2022-2023学年上海市复旦大学附属中学高二上学期期末考试英语试卷 （解析版）

这是一份2022-2023学年上海市复旦大学附属中学高二上学期期末考试英语试卷 （解析版），共29页。

上海市复旦附中高二上学期期末考试
英语试卷
I. Listening comprehension
略
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. Dialects in China have hit a bump in the road because mandarin is encouraged in daily life. In particular, ________ number of people speaking ________ Shanghai dialect is decreasing.
A. a ... / B. the ... the C. the ... / D. a ... the
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查冠词。句意：由于日常生活中鼓励普通话，中国的方言出现了问题。特别是，说上海方言的人数正在减少。根据句意可知，第一空表示的是说上海方言的人的数量，the number of意为“……的数量”符合句意，所以第一空使用the；第二空dialect为可数名词，其前有Shanghai修饰限制，所以此处为特指“上海方言”，使用定冠词。故选B项。
2. In the last monthly test there was so difficult a problem ________ could work out, which made the test designer puzzled.
A. as none of us B. that nobody C. which neither D. as anybody
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句和不定代词。句意：在上次的月考中，有一道题太难了，我们谁也解不出来，这使命题人很困惑。分析句子，设空处引导的是定语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，指代先行词a problem，同时句中so...as...为固定短语，故定语从句的引导词用as；同时根据后文的which made the test designer puzzled，可知此处表示“没有人解出该题目，这使命题人很困惑”，表示“没有人”即对三者三者以上的否定用none of us或nobody，neither表示“两者都不”，不符合题意。故选A。
3. Zhong Yang, a professor of biology at Fudan University ________ to ________ a collection of seeds for China’s national seed bank was awarded “Model of the Times” by the government.
A. devoted ... build B. devoted ... building
C. devoting ... build D. was devoted ... building
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和动名词。句意：复旦大学生物学教授钟阳致力于为中国国家种子银行建立种子库，他被政府授予“时代模范”称号。短语：be devoted to doing sth.“致力于某事”，to为介词，其后跟动名词作宾语，可知选项A、C错误；分析句子可知，第一空在句中非谓语，动词devote与主语Zhong Yang为动宾关系，所以第一空用过去分词，故选B。
4. We all heard ________ last week ________ the film The Myth of Love would hit the screen in the following month.
A. it ... how B. it ... that C. that ... / D. that ... that
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查代词和宾语从句。句意：上周我们都听说电影《爱的神话》将在下个月上映。分析句子，第一空中缺少宾语，故使用代词it作宾语，其为形式宾语，真正的宾语为第二空引导的宾语从句，引导词在从句中不做成分，无意义，只起到连接作用，故用that。故选B。
5. Most children will “obey” spoken instructions before they can speak in language learning, ________ the word “obey” is hardly accurate as a description of the delighted cooperation.
A. as B. because C. though D. when
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查连词。句意：在学习语言之前，大多数孩子会“服从”口头指示，尽管“服从”一词很难准确地描述愉快的合作。A. as随着；B. because因为；C. though尽管；D. when当……时候。分析句子，前后两句构成让步关系，引导状语从句，表示“尽管”用though。故选C。
6. It can be understandable that some car owners would rather take the subway as metros have ________ of the trouble of traffic jam.
A. nothing B. some C. neither D. none
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：有些车主宁愿乘坐地铁，因为地铁没有交通堵塞的麻烦，这是可以理解的。A. nothing没有什么东西； B. some一些； C. neither两者都不； D. none（三者及三者以上）没有人或物。由句中一些车主选择乘坐地铁，可知这种交通方式不会像其它交通一样的麻烦，所以指三者及三者以上，故选D。
7. It was Oct 16th, 2021, ________ the Shenzhou XIII was successfully launched, with Wang Yaping, the first Chinese female astronaut ________ out a space walk.
A. that ... to carry B. that ... carrying
C. when ... to carry D. which ... carrying
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句和非谓语动词；句意：2021年10月16日，神舟十三号成功发射升空，王亚平是第一位进行太空行走的中国女宇航员王亚平。分析句子结构可知，第一空为连词引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，先行词表示时间，所以用关系副词when引导非限制性定语从句；根据句意，第二空为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词astronaut，当名词前有序数词修饰时，其后使用非不定式作定语，所以使用to carry。故选C项。
8. Hawking was also recognised ________ his successful research on black holes and he was able to prove ________ small amounts of radiation could escape black hole gravitational pull.
