ur schls.”
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said, “Andria's brilliant prject t bring artists frm all fields int direct cntact with children is particularly welcme at a time when the arts are being dwngraded in schls.” It was a mistake t see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Histrian Sir Simn Schama is als a supprter f the prject. He said that arts educatin in schls was nt just an add-n. “It is abslutely necessary. The future depends n creativity and creativity depends n the yung. What will remain f us when artificial intelligence takes ver will be ur creativity, and it is ur creative spirit, ur visinary sense f freshness, that has been ur strength fr centuries.”
1. What will Zafiraku d with her prize mney?
A. Make a mvie. B. Build new schls.C. Run a prject. D. Help lcal musicians.
2. What des Craig-Martin think f the teaching f the arts in UK schls?
A. It is particularly difficult. B. It increases artists' incme.
C. It pens children's mind. D. It deserves greater attentin.
3. What shuld be stressed in schl educatin accrding t Schama?
A. Mral principles. B. Interpersnal skills.
C. Creative abilities. D. Psitive wrldviews.
4. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Bring Artists t Schls B. When Histrians Meet Artists
C. Arts Educatin in Britain D. The Wrld's Best Arts Teacher
答案
1. C 2. D 3. C 4. A
Passage 24(2021新高考Ⅱ,D)主题：科技发展
An Australian prfessr is develping a rbt t mnitr the health f grazing cattle, a develpment that culd bring big changes t a prfessin that's relied largely n a lw-tech apprach fr decades but is facing a labr shrtage.
Salah Sukkarieh, a prfessr at the University f Sydney, sees rbts as necessary given hw cattlemen are aging. He is building a fur-wheeled rbt that will run n slar and electric pwer. It will use cameras and sensrs t mnitr the animals. A cmputer system will analyze the vide t determine whether a cw is sick. Radi tags(标签)n the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality f grassland will be tracked by mnitring the shape, clr and texture(质地)f grass. That way, cattlemen will knw whether they need t mve their cattle t anther field fr nutritin purpses.
Machines have largely taken ver planting, watering and harvesting crps such as crn and wheat, but the mnitring f cattle has gne thrugh fewer changes.
Fr Texas cattleman Pete Bnds, it's increasingly difficult t find wrkers interested in watching cattle. But Bnds desn't believe a rbt is right fr the jb. Years f experience in the industry—and failed attempts t use technlgy—have cnvinced him that the best way t check cattle is with a man n a hrse. Bnds, wh bught his first cattle almst 50 years ag, still has each f his cwbys inspect 300 r 400 cattle daily and lk fr signs that an animal is getting sick.
Other cattlemen see mre prmise in rbts. Michael Kelsey, vice president f the Oklahma Cattlemen's Assciatin, said a rbt culd be extremely useful given rising cncerns abut cattle theft. Cattle tend t be kept in remte places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.
1. What is a prblem with the cattle-raising industry?
A. Sil pllutin. B. Lack f wrkers.
C. Aging machines. D. Lw prfitability.
2. What will Sukkarieh's rbt be able t d?
A. Mnitr the quality f grass. B. Cure the diseased cattle.
C. Mve cattle t anther field. D. Predict weather changes.
3. Why des Pete Bnds still hire cwbys t watch cattle?
A. He wants t help them earn a living. B. He thinks men can d the jb better.
C. He is inexperienced in using rbts. D. He enjys the traditinal way f life.
4. Hw may rbts help with cattle watching accrding t Michael Kelsey?
A. Increase the value f cattle. B. Bring dwn the cst f labr.
C. Make the jb mre appealing. D. Keep cattle frm being stlen.
答案
1. B 2. A 3. B 4. D
题组七
Passage 25(2020新高考Ⅰ,A)主题：文学
POETRY CHALLENGE
Write a pem abut hw curage, determinatin, and strength have helped yu face challenges in yur life.
Prizes
3 Grand Prizes:Trip t Washingtn, D.C. fr each f three winners, a parent and ne ther persn f the winner's chice. Trip includes rund-trip air tickets, htel stay fr tw nights, and turs f the Natinal Air and Space Museum and the ffice f Natinal Gegraphic Wrld.
6 First Prizes:The bk Sky Pineer:A Phtbigraphy f Amelia Earhart signed by authr Crinne Szab and pilt Linda Finch.
50 Hnrable Mentins:Judges will chse up t 50 hnrable mentin winners, wh will each receive a T-shirt in memry f Earhart's final flight.
Rules
Fllw all rules carefully t prevent disqualificatin.
■Write a pem using 100 wrds r fewer. Yur pem can be any frmat, any number f lines.
■Write by hand r type n a single sheet f paper. Yu may use bth the frnt and back f the paper.
■On the same sheet f paper, write r type yur name, address, telephne number, and birth date.
■Mail yur entry t us by Octber 31 this year.
1. Hw many peple can each grand prize winner take n the free trip?
A. Tw. B. Three. C. Fur. D. Six.
2. What will each f the hnrable mentin winners get?
A. A plane ticket. B. A bk by Crinne Szab.
C. A special T-shirt. D. A pht f Amelia Earhart.
3. Which f the fllwing will result in disqualificatin?
A. Typing yur pem ut. B. Writing a pem f 120 wrds.
C. Using bth sides f the paper. D. Mailing yur entry n Octber 30.
答案
1. A 2. C 3. B
Passage 26(2020新高考Ⅰ,B)主题：终身学习
Jennifer Mauer has needed mre willpwer than the typical cllege student t pursue her gal f earning a nursing degree. That willpwer bre fruit when Jennifer graduated frm University f Wiscnsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family t earn a bachelr's degree.
Mauer, f Edgar, Wiscnsin, grew up n a farm in a family f 10 children. Her dad wrked at a jb away frm the farm, and her mther ran the farm with the kids. After high schl, Jennifer attended a lcal technical cllege, wrking t pay her tuitin (学费), because there was n extra mney set aside fr a cllege educatin. After graduatin, she wrked t help her sisters and brthers pay fr their schling.
Jennifer nw is married and has three children f her wn. She decided t g back t cllege t advance her career and t be able t better supprt her family while ding smething she lves:nursing. She chse the UW-Eau Claire prgram at Ministry Saint Jseph's Hspital in Marshfield because she was able t pursue her fur-year degree clse t hme. She culd drive t class and be hme in the evening t help with her kids. Jennifer received great supprt frm her family as she wrked t earn her degree: Her husband wrked tw jbs t cver the bills, and her 68-year-ld mther helped take care f the children at times.
Thrugh it all, she remained in gd academic standing and graduated with hnrs. Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲) t achieve her gal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing imprtant events t study.“Sme nights my heart was breaking t have t pick between my kids and studying fr exams r papers,” she says. Hwever, her children have learned an imprtant lessn witnessing their mther earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generatin graduate and an inspiratin t her family—and that's pretty pwerful.
1. What did Jennifer d after high schl?
A. She helped her dad with his wrk. B. She ran the family farm n her wn.
C. She supprted herself thrugh cllege. D. She taught her sisters and brthers at hme.
2. Why did Jennifer chse the prgram at Ministry Saint Jseph's Hspital in Marshfield?
A. T take care f her kids easily. B. T learn frm the best nurses.
C. T save mney fr her parents. D. T find a well-paid jb there.
3. What did Jennifer sacrifice t achieve her gal?
A. Her health. B. Her time with family.
C. Her reputatin. D. Her chance f prmtin.
4. What can we learn frm Jennifer's stry?
A. Time is mney. B. Lve breaks dwn barriers.
C. Hard wrk pays ff. D. Educatin is the key t success.
答案
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C
Passage 27(2020新高考Ⅰ,C)主题：跨文化包容
In the mid-1990s, Tm Bissell taught English as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven mnths, physically brken and having lst his mind. A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.
His visit, hwever, ended up invlving a lt mre than that. Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea:Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia, which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan, where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea. It is the stry f an American travelling t a strange land, and f the peple he meets n his way:Rustam, his translatr, a lvely 24-year-ld wh picked up his clrful English in Califrnia, Oleg and Natasha, his hsts in Tashkent, and a string f freign aid wrkers.
This is a quick lk at life in Uzbekistan, made f friendliness and warmth, but als its darker side f sciety. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wnders, while n his way t Bukhara he gets a taste f plice methds when suspected f drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a muntain funeral (葬礼) fllwed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust strms, diseases and fishing bats stuck miles frm the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully rganizes histrical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-runded picture f Uzbekistan, seen frm Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stmach. As the authr explains, this is neither a travel nr a histry bk, r even a piece f reprtage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid descriptin f the purest f Central Asian traditins.
1. What made Mr Bissell return t Uzbekistan?
A. His friends' invitatin. B. His interest in the cuntry.
C. His lve fr teaching. D. His desire t regain health.
2. What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Develping a serius mental disease.
B. Taking a guided tur in Central Asia.
C. Wrking as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan.
D. Writing an article abut the Aral Sea.
3. Which f the fllwing best describes Mr Bissell's rad trip in Uzbekistan?
A. Rmantic. B. Eventful. C. Pleasant. D. Dangerus.
4. What is the purpse f this text?
A. T intrduce a bk. B. T explain a cultural phenmenn.
C. T remember a writer. D. T recmmend a travel destinatin.
答案
1. B 2. D 3. B 4. A
Passage 28(2020新高考Ⅰ,D)主题：健康生活
Accrding t a recent study in the Jurnal f Cnsumer Research, bth the size and cnsumptin habits f ur eating cmpanins can influence ur fd intake. And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins (份), it's the beanples with big appetites yu really need t avid.
T test the effect f scial influence n eating habits, the researchers cnducted tw experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate wmen were individually invited int a lab t stensibly (表面上) participate in a study abut mvie viewership. Befre the film began, each wman was asked t help herself t a snack. An actr hired by the researchers grabbed her fd first. In her natural state, the actr weighed 105 punds. But in half the cases she wre a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight t 180 punds.
Bth the fat and thin versins f the actr tk a large amunt f fd. The participants fllwed suit, taking mre fd than they nrmally wuld have. Hwever, they tk significantly mre when the actr was thin.
Fr the secnd test, in ne case the thin actr tk tw pieces f candy frm the snack bwls. In the ther case, she tk 30 pieces. The results were similar t the first test:the participants fllwed suit but tk significantly mre candy when the thin actr tk 30 pieces.
The tests shw that the scial envirnment is extremely influential when we're making decisins. If this fellw participant is ging t eat mre, s will I. Call it the “I'll have what she's having” effect. Hwever, we'll adjust the influence. If an verweight persn is having a large prtin, I'll hld back a bit because I see the results f his eating habits. But if a thin persn eats a lt, I'll fllw suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?
1. What is the recent study mainly abut?
A. Fd safety. B. Mvie viewership. C. Cnsumer demand. D. Eating behavir.
2. What des the underlined wrd “beanples” in paragraph 1 refer t?
A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persns.
C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persns.
3. Why did the researchers hire the actr?
A. T see hw she wuld affect the participants.
B. T test if the participants culd recgnize her.
C. T find ut what she wuld d in the tw tests.
D. T study why she culd keep her weight dwn.
4. On what basis d we “adjust the influence” accrding t the last paragraph?
A. Hw hungry we are. B. Hw slim we want t be.
C. Hw we perceive thers. D. Hw we feel abut the fd.
答案
1. D 2. D 3. A 4. C
题组八
Passage 29(2020新高考Ⅱ,A)主题：丰富自我
Pali Overnight Adventures ffers children and teens exciting experiences this summer. Frm bradcasting t street art, these are just 4 f the 17 highly unique camps being ffered.
Bradcasting Camp
Becme the next star reprter, news writer, directr r prducer. While running every aspect f ur wn news statin, kids and their fellw campers will create and hst a bradcast airing each night at dinner fr the entire camp. Every night it ges n the web, keeping parents and the wrld infrmed f the happenings at Pali.
Secret Agent Camp
In the mvie Missin Impssible, Tm Cruise made being a secret agent seem like the clest jb ever. Campers wh sign up fr the 2-week secret agent camp can get t knw abut the life f real secret agents by learning strategies and military skills n the paintball field.
Culinary Camp
If yur child enjys being in the kitchen, then the culinary camp is definitely the right fit. Campers learn technical skills f rasting, frying and cutting, as well as sme recipes that they can take hme and share with their families.
Street Art Camp
This camp takes creative license t an entirely new level. Campers will share their clrful ideas and imaginatin with each ther and wrk tgether t visualize, sketch and paint with nn-traditinal techniques t create the clest mural(壁画) which will be displayed in public fr all t see.
1. Hw many camps des Pali Overnight Adventures ffer this summer?
A. 2. B. 4. C. 17. D. 21.
2. What will campers d at the Bradcasting Camp?
A. Create a website. B. Run a news statin.
C. Meet a star reprter. D. Hld a dinner party.
3. Which camp will attract children wh are interested in cking?
A. Bradcasting Camp. B. Secret Agent Camp.
C. Culinary Camp. D. Street Art Camp.
答案
1. C 2. B 3. C
Passage 30(2020新高考Ⅱ,B)主题：社会交往
The end f the schl year was in sight and spirits were high. I was back teaching after an absence f 15 years, dealing with the varius kinds f “frbidden fruit” that cme ut f bk bags. Nw was the spring f the water pistl(手枪).
I decided t think up a methd f dealing with frbidden fruit.
“Please bring that pistl t me,” I said. “I'm ging t put it in my Grandma's Bx.”
“What's that?” they asked.
“It's a large wden chest full f tys fr my grandchildren,” I replied.
“Yu dn't have grandchildren,” smene said.
“I dn't nw,” I replied. “But smeday I will. When I d, my bx will be full f wnderful things fr them.”
My imaginary Grandma's Bx wrked like magic that spring, and later. Smetimes students wuld ask me t describe all the things I had in it. Then I wuld try t remember the different pssessins I suppsedly had taken away—since I seldm actually kept them. Usually the ffender wuld appear at the end f the day, and I wuld return the belnging.
The years went by, and my first grandchild Grdn was brn. I shared my jy with that year's class. Then smene said, “Nw yu can use yur Grandma's Bx.” Frm then n, instead f cming t ask their pssessins back, the students wuld say, “That's kay. Put it in yur Grandma's Bx fr Grdn.”
I lved talking abut the imaginary bx, nt nly with my students but als with my wn children. They enjyed hearing abut all the frbidden fruit I had cllected. Then ne Christmas I received a surprise gift—a large, beautifully made wden chest. My sn Bruce had made my Grandma's Bx a reality.
1. What was the authr's purpse in having the cnversatin with the students?
A. T cllect the water pistl. B. T talk abut her grandchildren.
C. T recmmend sme tys. D. T explain her teaching methd.
2. What d the underlined wrds “the ffender” in paragraph 8 refer t?
A. The student's parent. B. The maker f the Grandma's Bx.
C. The authr's grandchild. D. The wner f the frbidden fruit.
3. What did the students d after they learned abut the birth f Grdn?
A. They went t play with the baby. B. They asked t see the Grandma's Bx.
C. They made a present fr Grdn. D. They stpped asking their tys back.
4. What can we infer abut the authr?
A. She enjys telling jkes. B. She is a strict and smart teacher.
C. She lves ding wdwrk. D. She is a respnsible grandmther.
答案
1. A 2. D 3. D 4. B
Passage 31(2020新高考Ⅱ,C)主题：社会进步
In May 1987 the Glden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was clsed t mtr traffic s peple culd enjy a walk acrss it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 peple t shw up. Instead, as many as 800,000 crwded the rads t the bridge. By the time 250,000 were n the bridge, engineers nticed smething terrible:the radway was flattening under what turned ut t be the heaviest lad it had ever been asked t carry. Wrse, it was beginning t sway(晃动). The authrities clsed access t the bridge and tens f thusands f peple made their way back t land. A disaster was avided.
The stry is ne f scres in T Frgive Design:Understanding Failure, a bk that is at nce a lve letter t engineering and a paean(赞歌) t its breakdwns. Its authr, Dr. Henry Petrski, has lng been writing abut disasters. In this bk, he includes the lss f the space shuttles(航天飞机)Challenger and Clumbia, and the sinking f the Titanic.
Thugh he acknwledges that engineering wrks can fail because the persn wh thught them up r engineered them simply gt things wrng, in this bk Dr. Petrski widens his view t cnsider the larger cntext in which such failures ccur. Smetimes devices fail because a gd design is cnstructed with lw quality materials incmpetently applied. Or perhaps a design wrks s well it is adpted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless imprvements, until, suddenly, it des nt wrk at all anymre.
Readers will encunter nt nly stries they have heard befre, but sme new stries and a mving discussin f the respnsibility f the engineer t the public and the ways yung engineers can be helped t grasp them.
“Success is success but that is all that it is,” Dr. Petrski writes. It is failure that brings imprvement.
1. What happened t the Glden Gate Bridge n its 50th birthday?
A. It carried mre weight than it culd. B. It swayed vilently in a strng wind.
C. Its radway was damaged by vehicles. D. Its access was blcked by many peple.
2. Which f the fllwing is Dr. Petrski's idea accrding t paragraph 3?
A. N design is well received everywhere.
B. Cnstructin is mre imprtant than design.
C. Nt all disasters are caused by engineering design.
D. Imprvements n engineering wrks are necessary.
3. What des the last paragraph suggest?
A. Failure can lead t prgress. B. Success results in vercnfidence.
C. Failure shuld be avided. D. Success cmes frm jint effrts.
4. What is the text?
A. A news reprt. B. A shrt stry. C. A bk review. D. A research article.
答案
1. A 2. C 3. A 4. C
Passage 32(2020新高考Ⅱ,D)主题：环境保护
Rainfrests are hme t a rich variety f medicinal plants, fd, birds and animals. Can yu believe that a single bush(灌木丛) in the Amazn may have mre species f ants than the whle f Britain! Abut 480 varieties f trees may be fund in just ne hectare f rainfrest.
Rainfrests are the lungs f the planet—string vast quantities f carbn dixide and prducing a significant amunt f the wrld's xygen. Rainfrests have their wn perfect system fr ensuring their wn survival; the tall trees make a canpy(树冠层) f branches and leaves which prtect themselves, smaller plants, and the frest animals frm heavy rain, intense dry heat frm the sun and strng winds.
Amazingly, the trees grw in such a way that their leaves and branches, althugh clse tgether, never actually tuch thse f anther tree. Scientists think this is the plants' way t prevent the spread f any tree diseases and make life mre difficult fr leaf-eating insects like caterpillars. T survive in the frest, animals must climb, jump r fly acrss the gaps. The grund flr f the frest is nt all tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear. It is where dead leaves turn int fd fr the trees and ther frest life.
They are nt called rainfrests fr nthing! Rainfrests can generate 75% f their wn rain. At least 80 inches f rain a year is nrmal—and in sme areas there may be as much as 430 inches f rain annually. This is real rain—yur umbrella may prtect yu in a shwer, but it wn't keep yu dry if there is a full rainstrm. In just tw hurs, streams can rise ten t twenty feet. The humidity(湿气) f large rainfrests cntributes t the frmatin f raincluds that may travel t ther cuntries in need f rain.
1. What can we learn abut rainfrests frm the first paragraph?
A. They prduce xygen. B. They cver a vast area.
C. They are well managed. D. They are rich in wildlife.
2. Which f the fllwing cntributes mst t the survival f rainfrests?
A. Heavy rains. B. Big trees. C. Small plants. D. Frest animals.
3. Why d the leaves and branches f different trees avid tuching each ther?
A. Fr mre sunlight. B. Fr mre grwing space.
C. Fr self-prtectin. D. Fr the detectin f insects.
4. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Life-Giving Rainfrests B. The Law f the Jungle
C. Animals in the Amazn D. Weather in Rainfrests
答案
1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A
其他卷题组
题组九
Passage 33(2023全国乙,A)主题：著名人物
PRACTITIONERS
1. What did Jacqueline and James have in cmmn?
A. Ding teaching jbs. B. Being hired as physicians.
C. Perfrming surgery. D. Being banned frm medicine.
2. Hw was Tan Yunxian different frm the ther practitiners?
A. She wrte a bk. B. She went thrugh trials.
C. She wrked as a dentist. D. She had frmal educatin.
3. Wh was the first African American with a medical degree?
A. Jacqueline Felice de Almania. B. Tan Yunxian.
C. James Barry. D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
答案
1. C 2. A 3. D
Passage 34(2023全国乙,B)主题：个人经历
Living in Iwa and trying t becme a phtgrapher specializing in landscape(风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the crn state lacks gegraphical variatin.
Althugh landscapes in the Midwest tend t be quite similar, either farm fields r highways, smetimes I find distinctive character in the hills r lakes. T make sme f my landscape shts, I have traveled up t fur hurs away t sht within a 10-minute time frame. I tend t travel with a few f my friends t state parks r t the cuntryside t g n adventures and take phts alng the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style f phtgraphy. I ften leave early t seek the right destinatins s I can set up early t avid missing the mment I am attempting t phtgraph. I have missed plenty f beautiful sunsets/sunrises due t being n the spt nly five minutes befre the best mment.
One time my friends and I drve three hurs t Devil's Lake, Wiscnsin, t climb the purple quartz(石英) rck arund the lake. After we fund a crazy-lking rad that hung ver a bunch f rcks, we decided t phtgraph the scene at sunset. The psitin enabled us t lk ver the lake with the sunset in the backgrund. We managed t leave this spt t climb higher because f the spare time until sunset. Hwever, we did nt mark the rute(路线) s we ended up almst missing the sunset entirely. Once we fund the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, lking back n the phts, they are sme f my best shts thugh they culd have been s much better if I wuld have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
1. Hw des the authr deal with the challenge as a landscape phtgrapher in the Midwest?
A. By teaming up with ther phtgraphers.
B. By shting in the cuntryside r state parks.
C. By studying the gegraphical cnditins.
D. By creating settings in the crn fields.
2. What is the key t successful landscape phtgraphy accrding t the authr?
A. Prper time management. B. Gd shting techniques.
C. Adventurus spirit. D. Distinctive styles.
3. What can we infer frm the authr's trip with friends t Devil's Lake?
A. They went crazy with the purple quartz rck.
B. They felt stressed while waiting fr the sunset.
C. They reached the shting spt later than expected.
D. They had prblems with their equipment.
4. Hw des the authr find his phts taken at Devil's Lake?
A. Amusing. B. Satisfying. C. Encuraging. D. Cmfrting.
答案
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B
Passage 35(2023全国乙,C)主题：社会与文化
What cmes int yur mind when yu think f British fd? Prbably fish and chips, r a Sunday dinner f meat and tw vegetables. But is British fd really s uninteresting? Even thugh Britain has a reputatin fr less-than-impressive cuisine, it is prducing mre tp class chefs wh appear frequently n ur televisin screens and whse recipe bks frequently tp the best seller lists.
It's thanks t these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britns are turning away frm meat-and-tw-veg and ready-made meals and becming mre adventurus in their cking habits. It is recently reprted that the number f thse sticking t a traditinal diet is slwly declining and arund half f Britain's cnsumers wuld like t change r imprve their cking in sme way. There has been a rise in the number f students applying fr fd curses at UK universities and clleges. It seems that TV prgrammes have helped change what peple think abut cking.
Accrding t a new study frm market analysts, 1 in 5 Britns say that watching ckery prgrammes n TV has encuraged them t try different fd. Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients(配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre. One in fur adults say that TV chefs have made them much mre cnfident abut expanding their ckery knwledge and skills, and yung peple are als getting mre interested in cking. The UK's bsessin(痴迷) with fd is reflected thrugh televisin scheduling. Ckery shws and dcumentaries abut fd are bradcast mre ften than befre. With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it's n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.
1. What d peple usually think f British fd?
A. It is simple and plain. B. It is rich in nutritin.
C. It lacks authentic tastes. D. It deserves a high reputatin.
2. Which best describes ckery prgrammes n British TV?
A. Authritative. B. Creative. C. Prfitable. D. Influential.
3. Which is the percentage f the peple using mre diverse ingredients nw?
A. 20%. B. 24%. C. 25%. D. 33%.
4. What might the authr cntinue talking abut?
A. The art f cking in ther cuntries.
B. Male chefs n TV prgrammes.
C. Table manners in the UK.
D. Studies f big eaters.
答案
1. A 2. D 3. D 4. B
Passage 36(2023全国乙,D)主题：历史、社会与文化
If yu want t tell the histry f the whle wrld, a histry that des nt privilege ne part f humanity, yu cannt d it thrugh texts alne, because nly sme f the wrld has ever had texts, while mst f the wrld, fr mst f the time, has nt. Writing is ne f humanity's later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate(有文字的) scieties recrded their cncerns nt nly in writing but in things.
Ideally a histry wuld bring tgether texts and bjects, and sme chapters f this bk are able t d just that, but in many cases we simply can't. The clearest example f this between literate and nn-literate histry is perhaps the first cnflict, at Btany Bay, between Captain Ck's vyage and the Australian Abriginals. Frm the English side, we have scientific reprts and the captain's recrd f that terrible day. Frm the Australian side, we have nly a wden shield(盾) drpped by a man in flight after his first experience f gunsht. If we want t recnstruct what was actually ging n that day, the shield must be questined and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reprts.
In additin t the prblem f miscmprehensin frm bth sides, there are victries accidentally r deliberately twisted, especially when nly the victrs knw hw t write. Thse wh are n the lsing side ften have nly their things t tell their stries. The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made:a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact(联系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects.
1. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. Hw past events shuld be presented. B. What humanity is cncerned abut.
C. Whether facts speak luder than wrds. D. Why written language is reliable.
2. What des the authr indicate by mentining Captain Ck in paragraph 2?
A. His reprt was scientific. B. He represented the lcal peple.
C. He ruled ver Btany Bay. D. His recrd was ne-sided.
3. What des the underlined wrd “cnversatin” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Prblem. B. Histry. C. Vice. D. Sciety.
4. Which f the fllwing bks is the text mst likely selected frm?
A. Hw Maps Tell Stries f the Wrld B. A Shrt Histry f Australia
C. A Histry f the Wrld in 100Objects D. Hw Art Wrks Tell Stries
答案
1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C
题组十
Passage 37(2023全国甲,A)主题：社会与文化
Where t Eat in Bangkk
Bangkk is a highly desirable destinatin fr fd lvers. It has a seemingly bttmless well f dining ptins. Here are sme suggestins n where t start yur Bangkk eating adventure.
Nahm
Offering Thai fine dining, Nahm prvides the best f Bangkk culinary(烹饪的)experiences. It's the nly Thai restaurant that ranks amng the tp 10 f the wrld's 50 best restaurants list. Head Chef David Thmpsn, wh received a Michelin star fr his Lndn-based Thai restaurant f the same name, pened this branch in the Metrplitan Htel in 2010.
Issaya Siamese Club
Issaya Siamese Club is internatinally knwn Thai chef Ian Kittichai's first flagship Bangkk restaurant. The menu in this beautiful clnial huse includes traditinal Thai cuisine cmbined with mdern cking methds.
B.lan
B.lan has been making waves in Bangkk's culinary scene since it pened in 2009. Serving hard-t-find Thai dishes in an elegant atmsphere, the restaurant is true t Thai cuisine's rts, yet still manages t add a special twist. This place is gd fr a candle-lit dinner r a wrk meeting with clleagues wh appreciate fine fd. Fr thse extremely hungry, there's a large set menu.
Gaggan
Earning first place n the latest “Asia's 50 best restaurants” list, prgressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is ne f the mst exciting venues(场所) t arrive in Bangkk in recent years. The best table in this tw-stry clnial Thai hme ffers a windw right int the kitchen, where yu can see chef Gaggan and his staff in actin. Culinary theater at its best.