A. as ... how B. as ... why C. for ... what D. for ... that
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和宾语从句。句意：霍金还因其对黑洞的成功研究而获得认可，他能够证明少量辐射可以逃脱黑洞的引力。分析句子，句中be recognised as为固定短语，意为“被视为”；be recognised for意为“因……而被认可”，第一空中表示“霍金还因其对黑洞的成功研究而获得认可”应该用be recognised for；同时，第二空引导的是宾语从句，引导词在从句中不做成分只起到引导作用且无意义，应该用that。故选D。
9. Our success belongs ________ to your help ________ to our cooperation, which benefited both of us a lot.
A. much ... than B. not so much ... as
C. so much ... as D. so much ... than
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我们的成功与其说是由于你的帮助，不如说是由于我们的合作，这使我们双方都受益匪浅。分析句子，句中not so much ... as为固定短语，意为“与其说……，不如说……”符合句意。故选B。
10. It was ________ he was sent into the emergency room of the hospital ________ he was unaware of the importance of observing the traffic regulations.
A. not until ... that B. not until ... where
C. until ... that D. until ... where
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句和固定句型。句意：直到他被送进医院急救室，他才意识到遵守交通规则的重要性。分析句子，表示“直到……才”用not...until；句中的unaware of意为“未意识到”表示否定，故此处用until；同时第二空与句首it was构成强调句结构即it was+强调部分+that+句子，意为“就是……”，符合句意，故选C。
11. We, human beings, really appreciated Rosalind Frankin’s great discovery ________ all the discoveries it was the most important scientific advance in history in terms of the structure of DNA.
A. because B. because of C. as D. for which
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查连词和介词短语。句意：我们人类非常欣赏罗莎琳德·弗兰克的伟大发现，因为在所有的发现中，就DNA结构而言，这是历史上最重要的科学进步。分析句子，前后句子构成因果关系，故使用连词because；同时句中of all the discoveries意为“在所有的发现之中”。故选B。
12. According to a report released by the US National Research Council, the amount of space junk flowing in Earth’s orbit has reached a critical level ________ future space missions may become too dangerous to fly.
A. that B. where C. of which D. which
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：根据美国国家研究委员会发布的一份报告，在地球轨道上流动的太空垃圾的数量已经达到了一个临界水平，未来的太空任务可能会变得过于危险而无法飞行。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导的定语从句修饰先行词level，从句中不缺主语和宾语，先行词表示地点的抽象名词，故使用关系副词where。故选B项。
13. Language helps people in this African tribe understand their cultural roots, history and customs, which gives them a strong sense of ________.
A. responsibility B. direction C. security D. identity
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：语言帮助这个非洲部落的人们了解他们的文化根源、历史和习俗，这给了他们强烈的认同感。A. responsibility责任；B. direction方向；C. security安全；D. identity身份，特有的感觉。根据空前understand their cultural roots, history and customs及常识可知，这些能够给他们强烈的认同感。固定搭配a strong sense of identity意为“强烈的认同感”。故选D。
14. It’s acknowledged that how speakers of different languages think differently, and we all believe there is such a beautiful variety of language which reveals how ________ the human mind is.
A. brilliant and flexible B. efficient and imaginable
C. significant and knowledgeable D. resonant and unbelievable
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：众所周知，说不同语言的人的思维方式是不同的，我们都相信有如此丰富多彩的语言揭示了人类思维的聪明和灵活。A. brilliant and flexible聪明和灵活；B. efficient and imaginable高效且可想象；C. significant and knowledgeable有意义和知识渊博；D. resonant and unbelievable洪亮的和难以置信的。分析句子，此处表示“人类思维的聪明和灵活”用brilliant 和flexible。故选A。
15. In an effort to ________ more scientists from underrepresented backgrounds, this science academy would like to conduct a survey and invite the public to select an outstanding scientist each month.