1. What d Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in cmmn?
A. They adpt mdern cking methds. B. They have branches in Lndn.
C. They have tp-class chefs. D. They are based in htels.
2. Which restaurant ffers a large set menu?
A. Gaggan. B. B.lan.
C. Issaya Siamese Club. D. Nahm.
3. What is special abut Gaggan?
A. It hires staff frm India. B. It puts n a play every day.
C. It serves hard-t-find lcal dishes. D. It shws the cking prcess t guests.
答案
1. C 2. B 3. D
Passage 38(2023全国甲,B)主题：个人生活
Terri Bltn is a dab hand when it cmes t DIY (d-it-yurself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing tgether furniture, she never pays smene else t d a jb she can d herself.
She credits these skills t her late grandfather and builder Derek Llyd. Frm the age f six, Terri, nw 26, accmpanied Derek t wrk during her schl hlidays. A day's wrk was rewarded with ￡5 in pcket mney. She says:“I'm sure I wasn't much f a help t start with. But when Derek built ur family huse abut eight years ag, I was heavily invlved(参与), painting the rms and putting dwn the flring thrughut the huse. It tk weeks and it was backbreaking wrk, but I knw he was prud f my skills.”
Terri, wh nw rents a huse with friends in Wandswrth, Suth West Lndn, says DIY als saves her frm lsing any depsit when a tenancy(租期) cmes t an end. She adds:“I've mved huse many times and I always like t persnalise my rm and put up pictures. S, it's been useful t knw hw t cver up hles and repaint a rm t avid any charges when I've mved ut.”
With millins f peple likely t take n DIY prjects ver the cming weeks, new research shws that mre than half f peple are planning t make the mst f the lng, warm summer days t get jbs dne. The average spend per prject will be arund ￡823. Tw thirds f peple aim t imprve their cmfrt while at hme. A fifth wish t increase the value f their huses. Thugh DIY has traditinally been seen as a male hbby, the research shws it is wmen nw leading the charge.
1. Which is clsest in meaning t “a dab hand” in paragraph 1?
A. An artist. B. A winner. C. A specialist. D. A pineer.
2. Why did Terri's grandfather give her ￡5 a day?
A. Fr a birthday gift. B. As a treat fr her wrk.
C. T supprt her DIY prjects. D. T encurage her t take up a hbby.
3. Hw did Terri avid lsing the depsit n the huse she rented?
A. By making it lk like befre.
B. By furnishing it herself.
C. By splitting the rent with a rmmate.
D. By cancelling the rental agreement.
4. What trend in DIY des the research shw?
A. It is becming mre cstly.
B. It is getting mre time-cnsuming.
C. It is turning int a seasnal industry.
D. It is gaining ppularity amng females.
答案
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D
Passage 39(2023全国甲,C)主题：文学
I was abut 13 when an uncle gave me a cpy f Jstein Gaarder's Sphie's Wrld. It was full f ideas that were new t me, s I spent the summer with my head in and ut f that bk. It spke t me and brught me int a wrld f philsphy(哲学).
That lve fr philsphy lasted until I gt t cllege. Nthing kills the lve fr philsphy faster than peple wh think they understand Fucault, Baudrillard, r Cnfucius better than yu—and then try t explain them.
Eric Weiner's The Scrates Express:In Search f Life Lessns frm Dead Philsphers reawakened my lve fr philsphy. It is nt an explanatin, but an invitatin t think and experience philsphy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene n a train ride between cities and then frames each philspher's wrk in the cntext(背景) f ne thing they can help us d better. The end result is a read in which we learn t wnder like Scrates, see like Threau, listen like Schpenhauer, and have n regrets like Nietzsche. This, mre than a bk abut understanding philsphy, is a bk abut learning t use philsphy t imprve a life.
He makes philsphical thught an appealing exercise that imprves the quality f ur experiences, and he des s with plenty f humr. Weiner enters int cnversatin with sme f the mst imprtant philsphers in histry, and he becmes part f that crwd in the prcess by decding(解读) their messages and adding his wn interpretatin.
The Scrates Express is a fun, sharp bk that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thughts n desire, lneliness, and aging. The invitatin is clear: Weiner wants yu t pick up a cffee r tea and sit dwn with this bk. I encurage yu t take his ffer. It's wrth yur time, even if time is smething we dn't have a lt f.
1. Wh pened the dr t philsphy fr the authr?
A. Fucault. B. Eric Weiner.
C. Jstein Gaarder. D. A cllege teacher.
2. Why des the authr list great philsphers in paragraph 4?
A. T cmpare Weiner with them. B. T give examples f great wrks.
C. T praise their writing skills. D. T help readers understand Weiner's bk.
3. What des the authr like abut The Scrates Express?
A. Its views n histry are well-presented. B. Its ideas can be applied t daily life.
C. It includes cmments frm readers. D. It leaves an pen ending.
4. What des the authr think f Weiner's bk?
A. Objective and plain. B. Daring and ambitius.
C. Serius and hard t fllw. D. Humrus and straightfrward.
答案
1. C 2. D 3. B 4. D
Passage 40(2023全国甲,D)主题：人与动物
Grizzly bears, which may grw t abut 2.5m lng and weigh ver 400kg, ccupy a cnflicted crner f the American psyche—we revere(敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the turists frm arund the wrld that fld int Yellwstne Natinal Park what they mst hpe t see, and their answer is ften the same: a grizzly bear.
“Grizzly bears are re-ccupying large areas f their frmer range,” says bear bilgist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range int places where they haven't been seen in a century r mre, they're increasingly being sighted by humans.
The western half f the U.S. was full f grizzlies when Eurpeans came, with a rugh number f 50,000 r mre living alngside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries f cruel and cntinuus hunting by settlers, 600 t 800 grizzlies remained n a mere 2 percent f their frmer range in the Nrthern Rckies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.
Tday, there are abut 2,000 r mre grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recvery has been s successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted t de-list grizzlies, which wuld lsen legal prtectins and allw them t be hunted. Bth effrts were verturned due t lawsuits frm cnservatin grups. Fr nw, grizzlies remain listed.
Obviusly, if precautins(预防) aren't taken, grizzlies can becme trublesme, smetimes killing farm animals r walking thrugh yards in search f fd. If peple remve fd and attractants frm their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by withut truble. Putting electric fencing arund chicken huses and ther farm animal quarters is als highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hpe is t have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass thrugh withut learning bad habits,” says James Jnkel, lngtime bilgist wh manages bears in and arund Missula.
1. Hw d Americans lk at grizzlies?
A. They cause mixed feelings in peple. B. They shuld be kept in natinal parks.
C. They are f high scientific value. D. They are a symbl f American culture.
2. What has helped the increase f the grizzly ppulatin?
A. They Eurpean settlers' behavir. B. The expansin f bears' range.
C. The prtectin by law since 1975. D. The supprt f Native Americans.
3. What has stpped the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service frm de-listing grizzlies?
A. The ppsitin f cnservatin grups. B. The successful cmeback f grizzlies.
C. The vice f the bilgists. D. The lcal farmers' advcates.
4. What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A. Fd shuld be prvided fr grizzlies.
B. Peple can live in harmny with grizzlies.
C. A special path shuld be built fr grizzlies.
D. Technlgy can be intrduced t prtect grizzlies.
答案
1. A 2. C 3. A 4. B
题组十一
Passage 41(2023浙江一考,A)主题：个人成长
Explrers Camp
•Full day camp fr kids aged 5-13.
•Mnday-Friday, July 8-26, 9 am-4 pm.
Week 1 | July 8-12
Week 2 | July 15-19
Week 3 | July 22-26
•Register fr a single week r multiple weeks.
•Fees: $365 per week.
•The last day t cancel registratin and receive a full refund (退款) is June 15.
Camp Structure
The day is divided int tw thematic sessins per age grup. Campers have a three-hur mrning class engaging with a mrning theme (9 am t 12 nn) and a ne-hur lunch break, fllwed by anther three-hur class engaging with an afternn theme (1 pm t 4 pm).Snack perids are held thrughut the day. All campers shuld bring their wn bagged lunch and snacks.
Camp Cntent
Explrers Camp rganizes engaging arts, histry and science-related activities in every class, and fcuses n a range f tpics that emphasize active learning, explratin and,mst f all, fun! All camp sessins are created with age-apprpriate activities that are tailred t the multiple ways that kids learn.
Camp Staff
Campers enjy a staff-t-child rati ranging frm 1∶4 t 1∶7 depending n the age grup. Instructrs are passinate educatrs wh are experts in their fields and have undergne training and a backgrund check.
1. On which f the fllwing dates can yu cancel yur registratin with a full refund?
A. June 12. B. June 22. C. July 19. D. July 26.
2. Hw are campers divided int different grups?
A. By gender. B. By natinality. C. By interest. D. By age.
3. Hw many hurs f class will yu have altgether if yu register fr a single week?
A. 15. B. 21. C. 30. D. 42.
答案
1. A 2. D 3. C
Passage 42(2023浙江一考,B)主题：健康生活
Live with rmmates? Have friends and family arund yu? Chances are that if yu're lking t live a mre sustainable lifestyle, nt everyne arund yu will be ready t jump n that bandwagn.
I experienced this when I started switching t a zer waste lifestyle five years ag, as I was living with my parents, and I cntinue t experience this with my husband, as he is nt cmpletely zer waste like me. I've learned a few things alng the way thugh, which I hpe yu'll find encuraging if yu're ding yur best t figure ut hw yu can make the change in a nt-always-supprtive husehld.
Zer waste was a radical lifestyle mvement a few years back. I remember shwing my parents a vide f Bea Jhnsn, sharing hw cl I thught it wuld be t buy grceries with jars, and have s little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars f zer waste grceries, and my dad cmmented n hw silly it was fr me t carry jars everywhere. It came ff as a bit discuraging.
Yet as the mnths f reducing waste cntinued, I did what I culd that was within my wn reach. I had my wn bedrm, s I wrked n remving things I didn't need. Since I had my wn tiletries (洗漱用品), I was able t start persnalising my rutine t be mre sustainable. I als ffered t ck every s ften, s I prtined ut a bit f the cupbard fr my wn zer waste grceries. Perhaps yur husehld wn't entirely make the switch, but yu may have sme cntrl ver yur wn persnal spaces t make the changes yu desire.
As yu make yur lifestyle changes, yu may find yurself wanting t speak up fr yurself if thers cmment n what yu're ding, which can turn itself int a whle husehld debate. If yu have individuals wh are nt n bard, yur wrds prbably wn't d much and can ften leave yu feeling mre discuraged.
S here is my advice: Lead by actin.
1. What d the underlined wrds “jump n that bandwagn” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Share an apartment with yu. B. Jin yu in what yu're ding.
C. Transfrm yur way f living. D. Help yu t make the decisin.
2. What was the attitude f the authr's father tward buying grceries with jars?
A. He disapprved f it. B. He was favrable t it.
C. He was tlerant f it. D. He didn't care abut it.
3. What can we infer abut the authr?
A. She is quite gd at cking. B. She respects thers' privacy.
C. She enjys being a husewife. D. She is a determined persn.
4. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Hw t get n well with ther family members.
B. Hw t have ne's wn persnal space at hme.
C. Hw t live a zer waste lifestyle in a husehld.
D. Hw t cntrl the budget when buying grceries.
答案
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C
Passage 43(2023浙江一考,C)主题：社会交往
A machine can nw nt nly beat yu at chess, it can als utperfrm yu in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisc, a sftware prgram called Prject Debater beat its human ppnents, including Na Ovadia, Israel's frmer natinal debating champin.
Brilliant thugh it is, Prject Debater has sme weaknesses. It takes sentences frm its library f dcuments and prebuilt arguments and strings them tgether. This can lead t the kinds f errrs n human wuld make. Such wrinkles will n dubt be irned ut, yet they als pint t a fundamental prblem. As Kristian Hammnd, prfessr f electrical engineering and cmputer science at Nrthwestern University, put it: “There's never a stage at which the system knws what it's talking abut.”
What Hammnd is referring t is the questin f meaning, and meaning is central t what distinguishes the least intelligent f humans frm the mst intelligent f machines. A cmputer wrks with symbls. Its prgram specifies a set f rules t transfrm ne string f symbls int anther. But it des nt specify what thse symbls mean. Indeed, t a cmputer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, als wrk with symbls. But fr humans, meaning is everything. When we cmmunicate, we cmmunicate meaning. What matters is nt just the utside f a string f symbls, but the inside t, nt just hw they are arranged but what they mean.
Meaning emerges thrugh a prcess f scial interactin, nt f cmputatin, interactin that shapes the cntent f the symbls in ur heads. The rules that assign meaning lie nt just inside ur heads, but als utside, in sciety, in scial memry, scial cnventins and scial relatins. It is this that distinguishes humans frm machines. And that's why, hwever astnishing Prject Debater may seem, the traditin that began with Scrates and Cnfucius will nt end with artificial intelligence.
1. Why des the authr mentin Na Ovadia in the first paragraph?
A. T explain the use f a sftware prgram.
B. T shw the cleverness f Prject Debater.
C. T intrduce the designer f Prject Debater.
D. T emphasize the fairness f the cmpetitin.
2. What des the underlined wrd “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Arguments. B. Dubts. C. Errrs. D. Differences.
3. What is Prject Debater unable t d accrding t Hammnd?
A. Create rules. B. Cmprehend meaning.
C. Talk fluently. D. Identify difficult wrds.
4. What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A. Scial interactin is key t understanding symbls.
B. The human brain has ptential yet t be develped.
C. Ancient philsphers set gd examples fr debaters.
D. Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
答案
1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A
Passage 44(2023浙江一考,D)主题：人与环境
Accrding t the Slar Energy Industry Assciatin, the number f slar panels installed(安装) has grwn rapidly in the past decade, and it has t grw even faster t meet climate gals. But all f that grwth will take up a lt f space, and thugh mre and mre peple accept the cncept f slar energy, few like large slar panels t be installed near them.
Slar develpers want t put up panels as quickly and cheaply as pssible, s they haven't given much thught t what they put under them. Often, they'll end up filling the area with small stnes and using chemicals t cntrl weeds. The result is that many cmmunities, especially in farming regins, see slar farms as destryers f the sil.
“Slar prjects need t be gd neighbrs,” says Jrdan Macknick,the head f the Innvative Site Preparatin and Impact Reductins n the Envirnment (InSPIRE) prject. “They need t be prtectrs f the land and cntribute t the agricultural ecnmy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical appraches t “lw-impact” slar develpment,which fcuses n establishing and perating slar farms in a way that is kinder t the land. One f the easiest lw-impact slar strategies is prviding habitat fr pllinatrs (传粉昆虫).
Habitat lss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pllinatr ppulatins ver the past cuple f decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural ecnmy. Over 28 states have passed laws related t pllinatr habitat prtectin and pesticide use. Cnservatin rganizatins put ut pllinatr-friendliness guidelines fr hme gardens, businesses, schls, cities—and nw there are guidelines fr slar farms.
Over the past few years, many slar farm develpers have transfrmed the space under their slar panels int a shelter fr varius kinds f pllinatrs, resulting in sil imprvement and carbn reductin. “These pllinatr-friendly slar farms can have a valuable impact n everything that's ging n in the landscape,” says Macknick.
1. What d slar develpers ften ignre?
A. The decline in the demand fr slar energy.
B. The negative impact f installing slar panels.
C. The rising labr cst f building slar farms.
D. The mst recent advances in slar technlgy.
2. What des InSPIRE aim t d?
A. Imprve the prductivity f lcal farms.
B. Invent new methds fr cntrlling weeds.
C. Make slar prjects envirnmentally friendly.
D. Prmte the use f slar energy in rural areas.
3. What is the purpse f the laws mentined in paragraph 4?
A. T cnserve pllinatrs. B. T restrict slar develpment.
C. T diversify the ecnmy. D. T ensure the supply f energy.
4. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Pllinatrs: T Leave r t Stay B. Slar Energy: Hpe fr the Future
C. InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture D. Slar Farms: A New Develpment
答案
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D
题组十二
Passage 45(2022全国乙,A)主题：艺术
Henry Raeburn(1756-1823)
The Exhibitin
This exhibitin f sme sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and wrk f Sctland's best lved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, cmes t Lndn. Selected frm cllectins thrughut the wrld, it is the first majr exhibitin f his wrk t be held in ver frty years.
Lecture Series
Scttish Natinal Prtrait(肖像画) Gallery presents a series f lectures fr the general public. They are held in the Lecture Rm. Admissin t lectures is free.
Exhibitin Times
Mnday-Saturday 10.00-17.45 Sunday 12.00-17.45
Last admissin t the exhibitin:17.15. There is n re-admissin.
Clsed:24-26 December and 1 January
Admissin
￡4. Children under 12 years accmpanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schls and Clleges
A special lw entrance charge f ￡2 per persn is available t all in full-time educatin, up t and including thse at first degree level, in rganised grups with teachers.
1. What is the right time fr attending Raeburn's English Cntempraries?
A. Sun. 26 Oct. B. Thurs. 30 Oct. C. Thurs. 6 Nv. D. Thurs. 13 Nv.
2. Hw much wuld a cuple with tw children under 12 pay fr admissin?
A. ￡4. B. ￡8. C. ￡12. D. ￡16.
3. Hw can full-time students get grup discunts?
A. They shuld g n Sunday mrnings. B. They shuld cme frm art schls.
C. They must be led by teachers. D. They must have ID cards with them.
答案
1. B 2. B 3. C
Passage 46(2022全国乙,B)主题：文学
In 1916, tw girls f wealthy families, best friends frm Auburn, N.Y.—Drthy Wdruff and Rsamnd Underwd—traveled t a settlement in the Rcky Muntains t teach in a ne-rm schlhuse. The girls had gne t Smith Cllege. They wre expensive clthes. S fr them t mve t Elkhead, Cl. t instruct the children whse shes were held tgether with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject f Nthing Daunted:The Unexpected Educatin f Tw Sciety Girls in the West by Drthy Wickenden, wh is a magazine editr and Drthy Wdruff's granddaughter.
Why did they g then? Well, they wanted t d smething useful. Sn, hwever, they realized what they had undertaken.
They mved in with a lcal family, the Harrisns, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket f snw n their quilt when they wke up in the mrning. Sme mrnings, Rsamnd and Drthy wuld arrive at the schlhuse t find the children weeping frm the cld. In spring, the snw was replaced by mud ver ice.
In Wickenden's bk, she expanded n the histry f the West and als n feminism, which f curse influenced the girls' decisin t g t Elkhead. A hair-raising sectin cncerns the building f the railrads, which entailed(牵涉) drilling thrugh the Rckies, ften in blinding snwstrms. The bk ends with Rsamnd and Drthy's return t Auburn.
Wickenden is a very gd stryteller. The sweep f the land and the sticism(坚忍) f the peple mve her t sme beautiful writing. Here is a picture f Drthy Wdruff, n her hrse, lking dwn frm a hill tp:“When the sun slipped behind the muntains, it shed a rsy glw all arund them. Then a full mn rse. The snw was marked nly by small animals: fxes, cytes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
1. Why did Drthy and Rsamnd g t the Rcky Muntains?
A. T teach in a schl. B. T study American histry.
C. T write a bk. D. T d sightseeing.
2. What can we learn abut the girls frm paragraph 3?
A. They enjyed much respect. B. They had a rm with a bathtub.
C. They lived with the lcal kids. D. They suffered severe hardships.
3. Which part f Wickenden's writing is hair-raising?
A. The extreme climate f Auburn. B. The living cnditins in Elkhead.
C. The railrad building in the Rckies. D. The natural beauty f the West.
4. What is the text?
A. A news reprt. B. A bk review.
C. A children's stry. D. A diary entry.
答案
1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B
Passage 47(2022全国乙,C)主题：科技发展
Can a small grup f drnes(无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability f railways and, at the same time, help railway peratrs save billins f eurs each year? That is the very likely future f applying tday's “eyes in the sky” technlgy t making sure that the millins f kilmetres f rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施) wrldwide are safe fr trains n a 24/7 basis.
Drnes are already being used t examine high-tensin electrical lines. They culd d precisely the same thing t inspect railway lines and ther vital aspects f rail infrastructure such as the crrect psitin f railway tracks and switching pints. The mre regularly they can be inspected, the mre railway safety, reliability and n-time perfrmance will be imprved. Csts wuld be cut and peratins wuld be mre efficient(高效) acrss the bard.
That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety. It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the crews' effrts.
By using the latest technlgies, drnes culd als start prviding higher-value services fr railways, detecting faults in the rail r switches, befre they can cause any safety prblems. T perfrm these tasks, drnes fr rail dn't need t be flying verhead. Engineers are nw wrking n a new cncept: the rail drnes f the future. They will be mving n the track ahead f the train, and prgrammed t run autnmusly. Very small drnes with advanced sensrs and AI and travelling ahead f the train culd guide it like a c-pilt. With their ability t see ahead, they culd signal any prblem, s that fast-mving trains wuld be able t react in time.
1. What makes the applicatin f drnes t rail lines pssible?
A. The use f drnes in checking n pwer lines.
B. Drnes' ability t wrk at high altitudes.
C. The reductin f cst in designing drnes.
D. Drnes' reliable perfrmance in remte areas.
2. What des “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Persnnel safety. B. Assistance frm drnes.
C. Inspectin and repair. D. Cnstructin f infrastructure.
3. What functin is expected f the rail drnes?
A. T prvide early warning. B. T make trains run autmatically.
C. T earn prfits fr the crews. D. T accelerate transprtatin.
4. Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drnes
B. Hw Prductin f Drnes Can Be Expanded
C. What Difficulty Drne Develpment Will Face
D. Hw Drnes Will Change the Future f Railways
答案
1. A 2. C 3. A 4. D
Passage 48(2022全国乙,D)主题：社会热点问题
The Gvernment's sugar tax n sft drinks has brught in half as much mney as Ministers first predicted it wuld generate, the first fficial data n the plicy has shwn.
First annunced in April, 2016, the tax which applies t sft drinks cntaining mre than 5g f sugar per 100ml, was intrduced t help reduce childhd besity(肥胖). It is believed that tday's children and teenagers are cnsuming three times the recmmended level f sugar, putting them at a higher risk f the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected t make ￡520m a year fr the Treasury. Hwever, data f the first six mnths shwed it wuld make less than half this amunt. At present it is expected t generate ￡240m fr the year ending in April 2019, which will g t schl sprts.
It cmes after mre than half f sft drinks sld in shps have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers(制造商) s they can avid paying the tax. Drinks nw cntain 45 millin fewer kils f sugar as a result f manufacturers' effrts t avid the charge, accrding t Treasury figures. Since April drinks cmpanies have been frced t pay between 18p and 24p fr every litre f sugary drink they prduce r imprt, depending n the sugar cntent.
Hwever, sme high sugar brands, like Classic Cca Cla, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing t change fr fear f upsetting cnsumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and mst alchlic drinks are free f the tax, as are small cmpanies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Tday's figures, accrding t ne gvernment fficial, shw the psitive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millins f punds fr sprts facilities(设施) and healthier eating in schls. Helping the next generatin t have a healthy and active childhd is f great imprtance, and the industry is playing its part.
1. Why was the sugar tax intrduced?
A. T cllect mney fr schls. B. T imprve the quality f drinks.
C. T prtect children's health. D. T encurage research in educatin.
2. Hw did sme drinks cmpanies respnd t the sugar tax?
A. They turned t verseas markets. B. They raised the prices f their prducts.
C. They cut dwn n their prductin. D. They reduced their prducts' sugar cntent.
3. Frm which f the fllwing is the sugar tax cllected?
A. Mst alchlic drinks. B. Milk-based drinks.
C. Fruit juices. D. Classic Cke.
4. What can be inferred abut the adptin f the sugar tax plicy?
A. It is a shrt-sighted decisin. B. It is a success stry.
C. It benefits manufacturers. D. It upsets custmers.
答案
1. C 2. D 3. D 4. B
题组十三
Passage 49(2022全国甲,A)主题：艺术
Theatres and Entertainment
St David's Hall
St David's Hall is the award winning Natinal Cncert Hall f Wales standing at the very heart f Cardiff's entertainment centre. With an impressive 2,000-seat cncert hall, St David's Hall is hme t the annual Welsh Prms Cardiff. It presents live entertainment, including pp, rck, flk, jazz, musicals, dance, wrld music, films and classical music.
The Hayes, Cardiff CF10 1AH
The Glee Club
Every weekend this is “Wales”premier cmedy club where having a great time is the rder fr bth audiences and cmedy stars alike. It is hard t name a cmedy star wh hasn't been n the stage here. If yu are lking fr the best cmedies n tur and brilliant live music, yu shuld start here.
Mermaid Quay, Cardiff Bay, Cardiff CF10 5BZ
Sherman Cymru
Sherman Cymru's theatre in the Cathays area f Cardiff repened in February 2012. This special building is a place in which theatre is made and where children, artists, writers and anyne else have the pprtunity(机会) t d creative things. Sherman Cymru is excited t present a packed prgramme f the very best theatre, dance, family shws and music frm Wales and the rest f the wrld.
Senghennydd Rad, Cardiff CF24 4YE
New Theatre
The New Theatre has been the hme f quality drama, musicals, dance and children's shws fr mre than 100 years. Presenting the best f the West End alng with the pick f the UK's turing shws, the New Theatre is Cardiff's ldest surviving traditinal theatre. Be sure t pay a visit as part f yur stay in the city.
Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3LN
1. Where is the Welsh Prms Cardiff hsted?
A. At the New Theatre. B. At the Glee Club.
C. At Sherman Cymru. D. At St David's Hall.
2. What can peple d at the Glee Club?
A. Watch musicals. B. Enjy cmedies. C. See family shws. D. D creative things.
3. Which website can yu visit t learn abut Cardiff's ldest surviving theatre?
A. B.
C. D.
答案
1. D 2. B 3. A
Passage 50(2022全国甲,B)主题：人与动物
Gffin's cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld. Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild, the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cckats were presented with a bx with a nut inside it. The clear frnt f the bx had a “keyhle” in a gemetric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” t chse frm. Inserting the crrect “key” wuld let ut the nut.
In humans, babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age, but it will be anther year befre they are able t d the same with less symmetrical(对称的) shapes. This ability t recgnize that a shape will need t be turned in a specific directin befre it will fit is called an “allcentric frame f reference”. In the experiment, Gffin's cckats were able t select the right tl fr the jb, in mst cases, by visual recgnitin alne. Where trial-and-errr was used, the cckats did better than mnkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Gffin's cckats d indeed pssess an allcentric frame f reference when mving bjects in space, similar t tw-year-ld babies.
The next step, accrding t the researchers, is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely n visual clues(线索), r als use a sense f tuch in making their shape selectins.
1. Hw did the cckats get the nut frm the bx in the experiment?
A. By fllwing instructins. B. By using a tl.
C. By turning the bx arund. D. By remving the lid.
2. Which task can human ne-year-lds mst likely cmplete accrding t the text?
A. Using a key t unlck a dr. B. Telling parrts frm ther birds.
C. Putting a ball int a rund hle. D. Gruping tys f different shapes.
3. What des the fllw-up test aim t find ut abut the cckats?
A. Hw far they are able t see.
B. Hw they track mving bjects.
C. Whether they are smarter than mnkeys.
D. Whether they use a sense f tuch in the test.
4. Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Cckats:Quick Errr Checkers B. Cckats:Independent Learners
C. Cckats:Clever Signal-Readers D. Cckats:Skilful Shape-Srters
答案
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. D
Passage 51(2022全国甲,C)主题：生活与学习
As Ginni Bazlintn reached Antarctica, she fund herself greeted by a grup f little Gent penguins(企鹅) lnging t say hell. These gentle, lvely gatekeepers welcmed her and kick-started what was t be a trip Ginni wuld never frget.