A. filter B. highlight C. oversee D. impact
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了突出更多来自弱势背景的科学家，该科学院希望进行一项调查，并邀请公众每月选出一位杰出的科学家。A. filter过滤；B. highlight突出，强调；C. oversee监督；D. impact有影响。根据句意，此处表示的是为了“突出”更多来自弱势背景的科学家，highlight意为“突出，强调”符合句意。故选B项。
16. Whether you major or minor in English, a widely used foreign language, you will be well ________ for professional success in many fields.
A. ranked B. targeted C. positioned D. outperformed
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论你主修还是辅修英语，这是一门广泛使用的外语，你都将在许多领域取得职业成功。A. ranked分……等级；B. targeted把……作为目标；C. positioned使处于……位置；D. outperformed做得比……好 。根据句意，此处表示“处于”用position，同时句子表示的是被动关系，故用positioned。故选C。
17. Carrying out disease prevention and control in such a large country is ________ a miracle because none of us could have imagined the rapid recovery of all walks of life.
A. nothing short of B. on top of C. at a height of D. in the way of
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查短语词义辨析。句意：在这样一个庞大的国家进行疾病预防和控制简直是一个奇迹，因为我们没有人能想象各行各业会迅速恢复。A. nothing short of简直，可以说是；B. on top of在……上边；C. at a height of在……高度；D. in the way of妨碍，关于……方面。根据句意可知，此处表示的是在这么一个庞大的国家进行疾病预防“简直”是个奇迹，nothing short of意为“简直”，通常置于作表语的名词或形容词之前。故选A项。
18. Recent studies have found Spanish workers put in more work hours than many of their European counterparts, with no ________ increase in productivity.
A. countless B. corresponding C. promising D. accidental
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最近的研究发现，西班牙工人的工作时间比许多欧洲同行都要长，但生产率却没有相应的提高。A. countless无数的；B. corresponding相应的；C. promising有前途的；D. accidental意外的。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语，根据句意，表示“相应的”用corresponding。故选B。
19. Because of COVID-19, many people ________ themselves into high-rise apartments except that they go to work.
A. nestle B. drag C. plunge D. interconnect
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于新冠肺炎，许多人除了去上班，只能躲在高层公寓里。A. nestle安置；B. drag拖，拉，拽；C. plunge用力插入，使陷入；D. interconnect互相联系。根据句意可知，此处指的是很多人躲在高层公寓里，nestle意为“安置”，nestle oneself into意为“把自己安置在”，符合句意。故选A项。
20. Do you know the traditional English meal, lunch generally being lighter, is based on ________, simply cooked food?
A. reliable B. plain C. identical D. considerable
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你知道传统的英国餐，午餐一般比较清淡，以简单的食物为基础吗？A. reliable可信赖的；B. plain普通的，简单的；C. identical相同的；D. considerable相当大的。根据句意可知，此处指的是传统的英国餐是基于简单的食物，plain意为“普通的，简单的”符合句意。故选B项。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. capture B. guaranteed C. resume D. engage E. multiple
F. tracks G. issues H. personalized I. incredible J. integrated K. feeds
What Is TikTok(抖音)
TikTok is the destination for mobile videos. On TikTok, short-form videos are exciting, spontaneous, and genuine. Whether you’re a sports fan, a pet enthusiast, or just looking for a laugh, there’s something for everyone on TikTok. All you have to do is watch, ___21___ with what you like, skip what you don’t, and you’ll find an endless stream of short videos that feel ___22___ just for you. From your morning coffee to your afternoon errands(差事), TikTok has the videos that are ___23___ to make your day. We make it easy for you to discover and create your own original videos by providing easy-to-use tools to view and ___24___ your daily moments. Take your videos to the next level with special effects, filters, music, and more. Watch endless amount of videos customized specifically for you. Personalized video ___25___ might be based on what you watch, like, and share. TikTok offers you real, interesting, and fun videos that will make your day.
Explore videos, just one roll away. Watch all types of videos from Comedy, Gaming, DIY, Food, Sports, and Pets to Oddly Satisfying, and everything in between. Pause recording ___26___ times in one video. Pause and ___27___ your video with just a tap. Shoot as many times as you need. Be entertained and inspired by a global community of creators. Millions of creators are on TikTok showcasing their ___28___ skills and everyday life. Let yourself be inspired. Add your favorite music or sound to your videos for free. Easily edit your videos with millions of free music clips and sounds. We provide music and sound playlists for your with the hottest ___29___ in every type , including Hip Hop, Rock, Rap, and Country, and the most viral original sounds. Express yourself with creative effects. Unlock tons of filters and effects to take your videos to the next level. Edit your own videos. Our ____30____ editing tools allow you to easily cut, merge and copy video clips without leaving the app.
【答案】21. D 22. H
23. B 24. A
25. K 26. E
27. C 28. I
29. F 30. J
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是TikTok（抖音）的相关信息。
【21题详解】
考查动词。句意：你所要做的就是观看，参与你喜欢的东西，跳过你不喜欢的东西，你会发现无数适合你的个性化短片。分析句子可知，此处与空前的watch以及空后的skip为并列关系，结合句意可知，engage意为“从事，参与”符合句意。故选D项。
【22题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：你所要做的就是观看，参与你喜欢的东西，跳过你不喜欢的东西，你会发现无数适合你的个性化短片。分析句子可知，此处应为表语，结合句意，personalize意为“使某物针对个人”，因在系动词feel之后，所以应转化为形容词化的动词形式，personalize与主语之间为被动关系，所以应使用过去分词personalized意为“个性化的”。故选H项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词。句意：从你早上的咖啡到下午的跑腿，抖音有视频保证让你拥有美好的一天。分析句子可知，此处为形容词作表语，结合句意，guaranteed意为“肯定的，有保障的”符合句意。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查动词。句意：我们通过提供易于使用的工具来查看和拍摄您的日常时刻，使您可以轻松地发现和创建您自己的原始视频。分析句子可知，此处应填动词与空前的view并列，结合句意，与view并列的动词为capture，意为“拍摄，捕捉”符合句意。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查名词。句意：个性化的视频供给的节目可能是基于你观看、喜欢和分享的内容。分析句子可知，空后为谓语动词，所以此处应填名词作主语，结合句意和选项，feeds意为“（电视中心台）供给的节目”符合语境。故选K项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在一个视频中暂停多次录制。结合语境以及下文中“Shoot as many times as you need.”可知，此处指的是录制抖音短视频时可以多次暂停录制，所以multiple意为“多样的，多次的”符合语境。故选E项。
【27题详解】
考查动词。句意：暂停并恢复你的视频，只需点击一下。分析句子可知，此处应为动词与空前的pause并列，结合句意可知，此处应该指的是“恢复”，resume符合句意。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查形容词。句意：数以百万计的创作者在抖音上展示了他们令人难以置信的技能和日常生活。分析句子可知，此处为形容词作定语修饰skills and everyday life，结合句意及语境可知，此处指的是拍摄抖音短视频“不可思议的”技能以及展示的“不可思议的”日常生活。故选I项。
【29题详解】
考查名词。句意：我们为您提供音乐和声音播放列表，在各种类型的最热门的歌曲，包括嘻哈，摇滚，说唱，和乡村音乐，和最具病毒性的原创声音。分析句子可知，此处应为名词作宾语，根据下文中的“including Hip Hop, Rock, Rap, and Country, and the most viral original sounds”可知，此处指的是最热门的“音轨，声道”，也就是热门歌曲。故选F项。
【30题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我们的综合编辑工具允许您轻松地切割，合并和复制视频剪辑，而不离开应用程序。分析句子可知，此处应该是形容词作定语，根据下文中的“allow you to easily cut, merge and copy video clips without leaving the app.”可知，此处指的是“综合性的”编辑工具。故选J项。
III. Reading Comprehensions
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Mind Games Can Make You Smarter
Scientists in the U. S. have developed a new training program for the brain that they say can make you smarter. Called “Gist(主旨)Reasoning Training,” the program developed out of the University of Texas at Dallas goes beyond standard memory recall and information ___31___ tests and improves cognitive performance by ___32___ the brain in areas like strategic attention, integrated reasoning and innovation, they claim.
To start, participants - who ranged from teenagers and healthy adults to brain injury victims and seniors at risk for Alzheimer’s disease - were ___33___ with filtering competing information and focusing on only important, essential components. They were also instructed to ___34___ the information, finding common ___35___ or developing generalized statements from what they were reading. Each strategy was designed to build on the previous exercise. Participants were encouraged to apply the same mental strategies outside the training sessions.