Ever since her childhd, Ginni, nw 71, has had a deep lve fr travel. Thrughut her career (职业) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further. When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time t take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began t travel the wrld, eventually getting wrk teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discvered she culd get last-minute cheap deals n ships ging t Antarctica frm the islands ff Tierra del Fueg, the suthernmst tip f the Suth American mainland. “I just decided I wanted t g,” she says. “I had n idea abut what I'd find there and I wasn't nervus, I just wanted t d it. And I wanted t d it alne as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni barded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met befre, t begin the jurney twards Antarctica. “Frm seeing the wildlife t witnessing sunrises, the whle experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impressin n me that n ther place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rse ut f the water like sme prehistric creature and I thught it was smiling at us. Yu culd still hear the peratic sunds it was making underwater.”
The realizatin that this is a precius land, t be respected by humans, was ne f the biggest things that hit hme t Ginni.
1. Which f the fllwing best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lst memries. D. Stick t a prmise.
2. What made Ginni decide n the trip t Antarctica?
A. Lvely penguins. B. Beautiful scenery.
C. A discunt fare. D. A friend's invitatin.
3. What des Ginni think abut Antarctica after the jurney?
A. It culd be a hme fr her. B. It shuld be easily accessible.
C. It shuld be well preserved. D. It needs t be fully intrduced.
4. What is the text mainly abut?
A. A childhd dream. B. An unfrgettable experience.
C. Sailing arund the wrld. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
答案
1. A 2. C 3. C 4. B
Passage 52(2022全国甲,D)主题：历史、社会与文化
Smetime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discvered its harbr. Then, ne after anther, Sydney discvered lts f things that were just srt f there—brad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse ppulatin. But it is the harbr that makes the city.
Andrew Reynlds, a cheerful fellw in his early 30s, pilts Sydney ferrybats fr a living. I spent the whle mrning shuttling back and frth acrss the harbr. After ur third run Andrew shut dwn the engine, and we went ur separate ways—he fr a lunch break, I t explre the city.
“I'll miss these ld bats,” he said as we parted.
“Hw d yu mean?” I asked.
“Oh, they're replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they're nt s elegant, and they're nt fun t pilt. But that's prgress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and prgress are the watchwrds(口号), and traditins are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city's fficial histrian, tld me that in its rush t mdernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much f its past, including many f its finest buildings. “Sydney is cnfused abut itself,” she said. “We can't seem t make up ur minds whether we want a mdern city r a traditinal ne. It's a cnflict that we aren't getting any better at reslving(解决).”
On the ther hand, being yung and ld at the same time has its attractins. I cnsidered this when I met a thughtful yung businessman named Anthny. “Many peple say that we lack culture in this cuntry,” he tld me. “What peple frget is that the Italians, when they came t Australia, brught 2000 years f their culture, the Greeks sme 3000 years, and the Chinese mre still. We've gt a fundatin built n ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism f a yung cuntry. It's a pretty hard cmbinatin t beat.”
He is right, but I can't help wishing they wuld keep thse ld ferries.
1. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. Sydney's striking architecture. B. The cultural diversity f Sydney.
C. The key t Sydney's develpment. D. Sydney's turist attractins in the 1960s.
2. What can we learn abut Andrew Reynlds?
A. He ges t wrk by bat. B. He lks frward t a new life.
C. He pilts catamarans well. D. He is attached t the ld ferries.
3. What des Shirley Fitzgerald think f Sydney?
A. It is lsing its traditins. B. It shuld speed up its prgress.
C. It shuld expand its ppulatin. D. It is becming mre internatinal.
4. Which statement will the authr prbably agree with?
A. A city can be yung and ld at the same time.
B. A city built n ancient cultures is mre dynamic.
C. Mdernity is usually achieved at the cst f elegance.
D. Cmprmise shuld be made between the lcal and the freign.
答案
1. C 2. D 3. A 4. A
题组十四
Passage 53(2021全国乙,A)主题：建筑领域的代表性作品
The Biggest Stadiums in the Wrld
Peple have been puring int stadiums since the days f ancient Greece. In arund 80 A.D., the Rmans built the Clsseum, which remains the wrld's best knwn stadium and cntinues t infrm cntemprary design. Rme's Clsseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50,000 peple. Hwever, that was small fry cmpared with the city's Circus Maximus, which accmmdated arund 250,000 peple.
These days, safety regulatins—nt t mentin the mdern sprts fan's desire fr a gd view and a cmfrtable seat—tend t keep stadium capacities(容量) slightly lwer. Even sccer fans tend t have a seat each; gne are the days f thusands standing t watch the match.
Fr the biggest stadiums in the wrld, we have used data supplied by the Wrld Atlas list s far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated infrmatin frm fficial stadium websites.
All these stadiums are still functinal, still pen and still hsting the biggest events in wrld sprt.
·Rungrad 1st f May Stadium, Pyngyang, Krea. Capacity:150,000. Opened: May 1, 1989.
·Michigan Stadium,Ann Arbr, Michigan, U.S. Capacity:107,601. Opened:Octber 1, 1927.
·Beaver Stadium, State Cllege, Pennsylvania, U.S. Capacity:106,572. Opened:September 17, 1960.
·Ohi Stadium,Clumbus, Ohi, U.S. Capacity:104,944. Opened:Octber 7, 1922.
·Kyle Field, Cllege Statin, Texas, U.S. Capacity:102,512. Opened:September 24,1927.
1. Hw many peple culd the Circus Maximus hld?
A. 104,944. B. 107,601.C. Abut 150,000. D. Abut 250,000.
2. Of the fllwing stadiums, which is the ldest?
A. Michigan Stadium. B. Beaver Stadium.C. Ohi Stadium. D. Kyle Field.
3. What d the listed stadiums have in cmmn?
A. They hst big games. B. They have becme turist attractins.
C. They were built by Americans. D. They are favred by architects.
答案
1. D 2. C 3. A
Passage 54(2021全国乙,B)主题：科技发展
When almst everyne has a mbile phne,why are mre than half f Australian hmes still paying fr a landline (座机)?
These days yu'd be hard pressed t find anyne in Australia ver the age f 15 wh desn't wn a mbile phne. In fact plenty f yunger kids have ne in their pcket. Practically everyne can make and receive calls anywhere,anytime.
Still, 55 percent f Australians have a landline phne at hme and nly just ver a quarter (29%) rely nly n their smartphnes, accrding t a survey(调查). Of thse Australians wh still have a landline,a third cncede that it's nt really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies.I think my hme falls int that categry.
Mre than half f Australian hmes are still chsing t stick with their hme phne. Age is naturally a factr(因素)—nly 58 percent f Generatin Ys still use landlines nw and then,cmpared t 84 percent f Baby Bmers wh've perhaps had the same hme number fr 50 years. Age isn't the nly factr; I'd say it's als t d with the makeup f yur husehld.
Generatin Xers with yung families, like my wife and I, can still find it cnvenient t have a hme phne rather than prviding a mbile phne fr every family member. That said, t be hnest the nly peple wh ever ring ur hme phne are ur Baby Bmers parents, t the pint where we play a game and guess wh is calling befre we pick up the phne(using Caller ID wuld take the fun ut f it).
Hw attached are yu t yur landline?Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries?
1. What des paragraph 2 mainly tell us abut mbile phnes?
A. Their target users. B. Their wide ppularity.
C. Their majr functins. D. Their cmplex design.
2. What des the underlined wrd “cncede” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Admit. B. Argue. C. Remember. D. Remark.
3. What can we say abut Baby Bmers?
A. They like smartphne games. B. They enjy guessing callers' identity.
C. They keep using landline phnes. D. They are attached t their family.
4. What can be inferred abut the landline frm the last paragraph?
A. It remains a family necessity. B. It will fall ut f use sme day.
C. It may increase daily expenses. D. It is as imprtant as the gas light.
答案
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B
Passage 55(2021全国乙,C)主题：环境保护
Yu've heard that plastic is plluting the ceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 millin tnnes enter cean ecsystems every year. But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des. He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts.
At the beginning f the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpcalypse,”a pair f 10-ft-tall plastic waves, frzen mid-crash. Made f 168,000 plastic straws cllected frm several vlunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shpping center in H Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% f glbal plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by n means the biggest surce(来源) f plastic pllutin, but they've recently cme under fire because mst peple dn't need them t drink with and, because f their small size and weight, they cannt be recycled. Every straw that's part f Vn Wng's artwrk likely came frm a drink that smene used fr nly a few minutes.Once the drink is gne,the straw will take centuries t disappear.
In a piece frm 2018,Vn Wng wanted t illustrate(说明) a specific statistic:Every 60 secnds,a trucklad's wrth f plastic enters the cean. Fr this wrk, titled “Trucklad f Plastic,” Vn Wng and a grup f vlunteers cllected mre than 10,000 pieces f plastic, which were then tied tgether t lk like they'd been dumped(倾倒)frm a truck all at nce.
Vn Wng hpes that his wrk will als help pressure big cmpanies t reduce their plastic ftprint.
1. What are Vn Wng's artwrks intended fr?
A. Beautifying the city he lives in. B. Intrducing ec-friendly prducts.
C. Drawing public attentin t plastic waste. D. Reducing garbage n the beach.
2. Why des the authr discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?
A. T shw the difficulty f their recycling. B. T explain why they are useful.
C. T vice his views n mdern art. D. T find a substitute fr them.
3. What effect wuld “Trucklad f Plastic” have n viewers?
A. Calming. B. Disturbing. C. Refreshing. D. Challenging.
4. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Artists' Opinins n Plastic Safety
B. Media Interest in Cntemprary Art
C. Respnsibility Demanded f Big Cmpanies
D. Ocean Plastics Transfrmed int Sculptures
答案
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D
Passage 56(2021全国乙,D)主题：生活与学习
During an interview fr ne f my bks, my interviewer said smething I still think abut ften. Annyed by the level f distractin(干扰) in his pen ffice, he said, “That's why I have a membership at the cwrking space acrss the street—s I can fcus.” His cmment struck me as strange. After all, cwrking spaces als typically use an pen ffice layut(布局). But I recently came acrss a study that shws why his apprach wrks.
The researchers examined varius levels f nise n participants as they cmpleted tests f creative thinking. They were randmly divided int fur grups and expsed t varius nise levels in the backgrund, frm ttal silence t 50 decibels(分贝), 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between mst f the grups were statistically insignificant; hwever, the participants in the 70 decibels grup—thse expsed t a level f nise similar t backgrund chatter in a cffee shp—significantly utperfrmed the ther grups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that ur creative thinking des nt differ that much in respnse t ttal silence and 85 decibels f backgrund nise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study als suggests that the right level f backgrund nise—nt t lud and nt ttal silence—may actually imprve ne's creative thinking ability. The right level f backgrund nise may interrupt ur nrmal patterns f thinking just enugh t allw ur imaginatins t wander, withut making it impssible t fcus. This kind f “distracted fcus”appears t be the best state fr wrking n creative tasks.
S why d s many f us hate ur pen ffices? The prblem may be that, in ur ffices, we can't stp urselves frm getting drawn int thers' cnversatins while we're trying t fcus. Indeed, the researchers fund that face-t-face interactins and cnversatins affect the creative prcess, and yet a cwrking space r a cffee shp prvides a certain level f nise while als prviding freedm frm interruptins.
1. Why des the interviewer prefer a cwrking space?
A. It helps him cncentrate. B. It blcks ut backgrund nise.
C. It has a pleasant atmsphere. D. It encurages face-t-face interactins.
2. Which level f backgrund nise may prmte creative thinking ability?
A. Ttal silence. B. 50 decibels. C. 70 decibels. D. 85 decibels.
3. What makes an pen ffice unwelcme t many peple?
A. Persnal privacy unprtected. B. Limited wrking space.
C. Restrictins n grup discussin. D. Cnstant interruptins.
4. What can we infer abut the authr frm the text?
A. He's a news reprter. B. He's an ffice manager.
C. He's a prfessinal designer. D. He's a published writer.
答案
1. A 2. C 3. D 4. D
题组十五
Passage 57(2021全国甲,A)主题：艺术
Take a view, the Landscape(风景)Phtgrapher f the Year Award, was the idea f Charlie Waite, ne f tday's mst respected landscape phtgraphers. Each year, the high standard f entries has shwn that the Awards are the perfect platfrm t shwcase the very best phtgraphy f the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual cmpetitin fr phtgraphers frm all crners f the UK and beynd.
1. Wh wuld mst prbably enter fr Take a view?
A. Writers. B. Phtgraphers.
C. Painters. D. Turists.
2. What d the wrks by Shepherd and Smith have in cmmn?
A. They are winter images.
B. They are in black and white.
C. They shw muntainus scenes.
D. They fcus n snw-cvered frests.
3. Where can the text be fund?
A. In a histry bk. B. In a nvel.
C. In an art magazine. D. In a bigraphy.
答案
1. B 2. A 3. C
Passage 58(2021全国甲,B)主题：人与动物
Prt Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding(繁育) prgramme, has welcmed the arrival f a rare black rhin calf(犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived n January 31, she became the 40th black rhin t be brn at the reserve. And fficials at Prt Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhins are knwn fr being difficult t breed in captivity(圈养).
Paul Beer, head f rhin sectin at Prt Lympne, said:“Obviusly we're all abslutely delighted t welcme anther calf t ur black rhin family. She's healthy, strng and already eager t play and explre. Her mther, Sli, is a first-time mum and she is ding a fantastic jb. It's still a little t cld fr them t g ut int the pen, but as sn as the weather warms up, I have n dubt that the little ne will be ut and abut explring and playing every day.”
The adrable female calf is the secnd black rhin brn this year at the reserve, but it is t early t tell if the calves will make gd candidates t be returned t prtected areas f the wild. The first rhin t be brn at Prt Lympne arrived n January 5 t first-time mther Kisima and weighed abut 32kg. His mther, grandmther and great grandmther were all brn at the reserve and still live there.
Accrding t the Wrld Wildlife Fund, the glbal black rhin ppulatin has drpped as lw as 5500, giving the rhins a “critically endangered” status.
1. Which f the fllwing best describes the breeding prgramme?
A. Cstly. B. Cntrversial. C. Ambitius. D. Successful.
2. What des Paul Beer say abut the new-brn rhin?
A. She lves staying with her mther. B. She dislikes utdr activities.
C. She is in gd cnditin. D. She is sensitive t heat.
3. What similar experience d Sli and Kisima have?
A. They had their first brn in January.
B. They enjyed explring new places.
C. They lived with their grandmthers.
D. They were brught t the reserve yung.
4. What can be inferred abut Prt Lympne Reserve?
A. The rhin sectin will be pen t the public.
B. It aims t cntrl the number f the animals.
C. It will cntinue t wrk with the Wrld Wildlife Fund.
D. Sme f its rhins may be sent t the prtected wild areas.
答案
1. D 2. C 3. A 4. D
Passage 59(2021全国甲,C)主题：社会交往
When I was 9, we packed up ur hme in Ls Angeles and arrived at Heathrw, Lndn n a gray January mrning. Everyne in the family settled quickly int the city except me. Withut my belved beaches and endless blue-sky days, I felt at a lss and ut f place. Until I made a discvery.
Suthbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center f British skatebarding, where the cntinuus crashing f skatebards left yur head ringing. I lved it. I sn made friends with the lcal skaters. We spke ur wn language. And my favrite: Safe. Safe meant cl. It meant hell. It meant dn't wrry abut it. Once, when trying a certain trick n the beam(横杆), I fell nt the stnes, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Tby came ver, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their bards lud, shuting: “Safe!Safe!Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater.
When I was 15, my family mved t Washingtn. I tried skatebarding there, but the lcals were far less welcming. Within a cuple f years, I'd given it up.
When I returned t Lndn in 2004, I fund myself wandering dwn t Suthbank, spending hurs there. I've traveled back several times since, mst recently this past spring. The day was cld but clear; turists and Lndners stpped t watch the skaters. Weaving (穿梭)amng the kids wh rushed by n their bards, I fund my way t the beam. Then a rail-thin teenager, in a baggy white T-shirt, skidded(滑)up t the beam. He sat next t me. He seemed nt t ntice the man next t him. But sn I caught a few f his glances. “I was a lcal here 20 years ag,” I tld him. Then, slwly, he began t nd his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
1. What can we learn abut the authr sn after he mved t Lndn?
A. He felt disappinted. B. He gave up his hbby.
C. He liked the weather there. D. He had disagreements with his family.
2. What d the underlined wrds “Safe!Safe!Safe!” prbably mean?
A. Be careful! B. Well dne! C. N way! D. Dn't wrry!
3. Why did the authr like t spend time in Suthbank when he returned t Lndn?
A. T jin the skatebarding. B. T make new friends.
C. T learn mre tricks. D. T relive his childhd days.
4. What message des the authr seem t cnvey in the text?
A. Children shuld learn a secnd language.
B. Sprt is necessary fr children's health.
C. Children need a sense f belnging.
D. Seeing the wrld is a must fr children.
答案
1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C
Passage 60(2021全国甲,D)主题：社会进步与人类文明
Wh is a genius? This questin has greatly interested humankind fr centuries.
Let's state clearly:Einstein was a genius. His face is almst the internatinal symbl fr genius. But we want t g beynd ne man and explre the nature f genius itself. Why is it that sme peple are s much mre intelligent r creative than the rest f us? And wh are they?
In the sciences and arts, thse praised as geniuses were mst ften white men, f Eurpean rigin. Perhaps this is nt a surprise. It's said that histry is written by the victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club—wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief—they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.
A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender(性别) are “really, really smart.” Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief:Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are “really, really smart.” Can ur planet affrd t have any great thinkers becme discuraged and give up? It desn't take a genius t knw the answer:abslutely nt.
Here's the gd news. In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we're all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear. And the mre we lk, the mre we will see that scial factrs(因素) like gender, race, and class d nt determine the appearance f genius. As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple gd frtune, wh are able t change the wrld.”
1. What des the authr think f victrs' standards fr jining the genius club?
A. They're unfair. B. They're cnservative.
C. They're bjective. D. They're strict.
2. What can we infer abut girls frm the study in Science?
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They lk up t great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than bys.
D. They are likely t be influenced by scial beliefs.
3. Why are mre geniuses knwn t the public?
A. Imprved glbal cmmunicatin. B. Less discriminatin against wmen.
C. Acceptance f victrs' cncepts. D. Changes in peple's scial psitins.
4. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Geniuses Think Alike B. Genius Takes Many Frms
C. Genius and Intelligence D. Genius and Luck
答案
1. A 2. D 3. A 4. B
题组十六
Passage 61(2020全国Ⅰ,A)主题：社会服务
Train Infrmatin
All custmers travelling n TransLink services must be in pssessin f a valid ticket befre barding. Fr ticket infrmatin, please ask at yur lcal statin r call 13 12 30.
While Queensland Rail makes every effrt t ensure trains run as scheduled, there can be n guarantee f cnnectins between trains r between train services and bus services.
Lst prperty(失物招领)
Call Lst Prperty n 13 16 17 during business hurs fr items lst n Queensland Rail services. The lst prperty ffice is pen Mnday t Friday 7:30 am t 5:00 pm and is lcated(位于)at Rma Street statin.
Public hlidays
On public hlidays, generally a Sunday timetable perates. On certain majr event days, i.e. Australia Day, Anzac Day, sprting and cultural days, special additinal services may perate. Christmas Day services perate t a Christmas Day timetable. Befre travel please visit r call TransLink n 13 12 30 anytime.
Custmers using mbility devices
Many statins have wheelchair access frm the car park r entrance t the statin platfrms. Fr assistance, please call Queensland Rail n 13 16 17.
Guardian trains(utbund)
1. What wuld yu d t get ticket infrmatin?
A. Call 13 16 17. B. Visit
C. Ask at the lcal statin. D. Check the train schedule.
2. At which statin can yu find the lst prperty ffice?
A. Altandi. B. Rma Street.
C. Varsity Lakes. D. Frtitude Valley.
3. Which train wuld yu take if yu g frm Central t Varsity Lakes?
A. 6:42 pm. B. 7:29 pm. C. 8:57 pm. D. 11:02 pm.
答案
1. C 2. B 3. B
Passage 62(2020全国Ⅰ,B)主题：认识自我
Returning t a bk yu've read many times can feel like drinks with an ld friend. There's a welcme familiarity—but als smetimes a slight suspicin that time has changed yu bth, and thus the relatinship. But bks dn't change, peple d. And that's what makes the act f rereading s rich and transfrmative.
The beauty f rereading lies in the idea that ur bnd with the wrk is based n ur present mental register. It's true, the lder I get, the mre I feel time has wings. But with reading, it's all abut the present. It's abut the nw and what ne cntributes t the nw, because reading is a give and take between authr and reader. Each has t pull their wn weight.
There are three bks I reread annually. The first, which I take t reading every spring, is Ernest Hemingway's A Mveable Feast. Published in 1964, it's his classic memir f 1920s Paris. The language is almst intxicating(令人陶醉的), an aging writer lking back n an ambitius yet simpler time. Anther is Annie Dillard's Hly the Firm, her petic 1975 ramble(随笔)abut everything and nthing. The third bk is Juli Crt?zar's Save Twilight:Selected Pems, because petry. And because Crt?zar.
While I tend t buy a lt f bks, these three were given t me as gifts, which might add t the meaning I attach t them. But I imagine that, while mney is indeed wnderful and necessary, rereading an authr's wrk is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best bks are the nes that pen further as time passes. But remember, it's yu that has t grw and read and reread in rder t better understand yur friends.
1. Why des the authr like rereading?
A. It evaluates the writer-reader relatinship.B. It's a windw t a whle new wrld.
C. It's a substitute fr drinking with a friend.D. It extends the understanding f neself.
2. What d we knw abut the bk A Mveable Feast?
A. It's a brief accunt f a trip. B. It's abut Hemingway's life as a yung man.
C. It's a recrd f a histric event. D. It's abut Hemingway's friends in Paris.
3. What des the underlined wrd “currency” in paragraph 4 refer t?
A. Debt. B. Reward. C. Allwance. D. Face value.
4. What can we infer abut the authr frm the text?
A. He lves petry. B. He's an editr.C. He's very ambitius. D. He teaches reading.
答案
1. D 2. B 3. B 4. A
Passage 63(2020全国Ⅰ,C)主题：体育健康
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shws, while mst likely cntributing t fewer injuries. It des, hwever, have its wn prblem.
Race walkers are cnditined athletes. The lngest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilmeter race walk, which is abut five miles lnger than the marathn. But the sprt's rules require that a race walker's knees stay straight thrugh mst f the leg swing and ne ft remain in cntact(接触) with the grund at all times. It's this strange frm that makes race walking such an attractive activity, hwever, says Jaclyn Nrberg, an assistant prfessr f exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. Accrding t mst calculatins, race walkers mving at a pace f six miles per hur wuld burn abut 800 calries(卡路里) per hur, which is apprximately twice as many as they wuld burn walking, althugh fewer than running, which wuld prbably burn abut 1,000 r mre calries per hur.
Hwever, race walking des nt pund the bdy as much as running des, Dr. Nrberg says. Accrding t her research, runners hit the grund with as much as fur times their bdy weight per step, while race walkers, wh d nt leave the grund, create nly abut 1.4 times their bdy weight with each step.
As a result, she says, sme f the injuries assciated with running, such as runner's knee, are uncmmn amng race walkers. But the sprt's strange frm des place cnsiderable stress n the ankles and hips, s peple with a histry f such injuries might want t be cautius in adpting the sprt. In fact, anyne wishing t try race walking shuld prbably first cnsult a cach r experienced racer t learn prper technique, she says. It takes sme practice.
1. Why are race walkers cnditined athletes?
A. They must run lng distances. B. They are qualified fr the marathn.
C. They have t fllw special rules. D. They are gd at swinging their legs.
2. What advantage des race walking have ver running?
A. It's mre ppular at the Olympics. B. It's less challenging physically.
C. It's mre effective in bdy building. D. It's less likely t cause knee injuries.
3. What is Dr. Nrberg's suggestin fr smene trying race walking?
A. Getting experts' pinins. B. Having a medical checkup.
C. Hiring an experienced cach. D. Ding regular exercises.
4. Which wrd best describes the authr's attitude t race walking?
A. Skeptical. B. Objective. C. Tlerant. D. Cnservative.
答案
1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B
Passage 64(2020全国Ⅰ,D)主题：人与植物
The cnnectin between peple and plants has lng been the subject f scientific research. Recent studies have fund psitive effects. A study cnducted in Yungstwn, Ohi, fr example, discvered that greener areas f the city experienced less crime. In anther, emplyees were shwn t be 15% mre prductive when their wrkplaces were decrated with huseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy(MIT)have taken it a step further—changing the actual cmpsitin f plants in rder t get them t perfrm diverse, even unusual functins. These include plants that have sensrs printed nt their leaves t shw when they're shrt f water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in grundwater. “We're thinking abut hw we can engineer plants t replace functins f the things that we use every day,”explained Michael Stran, a prfessr f chemical engineering at MIT.
One f his latest prjects has been t make plants glw(发光)in experiments using sme cmmn vegetables. Stran's team fund that they culd create a faint light fr three-and-a-half hurs. The light, abut ne-thusandth f the amunt needed t read by, is just a start. The technlgy, Stran said, culd ne day be used t light the rms r even t turn trees int self-pwered street lamps.
In the future, the team hpes t develp a versin f the technlgy that can be sprayed nt plant leaves in a ne-ff treatment that wuld last the plant's lifetime. The engineers are als trying t develp an n and ff “switch” where the glw wuld fade when expsed t daylight.
Lighting accunts fr abut 7% f the ttal electricity cnsumed in the US. Since lighting is ften far remved frm the pwer surce(电源)—such as the distance frm a pwer plant t street lamps n a remte highway—a lt f energy is lst during transmissin(传输). Glwing plants culd reduce this distance and therefre help save energy.
1. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. A new study f different plants. B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Emplyees frm varius wrkplaces. D. Benefits frm green plants.
2. What is the functin f the sensrs printed n plant leaves by MIT engineers?
A. T detect plants' lack f water. B. T change cmpsitins f plants.
C. T make the life f plants lnger. D. T test chemicals in plants.
3. What can we expect f the glwing plants in the future?
A. They will speed up energy prductin.
B. They may transmit electricity t the hme.
C. They might help reduce energy cnsumptin.
D. They culd take the place f pwer plants.
4. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Can we grw mre glwing plants? B. Hw d we live with glwing plants?
C. Culd glwing plants replace lamps? D. Hw are glwing plants made pllutin-free?
答案
1. D 2. A 3. C 4. C
题组十七
Passage 65(2020全国Ⅱ,A)主题：社会服务
The Lake District Attractins Guide
Dalemain Mansin & Histric Gardens
Histry, Culture & Landscape(景观). Discver and enjy 4 centuries f histry, 5 acres f celebrated and award-winning gardens with parkland walk. Owned by the Hasell family since 1679, hme t the Internatinal Marmalade Festival. Gifts and antiques, plant sales, museums & Mediaeval Hall Tearm.
Open:29 Mar-29 Oct, Sun t Thurs.
Tearm, Gardens & Gift Shp:10.30-17.00(16.00 in Oct).
Huse:11.15-16.00(15.00 in Oct).
Twn:Pley Bridge & Penrith
Abbt Hall Art Gallery & Museum
Thse viewing the quality f Abbt Hall's temprary exhibitins may be frgiven fr thinking they are in a city gallery. The impressive permanent cllectin includes Turners and Rmneys and the temprary exhibitin prgramme has Canalett and the artists frm St Ives.