After about a dozen 45- to 60- minute sessions, conducted over two months, cognitive ___36___ were recorded in areas like abstraction, reasoning and innovation, scientists said, and by extension, also improved memory, planning and problem solving. “What’s exciting about this work is that in randomized trials ___37___ gist reasoning training to memory training, we found that it was not learning new information that engaged widespread brain networks and ___38___ cognitive performance, but rather actually ___39___ processing of information and using that information in new ways that augmented brain performance,” said the study co-author Sandra Bond Chapman in a statement.
____40____ helping seniors improve their cognitive function in old age, a strategic and more analytical approach to brain boosting exercises could also be used by young people to develop an early ____41____, and help middle-aged adults sharpen their skills and remain“ ____42____ healthy,” scientists say.
The study was published in the journal Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience. Research out of the University of Los Angeles California published last year also found that older adults who ____43____ used a brain-fitness program called Dakim Brain Fitness improved their memory and language skills. Another ____44____ way to keep mentally fit? Hit the pavement and go for a run or brisk walk, as it’s been well ____45____ that physical activity is an effective brain booster.
31. A. preserving B. progressing C. processing D. protecting
32. A. challenging B. exchanging C. transplanting D. transforming
33. A. provided B. tasked C. connected D. mixed
34. A. offer B. search C. investigate D. interpret
35. A. themes B. senses C. knowledge D. claims
36. A. performances B. gains C. benefits D. procedures
37. A. referring B. applying C. comparing D. turning
38. A. reduced B. elevated C. advanced D. faded
39. A. clearer B. vaguer C. wider D. deeper
40. A. Instead of B. But for C. In addition to D. In terms of
41. A. advantage B. disadvantage C. innocence D. conscience
42. A. physically B. physiologically C. psychologically D. mentally
43. A. regularly B. irregularly C. reluctantly D. illegally
44. A. imaginary B. proven C. stimulating D. complicated
45. A. authorized B. accomplished C. established D. organized
【答案】31. C 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. A 36. B 37. C 38. B 39. D 40. C 41. A 42. D 43. A 44. B 45. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是新开发的一种大脑训练项目，主要是通过训练，提高大脑的战略注意力、综合推理判断力和创新方面的认知表现力。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们声称，这个名为“主旨推理训练”的项目由德克萨斯大学达拉斯分校开发，超越了标准的记忆回忆和信息处理测试，通过在战略注意力、综合推理和创新等领域挑战大脑，提高了认知表现。A. preserving保护；B. progressing进步；C. processing加工；D. protecting保护。根据上文中的“...standard memory recall...”可知，此处值得是“信息处理”，process意为“加工，处理”符合语境。故选C项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们声称，这个名为“主旨推理训练”的项目由德克萨斯大学达拉斯分校开发，超越了标准的记忆回忆和信息处理测试，通过在战略注意力、综合推理和创新等领域挑战大脑，提高了认知表现。A. challenging挑战；B. exchanging交换；C. transplanting移植；D. transforming转换。根据上文中的“...and improves cognitive performance...”可知，此处为通过“挑战”大脑战略注意力、综合推理和创新等领域改善认知表现。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，参与者——从青少年和健康成年人到脑损伤受害者和有阿尔茨海默病风险的老年人——的任务是过滤竞争信息，只关注重要的、重要的组成部分。A. provided提供；B. tasked交给某人任务；C. connected连接；D. mixed混合。