Open: Mn t Sat and Summer Sundays. 10.30-17.00 Summer. 10.30-16.00 Winter.
Twn:Kendal
Tullie Huse Museum & Art Gallery
Discver, explre and enjy award-winning Tullie Huse, where histric cllectins, cntemprary art and family fun are brught tgether in ne impressive museum and art gallery. There are fur fantastic galleries t visit frm fine art t interactive fun, s there's smething fr everyne!
Open:High Seasn 1 Apr-31 Oct: Mn t Sat 10.00-17.00, Sun 11.00-17.00.
Lw Seasn 1 Nv-31 Mar: Mn t Sat 10.00-16.30, Sun 12.00-16.30.
Twn: Carlisle
Dve Cttage & The Wrdswrth Museum
Discver William Wrdswrth's inspiratinal hme. Take a tur f his Lakeland cttage, walk thrugh his hillside garden and explre the riches f the cllectin in the Museum. Visit the shp and relax in the café. Exhibitins, events and family activities thrughut the year.
Open: Daily, 09.30-17.30(last admissin 17.00).
Twn: Grasmere
1. When is the Huse at Dalemain Mansin & Histric Gardens pen n Sundays in July?
A. 09.30-17.30. B. 10.30-16.00. C. 11.15-16.00. D. 12.00-16.30.
2. What can visitrs d at Abbt Hall Art Gallery & Museum?
A. Enjy Rmney's wrks. B. Have sme interactive fun.
C. Attend a famus festival. D. Learn the histry f a family.
3. Where shuld visitrs g if they want t explre Wrdswrth's life?
A. Penrith. B. Kendal. C. Carlisle. D. Grasmere.
答案
1. C 2. A 3. D
Passage 66(2020全国Ⅱ,B)主题：善于学习
Sme parents will buy any high-tech ty if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychlgist Susan Levine, an expert n mathematics develpment in yung children at the University f Chicag, fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develp better spatial skills. Puzzle play was fund t be a significant predictr f cgnitin(认知) after cntrlling fr differences in parents' incme, educatin and the amunt f parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed vide recrdings f 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at hme and fund children wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 mnths f age.
“The children wh played with puzzles perfrmed better than thse wh did nt, n tasks that assessed their ability t rtate(旋转) and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked t interact with their children as they nrmally wuld, and abut half f the children in the study played with puzzles at ne time. Higher-incme parents tended t have children play with puzzles mre frequently, and bth bys and girls wh played with puzzles had better spatial skills. Hwever, bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles than girls, and the parents f bys prvided mre spatial language and were mre active during puzzle play than the parents f girls.
The findings were published in the jurnal Develpmental Science.
1. In which aspect d children benefit frm puzzle play?
A. Building cnfidence. B. Develping spatial skills.
C. Learning self-cntrl. D. Gaining high-tech knwledge.
2. What did Levine take int cnsideratin when designing her experiment?
A. Parents' age. B. Children's imaginatin.
C. Parents' educatin. D. Child-parent relatinship.
3. Hw d bys differ frm girls in puzzle play?
A. They play with puzzles mre ften.
B. They tend t talk less during the game.
C. They prefer t use mre spatial language.
D. They are likely t play with tugher puzzles.
4. What is the text mainly abut?
A. A mathematical methd. B. A scientific study.
C. A wman psychlgist. D. A teaching prgram.
答案
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. B
Passage 67(2020全国Ⅱ,C)主题：人与动物
When yu were trying t figure ut what t buy fr the envirnmentalist n yur hliday list, fur prbably didn't crss yur mind. But sme eclgists and fashin(时装)enthusiasts are trying t bring back the market fr fur made frm nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashin shws in New Orleans and Brklyn have shwcased nutria fur made int clthes in different styles. “It sunds crazy t talk abut guilt-free fur—unless yu understand that the nutria are destrying vast wetlands every year,” says Cree McCree, prject directr f Righteus Fur.
Scientists in Luisiana were s cncerned that they decided t pay hunters $5 a tail. Sme f the fur ends up in the fashin shws like the ne in Brklyn last mnth.
Nutria were brught there frm Argentina by fur farmers and let g int the wild. “The ecsystem dwn there can't handle this nn-native species(物种). It's destrying the envirnment. It's them r us,” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria in check fr decades, but when the market fr nutria cllapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Bilgist Edmnd Mutn runs the nutria cntrl prgram fr Luisiana. He says it's nt easy t cnvince peple that nutria fur is green, but he has n dubt abut it. Hunters bring in mre than 300,000 nutria tails a year, s part f Mutn's jb these days is trying t prmte fur.
Then there's Righteus Fur and its unusual fashins. Mdel Paige Mrgan says, “T give peple a guilt-free ptin that they can wear withut smene thrwing paint n them—I think that's ging t be a massive thing, at least here in New Yrk.” Designer Jennifer Andersn admits it tk her a while t cme arund t the pinin that using nutria fur fr her creatins is mrally acceptable. She's trying t cme up with a label t attach t nutria fashins t shw it is ec-friendly.
1. What is the purpse f the fashin shws in New Orleans and Brklyn?
A. T prmte guilt-free fur. B. T expand the fashin market.
C. T intrduce a new brand. D. T celebrate a winter hliday.
2. Why are scientists cncerned abut nutria?
A. Nutria damage the ecsystem seriusly. B. Nutria are an endangered species.
C. Nutria hurt lcal cat-sized animals. D. Nutria are illegally hunted.
3. What des the underlined wrd “cllapsed” in paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A. Bmed. B. Became mature.
C. Remained stable. D. Crashed.
4. What can we infer abut wearing fur in New Yrk accrding t Mrgan?
A. It's frmal. B. It's risky.
C. It's harmful. D. It's traditinal.
答案
1. A 2. A 3. D 4. B
Passage 68(2020全国Ⅱ,D)主题：终身学习
I have a special place in my heart fr libraries. I have fr as lng as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, smetimes reading up t three bks a day as a child. Stries were like air t me and while ther kids played ball r went t parties, I lived ut adventures thrugh the bks I checked ut frm the library.
My first jb was wrking at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years ld. It was a dream jb and I did everything frm shelving bks t reading t the children fr stry time.
As I grew lder and became a mther, the library tk n a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and bks were ur main surce(来源) f entertainment. It was a big deal fr us t lad up and g t the lcal library, where my kids culd pick ut bks t read r bks they wanted me t read t them.
I always read, using different vices, as thugh I were acting ut the stries with my vice and they lved it! It was a special time t bnd with my children and it filled them with the wnderment f bks.
Nw, I see my children taking their children t the library and I lve that the excitement f ging t the library lives n frm generatin t generatin.
As a nvelist, I've fund a new relatinship with libraries. I encurage readers t g t their lcal library when they can't affrd t purchase a bk. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) fr readers and writers, a bridge that helps put tgether a reader with a bk. Libraries, in their wn way, help fight bk piracy(盗版行为) and I think all writers shuld supprt libraries in a significant way when they can. Encurage readers t use the library. Share library annuncements n yur scial media. Frequent them and talk abut them when yu can.
1. Which wrd best describes the authr's relatinship with bks as a child?
A. Cperative. B. Uneasy. C. Inseparable. D. Casual.
2. What des the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Pleasure frm wrking in the library.
B. Jy f reading passed n in the family.
C. Wnderment frm acting ut the stries.
D. A clser bnd develped with the readers.
3. What des the authr call n ther writers t d?
A. Spnsr bk fairs. B. Write fr scial media.
C. Supprt libraries. D. Purchase her nvels.
4. Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Reading:A Surce f Knwledge B. My Idea abut Writing
C. Library:A Haven fr the Yung D. My Lve f the Library
答案
1. C 2. B 3. C 4. D
题组十八
Passage 69(2020全国Ⅲ,A)主题：文化遗产
Jurney Back in Time with Schlars
Classical Prvence(13 days)
Jurney thrugh the beautiful cuntryside f Prvence, France, with Prf. Ori Z. Sltes. We will visit sme f the best-preserved Rman mnuments in the wrld. Our tur als includes a chance t walk in the ftsteps f Van Ggh and Gauguin. Fields f flwers, tile-rfed(瓦屋顶)villages and tasty meals enrich this wnderful experience.
Suthern Spain(15 days)
Spain has lvely white twns and the scent(芳香)f ranges, but it is als a treasury f ancient remains including the cities left by the Greeks, Rmans and Arabs. As we travel suth frm Madrid with Prf. Rnald Messier t histric Tled, Rman Mérida and int Andalucia, we explre histrical mnuments and architecture.
China's Sacred Landscapes(21 days)
Discver the China f “past ages,”its walled cities, temples and muntain scenery with Prf. Rbert Thrp. Highlights(精彩之处)include China's mst sacred peaks at Munt Tai and Hangzhu's rlling hills, waterways and peaceful temples. We will wander in traditinal small twns and end ur tur with an exceptinal museum in Shanghai.
Tunisia(17 days)
Jin Prf. Pedar Fss n ur in-depth Tunisian tur. Tur highlights include the Rman city f Dugga, the undergrund Numidian capital at Bulla Regia, Rman Sbeitla and the remte areas arund Tatauine and Matmata, unique fr undergrund cities. Our jurney takes us t picturesque Berber villages and lvely beaches.
1. What can visitrs see in bth Classical Prvence and Suthern Spain?
A. Histrical mnuments. B. Fields f flwers.
C. Van Ggh's paintings. D. Greek buildings.
2. Which cuntry is Prf. Thrp mst knwledgeable abut?
A. France. B. Spain.C. China. D. Tunisia.
3. Which f the fllwing highlights the Tunisian tur?
A. White twns. B. Undergrund cities.C. Tile-rfed villages. D. Rlling hills.
答案
1. A 2. C 3. B
Passage 70(2020全国Ⅲ,B)主题：人与动物
When “Rise f the Planet f the Apes” was first shwn t the public last mnth, a grup f excited animal activists gathered n Hllywd Bulevard. But they weren't there t thrw red paint n fur-cat-wearing film stars. Instead, ne activist, dressed in a full-bdy mnkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers:“Thanks fr nt using real apes(猿)!”
The creative team behind “Apes” used mtin-capture(动作捕捉) technlgy t create digitalized animals, spending tens f millins f dllars n technlgy that recrds an actr's perfrmance and later prcesses it with cmputer graphics t create a final image(图像). In this case, ne f a realistic-lking ape.
Yet “Apes” is mre exceptin than the rule. In fact, Hllywd has been ht n live animals lately. One nnprfit rganizatin, which mnitrs the treatment f animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs n mre than 2,000 prductins this year. Already, a number f films, including “Water fr Elephants,” “The Hangver Part Ⅱ” and “Zkeeper,” have drawn the anger f activists wh say the creatures acting in them haven't been treated prperly.
In sme cases, it's nt s much the treatment f the animals n set in the studi that has activists wrried; it's the ff-set training and living cnditins that are raising cncerns. And there are questins abut the films made utside the States, which smetimes are nt mnitred as clsely as prductins filmed in the States.
1. Why did the animal activists gather n Hllywd Bulevard?
A. T see famus film stars.B. T ppse wearing fur cats.
C. T raise mney fr animal prtectin.D. T express thanks t sme filmmakers.
2. What des paragraph 2 mainly talk abut?
A. The cst f making “Apes.”B. The creatin f digitalized apes.
C. The publicity abut “Apes.”D. The perfrmance f real apes.
3. What des the underlined phrase “keeping tabs n” in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Listing cmpletely. B. Directing prfessinally.
C. Prmting successfully. D. Watching carefully.
4. What can we infer frm the last paragraph abut animal actrs?
A. They may be badly treated. B. They shuld take further training.
C. They culd be traded illegally. D. They wuld lse ppularity.
答案
1. D 2. B 3. D 4. A
Passage 71(2020全国Ⅲ,C)主题：社会热点问题
With the yung unable t affrd t leave hme and the ld at risk f islatin(孤独), mre families are chsing t live tgether.
The drway t peace and quiet, fr Nick Bright at least, leads straight t his mther-in-law: she lives n the grund flr, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their tw daughters.
Fur years ag they all mved int a three-strey Victrian huse in Bristl—ne f a grwing number f multigeneratinal families in the UK living tgether under the same rf. They share a frnt dr and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her wn kitchen, bathrm, bedrm and living rm n the grund flr.
“We flated the idea t my mum f sharing a huse,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in:“We spke mre with Nick because I think it's a big thing fr Nick t live with his mther-in-law.”
And what des Nick think? “Frm my standpint, it all seems t wrk very well. Wuld I recmmend it? Yes, I think I wuld.”
It's hard t tell exactly hw many peple agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising fr sme time. Official reprts suggest that the number f husehlds with three generatins living tgether had risen frm 325,000 in 2001 t 419,000 in 2013.
Other varieties f multigeneratinal family are mre cmmn. Sme peple live with their elderly parents; many mre adult children are returning t the family hme, if they ever left. It is said that abut 20% f 25-34-year-lds live with their parents, cmpared with 16% in 1991. The ttal number f all multigeneratinal husehlds in Britain is thught t be abut 1.8 millin.
Stries like that are mre cmmn in parts f the wrld where multigeneratinal living is mre firmly rted. In India, particularly utside cities, yung wmen are expected t mve in with their husband's family when they get married.
1. Wh mainly uses the grund flr in the Victrian huse in Bristl?
A. Nick. B. Rita. C. Kathryn. D. The daughters.
2. What is Nick's attitude twards sharing the huse with his mther-in-law?
A. Psitive. B. Carefree. C. Tlerant. D. Unwilling.
3. What is the authr's statement abut multigeneratinal family based n?
A. Family traditins. B. Financial reprts.
C. Published statistics. D. Public pinins.
4. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Lifestyles in different cuntries. B. Cnflicts between generatins.
C. A husing prblem in Britain. D. A rising trend f living in the UK.
答案
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D
Passage 72(2020全国Ⅲ,D)主题：人与环境
We are the prducts f evlutin, and nt just evlutin that ccurred billins f years ag. As scientists lk deeper int ur genes(基因), they are finding examples f human evlutin in just the past few thusand years. Peple in Ethipian highlands have adapted t living at high altitudes. Cattle-raising peple in East Africa and nrthern Eurpe have gained a mutatin(突变)that helps them digest milk as adults.
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team f researchers reprted a new kind f adaptatin—nt t air r t fd, but t the cean. A grup f sea-dwelling peple in Sutheast Asia have evlved int better divers. The Bajau, as these peple are knwn, number in the hundreds f thusands in Indnesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditinally lived n husebats;in recent times, they've als built huses n stilts(支柱)in castal waters.“They are simply a stranger t the land,”said Rdney C. Jubilad, a University f Hawaii researcher wh studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilad first met the Bajau while grwing up n Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing r harvesting shellfish.“We were s amazed that they culd stay underwater much lnger than us lcal islanders,”Dr. Jubilad said.“I culd see them actually walking under the sea.”
In 2015, Melissa Ilard, then a graduate student in genetics at the University f Cpenhagen, heard abut the Bajau. She wndered if centuries f diving culd have led t the evlutin f physical characteristics that made the task easier fr them.“It seemed like the perfect chance fr natural selectin t act n a ppulatin,”said Dr. Ilard. She als said there were likely a number f ther genes that help the Bajau dive.
1. What des the authr want t tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?
A. Envirnmental adaptatin f cattle raisers. B. New knwledge f human evlutin.
C. Recent findings f human rigin. D. Significance f fd selectin.
2. Where d the Bajau build their huses?
A. In valleys. B. Near rivers. C. On the beach. D. Off the cast.
3. Why was the yung Jubilad astnished at the Bajau?
A. They culd walk n stilts all day. B. They had a superb way f fishing.
C. They culd stay lng underwater. D. They lived n bth land and water.
4. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Bdies Remdeled fr a Life at SeaB. Highlanders' Survival Skills
C. Basic Methds f Genetic ResearchD. The Wrld's Best Divers
答案
1.B 2. D 3. C 4. A
三年模拟
题组一
Passage 1(2024届山西一轮复习联考一,A)主题：旅游
Tp recmmendatins fr visiting Arusha
Arusha, the capital city f the Arusha Regin, is situated in Nrtheast Tanzania. It is the mst visited Tanzanian city—it's cnsidered the entry pint t the “safari circuit”. It prvides easy and cnvenient access t many f the safari destinatins and Natinal Parks. In fact, the city itself is set against the beautiful backdrp f Munt Kilimanjar.
Here are ur tp picks fr turist destinatins in Arusha:
The Markets
Arusha is jam-packed with lcal markets in the centre f the city, where varius vendrs(摊贩) set up t sell their gds. Mst markets have a theme (fd, crafts, textiles, etc.). These markets are a great way t get a feel fr the lcal culture.
Cafés
Arusha has a rbust cffee and café scene. Yu'll see vendrs selling quality African cffee beans all ver the city. The ppularity f cffee has spilled ver int an exciting café culture that cntinues t grw. Yu can't g far withut sptting a café. Each café serves up African style cffee, as well as many Eurpean and American favrites.
Cultural Heritage Center
The Cultural Heritage Center is lcated n the suburbs f Arusha. Check ut their museum, craft shps, a restaurant, an art gallery, a cllectin f precius stnes, and mre. It is a great way t get a sense f the culture and histry f Tanzania there. Get ready t learn a lt, and dn't frget t pick up sme suvenirs at the varius shps.
Tanzanite Experience Museum
Tanzania is hme t ne f the wrld's mst ppular precius gems(宝石)—the Tanzanite gemstne. Check ut the Tanzanite Experience Museum which guides visitrs t understand the histry and culture behind this precius gem.
1. Why has Arusha becme the mst visited city in Tanzania?
A. It's the capital city f the Arusha Regin.
B. It has the mst ppular natinal parks.
C. It's a gateway t Tanzania's “safari circuit”.
D. It is set against the beautiful Munt Kilimanjar.
2. What can be seen almst everywhere in Arusha?
A. Lcal markets. B. Art galleries. C. Museums. D. Cafés.
3. What d the tp destinatins in Arusha have in cmmn?
A. They all prvide markets fr vendrs. B. They all ffer suvenirs t the visitrs.
C. They all present lcal cultures t visitrs. D. They are all lcated in the center f the city.
答案
1. C 2. D 3. C
Passage 2(2024届江苏基地大联考一,B,改编)主题：人物
Lifelng disability rights activist Jennifer Keelan abandned her wheelchair at the yung age f 8 t crawl up the Capitl steps, frcing Cngress t pass a landmark civil rights law that increased access fr thse with disabilities and remved barriers. “Ding the Capitl Crawl—it wasn't just t claim my rights, but it was als t claim the rights f my generatin and future generatins f kids with disabilities,” Jennifer said.
Jennifer was a yung girl wh had dreams f ne day attending cllege and living a fulfilling life. At age 2, Jennifer was diagnsed with a disease that affects the brain and leaves her using a wheelchair. Jennifer was a bright and brave girl, yet when she attempted t attend schl, she was arranged t separate classes fr students with disabilities, regardless f what she culd d. She fund herself unable t attend sme schl activities, and access gvernment buildings. Jennifer accepted the limitatins f her physical life, but nt the limitatins f the physical wrld arund her.
Jennifer became active in campaigning fr the Americans with Disabilities Act. She jined in peaceful prtests and, at age 7, was arrested in Mntreal, a mment in histry that shcked Nrth America. At age 8, Jennifer traveled t Washingtn D.C. The shy but determined little girl caught the attentin f the cuntry when she crawled unaided up the Capitl steps. It wrked. Jennifer met with Cngress, and President Gerge H. W. Bush signed the Americans with Disabilities Act int law.
Jennifer remains an activist tday, making sure all peple with disabilities are treated fairly and have equal access t public places, schls and businesses. The nly barriers that remain are thse f viewpints. Jennifer wants all f us t knw that physical disabilities are nt a barrier t friendship, career pprtunities r lve. She graduated frm Arizna State University with a degree in family and human develpment. Fr her, like all f us, making a difference begins ne step at a time, n matter hw hard it is.
1. What can we knw abut Jennifer frm the text?
A. She enjyed remving barriers fr thers. B. She jined in making a law fr the disabled.
C. She wanted the disabled t be equally treated. D. She tried t fight fr mre rights fr herself.
2. What can be inferred frm paragraph 2?
A. The sciety discriminated against the disabled.
B. The girl had t submit herself t the real wrld.
C. The schl shwed special care fr the disabled.
D. The disabled gained free access t public places.
3. What happened due t Jennifer's effrt?
A. The law f the United States changed a lt.
B. Bush met the representatives f the disabled.
C. Arizna State University accepted the disabled.
D. The Americans with Disabilities Act was signed.
4. What's the remaining barrier t fair treatment fr the disabled?
A. Building a lng-time friendship. B. Obtaining a degree in university.
C. Changing peple's fixed mindset. D. Seizing mre career pprtunities.
答案
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. C
Passage 3(2024届辽宁朝阳名校开学统考,C)主题：家庭生活
Alngside in-depth riginal research that shws hw families are wrestling with technlgy's new realities, the gal f this bk is t let yu make gd chices abut technlgy in family life. The bk is brken int three parts. In the intrductin, it shares the tech-wise rules, which serve as valuable cnversatin starters fr families and prvide guidelines n managing technlgy use. It later adds mre details t these rules in each chapter.
The first part f the bk gives the family unit three key actin steps in creating a “tech-wise family”. First, families can chse character by develping wisdm and curage tgether as a family. Secnd, they can shape spaces within the hme fr creativity, which helps a family create mre than cnsume. Third, families can structure time s that they use their resurces t develp a rhythm f wrk and rest. It cnnects these three cncepts t technlgy by giving tangible steps such as turning ff devices at least ne hur a day, ne day a week, and ne week a year s that their family can feast, play and rest tgether.
The secnd part explres deeply int daily aspects f life such as making sure that families use devices t benefit their lives, rather than allwing the devices t cntrl their lives. It als shws hw the writer's family chses t use car time fr cnversatin rather than use devices t distract(使分心) them, hw within their family there is n secrecy n devices and hw families use technlgy intentinally in the cmmunity instead f using it aimlessly alne.
The final part reads mre like an expansin f the secnd and addresses hw technlgy can distract us frm what matters mst. The writer argues, “We shw up in persn fr the big events f life. We learn hw t be human by being fully present at ur mments f greatest vulnerability(脆弱).” These final chapters address hw t shw up and lve peple well thrugh simply being truly present fr lved nes.
1. What is the bk aimed at helping family members d?
A. Make career chices. B. Live a simple lifestyle.
C. Put technlgy in its place. D. Offer guidance n buying bks.
2. What des the underlined wrd “tangible” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Practical. B. Latest. C. Passive. D. Duble.
3. What is the secnd part f the bk mainly abut?
A. The distractins that ften exist in families.
B. The secrets that shuld be kept in family life.
C. The ways the devices are used in everyday life.
D. The benefits individuals bring t their families.
4. Hw des the authr f the text present the bk's final part?
A. By asking. B. By quting.
C. By listing statistics. D. By making cmparisns.
答案
1. C 2. A 3. C 4. B
Passage 4(2024届河北保定重点高中开学考,D)主题：科技发展
Reshaping the wrld fr a fssil fuel-free future means wrking quickly. Climate scientists say carbn emissins must stp by 2025 t minimize envirnmental damage. And by designing cmputatinal materials tgether with makers wh can build and test them quickly, scientists can rapidly develp technlgies like mre pwerful slar cells and car batteries.
Michael is the name f a supercmputer devted t just ne task—discvering the ultimate battery system. Researchers at University Cllege Lndn will use Michael t digitally build and test prttypes(原型) in every new material and type f cell pssible t imprve battery life, perfrmance and price.
Finding a resilient(弹性的) design fr slid-state batteries wuld be a huge breakthrugh fr electric vehicles and energy strage. Lighter, lnger-lasting and cheaper slid-state technlgy culd vastly imprve the vehicle range and charging time. And the energy frm slar and wind pwer culd be mre efficiently stred until ready fr use.
Scientists wrking in the US and the UK led the way in the 1970s in develping the lithium-in (锂离子) battery used in tday's electric cars, laptps and cameras, but cmmercial units were nly develped nce the Japanese electrnics giant pushed the technlgy frward fr mass prductin. Partnerships between cmpanies and universities culd ultimately crack slid-state battery design. Oxfrd University and sme cmpanies are lking t win the internatinal race t create a durable prduct. But they are nly ne amng many.
Replacing liquid used in lithium-in batteries with a slid cnductr may take large digital prcessing. Electric vehicle makers are wrking with a cmputer giant t find successful designs that may include cheap and plentiful materials fund in seawater. An electric vehicle maker is partnering with NASA t pen a slid-state battery plant that uses n rare r expensive metals. The plan is t create a large database f materials that can be mixed and matched fr the best cmbinatins.
But cmputatinal materials may be needed in virtually every industry. And by rapidly classifying millins f substances n their ability t cnduct electricity, their tughness, r the way they reflect light, AI and supercmputers can speed up the prcess f creating materials fr just abut anything.
1. What message des paragraph 1 cnvey?
A. It's t hard t design cmputatinal materials.
B. It's t late t reshape the fssil fuel-free wrld.
C. Develping green energy can reduce carbn emissins.
D. Develping technlgy can speed up carbn emissins.
2. What are slid-state batteries expected t be like?
A. Heavy and slid. B. Light but breakable.
C. Less-cstly and wrkable. D. Expensive but efficient.
3. Why des the authr mentin Oxfrd University in paragraph 4?
A. T shw the weakness f mass prductin.
B. T shw the gd trend f the cperatin.
C. T shw the difficulty f the battery design.
D. T shw the develpment f British technlgy.
4. What can be the best title fr the text?
A. Michael Is Devted t String Slar Energy
B. Cmpanies and NASA Will Push Technlgy Frward
C. Electric Vehicle Makers Are Struggling t Slve Air Pllutin
D. Supercmputers and AI Can Create Future Lw-carbn Industries
答案
1. C 2. C 3. B 4. D
题组二
Passage 5(2024届山东青岛期初调研,A)主题：社会服务
Lcated in Britain, the University f Oxfrd is respected internatinally as a teaching and research center. Evidence shws that teaching existed in Oxfrd as early as 1096, and it has been ranked as the tp university in the UK by The Times fr many times.
The Tutrial System
In the University f Oxfrd, teaching is cnducted primarily thrugh the tutrial system. Tutrials are beneficial t students' skills f critical analysis, but the greatest advantage f the tutrial system is the individual guidance that students receive. The cntrast between tutrials and large lectures cmmn in the American universities is bvius. In the typical American university, students are taught by the same specialists, in the same manner, and held t the same standards.
Scieties and Clubs
There are rich after-schl activities at Oxfrd. Students may jin a variety f clubs and scieties accrding t their wn interests. The Oxfrd University Scientific Sciety aims t bring tgether undergraduates t discuss scientific matters. The Oxfrd Unin Sciety has gained a wrldwide reputatin fr its debate. The Newman Sciety has served as a mdel fr religius sciety thrughut the English-speaking wrld. In additin, there are a great many clubs, including Oxfrd University Cricket Club, Oxfrd University Chess Club, and s n.
Dates f Term
Oxfrd's year is divided int three terms and three vacatins. The dates fr Full Term 2023-2024 are set ut belw:
1. What is the biggest advantage f the tutrial system?
A. It prmtes students' critical analysis. B. It prvides persnalized teaching.
C. It ffers large lectures t students. D. It uses the same manner and standards.
2. Which rganizatin will yu jin if yu want t be a great debater?
A. The Oxfrd University Scientific Sciety. B. The Oxfrd Unin Sciety.
C. The Newman Sciety. D. Oxfrd University Cricket Club.
3. Hw lng des the teaching perid last within Full Term 2023-2024?
A. 8 weeks. B. 16 weeks. C. 24 weeks. D. 32 weeks.
答案
1. B 2. B 3. C
Passage 6(2024届重庆七校开学考,B)主题：生命的意义
In casual cnversatins, there is a seemingly simple questin I can never answer withut hesitating—“Where are yu frm?”
I culd say I am frm Thailand, where I was brn. Or I am frm Mexic, where I spent the majrity f my childhd. Or I am frm the US, whse language is rted in my life. In my mind, nne f these answers are satisfying enugh. After all, t be frm smewhere carries expectatins f understanding “yur” culture and “yur” hme.
I feel envius whenever my friends say they're “ging hme” fr schl breaks. As a student wh frequently mves, I have never seen my living space as “hme”, but “shelter”, anther lcatin t stay in befre I unavidably mve again.
S, des this mean I d nt have, and will never have, a hme? I resign myself t living with this sense f sadness, until very recently.
In my drm, inside my drawer is a specially designed white bath twel that I have nt used since I brught it with me frm my parents' huse. One day, I tk it ut, but stpped after smelling the sft, sweet laundry detergent(洗衣粉), the ne my parents used back in Thailand. I felt my eyes water as that randm smell brught my mixed emtins t the surface: sadness and nstalgia, a strng feeling f missing hme. I still avid using that twel until nw because I dn't want t replace the smell f nstalgia with my newly-bught detergent.
Sadly, even with this new discvery, I will still struggle when answering where I am frm, and I will always feel a sense f lss in nt having a physical hme t “g back t”. Yet, in randm mments, when a smell catches me ff guard with the memries it brings, I like t believe that the things I feel then are things peple feel when they are at hme. And if these mments can make me smile, even with a sense f lss, what better hme can I ask fr?
1. Why is the authr unable t see his living space as “hme”?
A. His living places ften change. B. He is unsatisfied with the place.
C. His expectatins f “hme” are high. D. He can't understand the culture there.
2. Why des the authr treasure that twel?
A. It was made in his hmetwn. B. It is a present frm his parents.
C. Its smell awakened his memries. D. Its design wins his preference.
3. What des the authr want t cnvey in the last paragraph?
A. He n lnger feels a sense f lss.
B. He feels a physical hme is unnecessary.
C. He has gt the answer t “Where are yu frm?”
D. He has fund a sense f hme in sme mments.
4. What can be the best title f the text?
A. A Man's Hme Is His Castle B. There Is N Place like Hme
C. The Smell Brings Me Hme D. The Emtin Cnnects Me with Hme
答案
1. A 2. C 3. D 4. C
Passage 7(2024届江苏南京六校联合调研,D)主题：自然科学研究成果
Researchers at the University f Massachusetts Amherst (UMass Amherst) recently annunced that they have figured ut hw t engineer a bifilm(生物膜) that harvests the energy in evapratin(蒸发) and changes it t electricity. This bifilm, which was annunced in Nature Cmmunicatins, has the ptential t revlutinize the wrld f wearable electrnics, pwering everything frm persnal medical sensrs t persnal electrnics.
“This is a very exciting technlgy,” says Liu Xiameng, a graduate student in electrical and cmputer engineering in UMass Amherst's Cllege f Engineering and the paper's lead authr. “It generates real green energy, and unlike ther s-called ‘green-energy’ surces, its prductin is ttally green.”
That is because this bifilm—which is a sheet f bacterial cells and as thin as a sheet f paper—is prduced naturally by an engineered versin f the bacterium Gebacter sulfurreducens. G. sulfurreducens is knwn t prduce electricity and has been used previusly in “micrbial batteries” t pwer electrical equipment. But such batteries require that G. sulfurreducens be prperly cared fr and fed a cnstant diet. By cntrast, this new bifilm, which can supply as much energy as a cmparably sized battery, wrks cntinuusly, because it is dead. And because it is dead, it desn't need t be fed.
The secret behind this new bifilm is that it makes energy frm the misture(水分) n yur skin. While we daily read stries abut slar pwer, at least 50% f the slar energy reaching the earth ges tward evaprating water. “This is a huge, undiscvered surce f energy,” says Ya Jun, prfessr f electrical and cmputer engineering at UMass Amherst, and the paper's ne senir authr. Since the surface f ur skin is cnstantly mist with sweat, the bifilm can “plug int” it and change the energy lcked in evapratin int sufficient energy t pwer small equipment. “Our next step is t increase the size f ur film t pwer mre intelligent wearable electrnics,” says Ya, and Liu pints ut that ne f the gals is t pwer entire electrnic systems, rather than single equipment.
1. Which f the fllwing can bifilm d accrding t the first paragraph?
A. Update wearable electrnics. B. Get pwer frm evapratin.
C. Supply energy t micrbial batteries. D. Transfrm the way f generating electricity.
2. What is the advantage f the bifilm cmpared with “micrbial batteries”?
A. It is cmparatively thinner. B. It is envirnmentally friendly.
C. It adpts a rare energy surce. D. It decreases the cst in usage.
3. Hw des the bifilm pwer small devices?
A. By interacting with slar pwer. B. By making electricity ut f sweat.
C. By gaining energy frm electrnic systems. D. By emplying water t generate electricity.
4. Which f the fllwing best describes the bifilm?
A. Intelligent. B. Flexible. C. Delicate. D. Prmising.
答案
1. B 2. D 3. B 4. D
Passage 8(2024届广东广州执信中学开学考,D)主题：完善自我
There is smething t be said fr being a generalist, even if yu are a specialist. Knwing a little abut a lt f things that interest yu can add t the richness f a whle, well-lived life.
Sciety pushes us t specialize, t becme experts. This requires cmmitment t a particular ccupatin, branch f study r research. The drawback t being specialists is we ften cme t knw mre and mre abut less and less. There is a great deal f pressure t master ne's field. Yu may pursue training, degrees, r increasing levels f respnsibility at wrk. Then yu discver the pressure f having t keep up.
Sme peple seem willing t wrk arund the clck in their narrw specialty. But such cmmitment can als weaken a sense f freedm. These specialists culd wrk at the ffice until ten each night, then lk back and realize they wuld have lved t have gne hme and enjyed the sweetness f their family and friends, r traveled t exciting places, meeting interesting peple. Mastering ne thing t the exclusin(排除) f thers can hld back yur true spirit.
Generalists, n the ther hand, knw a lt abut a wide range f subjects and view the whle with all its cnnectins. They are peple f ability, talent, and enthusiasm wh can bring their brad perspective int specific fields f expertise(专长). The dctr wh is als a pet and philspher is a superir dctr, ne wh can give s much mre t his patients than just gd medical skills.
Things are cnnected. Let yur expertise in ne field fuel yur passins in all related areas. Sme f yur interests may nt appear t be cnnected but, nce yu explre their depths, yu discver that they are. My editr Tni, wh is als a writer, has edited several histry bks. She has decided t study Chinese histry. Fascinated by the structural beauty f the Frbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested t learn mre abut Chinese philsphy. “I dn't knw where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm n this pursuit.”
These expansins int new wrlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin t see the intercnnectedness f ne thing t anther in all aspects f ur life, f urselves and the universe. Develp brad, general knwledge and experience. The universe is all yurs t explre and enjy.
1. What is gd abut being a generalist?
A. Yu dn't need t be pushed by sciety. B. Yu will need t knw less and less.
C. Yu knw mre abut yur ccupatin. D. Yu can enjy yur life t the fullest.
2. What is the third paragraph mainly abut?
A. Specialists' chices. B. Specialists' limitatins.
C. Specialists' regrets. D. Specialists' expectatins.
3. Accrding t the authr, a superir dctr is ne wh .
A. is fully aware f his talent and ability B. shuld lve petry and philsphy
C. brings knwledge f ther fields t wrk D. is a cmmitted specialist in medicine
4. What des the authr intend t shw with the example f Tni?
A. Passin alne des nt ensure a persn's success.
B. In-depth explratin makes discveries pssible.
C. Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way cnnected.
D. Everyne has a chance t succeed in their pursuit.
答案
1. D 2. C 3. C 4. C
题组三
Passage 9(2024届江苏苏州期初调研,A)主题：艺术
Featured August Prgrams in the Natinal Prtrait Gallery
Kinship: An Artist Talk with Sedrick Huckaby
Jin us fr an artist talk with Sedrick Huckaby, whse life-size paintings and sculptures refer t universal human cnnectins and memrialize figures central t his life—his family members and thse clse t him. The artist will discuss the centrality f cmmunity and kin(亲属) t his practice. This event will take place in Sedrick Huckaby's Kinship gallery space frm 1 p.m. t 2 p.m. n Aug. 5.
Weekend Wrkshp: Mindfulness in the Museum
Jin Art Educatr Sean Murphy fr an interactive wrkshp in mindfulness and art. Inspired by the exhibitin, Kinship, participants will be guided thrugh breathing exercises, and a mindfulness activity befre visiting the galleries and creating their wn mindfulness bks. This wrkshp will take place in G Street Lbby frm 10 a.m. t 11:30 a.m. n Aug. 12.
Expressive Arts Wrkshp: Family Memry Bx
Family memries can cnnect us t thse imprtant in ur lives. Jin us in this interactive art making wrkshp t create “family memry bxes” t hld special phts, items, and memries f lved nes. N previus art making experience is required. This wrkshp will take place in G Street Lbby frm 10 a.m. t 12 p.m. n Aug. 19.
Virtual Prtrait Signs: A Tur in ASL
Jin us fr a virtual tur f 1898: U.S. Imperial Visins and Revisins, which is the first majr Smithsnian museum exhibitin t examine the War f 1898 and the legacy(遗留) f this cntrversial chapter in histry. This deaf-led presentatin will include vice interpretatin.
This exhibitin will take place frm 5 p.m. t 6 p.m. n Aug. 19. The Zm link will be emailed n the mrning f the prgram. Questins? Please email Jnesve@si.edu.
1. Which prgrams share the same theme?
A. An Artist Talk with Sedrick Huckaby and Mindfulness in the Museum.
B. An Artist Talk with Sedrick Huckaby and Family Memry Bx.
C. Mindfulness in the Museum and Family Memry Bx.
D. Family Memry Bx and A Tur in ASL.
2. What d yu knw abut the furth exhibitin?
A. It is an in-gallery tur led by the deaf.
B. Its presentatin will be emailed t visitrs.
C. It is friendly t hearing-impaired peple.
D. It is the first majr Smithsnian museum exhibitin.
3. What is the purpse f this text?
A. T invite mre peple t visit the gallery. B. T invlve mre peple in the prgrams.
C. T train mre peple t becme artists. D. T intrduce the gallery t visitrs.
答案
1. B 2. C 3. B
Passage 10(2024届山西一轮复习联考一,B)主题：认识自我
“I have n idea what t d with 1,000 tennis balls!”
My student Nick was discuraged with the assignment. I'd asked the students t imagine they were wrking at the U.S. Open Tennis Champinships. After the turnament ended, a supervisr ffered them the lightly used tennis balls hit during the event by stars like Serena Williams and Rger Federer. Their jb was t sell the balls at a prfit.
“I had a cuple f gd ideas at first,” Nick said. “I culd sell them as dg tys r t hspitals that culd put them n the bttm f walker frames t keep them frm slipping.” Then he struggled t think f mre ptins and decided that was the best he culd d.
Mst peple believe that gd ideas cme quickly r nt at all—but it turns ut that's nt the case. Researchers call this the “creative cliff illusin(错觉)”, the sense that we're unlikely t get gd ideas if they dn't appear the minute we start thinking.
The truth, thugh, is that the best ideas ften cme later. Yur first ideas tend t reflect cmmn wisdm, and thinking like everyne else isn't a recipe fr creativity. The slutin is t persist, even thugh persevering feels hard. If yu cntinue wrking, mre interesting and riginal ideas will emerge.
I explained this t the class, and we spent anther 10 minutes thinking tgether. Nick realized that he culd sell the balls using tw different strategies: selling a small prtin fr a lt f mney as signed suvenirs t tennis fans and the rest at a discunt t tennis schls serving underprivileged kids.
Finally, I, tgether with my students drew a cnclusin after discussin: dn't assume yur first ideas are always yur best nes but d keep brainstrming after yu think yu're ut f new ideas. It's wrth spending 10-15 minutes lnger n a task, because the best ideas are likely just arund the crner.
1. What did the authr ask the students t d?
A. Get prfit by ding business. B. Think f a slutin t a prblem.
C. Serve as ball bys in a turnament. D. Meet with their favrite tennis stars.
2. Hw did the authr feel abut Nick's first ideas?
A. They wuld be favred by hspitals. B. They were the mst creative.
C. They reflected cllective intelligence. D. They required mre digging.
3. What d the researchers refer t as the “creative cliff illusin”?
A. Gd ideas usually cme later. B. The best ideas ften cme quickly.
C. The first ideas are always interesting. D. N ne is likely t get gd ideas at first.
4. What advice can help kids get the best idea accrding t the text?
A. Keeping thinking. B. Using new strategies.
C. Cnsulting thers. D. Discussing tgether.
答案
1. B 2. D 3. B 4. A
Passage 11(2024届山东日照开学校际联考,C)主题：社会交往
The scial media platfrm Instagram nce made headlines fr limiting likes in an effrt t reduce the cmparisns and hurt feelings resulting frm attaching ppularity t sharing cntent. A small step in the right directin, says Jacqueline Sperling, a psychlgist wh wrks with yuths that experience anxiety disrders.
Scial media has a reinfrcing nature. The platfrms are designed t be addictive and are related t anxiety, depressin, and even physical illnesses. But what makes users cme back fr mre even when it can literally make them feel sick?
“The unknwn utcme and the pssibility f a desired utcme can keep users engaged with the sites,” Sperling says. “When the utcme is unpredictable, the behavir is mre likely t repeat.” T bst self-esteem and feel a sense f belnging in their scial circles, peple pst cntent with the hpe f receiving psitive feedback. FOMO—fear f missing ut—als plays a rle. Teenagers hpe t keep track f friends' activities. Missing experiences can create anxiety and depressin.
The earlier teens start using scial media, the greater impact they have n mental health. This is especially true fr females. While teen males tend t express aggressin physically, females d s by excluding thers and sharing hurtful cmments. Scial media increases the pprtunity fr such harmful interactins.
In additin, scial media puts a lens filter(滤镜) n appearances and reality. When there's a filter applied t the digital wrld, it can be hard fr teens t tell what's real and what isn't, which cmes at a tugh time fr them physically and emtinally.
We can benefit frm scial platfrms t sme extent, as they allw peple t stay in tuch with family and friends arund the wrld. Still, the platfrms have pened a “Pandra's bx” as they cntinue t evlve mre quickly than we can research their impact.
In additin t limiting likes, Sperling suggests scial platfrms cnsider decreasing mass sharing. Regardless f hw likely scial media giants are t change their ways, thugh, individuals can take cntrl f their wn behavir.
1. Why des Instagram limit likes?
A. T share mre cntents. B. T increase its ppularity.
C. T prmte teens' well-being. D. T reduce teens' nline time.
2. Which f the fllwing des Sperling agree with?
A. Its lens helps teens t tell the real wrld.
B. Its unpredictable utcme attracts frequent visits.
C. It is helpful t teens with anxiety and depressin.
D. It has a greater impact n female teens than male teens.
3. What des “Pandra's bx” in Paragraph 6 imply?
A. Scial media can be duble-edged.
B. Peple benefit frm scial platfrms.
C. Peple get bxes f gifts frm scial platfrms.
D. Scial media pens a dr fr peple t see the wrld.
4. What will the authr mst prbably talk abut next?
A. Advice n users' cntrlling mass sharing. B. Reasns fr teens' psting addictins.
C. Negative effects f harmful interactins. D. Ways f scial media giants' management.
答案
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. A
Passage 12(2024届河北石家庄部分名校三调,D)主题：奥秘探索
The cean is a huge bdy f salt water that cvers abut 71 percent f the Earth's surface. An estimated 97 percent f the wrld's water is fund in the cean. Because f this, the cean has cnsiderable impact n weather, temperature, and the fd supply f humans and ther rganisms. The cean remains a mystery. Mre than 80 percent f the cean has never been mapped, explred, r even seen by humans. A far greater percentage f the surfaces f the mn and the planet Mars has been mapped and studied than that f ur wn cean flr.
Althugh there is much mre t learn, ceangraphers have already made sme amazing discveries. Fr example, we knw that the cean cntains twering muntain ranges and deep valleys, just like thse n land. The peak f the wrld's tallest muntain—Munt Qmlangma in the Himalayas, measuring 8848.86 meters high—wuld nt even break the surface f the water if it were placed in the Pacific Ocean's Mariana Trench r Philippine Trench, tw f the deepest parts f the cean. On the ther hand, the Atlantic Ocean is relatively shallw because large parts f its seaflr are made up f cntinental shelves—parts f the cntinents that extend far ut int the cean. The average depth f the entire cean is 3,627 meters.
It is unknwn hw many different species call the cean their hme. With many cean ecsystems suffering frm rising sea temperatures, pllutin, and ther prblems, sme ceangraphers believe the number f species is drpping. Still, there may be many psitive surprises awaiting ceangraphers in the years ahead. It culd be that mre than 90 percent f the cean's species are still undiscvered, with sme scientists estimating that there are anywhere between a few hundred thusand and a few millin mre t be discvered. Currently, scientists knw f arund 226,000 cean species. Since the cean is s vast, there is plenty fr future ceangraphers frm all crners f the glbe t explre and discver.
1. Why des the authr mentin the mn and Mars?
A. T indicate peple's determinatin t knw space.
B. T shw peple knw quite little abut the cean.
C. T remind us that we need mre knwledge abut space.
D. T tell space explratin is mre crucial than that f ceans.
2. What des the authr intend t tell us in paragraph 2?
A. Reasns why cean flrs are rugh.
B. Significance f the cean flr t animals.
C. The heights f different muntain ranges.
D. Sme cean knwledge frm ceangraphers.
3. What's the gd aspect abut the ceans frm the last paragraph?
A. Perhaps there are mre species than knwn.
B. Prblems f the ceans have been slved.
C. Oceangraphers have calculated the number f the cean species.
D. The number f cean species has stpped drpping.
4. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. We must stp the cean pllutin B. The ceans bring benefits t peple
C. The ceans deserve ur further study D. We shuld have a psitive attitude t ceans
答案
1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C
题组四
Passage 13(2024届江苏连云港月考,A)主题：旅游
Central Park
Explre Central Park, ne f the largest city parks in the wrld and ne f the mst famus symbls f New Yrk. Let's have a lk at its main sights.
Central Park is New Yrk's largest city park and ne f the biggest in the wrld, with an area f 843 acres (abut 3.4 km2). This park is hme t man-made lakes, waterfalls, grass and wded areas. Yu will als find the Central Park Z amng ther attractins in this green space f New Yrk.
Besides being the city's primary green lungs, Central Park is als a favrite spt fr many New Yrkers. It is perfect fr sunbathing, ging fr walks, r ding any utdr sprts. Smething that we fund curius is seeing s many peple running with their babies in prams (婴儿车).
On Ft r by Bicycle
T get t knw sme f the wildest parts f Central Park we suggest walking. Hwever, t get a general feel fr the whle park, the best thing t d is hire a bicycle and enjy the scenery.
If yu decide t hire a bike, yu will find lts f bike rental stres arund Central Park that are nt very expensive.
Open Time
Frm 7 a.m. t 10 p.m. n weekends. Frm 6 a.m. t 8:30 p.m. n weekdays.
Price
Entry t the Park is free. But if yu visit sme parts like the Central Park Z, yu need t buy a ticket.
Transprt
Subways: 4, 5, 6, A, B, C and D. Buses: M1, M2, M3, M4 and M10.
Nearby Places
The Guggenheim Museum (564 m)
The American Museum f Natural Histry (688 m)
The Frick Cllectin (1.3 km)
1. What can we learn abut Central Park frm the text?
A. It is hme t lakes and waterfalls.
B. It is perfect fr ding utdr sprts.
C. It is the largest city park in the wrld.
D. It is the mst famus symbl f New Yrk.
2. Which ne f the fllwing things is free?
A. Hiring a bicycle. B. Entering Central Park.
C. Visiting the Central Park Z. D. Ging t the Guggenheim Museum.
3. Where can we find this text?
A. In a science reprt. B. In a gegraphy bk.
C. In a fashin magazine. D. In a travel guide.
答案
1. B 2. B 3. D
Passage 14(2024届广东惠州期中,D)主题：个人成长
Handing yur baby a phne r a tablet t play with may seem like a harmless slutin when yu're busy, but it culd actually affect their develpment, a new study has fund.
Having anywhere frm ne t fur hurs f screen time per day at age 1 is linked with higher risks f develpmental delays in cmmunicatin skills, fine mtr skills, persnal and scial skills,and prblem-slving skills by age 2, accrding t a study f 7,097 children published in the jurnal JAMA Pediatrics. The study measured hw many hurs children used screens per day at age 1 and hw they perfrmed in these develpmental dmains(领域) at ages 2 and 4. Bth measures were accrding t the mthers' self-reprts.
By age 2, thse wh had had up t fur hurs f screen time per day were up t 3 times mre likely t experience develpmental delays in cmmunicatin and prblem-slving skills. Thse wh had spent fur r mre hurs with screens were 4.78 times mre likely t have underdevelped cmmunicatin skills, 1.74 times mre likely t have pr perfrmances in fine mtr skills and 2 times mre likely t have underdevelped persnal and scial skills by age 2. By age 4, risk remained nly in the cmmunicatin and prblem-slving categries.
“One f the areas that is relatively under study in the whle screen time literature is lking at the impacts f screen expsure n very yung kids, especially when screens are intrduced t babies,” said Dr. Jhn Huttn, an assciate prfessr f general and cmmunity pediatrics(儿科) at Cincinnati Children's Hspital Medical Center. “It's definitely a glbal cncern, and I think the findings shuld really be applied t ther cuntries as well.”
“Technlgy use can take time away frm interpersnal relatinships that develp scial skills since real peple are mre multidimensinal than characters n a screen,” Huttn added. Lking at peple's faces is when ur brains turn n t figure ut hw t interact with them.
1. What des the new study fcus n?
A. A baby's mental health. B. Children's develpmental skills.
C. A kid's academic perfrmance. D. Students' creative abilities.
2. What is the main research methd used in the study?
A. Analyzing data. B. Giving examples.
C. Reviewing literature. D. Ding experiments.
3. What des Dr. Jhn Huttn suggest?
A. The impact f screen expsure shuld be studied.
B. The findings shuld be applied t certain cuntries.
C. Glbal attentin shuld be paid t kids' screen hurs.
D. Screens shuld be intrduced t mre and mre babies.
4. What's the text mainly abut?
A. What faults can be fund with screens.
B. What difficulties a yung kid will face.
C. Hw screens change develpmental skills.
D. Hw screen time influences kids' develpment.
答案
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D
Passage 15(2024届山东德州期中,D)主题：人生态度
Many schlars agree that a meaningful existence cmes dwn t three factrs: the cherence(连贯) f ne's life, the pssessin f clear lng-term gals and the belief that ne's life matters. But we believe there is anther element t cnsider.
Imagine the first butterfly yu stp t admire after a lng winter r the scenery atp a hill after a fresh hike. Smetimes existence delivers small mments f beauty t us. When peple are pen t appreciating such experiences, these mments may enhance hw they view their life. We call this element experiential appreciatin, an ability t detect and admire life's inner beauty as events happen.
T better understand this appreciatin, we cnducted a series f studies invlving ver 3,000 participants. Initially, we had participants rate their cping strategies t relieve their stress. Thse managing stress by fcusing n their appreciatin fr life's beauty reprted experiencing life highly meaningful. In the fllw-ups, we asked them t rate the extent t which they agreed with varius statements, such as “I have great appreciatin fr the beauty f life” and ther statements related t cherence, purpses, and existential mattering. Our results shwed that the mre peple indicated that they were “appreciating life”, the mre they felt their existence valuable. In the subsequent experiment, we further explred the phenmenn by asking participants t watch an awe-inspiring vide, and they als reprted having a greater sense f experiential appreciatin and meaning in life in these mments, cmpared with thse watching mre neutral vides.
The final results cnfirmed ur riginal thery: appreciating small things can make life mre meaningful. But applying that insight can be difficult. Our mdern, fast-paced, prject-riented lifestyles fill the day with targets. We are n the g, attempting t maximize ur utput. This makes it easy t miss what is happening right nw. Yet life happens in the present mment. We shuld slw dwn, let life surprise us and embrace the significance every day.
1. Why des the authr mentin the admiratin f the butterfly?
A. T express peple's desire t enhance their life.
B. T display peple's imaginatin t whatever happens.
C. T indicate the penness f peple t the life cherence.
D. T intrduce the cncept f experimental appreciatin.
2. What is mainly explained in the third paragraph?
A. The participants' life invlved in the study.
B. The cntributin f a lng-term gal in life.
C. The thery abut experiential appreciatin.
D. The analysis f the belief that matters mst.
3. What is challenging us t appreciate the present in ur life?
A. Our mdern fast-paced lifestyle. B. The lack f pprtunities.
C. Our fcus n individual feelings. D. The ignrance f future utcmes.
4. What can be the best title f the passage?
A. Enjying valuable cherence B. Finding the inner beauty f urselves
C. Living an active and meaningful existence D. Explring the end f a significant life
答案
1. D 2. C 3. A 4. C
Passage 16(2024届山东部分学校联考,D)主题：技术创新
A new kind f hybrid wheat nw available t American farmers may help reduce fears fr genetically engineered crps. The new hybrid wheat is being intrduced as seed cmpanies wrldwide seek t increase prductin because f reducing grain supplies. The hybrid wheat was develped by a Chinese-wned agriculture cmpany. The prduct was created withut genetic engineering. The first seeds t grw the wheat will be released n 2,000 t 2,800 hectares f American farmland next year, accrding t Reuters reprts.
Develpers r breeders create hybrid wheat by taking away the natural ability f plants t pllinate (授粉) themselves. Instead, female wheat plants in a field are pllinated by male plants f a different line. The gal f the prcess is t create seeds that can prduce bigger crps and better resist harmful envirnments. The fertilized female plants prduce a new kind f hybrid. Using this hybrid technlgy permits breeders t chse the best elements frm tw parent seeds t prduce new seeds cntaining the best characteristics f bth.
Prducers say when seed cmpanies prduce hybrid wheat seeds, sme female plants ften fail t becme fertilized because they depend n unpredictable winds t carry pllen(花粉). Pllen is a substance prduced by plants when they reprduce. During sme seasns, pllen is released int the air and carried t ther plants t be fertilized. Prducers say the fertilizatin f each plant is mre certain during wheat's natural prcess f self-pllinatin.
Researchers say the new hybrid wheat has t take lng t cme nt the market because the develpment prcess is mre cstly and cmplex. It culd be imprtant in increasing wheat yields and aviding being linked t GMO develpment. GMO stands fr the genetically mdified rganism. Genetically mdified wheat has never been grwn fr industry purpses because f fears that allergens r pisns might be created. Wheat is used t make numerus majr fds wrldwide.
Dave Hankey wns a seed cmpany in Park River, Nrth Dakta. He tld Reuters, “Because f the resistance t genetically mdified stuff, the hybrid wheat wuld be cnsidered better and safer.” He added it wuld certainly be the public view.
1. Which f the fllwing leads the new hybrid wheat t be develped?
A. The existing unsafe grain.
B. The decreasing utput f fd.
C. The applicatin frm American farmers.
D. The Chinese agriculture cmpany's prpsal.
2. What is expected f the seeds f the new hybrid wheat?
A. Requiring less fertilizer. B. Prducing tinier crps.
C. Having better adaptability. D. Imprving their natural self-pllinatin ability.
3. What can we learn abut the develpment f the new hybrid wheat?
A. It is cmplex but ecnmical. B. It is simple and fruitful.
C. It is temprary. D. It is demanding.
4. What wuld be the public attitude t the hybrid wheat accrding t Dave Hankey?
A. Indifferent. B. Resistant. C. Appreciative. D. Cautius.
答案
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. C
题组五
Passage 17(2024届湖南名校联考联合体联考三,A)主题：家庭生活
Family Outdr Activities in Denver
Explre the great utdrs! Enjy the sun and see what utdr adventures yu can find!
Berry Patch Farms
It pens in June fr the seasn. It's a pick-yur-wn fruit place! It's free t get in, and yu nly pay fr what yu pick. Luckily, they dn't weigh yu when yu get there and when yu leave, because it's hard t resist eating the fresh strawberries there. The kids lve wandering arund in the yard with the chickens, turkeys and pigs, and picking ut wnderful fresh prduce in the farmhuse fr supper.
Bluff Lake Nature Center
This urban wildlife refuge(保护区) and “utdr classrm” is lcated n the eastern edge f Stapletn, and is pen frm sunrise t sunset. Its beautiful birding htspt has encuraged a large and active cmmunity f birders, wh have helped identify 226 different bird species at Bluff Lake. Be sure t check ut their calendar fr different events r g there any day f the week t find sme quiet time away frm the city!
First Friday Art Walks
A significant event f Denver's Art District n Santa Fe. All year rund, rain r shine, the District cmes alive n the first Friday f each mnth as thusands cme t Santa Fe Drive fr the First Friday Art Walks frm 5:30 am t 9:30 pm.
View art frm hundreds f artists in galleries, studis, upstairs, dwnstairs, in squares, n the streets—everywhere!
Plains Cnservatin Center
Discver yur lcal prairie(大草原). It's an utdr educatin facility and natural area cnsisting f tw sites ttaling abut 8,894 acres. The Aurra site is lcated at 21901 E. Hampden Avenue. The West Biju site is lcated near the Arapahe Cunty/Elbert Cunty line alng West Biju Creek. The cnservatin center is pen Mnday-Sunday year-rund. Mnday-Friday hurs are 6:30 am-4:30 pm; Saturday-Sunday hurs are 8:00 am-4:30 pm.
1. What can be free fr visitrs t Berry Patch Farms?
A. Fd fr supper. B. Strawberries they eat.
C. Fd they take hme. D. Strawberries they pick.
2. Hw ften des the First Friday Art Walks take place?
A. Daily. B. Weekly. C. Mnthly D. Yearly.
3. What are Bluff Lake Nature Center and Plains Cnservatin Center similar in?
A. Size. B. Gegraphy. C. Opening hurs. D. The rle they play.
答案
1. B 2. C 3. D
Passage 18(2024届四川五市联考,C)主题：志愿服务
Denmark retired after practicing medicine fr 73 years and then vlunteered her services until she culdn't anymre. She died at the age f 114.
I met her by phne when the pediatrician(儿科医生) culdn't figure ut what was wrng with my baby. On the phne, she talked with me fr mre than 30 minutes. I tk her advice, and my baby was better abut 10 days later. She never charged me.
“Yu keep n ding what yu d best as lng as yu can,” she was famus fr the wrds. And it turned ut that her advice abut actively helping thers was as gd as her medical advice.
Obviusly, we can't all live as lng as Dr. Denmark. But recent research has shwn that vlunteering prvides a lngevity bst similar t the effects f adding multiple servings f fruits and vegetables t yur daily diet. Specifically, lder adults wh vlunteer are at 24 percent less risk f early death. The psitive impact f giving and vlunteering n lder peple ges beynd that. Accrding t the research, adults ver 55 wh give their time t thers have an easier time with everyday tasks. Besides, vlunteers experience 250 percent less cgnitive decline leading t dementia(痴呆).
Accrding t a new study in the Jurnal f Happiness Studies, peple wh vlunteer reprt higher levels f happiness and life satisfactin. The study tk it a secnd step and fllwed peple wh began vlunteering—mnitring their respnses frm the time they started vlunteering. The lnger they vlunteered and the mre they vlunteered, the greater level f happiness they reprted.
Yu may already be vlunteering yur time. But if yu're nt, cnsider the charities yu supprt. Think abut the skills yu might be able t ffer them. Yu are likely t be glad abut what yu d.
1. What can we knw abut Denmark?
A. She retired at the age f 73. B. She vlunteered fr 73 years.
C. She was patient and prfessinal. D. She nce frgt t charge the authr.
2. Hw many benefits f vlunteering are mentined in paragraph 4?
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
3. What des the authr try t d in the last paragraph?
A. Seek supprt. B. Encurage peple t vlunteer.
C. Offer slutins. D. Advise sharpening skills.
4. What's the text mainly abut?
A. The kindness f a dctr. B. The struggle f child-raising.
C. The prcess f being a vlunteer. D. The benefits f vlunteering.
答案
1. C 2. C 3. B 4. D
Passage 19(2024届河南鹤壁第二次模拟,C)主题：人际关系
Saying farewell t smene yu lve, even fr a night, can be difficult, much less saying gdbye fr a lifetime r frever in death. Juliet bid Rme adieu(再见) fr the evening with the wrds, “Parting is such sweet srrw.” Sweet srrw is an xymrn. But this seeming cntradictin is true in the cntext f relatinships.
Relatinships are based n feelings, emtins, and passin. Deep friendships and lving relatinships are measured by the level f emtinal attachment. Emtins intensify ver time. Peple spend time with the peple they like. The mre ne persn likes anther persn, the clser the relatinship becmes. Each persn in the relatinship receives an emtinal benefit frm knwing the ther persn.
Saying gdbye means separating frm the peple wh make up a significant part f yur emtinal identity. Separatin, even a temprary absence, frm the peple yu have a deep emtinal cnnectin with can cause srrw because yu will n lnger be able t enjy their cmpany.
The sweet side f saying gdbye is the emtinal fulfillment f being in a clse relatinship. The time spent tgether is emtinally rewarding, especially if that persn is seen as a sulmate. Humans are scial beings. We seek the lve and cmfrt frm ther peple. Lneliness devastates(摧毁) the human cnditin and leads t sadness. Sad peple will d anything they can t find fulfilling relatinships. Likewise, happy peple will d anything they can t maintain r enhance relatinships. Herein lies the essential pint f the emtinal prblem.
The mre intense relatinships becme, the mre devastating the emtinal lss that is felt upn separatin will be. The exhilaratin f relatinships cannt be truly measured withut experiencing the verwhelming lss f a deep emtinal cnnectin.
Enjy the cmpany f the persn yu are with as lng as yu can; knwing the pain yu will feel at the end f the relatinship is the true measure f the relatinship. If it desn't hurt t say gdbye, perhaps it wasn't wrth saying hell.
1. Which f the wrd grup can create the same effect as “sweet srrw”?
A. icy cld B. clicking sund C. deafening silence D. endless speech
2. What can we learn frm paragraph 3?
A. Saying gdbye is unavidable in ur daily life.
B. The cmpanin f clse friends can lessen srrw.
C. A persn's identity is cnnected with relatinship.
D. Separatin is the srrwful part f saying gdbye.
3. What gives a persn emtinal satisfactin in scial life?
A. Making mre cmmunicatin with thers.
B. Building deep emtinal cnnectins with thers.
C. Cmfrting friends with lve and intense feelings.
D. Being a thughtful persn by standing in thers' shes.
4. What is the main idea f the passage?
A. Sweet srrw is very cmmn in clse relatinships.
B. The pain f separatin is the measure f relatinships.
C. Human beings are eager t get emtinal fulfillment.
D. Happiness is meaningless withut sadness t cmpare it.
答案
1. C 2. D 3. B 4. B
Passage 20(2024届山东多校开学联考,C)主题：发展与环境
French cmpany Airseas, has prmised t help carg ships(货船) reduce their fuel cnsumptin, and cut their greenhuse gas emissins by an average f 20%. And they're ding this with Seawing—a 1,000-square-meter kite that will fly 300 meters abve the water's surface. S the glbal shipping industry is apparently rediscvering the jy and efficiency f the sail.
The large, ship-sized kite is currently being develped, and the cmpany plans t pen a factry t prduce Seawing in 2026. Once manufactured, Airseas has prmised that launching and perating Seawing n a carg vessel(大船) will be autmated, making it easy t use fr crews. The kite and the equipment that launches it are munted n a bat's deck, and the crew can simply press sme buttns and a large kite will rise int the sky. That's nt t say that the carg ships wn't use their engines at all, but the kite will take sme pressure ff f thse engines and will reduce the need fr fuel. The wind will mve the ship, just like it did fr hundreds f years in the ld days befre industrializatin.
Lwering emissins by 20% may nt seem like a big deal, but mving vast amunts f gds back and frth n the high seas creates 3% f the wrld's greenhuse gas emissins. That's mre than the airline industry, which prduced abut 2% f the wrld's emissins in 2021, accrding t the Internatinal Energy Agency. Shipping is als a massive industry, and ne wrth fcusing n fr lwering emissins. Abut 90% f the wrld's traded gds are mved arund via shipping vessels, accrding t the Internatinal Chamber f Shipping.
Sme cmpanies are expecting this new versin f sails. Japanese shipping cmpany, “K” Line has placed rders fr the Seawing kite, and the Eurpean Unin has als invested mre than $2 millin in funding.
1. What is French cmpany Airseas trying t d?
A. Participate in kite-flying cmpetitins. B. Make sea explratin easy and jyful.
C. Prduce big kites t be used fr sailing. D. Ship carges with lw fuel cnsumptin.
2. What's the feature f Seawing?
A. It will cmpletely replace engines. B. It will be a lightweight device.
C. It will be easily perated by crews. D. It will fllw the carg vessel at sea.
3. Why is the airline industry mentined in paragraph 3?
A. T cnfirm a predictin. B. T make a cmparisn.
C. T lead in a new tpic. D. T analyze cause and effect.
4. What is the best title f the text?
A. The shipping industry is getting ppular again.
B. The greenhuse gas emissins are being greatly reduced.
C. Seawing factries are t be pened in Eurpe.
D. Kites n the bat are helping cut shipping emissins.
答案
1. C 2. C 3. B 4. D
题组六
Passage 21(2024届浙江强基联盟适应考,A)主题：文化遗产
Histric Sites in Paris
Paris is a city full f sites f different times and architectural styles. Here are sme f these famus spts that are essential t understand the city's cmplicated past.
Eiffel Twer
Presented as part f the 1889 Wrld Expsitin in Paris, the Eiffel Twer has becme the city's mst famus attractin. It is accessible n Line 6 r Line 9 f the Paris Metr by Bir-Hakeim r Trcadér statins. If pssible, avid visiting this spt at peak hurs (10:00 :00 p.m.) r n weekends, s yu can make the mst f yur visit t enjy the views frm the tp. The best mments are right after it first pens n weekdays.
Ntre-Dame Cathedral
Dating back t the 12th century, the Ntre-Dame Cathedral has lng twered alngside the banks f the Seine River. With its cmplicated Gthic(哥特式的) architectural details, it represents Parisian religin and architecture. Unfrtunately, a fire brke ut n April 15, 2019, destrying part f it. Visitrs are nt allwed t enter nw.
Luvre Museum
Luvre Museum is ne f the mst famus art museums in the wrld where yu can witness the city's rich painting histry frm the medieval(中世纪的) perid t the present. It is easily accessible n Line 1. It is clsed n Tuesdays as well as January 1, May 1, and December 25 each year.
Arc de Trimphe
The Arc de Trimphe serves as a natinal symbl f France, which was built by NaplenⅠ in celebratin f the victry at the Battle f Austerlitz. Take Line 1, 2, r 6 t Charles de Gaulle-Étile statin and yu will see the Arc de Trimphe. Visitrs can purchase tickets fr a tur t the tp t enjy the views f the city.
1. Which is the best time t visit Eiffel Twer?
A. At 2:00 p.m., Sunday. B. At 9:00 a.m., Mnday.
C. At 11:00 a.m., Tuesday. D. At 10:00 a.m., Saturday.
2. Where shuld visitrs g if they are interested in art histry?
A. Eiffel Twer. B. Luvre Museum.
C. Arc de Trimphe. D. Ntre-Dame Cathedral.
3. What can be inferred frm the listed attractins?
A. They require tickets fr a tur.
B. They are easily accessible by subway.
C. They allw visitrs t enter n hlidays.
D. They are spts t shw the histry f Paris.
答案
1. B 2. B 3. D
Passage 22(2024届江苏南京中华中学学情检测,D)主题：健康生活
While teenagers wh are at risk f depressin with risky behavirs—drinking alchl, smking cigarettes and cutting classes ften alert parents and teachers that serius prblems are brewing, a new study finds that there's anther grup f adlescents wh are in nearly as much danger f experiencing the same mental symptms.
These teens use tns f media, get insufficient sleep and have a sedentary (不爱活动的) lifestyle. Of curse, that may sund like a descriptin f every teenager n the planet. But the study warns that it is teenagers wh engage in all three f these practices in the extreme that are truly in a dangerus psitin. Because their behavirs are nt usually seen as a red flag, these yung peple have been called the “invisible risk” grup by the study's authrs.
The study's authrs surveyed 15,395 students and analyzed nine risk behavirs, including excessive alchl use, illegal drug use, heavy smking and high media use. Their aim was t determine the relatinship between these risk behavirs and mental health issues in teenagers. The grup that scred high n all nine f the risk behavirs was mst likely t shw symptms f depressin; in all, nearly 15% f this grup reprted being depressed, cmpared with just 4% f the lw-risk grup. But the invisible grup wasn't far behind the high-risk set, with mre than 13% f them exhibiting depressin.
The findings caught Carli ff guard. “We didn't expect that,” he says. “The high-risk grup and lw-risk grup are bvius, but this third grup was nt nly unexpected. It was s distinct and s larger—nearly ne third f ur samples—that it became a key finding f the study.”
Carli says that ne f the mst significant things abut his study is that it prvides new early warning signs fr parents, teachers and mental health-care prviders. And early identificatins, supprt and treatment fr mental health issues, he says, are the best ways t keep them frm turning int full-blwn disrders.
1. Which teenager prbably belngs t the “invisible risk” grup?
A. A teenager wh drinks frequently. B. A teenager wh exercises regularly.
C. A teenager wh skips schl. D. A teenager wh suffers frm a lack f sleep.
2. What can we knw abut the new study?
A. It was cnducted by analyzing and cmparing the previus data.
B. It was intended t dig int the reasns fr depressin.
C. It revealed an alarming rate f the invisible grup suffering depressin.
D. Its findings were within the expectatin f the research team.
3. What is Carli's attitude tward the findings?
A. Cnservative. B. Psitive. C. Dubtful. D. Indifferent.
4. The authr wrte this passage t .
A. intrduce a new therapy fr teens' mental disrder
B. warn abut the unbserved signals fr teens' mental prblems
C. share a nvel psychlgical experiment with teens
D. cautin teens against develping unhealthy habits
答案
1. D 2. C 3. B 4. B
Passage 23(2024届江苏盐城联盟校调研,C)主题：自然科学研究成果
A grundbreaking new study finds that cffee beans are bigger and mre plentiful when birds and bees team up t prtect and pllinate(授粉) cffee plants.
Withut these winged helpers, sme traveling thusands f miles, cffee farmers wuld see a 25% drp in crps, a lss f rughly $1,066 per acre f cffee. That's imprtant fr the $26 billin cffee industry—including cnsumers, farmers, and crpratins wh depend n nature's unpaid labr—but the research ges beynd that.
The study in the Prceedings f the Natinal Academy f Sciences is the first t shw, using real-wrld experiments at 30 cffee farms, that the cntributins f nature—in this case, bee pllinatin cmbined with pest(害虫) cntrl by birds—are larger than their individual cntributins.
“Until nw, researchers have typically calculated the benefits f nature separately, and then simply added them up, which actually underestimates the benefits bidiversity prvides t agriculture and human well-being,” says lead expert Alejandra. “But nature is an interacting system, full f imprtant synergies(协同). We shw the eclgical and ecnmic imprtance f these interactins in ne f the first experiments in actual farms.”
Fr the experiment, researchers dealt with cffee plants acrss 30 farms, excluding birds and bees with a cmbinatin f large nets and small bags. They tested fur key situatins: bird activity alne, bee activity alne, n bird r bee activity at all, and finally, a natural envirnment, where bees and birds were free t pllinate and eat insects like the cffee berry brer, ne f the mst damaging pests affecting cffee prductin wrldwide. The cmbined psitive effects f birds and bees n fruit set, fruit weight and fruit unifrmity—key factrs in quality and price—were greater than their individual effects, the study shws.
“Birds, bees, and millins f ther species supprt ur lives and livelihds, but face threats like habitat destructin and climate change,” says Alejandra. “One imprtant reasn we measure these cntributins is t help prtect the many species that we depend n, and smetimes take fr granted.”
1. What des the new research fcus n?
A. Ways t increase cffee prductin.
B. Winged helpers' effects n cffee plants.
C. Factrs affecting cffee plants' pllinatin.
D. The imprtance f pest cntrl n cffee plants.
2. Which f the fllwing is a majr bst t the cffee industry?
A. High-quality service. B. Gvernment interventin.
C. Expanding investment. D. Maintaining bidiversity.
3. Hw did the researchers cnduct the tests accrding t paragraph 5?
A. By intrducing a cncept. B. By making cmparisns.
C. By explaining statistical data. D. By referring t a previus study.
4. In which sectin f a newspaper may this text appear?
A. Advertisement. B. Health. C. Science. D. Travel.
答案
1. B 2. D 3. B 4. C
Passage 24(2024届湖南长沙雅礼中学月考二,D)主题：科技发展
Autmatin(自动化) was a ht tpic. Nearly everyne agreed that peple wuld be wrking less nce cmputers and ther kinds f autmatic machinery became widespread. Fr ptimists, this was a prmise f liberatin: At last humanity wuld be freed frm cnstant til, and we culd all devte ur days t mre refined pursuits. But thers saw a threat: Millins f peple wuld be thrwn ut f wrk, and desperate masses wuld ram the streets. Lking back frm 50 years hence, the cntrversy ver autmatin seems a quaint and curius episde. The dispute was never reslved.
A. J. Hayes, a leader (and n relatin t me), wrte in 1964: Autmatin is nt just a new kind f mechanizatin but a revlutinary frce capable f verturning ur scial rder. Whereas mechanizatin made wrkers mre efficient—and thus mre valuable—autmatin threatens t make them superfluus(过剩的)—and thus withut value. The pinins I have cited here represent extreme psitins, and there were als many milder views. But I think it's fair t say that mst early students f autmatin, including bth critics and enthusiasts, believed the new technlgy wuld lead us int a wrld where peple wrked much less.
As fr ecnmic cnsequences, wrries abut unemplyment have certainly nt gne away—nt with jb lsses in the current recessin appraching 2 millin wrkers in my cuntry alne. But recent jb lsses are cmmnly attributed t causes ther than autmatin, such as cmpetitin frm verseas r a rller-caster financial system. In any case, the visin f a wrld where machines d all the wrk and peple stand idly by has simply nt cme t pass.
The spread f autmatin utside f the factry has altered its scial and ecnmic impact in sme curius ways. In many cases, the net effect f autmatin is nt that machines are ding wrk that peple used t d. Instead, we've dispensed with the peple wh used t be paid t run the machines, and we've learned t run them urselves. These trends cntradict almst all the expectatins f early writers n autmatin, bth ptimists and pessimists. S far, autmatin has neither liberated us frm the need t wrk nr deprived us f the pprtunity t wrk. Instead, we're wrking mre than ever.
What abut trades clser t my wn vital interests? Will science be autmated? Technlgy already has a central rle in many areas f research; fr example, genme sequences culd nt be read by traditinal lab-bench methds. Replacing the scientist will presumably be a little harder than replacing the lab technician, but when a machine exhibits enugh curisity and tenacity, I think we'll just have t welcme it as a cmpanin in zealus research. And if the scientist is elbwed aside by an autmatn, then surely the science writer can't hld ut either. I'm ready fr my 15-hur wrkweek.
1. What des the writer mainly want t cnvey in Paragraph 1?
A. Autmatin results in unemplyment.
B. Autmatin des mre harm than gd.
C. The issue f autmatin is still in discussin.
D. Autmatin brings in much cnvenience in life.
2. Accrding t A. J. Hayes, we can learn .
A. autmatin is mre valuable than what we imagine
B. autmatin will greatly change ur scial rder
C. the disadvantages f autmatin far utweigh the advantages
D. the new technlgy wuld lead peple int wrking much less
3. What des the underlined wrd pssibly mean?
A. Put us dwn fr. B. Set us free frm. C. Bring us int. D. frm us.
4. What can we cnclude frm this passage?
A. Peple needn't wrk s hard due t autmatin.
B. Traditinal labr frce will be replaced in the near future.
C. Autmatin shuld be accepted reasnably in develpment.
D. Autmatin results in mre jb lsses in the writer's cuntry.
答案
1. C 2. B 3. D 4. C
题组七
Passage 25(2023河北部分学校联合测评,A)主题：传统节日
Amazing Festivals
Yi Peng Lantern Festival, Thailand
This wnderful unique Festival is celebrated in Chiang Mai, in Nvember, every year. It is held n the full mn f the twelfth lunar mnth every year. Lcals believe that this is the time when the mn is at its brightest and the rivers are filled t their fullest, s this is the best time t light a lantern r set a flating “krathng” ff n the river and make a wish.
Hli Festival, India
Hli is a Hindu festival, which marks the beginning f spring. The hliday symblizes the victry f gd ver evil,the end f winter and it is celebrated as a thanksgiving fr a gd harvest.
Day f the Dead, Mexic
The rigins f the Day f the Dead g back sme 3000 years. Upn dying, a persn was believed t travel t the Land f the Dead. The belief is that spirits return t the wrld f the living ne day. The spirits are greeted with fferings f their favrite fd and drinks.
Carnival f Venice, Italy
The rigins f the Venice Carnival are fund in tw different ancient traditins: the Latin Saturnalia and the Greek Dinysian cults—majr religius festivals invlving the use f masks and symblic representatins. They are made f leather, prcelain r using the riginal glass technique. The Carnival ends with an imprtant Christian event, the start f Lent, 40 days befre Easter.
1. Which festival is assciated with the mn?
A. Hli Festival. B. Day f the Dead.
C. Carnival f Venice. D. Yi Peng Lantern Festival.
2. What will Mexicans d when the spirits return t the earth?
A. Entertain them. B. Drive them away.
C. Spare a rm fr them. D. Spend a few days with them.
3. In which sectin f the Internet can we find this text?
A. Culture. B. Ecnmy. C. Well-being. D. Advertisement.
答案
1. D 2. A 3. A
Passage 26(2023山东潍坊三模,C)主题：野生动物保护
Researcher Ruijia Hu said wildlife habitat in crwded places like suthwest Ohi is becming increasingly fragmented(分散的) as frests give way t new cnstructin. Eventually, this culd make truble fr an animal with specific habitat needs like Ohi's pileated(红冠) wdpeckers.
Pileated wdpeckers have the nickname carpenter birds fr their never-ending natural wdwrking. They peck hles in trees fr their nests every year, creating lts f valuable hmes fr animals like fx squirrels and wls. “They make new nests every year. They wn't reuse ld nes,” Hu said. “Other animals depend n them.”
Pileated wdpeckers are private birds that are mre ften heard than seen. Studying them can be especially difficult. S Hu turned t citizen science fr help. T identify where wdpeckers have been seen, she used eight years f sightings cllected by birders and lgged in t the website eBird, a free nline tl and app that anyne can use t recrd their bservatins and lcatins. She verlaid these sightings with remte sensing data and fund that crridrs alng rivers and creeks with abundant mature trees and deadwd helped the birds adjust t their increasingly fragmented urban landscape.
“With fragmented frests, many habitats that were nce suitable fr wildlife are brken up,” Hu said. “Wildlife is unable t find habitat big enugh t meet their survival needs. And even if there are suitable habitats, the distance between them can be t great. Wildlife crridrs link up these habitat patches. Since wildlife can travel and migrate frm ne patch t anther, the prbability f finding fd and shelter is higher.”
“There are s many species in urban areas that we dn't pay attentin t, especially when they're nt cnsidered vulnerable,” Hu said. “With develpment chipping away at mre frest in this crwded cunty, the tipping pint(临界点) culd cme quickly and unexpectedly. Yu can't fix it vernight. It's nt just abut planting mre trees. The birds need mature frest, s it culd take 30 t 50 years t replace their habitat. At least we can prtect these riverside frest crridrs and see that existing trees reach maturity.”
1. What can we infer frm the secnd paragraph?
A. The magpie's nest is ccupied by the dve. B. Birds abandn the ld fr the new easily.
C. Friendship really exists amng animals. D. One's trash is anther treasure.
2. What is the main idea f the third paragraph?
A. The effect f Hu's study n birds. B. The prcess f Hu's research.
C. The difficulty Hu had in her study. D. The applicatin f technlgy.
3. What rle d wildlife crridrs play fr birds?
A. Helping them survive in the fragmented landscape.
B. Making them adjust t deadwd quickly.
C. Prviding them with enugh fd fr survival.
D. Ensuring them a stable and safe habitat.
4. What des Hu imply in the last paragraph?
A. One tree desn't make a frest. B. Be wise after the event.
C. Prepare fr a rainy day. D. Take things as they cme.
答案
1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C
Passage 27(2023湖北武汉调研,D)主题：社会交往
D yu ever hear a friend speak n a tpic with the belief that “everyne” thinks the same way? D yu ften find yurself surrunded by a scial media feed that is cmpletely tailred t yu and yur beliefs, reading alng withut the immediate realizatin?
A scial media ech chamber(回声室) is when ne experiences a tailred media experience that leaves ut ppsing viewpints and differing vices. Scial media sites like Facebk, Twitter, and YuTube cnnect grups f like-minded users tgether based n shared cntent preferences. As a result, peple see and take in infrmatin accrding t ur preexisting beliefs and pinins. Scial media cmpanies therefre rely n algrithms(算法) t assess ur interests and fld us with infrmatin that will keep ur attentin. The algrithms fcus n what we “like” and “share” t keep feeding cntent that makes us cmfrtable.
In rder t truly get access t all infrmatin and t evaluate ur media, we must give urselves the pprtunity t step ut f ur cmfrt zne. While this becmes increasingly challenging, there are things we can d. The first step is t beef up yur media cnsumptin surces. Adding in a few media surces with differing pinins will allw yu t at least understand what peple are saying utside f yur ech chamber. Next, read each thing yu see with a critical eye. Make sure that each thing yu accept as truth is truly fact. Lastly, attempt t search ut reliable new surces that are knwn fr trying their best t leave ut false infrmatin. By accepting that ur media buffet n scial media is a prduct f ur present beliefs and pinins, we can wrk t make sure we are nt simply stuck in a scial media ech chamber.
1. What is a result f the scial media ech chamber?
A. Peple cntact like-minded nline users effectively.
B. Peple keep reading fr mre differing viewpints.
C. Peple rely n algrithms t evaluate their interests.
D. Peple nly get infrmatin cnfirming their beliefs.
2. What des “beef up” underlined in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Track. B. Imprve. C. Prvide. D. Identify.
3. Which f the fllwing can help us get ut f the ech chamber?
A. Criticizing fake news n scial media.
B. Expsing urselves t ppsing vices.
C. Researching primary surces f infrmatin.
D. Accepting ur present beliefs and pinins.
4. What is the purpse f the text?
A. T call n peple t use algrithms frequently.
B. T ask peple nt t take in infrmatin blindly.
C. T prmte the use f varius scial media sites.
D. T infrm peple f new technlgy develpments.
答案
1. D 2. B 3. B 4. B
Passage 28(2023江西南昌十中一模,D)主题：生活方式
It's ne f the ultimate tests f willpwer: yu've been wandering arund the market fr hurs and yu're tired and hungry. Then yu catch a smell f smething fragrant(香的) and delicius, prbably fried and almst certainly fattening. Junk fd cmpanies are well aware that the smell f their prduct sets ff a desire in yur brain and that yu'll pay fr that later. It is a respnse that has been researched, and yu'd better believe yur favrite fast-fd chains have marketing teams that are using that research t their advantage.
Let's take a clser lk at this prcess. Have yu ever nticed that whatever indulgent fd(放纵型食品) catches yur attentin tends t be the mst appealing just after yu first smell it? A cuple f minutes later yu are standing in line, and it isn't quite as appealing as it was just mments ag, but nw yu've invested time, s yu trust yur first feeling t treat yurself.
But a recent statement says that this is actually the right mment t walk away. Dipayan Biswas, a marketing prfessr, fund there is a direct cnnectin between hw lng a persn is expsed t indulgent fd smells and chsing healthier fds. “The results f a series f experiments shw that extended expsure f mre than tw minutes t junk fd smells leads t fewer purchases f unhealthy fds cmpared with n smell r a nn-junk-fd-related smell,” reads the summary f his study.
What appears t be ging n here is that the brain desn't necessarily distinguish between a pleasurable smell and a pleasant taste. “Extended expsure t an indulgent fd smell brings pleasure in the mind, which in turn reduces the desire fr actual cnsumptin f indulgent fds,” he explains. S next time yu feel yu dn't have the willpwer t resist ckies, smell all that sweetness fr just a minute r tw. T yur brain it's the same as actually eating ckies, and the purchase desire wuld decrease.
1. What can we learn abut junk fd smells frm the first paragraph?
A. They hardly affect peple's fd chices. B. They can make a difference in marketing.
C. They are unlikely t fl wise custmers. D. They finally decrease peple's purchase desire.
2. What des the secnd paragraph basically serve as?
A. An example. B. An argument. C. A cmparisn. D. A cmment.
3. Which statement will Biswas prbably agree with?
A. The influence f fd smells changes ver time.
B. The senses f taste and smell are clsely linked.
C. The behavir f smelling fd desn't equal eating it.
D. The brain can't tell where sensry pleasure is frm.
4. Which f the fllwing culd the best title fr the text?
A. Train Yur Brain t Resist Junk Fd B. Watch Out fr Tricky Marketing Tls
C. Fd Addictin Is Never Abut Willpwer D. Smelling Junk Fd Lnger Can Keep Yu ff It
答案
1. B 2. A 3. A 4. D
题组八
Passage 29(2023广东广州三模,A)主题：完善自我
We ffer a prgramme f lectures by members f the MCLL cmmunity and ther lifelng learning rganisatins, as well as university faculty members wh have been invited t share their research with us n a variety f tpics.
Lecture 1: Scial Media and Misinfrmatin
Time: Friday, June 9, 10:00 a.m. Presenter: Richard Harris Attendance: Online
A retired American IT prfessinal, Richard Harris, will take us deep int a scial media's business mdel, its differences frm traditinal media, recent examples f its use fr misinfrmatin and pssible slutins that respect freedm f expressin. A lively rund-table discussin nt t be missed!
Lecture 2: Glbal Mental Health
Time: Friday, June 16, 1:00 p.m. Presenter: Marc Laprta Attendance: Online
Mental health was knwn t the public quite late. Many cuntries are finding ways t reduce its impact, but many factrs get in the way. Hwever, prgress is visible, and hpe is justified. Marc Laprta will discuss different aspects f mental health and exchange ideas abut ways t imprve the situatin.
Lecture 3: The Silk Rad
Time: Friday, June 23, 10:00 a.m. Presenter: Gerge Lapa Attendance: Online
The Silk Rad refers t a netwrk f rutes, cvering ver 6,400 km, used by traders frm the Han Dynasty f China. The exchange f infrmatin gave rise t new technlgies and innvatins that changed the Western wrld. Tpics such as gunpwder, the cmpass(指南针), papermaking and printing will be presented.
Lecture 4: Suth t Textile Factries
Time: Friday, June 30, 10:00 a.m. Presenter: Muriel Herringtn Attendance: In persn
Between 1840 and 1930 a millin French-Canadians left Canada t wrk in the United States. Many were emplyed in textile(纺织品) factries in the New England states. In these areas they set up cmmunities where they maintained the French language and culture. In this lecture Muriel Herringtn will describe their wrking and living cnditins and shw their impact.
1. What will the audience attending Lecture 1 d?
A. Build a scial media's business mdel. B. Exchange ideas with each ther.
C. Enjy mre respect and freedm. D. Cntact the presenter in advance.
2. Wh will talk abut the great inventins f ancient China?
A. Marc Laprta. B. Richard Harris. C. Gerge Lapa. D. Muriel Herringtn.
3. In which lecture will the audience have face time with the presenter?
A. The Silk Rad. B. Suth t Textile Factries.
C. Glbal Mental Health. D. Scial Media and Misinfrmatin.
答案
1. B 2. C 3. B
Passage 30(2024届湖北孝感重点高中教科研协作体开学考,B)主题：环境保护
My husband and I always wanted t g t the Caribbean but didn't knw much abut the islands r hw we were ging t affrd it. By chance, a friend f urs in Australia mentined “pet sitting” and that it is smething yu can d all ver the wrld.
We quickly created an accunt n a pet sitting website and began searching fr ptins. There were nly a cuple f jbs available in that part f the wrld, but we tried ur luck, sent a request, and t ur surprise landed a three-mnth jb in Grenada, s ur year was ging t be taken up with Caribbean pet sittings.
Inspired by a Canadian cuple, we decided t start ur wn travel blg. We began by writing abut the Virgin Islands, highlighting the beautiful beaches. Hwever, fr every pht album f a beautiful beach, there were 10 phts f trash. It was hard t ignre the plastic pllutin issue, especially n such primitive and remte beaches. S, we began t share phts f the trash we saw and hw much we culd pick up n ur daily dg walks.
The mre we lked int plastic pllutin, the mre we realized the severity f the glbal plastic pllutin. Frm that pint, we used ur platfrm t create awareness and highlight ways t say n t plastic and travel plastic-free. We changed ur daily rutines, ur way f living, and even ur diets t accmmdate mre rganic fds and little t n plastic packaging.
It's been ver three years nw and we cntinue t d what we can. This jurney has led us t sme amazing places, wrking with great brands and even rganizing a cuntrywide beach clean-up campaign in Grenada.
Our aim nw is t keep n ging. We lve cnnecting with like-minded peple. What amazing years that was sparked by a cnversatin abut pet sitting! Wh wuld have guessed?
1. Why did the authr d pet sitting?
A. T raise funds. B. T prtect the envirnment.
C. T cver travel expenses. D. T sht beautiful beaches.
2. What des the authr intend t cnvey thrugh her stry?
A. Pet sitting is a new type f ccupatin.
B. The Caribbean is an ideal travel destinatin.
C. Travel blg is a superb way t gain ppularity.
D. Actin shuld be taken t fight plastic pllutin.
3. Hw did the authr find her experience in the Caribbean?
A. Significant. B. Challenging. C. Adventurus. D. Dreadful.
4. Which f the fllwing can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Changing Lifestyles by Pet Sitting
B. Unexpected Gains frm Pet Sitting Travel
C. Dealing with Glbal Envirnment Pllutin
D. The Availability f Pet Sitting in the Caribbean
答案
1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B
Passage 31(2023山东潍坊二模,C)主题：技术创新
As winter arrives, the prblem f fgged-up car windscreens becmes mre pressing fr drivers. Anti-misting sprays(喷雾剂) are ne way t deal with such fgging. But they need frequent reapplicatin. Anther apprach is t fix within the thing t be demisted a set f electrically pwered heating wires. But because f the visual distractin created, that desn't wrk fr a car's frnt windscreen.
Iran Hachler and Dims Pulikaks f the Swiss Federal Institute f Technlgy in Zurich have, hwever, cme up with anther way f warming smething up t stp fg frming. Their new material is a cating ten nanmetres(纳米) thick. It is flexible, easily made using existing prcesses, and can be applied as a cating t glass r plastic, r inset inside such materials. Its demisting prperties are pwered by sunlight.
In effect, it is a gld sandwich. The “bread” f this sandwich is a pair f layers(层), tp and bttm, f a chemical material, each three nanmetres thick. The filling is a fur-nanmetre deep glden material. The whle structure lets visible light pass unlimitedly, while absrbing invisible lights and transfrming them int heat. It is the filling that warms the glass. Gld acts as a medium in the heating prcess. The netwrk will nw absrb heat if left in the sunshine. The tp and bttm layers bst that absrptin.
Glass cated with Mr Hachler's and Dr Pulikaks's inventin is, they claim, fur times mre effective at preventing fg than an uncunted surface. It absrbs arund 30% f slar radiatin incident upn it—which, n a sunny day, increases the temperature f what it is applied t by arund 8°C. On a cludy day, that temperature rise is clser t 3-4℃. But in either case the enhancement is sufficient bth t remve any fg that has frmed and t prevent new fg frming.
The next step, Mr Hachler says, is t find the prduct's best market. Even thugh gld is used, the cst f adding this extra ne is lw. Fr the tw inventrs, thugh, the idea might prve a gld mine.
1. What is the disadvantage f anti-misting sprays?
A. They have n lasting effect. B. They damage the windscreens.
C. They turn the drivers' attentin away. D. They are cnstantly pwered by electricity.
2. What is the functin f the center layer?
A. T save up heat. B. T prtect the gld.
C. T prduce electricity. D. T heat the windscreens.
3. What can be inferred abut the inventin frm paragraph 4?
A. It is useless n cludy days. B. It is unable t wrk at night.
C. Cated glass absrbs the visible lights. D. Uncated glass lwers the temperature by 8℃.
4. What des the authr think f the new inventin?
A. It is very cstly. B. It hits the market well.
C. It is highly prfitable. D. It needs further imprvement.
答案
1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C
Passage 32(2023重庆高考模拟调研二,C)主题：健康生活
Let's face it—mst f us can't resist a cup f tea r cffee smetimes. They're a perfect pick-me-up and cmfrter. But there are alternative drinks, s why have we chsen these as ur g-t drinks t sthe ur busy lives? And which ne is superir?
Let's start with tea—it's the secnd mst cnsumed drink in the wrld. Fr many—especially the British—having a “cuppa” is a daily practice. The caffeine cntained in it helps wake yu up in the mrning, and thrughut the day we'll make a brew t distract us frm ur wrk. And accrding t sme scientists, habitual tea cnsumptin can have sme health benefits. Andrew Stepte, a prfessr frm UCL Research Department f Epidemilgy and Public Health, tld BBC Gd Fd, “Drinking black tea may speed up recvery frm the daily stresses in we d nt knw what ingredients f tea were respnsible fr these effects n stress recvery and relaxatin.”
Cffee is tea's “trendier” rival(竞争对手). Its ppularity has grwn ver the years, and this is reflected in the number f cffee shps we see arund places t hang ut, d business r catch up with friends. Cffee can taste great and can be served in many ways, but it's smetimes hw yu have it that can be seen as a status symbl r the preserve f hipsters(潮人). Of curse, it gives yu a strng caffeine hit—rughly duble f that cntained in tea. Hwever, t much can lead t anxiety. Sleep scientist Matt Walker tld BBC that caffeine can decrease the amunt f restrative deep sleep yu have.
But sme scientists say drinking cffee and green tea can als be gd fr us. Researchers at Osaka University linked drinking a daily cup f cffee with a lwer risk f death amng bth strke survivrs and healthy peple, while drinking seven r mre cups f green tea was assciated with a lwer risk f death amng bth heart attack and strke survivrs. S, whether we turn t cffee r tea fr its taste, its image r as a lifestyle chice, it culd be a lifesaver!
1. What des the underlined wrd “sthe” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A. Change. B. Relieve. C. Describe. D. Cpy.
2. What can be inferred frm Paragraph 2?
A. Tea is the mst cnsumed drink in the wrld.
B. The caffeine in tea can cure peple f illness.
C. Tea helps prmte ur careers and friendship.
D. The ingredients f tea help peple frget truble.
3. Which f the fllwing may Matt Walker agree with?
A. T much cffee is nt gd fr sleep.
B. Black tea speeds up recvery frm the daily stresses.
C. Cffee is surely mre ppular than tea.
D. Drinking a daily cup f cffee guarantees a lng life.
4. In which sectin can yu read the passage n a magazine website?
A. Technlgy. B. Entertainment. C. Business. D. Health.
答案
1. B 2. D 3. A 4. D
题组九
Passage 33(2023湖北黄冈、黄石、鄂州期末联考,A)主题：旅游冒险
Undersea Adventures
This unique activity is a must d and yu dn't even need t knw hw t swim. Walk n the seabed using underwater helmets r ride alng under the waves n scters(轻便小车). Children frm 1.2 metres tall can walk n the seabed using helmets and the minimum height fr the scters is 1.4 metres tall. It is a unique experience that the whle family can d tgether. Just bk with a depsit(订金) and pay the rest n the day f the activity.
What is included
Pick-up frm yur htel in the Ayia Napa/Prtaras areas;
All equipment;
Prfessinal instructin, safety briefing and dive guidance;
2.5 hurs' experience including 30 minutes' diving.
What is nt included
Phts f the dive (available t purchase if yu'd like); Snacks and refreshments.
Befre yu g
Yu may be required t cmplete a health questinnaire befre yu dive;
Minimum age/height requirements: Helmets—width f shulders 32cm and height 120cm, minimum age 6 years ld; Scters—height 140cm and minimum age 13;
Diving is in small grups f up t 6 peple with helmets and up t 4 peple n the scters;
N previus experience is necessary;
Available every mrning and afternn frm May t Octber, weather permitting. Please bk at least 48 hurs in advance.
Tickets
Scters cst 57 including a depsit f 12;
Helmets cst 47 including a depsit f 12(Fr adults);
Helmets cst 37 including a depsit f 7(Fr children);
N paper tickets are required fr this tur;
Emergency cntact number will be sent with yur cnfirmatin email.
1. What can be learned abut the activity?
A. It demands full payment in advance.
B. It aids turists t walk r ride underwater.
C. It ffers turists free phtgraphy services.
D. It requires turists t drive t the diving area.
2. What is required f turists?
A. T bk at least tw days ahead. B. T have rich experience f diving.
C. T take their wn diving equipment. D. T have a health check befre diving.
3. Hw much shuld a mther and her kid pay fr helmets?
A. 103. B. 118. C. 131. D. 84.
答案
1. B 2. A 3. D
Passage 34(2023山西太原、大同二模,B)主题：公益事业
A bright and impressive bus carrying fresh lcal prduce appeared in a cmmunity f Nrth Carlina in June 2022. It was the first Pay-What-Yu-Can Mbile Market. As the name implies, shppers culd pay any price ut f their wn will. Even the suggested price was abut 25% less than that ffered in grcery stres. This market gave shppers a dignified way t prvide fd fr their families regardless f their budget.
Seeing the jy in shppers' eyes, Will Krnegay, the funder f this nn-prfit prgram—Mbile Market, felt a sense f accmplishment. He had nce witnessed a wasteful and unfrtunate reality. At that time, cuntless punds f fd had t be thrwn away by farmers due t the interruptin in the supply chain. Meanwhile, millins f peple were struggling t affrd enugh fd t feed their families. Krnegay didn't want t stand by.
With much wrking experience in the fd industry and backgrund n hw the fd system was designed, Krnegay decided t use his cmpany's vast netwrk f farmer and fd industry relatinships t address the issue. His team used buses t bridge the farmers, the fd industry and cmmunities that needed fd mst. Thusands f punds f fd that was surced frm lcal partners was placed int hmes.
Krnegay still remembered hw the first Mbile Market came int being. His team made a detailed plan and chse the clrs and images they preferred. Then they purchased a “retired” schl bus and renvated it, giving it a new different lk and equipping it with refrigeratrs and freezers. Thus was brn the first Mbile Market.
T date, the prject has partnered with dzens f lcal farmers and fd prducers and has already served an estimated 10,000 families ver 150,000 punds f fd. In 2023, the team hpe t serve 80 sites acrss 20 cunties in Eastern Nrth Carlina. Their visin is t perfect the prject where they live, and scale it t every state natinwide.
1. What is the purpse f the Mbile Market?
A. T bst the incme f lcal residents.
B. T prmte sales in lcal grcery stres.
C. T raise mney fr the family n a tight budget.
D. T enable peple t buy fd at an affrdable price.
2. Hw did Krnegay make the prgram wrk?
A. He ensured the fd safety. B. He imprved the supply chain.
C. He increased the fd prductin. D. He built a netwrk between cmmunities.
3. What des the underlined wrd “renvated” mean in paragraph 4?
A. Transfrmed. B. Replaced. C. Phtgraphed. D. Exchanged.
4. What is the prspect f the Mbile Market accrding t the last paragraph?
A. It will be highly prfitable. B. It is expected t expand in scale.
C. It will becme a new ecnmic trend. D. It is estimated t prvide wrldwide service.
答案
1. D 2. B 3. A 4. B
Passage 35(2023江苏常州期末,B)主题：创新意识
A schlgirl has created a slar-pwered backpack that filters(过滤) ut air pllutin after being inspired by her asthmatic(患哮喘的) mther.
Eleanr Wds, 12, frm High Burtn, Huddersfield, a twn in West Yrkshire, entered the “Backpack t the Future” cmpetitin after her mther put the applicatin frm in her rm. She went n t win the award.
The “Backpack t the Future” cmpetitin was launched t change perceptin(认知), encurage mre diversity within engineering and shw children hw they culd cmbine an interest in fashin with a career in science, technlgy, engineering r maths.
Pwered by green energy frm slar pwer and a dynam—a machine that changes mechanical energy int electrical energy—the backpack filters plluted air befre fanning ut air nearby.
“I have an air filter at hme because my mum has mild asthma. My Breathe Better Backpack is all abut keeping my friends, family and classmates safe using an air filter. It lks cl and will help get kids utside and fight ff clds,” Eleanr said.
The pandemic spurred(刺激) Eleanr's awareness f hw pllutin affects a persn's health and the spread f diseases. Spending a lt f time with her asthmatic mum ver several lckdwns gave the 12-year-ld fd fr thught.
The schlgirl added: “My generatin is aware f pllutin, and we have lessns n it at schl alng with diseases spreading, and this is anther reasn I designed it—it is getting much wrse.”
The yung designer said she is becming increasingly aware f the pllutin that surrunds her, as she lives n a main rad. Eleanr said: “I walk t schl, next t the rad, and can smell the petrl when buses g by.”
Speaking after winning the cmpetitin, Eleanr said the impact f her backpack will be far-reaching. “If just a few peple start using it, it culd be really gd fr the planet,” she said.
1. What can we infer frm the first three paragraphs?
A. Eleanr's mther encuraged her t win the cmpetitin.
B. Eleanr Wds was cnfident that she wuld win an award.
C. Eleanr's backpack is bth fashinable and envirnmentally-friendly.
D. The cmpetitin was intended fr peple wrking in fashin design.
2. What is the main fcus f paragraph 4?
A. The prcess f the inventin. B. The wrking principle f the backpack.
C. The energy surce f the backpack. D. The cmpnents f the backpack.
3. What is the functin f the backpack?
A. It can make kids lk healthy. B. It can prduce green energy.
C. It can help defend against air pllutin. D. It can cure peple f asthma.
4. Which f the fllwing can best describe Eleanr Wds?
A. Cnsiderate. B. Prfessinal. C. Generus. D. Ordinary.
答案
1. C 2. B 3. C 4. A
Passage 36(2023广东深圳二模,C)主题：人与动物
In shallw castal waters f the Indian Ocean, dugngs, a kind f sea cw, are in truble. Envirnmental prblems pse such a majr threat t its survival that the Internatinal Unin fr Cnservatin f Nature (IUCN) upgraded the species' extinctin risk status(地位) t vulnerable.
Much wrse, dugngs are at risk f lsing the prtectin f the Trres Strait Islanders, wh have lked after them histrically, hunting them fr fd sustainably and mnitring their numbers. These natives keep their bidiversity, and have deep knwledge abut their envirnment. But these peple are als threatened, in part because rising sea levels are making it difficult fr them t live there.
This situatin isn't unique t dugngs. A glbal analysis f 385 culturally imprtant plant and animal species fund 68 percent were bth bilgically vulnerable and at risk f lsing their cultural prtectin. The findings clearly illustrate that bilgy shuldn't be the primary factr in shaping cnservatin plicy, says anthrplgist Victria Reyes-García. When a culture declines, the species that are imprtant t that culture are als threatened. “Lts f cnservatinists think we need t separate peple frm nature,” says Reyes-García. “But that strategy misses the caring relatinship many cultural grups have with nature.”
One way t help shift cnservatin effrts is t give species a “bi-cultural status”, which wuld prvide a fuller picture f their vulnerability. In the study, the team used a new way t determine a species' risk f disappearing: the mre a cultural grup's language use declines, the mre that culture is threatened. The mre a culture is threatened, the mre culturally vulnerable its imprtant species are. Researchers then cmbined a species' cultural and bilgical vulnerability t arrive at its bi-cultural status. In the dugng's case, its bi-cultural status is endangered, meaning it is mre at risk than its IUCN categrizatin suggests.
This new apprach t cnservatin invlves peple that have histrically cared fr them. It can highlight when cmmunities need supprt t cntinue their care. Scientists hpe it will bring mre effrts that recgnize lcal cmmunities' rights and encurage their participatin—taking advantage f humans' cnnectin with nature instead f creating mre separatin.
1. What is the relatinship between the natives and dugngs?
A. The natives help cnserve dugngs. B. The natives train dugngs t survive.
C. Dugngs ruin the native envirnment. D. Dugngs frce the natives t leave hme.
2. Which statement will Reyes-García prbably agree with?
A. The prtectin plicy is used incrrectly.
B. Culture is cnnected t species' existence.
C. Many grups take gd care f each ther.
D. Cnservatinists prefer nature ver peple.
3. Hw is the study methd different frm previus nes?
A. It invlves mre preservatin effrts.
B. It relies n IUCN's classificatin.
C. It highlights the effect f human languages.
D. It assesses the bilgical influence f a species.
4. What is the authr's attitude twards the latest apprach?
A. Cnservative. B. Favurable. C. Critical. D. Ambiguus.
答案
1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B
题组十
Passage 37(2023北京丰台二模,A)主题：终身学习
Becme a Cmpetent Medical Writer in 4 Weeks!
Hurry! This ffer ends sn! Claim yur spt TODAY!
Three years ag, I started a family and have experienced financial stress since then. I culd pay my bills alright, but that was all I culd d. I culdn't even affrd a family hliday.
Frtunately, I discvered medical writing. I learned that it was abut writing scientific dcuments. And I felt I had the necessary skills t start medical writing as a side hustle(副业). By the end f the year, I had my first cntract as a freelance medical writer. I felt really financially secure and career-wise.
Tday, we've bserved mre medical writers are wanted. S, in cllabratin with sme clleagues, we've prepared the mst imprtant lessns t help yu becme a cmpetent medical writer. (By Alex)
The Cmplete Medical Writing Training
This nline curse is perfect fr peple with a life science degree. Here's the full curse utline.
Week 1 The scientific writing prcess
Intrductin t medical writing: Learn abut medical writing and decide yur path
The writing prcess: Hw t write the scientific dcument in fur simple steps
Researching t write: Find reliable surces easily t infrm yur medical writing and identify brilliant ideas frm the literature
Week 2 Writing effectively
Outlining t write: The simplest strategy t structure any dcument perfectly fr easier writing
Referencing: Learn when t cite and hw t use cmmn referencing styles and autmate yur referencing using nline tls
Week 3 Other essentials
Scientific research: Update yurself n varius clinical research appraches, designs and methds fr better medical writing utput
Essential bistatistics: Hw t use cmmn statistical terms frm the medical literature crrectly in yur writing
Week 4 Writing assignments
There are 8 marked writing assignments with feedback t help yu imprve yur writing.
1. Why did Alex start medical writing?
A. T imprve medical skills. B. T have mre leisure time.
C. T get ut f financial truble. D. T prepare fr the writing training.
2. What will peple learn by attending the curses?
A. Ways f evaluating the assignments.
B. Steps f writing a scientific dcument.
C. Skills in using nline writing crrectin tls.
D. Strategies fr structuring medical knwledge.
3. What's the main purpse f the passage?
A. T attract peple t the training curse.
B. T share the cntent f the writing curse.
C. T intrduce the benefits f medical writing.
D. T emphasize the imprtance f medical writing.
答案
1. C 2. B 3. A
Passage 38(2023湖北十堰期末,D)主题：学校生活
Jewel White, a 15-year-ld student, gathers her bks and signs herself ut f a rutine mrning math class. She is nt leaving schl fr the day, but is ff t try sme mre challenging equatins. This practice is nt uncmmn at Westmunt Secndary Schl in Hamiltn, Ontari, Canada, where an uncnventinal learning apprach is prevailing.
Westmunt is ne f the eight regular schls in the cuntry where students wrk at their wn pace and set their wn directin, spending as much r as little time as they need n subjects. Teachers act as advisers. With the classrm teachers' permissin, students can sign ut f a class t wrk n ther materials r walk int anther class t catch up n anther subject. And every tw weeks they make plans fr their wn learning time, with supprt frm their adviser.
At a time when a shrinking student ppulatin is causing bards t clse schls. Westmunt sits at 30 percent vercapacity with 1,500 students. Its bursting number led educatin fficials t cnsider expanding the prgram t ther lcatins.
“If students are interested, we are ging t d ur best t prvide that srt f prgramming,” said Tdd White, chair f the Hamiltn-Wentwrth District Schl Bard.
When students like Jewel are nt in a classrm, they can usually be fund in the schl's learning cmmns, a study area fr all students. There are teachers available t help, but generally students are wrking n their wn assignments r prjects.
Jewel said Westmunt's self-paced style caught her attentin when she was lking at high schls. Westmunt is nt the schl clse t her hme. She said at elementary schl she wuld ften cause truble in class because she wuld cmplete her wrk early and nt have much else t d. “I find this kind f academic envirnment in Westmunt is a lt better fr me,” she said. “I like the thught f being able t wrk faster r slwer if needed.”
1. What des the wrd “prevailing” underlined in Paragraph 1 mean?
A. Catching n. B. Giving way. C. Slwing dwn. D. Causing truble.
2. Which f the fllwing wrds can best describe the schl's learning apprach?
A. Cmplex but familiar. B. Flexible and efficient.
C. Traditinal and cmmn. D. Difficult but interesting.
3. What is Tdd White's attitude t Westmunt's style f learning?
A. Tlerant. B. Dubtful. C. Psitive. D. Uncncerned.
4. What did Jewel think f her elementary schl?
A. It was a schl clsest t her hme.
B. It prvided t much hmewrk fr students.
C. Its learning atmsphere was nt very satisfying.
D. Its students did nt wrk as fast as Westmunt.
答案
1. A 2. B 3. C 4. C
Passage 39(2023山东济南、滨州一模,D)主题：人际沟通
In cnversatins with strangers, peple cmmnly tend t think they shuld speak less than half the cnversatin time t be likable. But we've discvered this idea is wrng. Our data shws that peple tend t think they shuld speak abut 45% f the time t be likable in a ne-n-ne cnversatin with smene new. Hwever, it appears speaking up a bit mre is actually a better strategy.
In ur research, we randmly assigned peple t speak fr 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% f the time in a cnversatin with smene new. We fund that the mre they spke, the mre they were liked by their new partners. This was nly ne study with 116 participants, but the utcme is supprted by ther researchers' findings. Fr example, a previus study randmly assigned ne in a pair t take n the rle f “speaker” and the ther t take n the rle f “listener.” After engaging in 12-minute interactins, listeners liked speakers mre than speakers liked listeners because listeners felt mre similar t speakers than speakers did t listeners. This utcme suggests the reasn why peple prefer thse wh speak up: Learning mre abut a new partner can make yu feel like yu have mre in cmmn with him r her.
Further, we assigned peple t speak fr up t 70% and even 90% f the time. The result shws it is nt an ideal strategy. Our research des nt suggest peple hld dwn a cnversatinal partner but rather that they feel cmfrtable speaking up mre than they usually might.
Research like urs can help peple gain a mre reasnable understanding f scial interactins with new peple and becme mre cnfident abut hw t make a gd first impressin. It has the bvius benefit f allwing us t carefully cntrl speaking time. Hwever, it des nt reflect mre natural cnversatins. Future research shuld figure ut whether ur findings can be generalized t mre natural interactins.
1. What is the cmmn belief cncerning cnversatins with strangers?
A. Speaking a little less is preferred. B. Speaking half the time is the best.
C. Listeners are mre likable than speakers. D. Listeners fail t cntrl the cnversatins.
2. Hw was the research carried ut?
A. By analyzing speaking habits. B. By making cmparisns.
C. By listing examples. D. By cllecting data.
3. What is the disadvantage f the research?
A. The cnversatin time is limited. B. Further study is hard t cntinue.
C. The findings are less widely applicable. D. Interactins with strangers are missing.
4. In which situatin can the research finding be applied?
A. Attending a family gathering. B. Partying with yur friends.
C. Meeting a new teacher. D. Making a public speech.
答案
1. A 2. B 3. C 4. C
Passage 40(2023江苏南通期末,D)主题：人与环境
The increased use f light-emitting dides (LED) and ther frms f lighting are nw brightening the night sky at a dramatic rate. Research has revealed that light pllutin is nw causing the night sky t brighten at a rate f arund 10% a year, an increase that threatens t ruin the sight f all but the mst brilliant stars in a generatin. A child brn where 250 stars are visible at night tday wuld nly be able t see abut 100 by the time they reach 18.
Physicist Christpher Kyba, f the GFZ German Research Centre fr Gesciences tld The Observer, “A cuple f generatins ag, peple wuld have regularly encuntered this glittering visin f the universe—but what was frmerly universal is nw extremely rare.” Nevertheless, the intrductin f nly a mdest number f changes t lighting culd make a cnsiderable imprvement, Kyba argued. These mves wuld include ensuring utdr lights are carefully capped, pint dwnwards, have limits placed n their brightness, and are nt predminantly blue-white but have red and range cmpnents.
The prblem is that light pllutin is still nt perceived by the public t be a threat. As Prfessr Oscar Crch, f Universidad Plitécnica de Madrid, has put it: “The negative cnsequences f light pllutin are as unknwn t the ppulatin as thse f smking in the 1980s.”
Yet actin is nw urgently needed. Apart frm its astrnmical impact, light pllutin is harming human health. “When reddish light shines n ur bdies, it stimulates mechanisms including thse that break dwn high levels f sugar in the bld. Since the intrductin f LEDs, that part f the spectrum(光谱) has been remved frm artificial light and it is playing a part in the waves f besity(肥胖) and rises in diabetes cases we see tday,” said Prf. Fsbury frm University Cllege Lndn (UCL).
UCL researchers are preparing t install additinal infrared(红外线的) lamps in hspitals t see if they have an effect n the recvery f patients wh wuld therwise be starved f light frm this part f the spectrum.
1. What des the authr want t shw by citing the child's example?
A. Mre bjects in the universe will disappear.
B. Light pllutin is blinding ur view f the stars.
C. Peple's perceptin f the universe is inadequate.
D. New frms f lighting have made stars unnecessary.
2. What des Kyba think f the mves t ease light pllutin?
A. They are practical. B. They are rarely successful.
C. They aren't wrth the effrt. D. It takes ages t see the result.
3. What is tp f the agenda f slving light pllutin?
A. Cntrlling ppulatin grwth. B. Changing peple's perceptin.
C. Explring the unknwn universe. D. Banning smking in public places.
4. What des the fllw-up study aim t find ut abut infrared lamps?
A. Whether they help patients recver. B. Whether they increase besity risk.
C. Whether they leave peple starving. D. Whether they raise bld sugar level.
答案
1. B 2. A 3. B 4. A
题组十一
Passage 41(2023湖南长沙长郡中学二模,A)主题：旅游
If yu are planning a trip, yu may be wndering what might be in yur line f travel when it cmes t unique buildings. There are sme unusual, unique buildings yu shuld put n yur travel bucket list.
Capital Gate—Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Capital Gate is ne f the tallest buildings in Abu Dhabi. Accrding t the Guinness Wrld Recrds, Capital Gate is the wrld's farthest man-made leaning building. The structure leans at an 18-degree angle, and intentinally s. This is a lean abut 5 times greater than the Leaning Twer f Pisa.
Svalbard Glbal Seed Vault—Lngyearbyen, Nrway
Nthing grand r stunning abut this structure, frm a visual perspective. But in sme way, the future f civilizatin may depend n the wrk dne at the Svalbard Glbal Seed Vault. The Svalbard Glbal Seed Vault is designed t stre millins f different types f seeds fr the replanting f varius crps in the event f any number f majr glbal disasters. The building cmes cmplete with blast-prf drs, airlcks, and mtin sensrs.
Palace f Parliament—Bucharest, Rmania
The Palace f Parliament is the largest administrative building fr civil use n the planet. Indeed, it is s big that it can be seen frm space. The structure was cmmissined by the last cmmunist dictatr t rule in Rmania. A fractin f the building is in use tday, mst f it sitting idle.
Ltus Temple—Delhi, India
If in India, a visitr interested in building and architecture shuld als check ut Ltus Temple in Delhi. Ltus Temple is indeed designed t mimic(模仿) the appearance f the flwer.
1. What can we learn abut Capital Gate?
A. It is the nly twer in Abu Dhabi.
B. It's the farthest leaning building built by man.
C. It is as famus as the Leaning Twer f Pisa.
D. It's the tallest building in United Arab Emirates.
2. What is unique abut Svalbard Glbal Seed Vault?
A. Its functin. B. Its height. C. Its size. D. Its appearance.
3. Where is this text mst likely taken frm?
A. A science jurnal. B. An architecture magazine.
C. A travel brchure. D. A bk abut buildings.
答案
1. B 2. A 3. C
Passage 42(2023湖南师大附中月考七,C)主题：健康生活
A lt f media attentin has fcused n the harmful effects f wrking lng hurs. Lgging excessive hurs at wrk is rted in the wrk culture f the West. Frm the Bay Area start-ups t varius multinatinals, their idea is centered arund hw many hurs yu can clck at wrk. It is assumed that the mre hurs yu put int yur jb, the mre career prspects yu'll get ut f it.
A new study in Eurpe challenged this assumptin, hwever. Frm their analysis f nearly 52,000 peple frm 36 Eurpean cuntries, they cncluded that it's nt the number f hurs yu clck at the ffice, but hw intensely yu wrk during thse hurs, that affects career-related utcmes. Researchers fund peple, with similar jbs and educatin levels, were mre likely t suffer prer well-being and inferir career prspects, including satisfactin, security and prmtin, when they wrked at an intense level fr lng perids.
Accrding t Hans Frankrt, a senir lecturer in strategy at Bayes Business Schl, the research suggests career benefits f excessive wrk effrt—lnger hurs r harder wrk—may never materialize.
Emplyers shuld reduce wrk intensity rather than try t cntrl excessive hurs, the authrs cncluded. “Cmpared with vertime, wrk intensity predicts much greater reductins in well-being and career benefits,” Hans Frankrt said.
There is als a range f things fr emplyees t d t ensure they're wrking smarter, and nt just harder. Beth Belle Cper, a frmer cntent creatr at Buffer, a scial media scheduling app, suggests taking mre breaks t refresh yur mind and reset yur attentin span. She als recmmends taking naps t cnslidate new infrmatin in the brain and help yu avid burnut. Yu might als cnsider cmpletely unplugging yurself frm wrk mre cnsistently, and fr lnger perids f time. This is what Sean McCabe and his small team d when they take a week-lng vacatin every seventh week.
1. What is cmmn in the wrk culture f Western cuntries?
A. Having bright career prspects. B. Spending lng hurs at wrk.
C. Starting up ne's wn business. D. Earning lng paid days ff wrk.
2. What can be the effect f wrking intensely accrding t the text?
A. It leads t mre career challenges.
B. It brings ut greater prmtin pprtunity.
C. It reduces ne's wrk passin and efficiency.
D. It wrsens ne's health cnditins and jb utlk.
3. What is advisable t wrk smarter accrding t Sean McCabe?
A. Requiring breaks ccasinally. B. Taking days ff wrk regularly.
C. Catching up n sleep prperly. D. Refreshing ne's brain cnstantly.
4. What des the text mainly intend t tell us?
A. Wrking intensively is necessary.
B. Wrking whle-heartedly is useless.
C. Wrking mre diligently des mre harm.
D. Wrking mre wisely brings mre benefits.
答案
1. B 2. D 3. B 4. D
Passage 43(2023江苏常州前黄高级中学二模,B)主题：动物保护
Taylr grew up n the cast f New Suth Wales, Australia and swimming in the cean was part f everyday life. She began spear fishing and wrked her way up in her early 20s t becme ne f very few wmen wh were prfessinal spear fishers and was named the Australian Ladies Natinal Champin.
Hwever, as she spent mre time underwater, especially with the sharks, she had a change f heart. “I learned straight away that sharks are nwhere near as dangerus as the media wuld have us believe.And I learned that they all have different persnalities—there's the shy guy, the crss guy, and the aggressive guy; they're all different.” Frm that pint n, she decided, alng with her late husband and wrld spear fishing champin, Rn Taylr, t hang up her spear and t nly sht them with her camera.
As a pineering shark cnservatinist, Taylr succeeded in many firsts thrughut her life's wrk. She was the first persn t dive with sharks cageless and the first persn t test the pwer f a shark bite; she even hand-fed a Great White and petted it. There's nthing she wuldn't d t help crrect the false image that sharks are dangerus, man-eating beasts. Her research has becme the basis fr much f what we knw abut sharks tday and she succeeded in becming the first persn t get Grey Nurse sharks prtected in a specific area, the first shark species in the wrld t receive prtected status.
When asked abut what culd be dne t help save the sharks, and the ceans, Taylr said she was quite pessimistic abut the whle thing. “Change has t cme frm the gvernment level.” But she als recmmended, “The thing that wrks the best is t get a gd stry and then get it n camera. Then g n televisin and speak t the public. Say it t the mthers, ‘Wuldn't yu like yur they're ld enugh, t be able t see this wnderful, friendly shark?’”
1. What srt f girl was Taylr in her early 20s?
A. Far-seeing. B. Demanding.
C. Accmplished. D. Envirnmentally-aware.
2. What might be Taylr's inspiratin t change her heart?
A. Her desire t be rich. B. Her understanding f sharks.
C. Her ambitin fr becming famus. D. Her marriage with Rn.
3. Why are Taylr's firsts mentined in Paragraph 3?
A. T prve her great influence n shark cnservatin.
B. T urge the prtectin f sea animals.
C. T present her achievements as a female fisher pineer.
D. T shw her effrts t crrect peple's false impressin f sharks.
4. What des Taylr think is a better way t prtect sharks?
A. Raising public awareness. B. Turning t experts fr advice.
C. Inventing stries abut sharks. D. Relying n the gvernment nly.
答案
1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A
Passage 44(2023浙江浙南名校联盟一模,D)主题：灾害防范
Arund the wrld, rivers seem t be raging. While catastrphic flding f Pakistan's rivers has left tens f millins withut hmes, a drught unseen fr 500 years has squeezed Eurpe's majr waterways almst dry. There is little disagreement abut what's ging n: climate change is causing bth rainfall and drughts t intensify. The questin nw is hw t manage thse climate-changed waterways and, specifically, what rle dams shuld play in mitigating(缓和) the kinds f disasters.
Advcates say water strage dams will becme mre essential as buffers(缓冲物) against extreme water flws by absrbing water during flding and releasing it in times f drught. Dams, they say, can help cmbat climate change by prducing renewable hydrpwer(水力发电) that is cleaner than fssil fuel energy.
Hwever, criticisms have lng centered n the negative impact mst dams have n bidiversity and river ecsystems. Nt nly d the vast amunts f cncrete used t build large dams leave huge carbn ftprints, there is als much evidence that greenhuse gas emissins frm dams are ften far greater than previusly thught. Increasingly a scientific case is als being made that dams actually wrsen bth flds and drughts.
Nw, mre dam develpers are turning t “run-f-the-river” technlgy, in which the river's water flws cntinuusly thrugh a hydrpwer statin withut a reservir t stre it. Such prjects are generally cnsidered mre envirnmentally friendly, but they d nt allw fr water t be managed accrding t weather cnditins.
Then there are thse wh say we shuld stay away frm dams, and lk fr ways using nature-based slutins. Many eclgists say that prtecting wetlands, fr example, shuld be a pririty, since thse ecsystems act as natural spnges(海绵) fr fldwaters within a river basin. “We have turned river basins int ecnmic machines that nly serve peple and nt nature, and this creates mre prblems, like drughts and flding,” says Herman Wanningen, the funder f the advcacy grup Dam Remval Eurpe. “We have t learn t cperate with nature and nt against it anymre.”
1. Why d critics ppse the cnstructin f dams?
A. It may prduce ppsite effect. B. It destrys lcal ecsystems.
C. It needs a large amunt f cncrete. D. It gives ff harmful gases.
2. What can we say abut the “turn-t-river” prjects?
A. Ecnmical. B. Inflexible. C. Fruitless. D. Ppular.
3. What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A. Dams have lng lst their functin as buffers.
B. Prtecting wetlands is a nce-and-fr-all slutin.
C. Flding and drughts can help prmte ecnmy.
D. The starting pint f ur slutin shuld serve nature.
4. What's the best title fr the text?
A. Building Mre Dams: A Way Out? B. Disaster Relief: Wrking with Nature.
C. Dams' Traditinal Rle: Prs and Cns. D. Wrsening Climate Change: Take Actin!
答案
1. A 2. B 3. D 4. A
题组十二
Passage 45(2023广东深圳二模,A)主题：自然风光
Yur Garden Escape
Even in the big city yu can find ases(绿洲) f calm and beauty. Frm a ryal palace t a classical garden, we recmmend great green spaces t escape the hustle and bustle f Lndn.
Hrniman Gardens
The Hrniman Gardens cver 16 acres with breathtaking views f Lndn. Visitrs can enjy the Sund Garden, the Meadw Field, and even the Prehistric Garden, which features a display f “living fssils.” The gardens are very ppular with families, and dgs can be let ff their leads in the Meadw Field.
Chiswick Huse and Gardens
As a classical garden landscape in Lndn, it was here that the English Landscape Mvement was brn with William Kent's designs. Enjy fresh bread, seasnal fd, and natural wines in the award-winning cafe, while admiring the beauty f the naturalistic landscape, sptted with impressive art and statues.
Buckingham Palace Gardens
The 39-acre garden basts arund 325 types f plants, arund 1000 trees and a lake. The garden als prvides a habitat fr native birds rarely seen in Lndn. A tur f the garden can be cmpleted by having a cream tea in the cafe verlking the Palace's famus grassland and lake.
Kew Gardens
The Ryal Btanic Gardens, Kew is ne f the wrld's mst famus gardens and a UNESCO Wrld Heritage Site. Have a walk thrugh the vast garden, spt lcal wildlife at the lake, r get yur hands dirty by trying a gardening lessn. Be sure t visit the Temperate Huse, which cntains sme f the rarest and mst threatened plants.
1. What can visitrs d in bth the Hrniman Gardens and Chiswick Huse and Gardens?
A. Study living fssils. B. Taste delicius fd.
C. Enjy impressive art. D. Appreciate fine views.
2. Where shuld visitrs g if they want t jin in hands-n activities?
A. Hrniman Gardens. B. Chiswick Huse and Gardens.
C. Buckingham Palace Gardens. D. Kew Gardens.
3. What is the purpse f the text?
A. T infrm visitrs f famus gardens. B. T entertain interested garden visitrs.
C. T stress the necessity f garden escape. D. T shw the benefits f turing gardens.
答案
1. D 2. D 3. A
Passage 46(2023山东济南二模,B)主题：公益事业
As the wrld has changed, s has educatin. Since 2018, Nelly Chebi and her nnprfit TechLit Africa have been bringing cmputer technlgy int schls in Kenya, helping students jin the digital wrld, and unlck their ptential. With its wn sftware prgrams, curriculums(课程) and teacher training prgrams, this nnprfit hpes t change Africa.
In 2012, Chebi received a schlarship t cllege in Illinis that changed her life. She grew up in pverty in rural Kenya, watching her mther struggle t supprt her family alne. Chebi had n experience with cmputers befre mving t the US t study. She handwrte papers and then struggled t type them ut n a laptp cmputer. Smehw she fell in lve with cmputer science and began a career in the field. But she did nt lse sight f her rigins. “As an undergraduate, I invested all f my incme frm varius campus jbs in my cmmunity back in Kenya,” she said n the TechLit Africa website. But sn she wanted t d mre fr it and that is hw TechLit Africa began.
Chebi recalled hw her backgrund helped her understand hw imprtant technlgical knwledge culd be fr children living in pverty. She built a schl with the idea f bringing cmputer science as part f kids' curriculums grwing up. But she fund that it was ging t be really hard t impact as many peple as pssible, because it was s hard t raise funds. Then in rder t reach mre students, she intrduced cmputer training t existing schls. Chebi physically dragged ver 40 recycled cmputers that had been dnated t them by varius tech cmpanies t Kenya in suitcases.
Nw, since the nnprfit has grwn, it wrks with varius cmpanies that help them clean the dnated cmputers' data and send them t Africa. TechLit Africa runs its wn curriculums with its wn sftware prgrams in 10 Kenyan schls, and the hpe is t increase t 100 thrughut Africa by next year. The students lve learning abut cmputers, and in turn are gaining skills that will help them make use f their talents int a way ut f pverty.
1. What has Chebi been ding since 2018?
A. Bsting her science career. B. Prmting digital educatin.
C. Starting a schlarship prgram. D. Updating the cmputer curses.
2. What inspired Chebi t set up TechLit Africa?
A. Her lve fr cmputer science. B. Her desire t help her hmetwn.
C. Her dream f supprting her family. D. Her childhd experience in the US.
3. What d we knw abut Chebi frm Paragraph 3?
A. She hpes t help mre kids. B. She plans t build new schls.
C. She seeks t develp new curses. D. She calls fr dnatins f cmputers.
4. Which f the fllwing can best describe Chebi?
A. Sensitive. B. Devted. C. Cnsiderate. D. Cperative.
答案
1. B 2. B 3. A 4. B
Passage 47(2023江苏常州期末,C)主题：认识自我
It's a tiny wrm that scientists have been using fr years t study aging, and they just made a new discvery. Researchers fund that variatins in a specific gene affected the lifespan f the wrm, suggesting that the same genes culd have similar effects n humans. The study is part f an nging effrt t find genes that affect the lifespan and are a ptential target fr anti-aging drugs.
The wrm, called C. elegans, is a ppular mdel rganism fr studying aging because it's easy t see hw lng they live. Unlike humans, the wrm's lifespan is measured in days, nt years, which makes it easier t study the aging prcess. Previus studies have already shwn that changes in diet, exercise, and drugs can affect the wrm's lifespan, but this is the first time a specific gene has been identified that affects the lifespan.
The specific gene, called DAF-16, is knwn t be invlved in a variety f bilgical prcesses, including stress respnse and metablism(新陈代谢). When researchers changed the gene, they fund that it increased the lifespan f the wrm by up t 60%. The discvery culd have implicatins fr human aging, as the same gene exists in humans.
Researchers cautin that there's still a lng way t g befre this discvery can be translated int anti-aging drugs. Fr ne, the wrm's lifespan is s shrt that it's difficult t knw hw the gene wuld affect humans ver a lnger perid f time. Additinally, the study nly lked at ne gene while there are likely many ther genes that affect the lifespan. Still, the discvery is an imprtant step in understanding the aging prcess and develping ptential anti-aging treatments.
Overall, the study highlights the ptential f mdel rganisms, like the lwly nematde(线虫), in advancing ur understanding f aging and develping new treatments. As the glbal ppulatin cntinues t age, research int the aging prcess will becme increasingly imprtant.
1. What actually is the key factr affecting the lifespan that has been newly discvered?
A. C. elegans. B. Changes in diet. C. DAF-16. D. Stress respnse.
2. Why is it difficult t translate the discvery int anti-aging drugs?
A. Humans' lifespan is t changeable t predict.
B. There is a huge gap between humans' and wrms' lifestyle.
C. The genes in humans are different frm thse in the wrm.
D. Other genes affecting the lifespan need t be taken int cnsideratin.
3. What is the researchers' verall attitude twards the discvery?
A. Uninterested. B. Dubtful. C. Psitive. D. Wrried.
4. What is the main idea f the article?
A. Great prgress in the study f the lifespan.
B. The discvery f a wrm affecting the lifespan.
C. The significance f rganisms in studying aging.
D. The imprtance f research int the aging prcess.
答案
1. C 2. D 3. C 4. A
Passage 48(2023山西太原、大同二模,D)主题：自然科学研究成果
The Clsseum, built arund tw thusand years ag, survived a 5th century earthquake and mst f the 160-sme ft high building is still standing. It has seen the rise and fall f enrmus structures as well as the Rman Empire. Why culd the ancient structure stand the test f time while many mdern cnstructins fall apart after a few decades? Scientists believe the ancient Rmans used a specific cncrete which may accunt fr its superlng existence.
Previus discveries have cnfirmed the cmpnents f the Rman cncrete: vlcanic material, limestne(石灰岩) and water. Architects suppse the vlcanic material is what makes the building strng—which it des. But this is nt enugh t explain the architecture's durability. A team f researchers recently discvered a magical pwer f the Rman cncrete: self-healing. And the key actually lies in the tiny pieces f limestne. Wrth mentining is that researchers had taken them as impurities(杂质) due t the limitatin f ancient technlgy. But it turned ut that ancient Rmans seemed t have discvered the secret.
When the Rmans made the mixture, they heated up the limestne t turn it int quicklime, a very reactive chemical. Quicklime reacted with water and prduced heat that set up a chemical fundatin t strengthen the building material. Meanwhile, it wuld “wear” a hard “shell”, frming limestne pieces. It was these pieces that stpped the cracks(裂缝) frm becming bigger. When there was rain, the pieces reacted with water again, quickly filling the cracks.
Fr material scientist Ainissa Ramirez, this new understanding f ancient Rman cncrete is a welcme discvery. “This is ne way that the material can be greener,” says Ramirez, “The Rmans made the material. We had t kind f figure ut hw they did it s that we can make better materials—and then, yu knw, in turn, be better guards f ur envirnment.”
1. Why culd the Clsseum still exist accrding t the text?
A. It was rebuilt cnstantly. B. It met few natural disasters.
C. It cntained a special material. D. Its shape increased the stability.
2. What is the functin f the limestne pieces?
A. T purify the cncrete. B. T react with vlcanic material.
C. T make the structure waterprf. D. T enable the building t repair itself.
3. What des the underlined wrd “it” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. The rainwater. B. The fundatin. C. The quicklime. D. The limestne.
4. What can be inferred frm Ainissa Ramirez's wrds?
A. Architects can get inspiratin frm ancient structures.
B. The Rmans' building methd remains a secret till nw.
C. The Rmans' wisdm thrws light n ec-friendly architecture.
D. Scientists are explring hw t guard the ancient civilizatin.
答案
1. C 2. D 3. C 4. C
Hand Brake, Three Gears
Ft Brake, N Gears
1 hur
7.50
5.00
3 hurs
11.00
7.50
1 day(24 hurs)
14.75
9.75
Each additinal day
8.00
6.00
Jacqueline Felice de Almania(c. 1322) highlights the suspicin that wmen practicing medicine faced. Brn t a Jewish family in Flrence, she mved t Paris where she wrked as a physician and perfrmed surgery. In 1322 she was tried fr practicing unlawfully. In spite f the curt hearing testimnials(证明) f her ability as a dctr, she was banned frm medicine.
James Barry(c. 1789-1865) was brn Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University t study medicine. She qualified as a surgen in 1813, then jined the British Army, serving verseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical prfessin living and wrking as a man.
Tan Yunxian(1461-1554) was a Chinese physician wh learned her skills frm her grandparents. Chinese wmen at the time culd nt serve apprenticeships(学徒期) with dctrs. Hwever, Tan passed the fficial exam. Tan treated wmen frm all walks f life. In 1511, Tan wrte a bk, Sayings f a Female Dctr, describing her life as a physician.
Rebecca Lee Crumpler(1831-1895) wrked as a nurse fr eight years befre studying in medical cllege in Bstn in 1860. Fur years later, she was the first African American wman t receive a medical degree. She mved t Virginia in 1865, where she prvided medical care t freed slaves.
An Intrductin t Raeburn
Sunday 26 Oct., 15.00
DUNCAN THOMSON
Raeburn's English Cntempraries
Thursday 30 Oct., 13.10
JUDY EGERTON
Characters and Characterisatin in Raeburn's Prtraits
Thursday 6 Nv., 13.10
NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON
Raeburn and Artist's Training in the 18th Century
Thursday 13 Nv., 13.10
MARTIN POSTLE
Mike Shepherd
(2011)
Skiddaw in Winter
Cumbria, England
It was an extremely cld winter's evening and freezing fg hung in the air. I climbed t the tp f a small rise and realised that the mist was little mre than a few feet deep, and thugh it was nly a shrt climb, I fund myself cmpletely abve it and lking at a wnderfully clear view f Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west. I used classical techniques, translated frm my cllege days spent in the darkrm int Phtshp, t achieve the black-and-white image(图像).
Timthy Smith
(2014)
Macclesfield
Frest
Cheshire, England
I was back in my hme twn f Macclesfield t take sme winter images. Walking up a path thrugh the frest twards Shutlingsle, a lcal high pint, I came acrss a small clearing and immediately nticed the dead yellw grasses set against the fresh snw. The small pine added t the interest and I placed it centrally t take the view frm the fregrund right thrugh int the frest.
Depart
Origin
Destinatin
Arrive
6:42 pm
Altandi
Varsity Lakes
7:37 pm
7:29 pm
Central
Varsity Lakes
8:52 pm
8:57 pm
Frtitude Valley
Varsity Lakes
9:52 pm
11:02 pm
Rma Street
Varsity Lakes
12:22 am
Year
Term
Frm
T
2023-2024
Michaelmas 2023
Sunday 8 Octber
Saturday 2 December
Hilary 2024
Sunday 14 January
Saturday 9 March
Trinity 2024
Sunday 21 April
Saturday 15 June