结合句意以及下文中的“...with filtering competing information and focusing on only important, essential components.”可知，此处为给予这些参与者任务，task作为动词的意思是“交给某人任务”符合语境。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们还被要求解释这些信息，找到共同的主题，或者从他们所阅读的内容中发展出广义的陈述。A. offer提供；B. search搜查；C. investigate调查；D. interpret诠释。根据下文中的并列结构“...finding common ___5___ or developing generalized statements from what they were reading.”并结合语境可知，此处指的是“解释”这些信息。故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们还被要求解释这些信息，找到共同的主题，或者从他们所阅读的内容中发展出广义的陈述。A. themes主题；B. senses感觉；C. knowledge知识；D. claims声明。根据下文中的“...or developing generalized statements from what they were reading.”中的statements并结合句意可知，此处指的是共同的“主题”符合语境。故选A项。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：科学家们说，在两个月的大约45到60分钟的训练之后，抽象、推理和创新等领域的认知进步，进而也改善了记忆、计划和解决问题。A. performances表演，表现；B. gains增加，提升；C. benefits利益；D. procedures过程。根据下文中的并列结构“...and by extension, also improved memory, planning and problem solving.”可知，此处指的是训练之后，认知能力得到“提升”。故选B项。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：该研究的合著者桑德拉·邦德·查普曼在一份声明中说:“这项工作令人兴奋的是，在将主要推理训练与记忆训练进行比较的随机试验中，我们发现，学习新信息并不是涉及广泛的大脑网络和评估认知表现，而是对信息进行更深入的处理，并以新的方式使用这些信息，从而增强大脑表现”。A. referring参考；B. applying申请，应用；C. comparing比较；D. turning翻转。结合句意以及下文中的“we found that it was not learning new information that engaged widespread brain networks...”可知，此处表示的是通过比较推理训练与记忆训练，而有的下文中的发现。故选C项。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：该研究的合著者桑德拉·邦德·查普曼在一份声明中说:“这项工作令人兴奋的是，在将主要推理训练与记忆训练进行比较的随机试验中，我们发现，学习新信息并不是涉及广泛的大脑网络和评估认知表现，而是对信息进行更深入的处理，并以新的方式使用这些信息，从而增强大脑表现”。A. reduced减少；B. elevated估计；C. advanced前进；D. faded退去，变淡。根据上文中的并列内容“...engaged widespread brain networks...”并结合句意可知，此处指的是“评估”认知表现，evaluate意为“估计”符合句意。故选B项。
【39题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该研究的合著者桑德拉·邦德·查普曼在一份声明中说:“这项工作令人兴奋的是，在将主要推理训练与记忆训练进行比较的随机试验中，我们发现，学习新信息并不是涉及广泛的大脑网络和评估认知表现，而是对信息进行更深入的处理，并以新的方式使用这些信息，从而增强大脑表现”。A. clearer清晰的；B. vaguer模糊的；C. wider宽的；D. deeper深的。根据上文中的“we found that it was not learning new information that engaged widespread brain networks and ___8___ cognitive performance,...”以及空前的but可知，此处为更加深入的处理。故选D项。
【40题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：科学家说，除了帮助老年人提高老年时的认知功能外，年轻人还可以用一种战略性的、更具分析性的方法来锻炼大脑，以形成早期优势，并帮助中年人提高技能，保持“心理健康”。A. Instead of取代；B. But for要不是；C. In addition to此外；D. In terms of就……而言。根据下文“a strategic and more analytical approach to brain boosting exercises could also be used...”中的also可知，此处与下文讲述的内容性质相同，in addition to意为“此外”，与下文的also衔接合理。故选C项。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：科学家说，除了帮助老年人提高老年时的认知功能外，年轻人还可以用一种战略性的、更具分析性的方法来锻炼大脑，以形成早期优势，并帮助中年人提高技能，保持“心理健康”。A. advantage优势，优点；B. disadvantage缺点；C. innocence无辜，天真；D. conscience良心。根据上文中的“a strategic and more analytical approach to brain boosting exercises could also be used by young people to develop an early...”并结合句意可知，此处指的是利用一种战略性的、更具分析性的方法来锻炼大脑，以形成早期的优势。故选A项。
【42题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：科学家说，除了帮助老年人提高老年时的认知功能外，年轻人还可以用一种战略性的、更具分析性的方法来锻炼大脑，以形成早期优势，并帮助中年人提高技能，保持“心理健康”。A. physically身体上地；B. physiologically生理上地；C. psychologically心理上地；D. mentally精神上地。根据上文中的“...helping seniors improve their cognitive function in old age...”和“...and help middle-aged adults sharpen their skills...”可知，此处都是说的是对精神方面的改善和提高。故选D项。
【43题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：加州洛杉矶大学去年发表的一项研究还发现，老年人通过一项名为“Dakim Brain Fitness”的大脑健身项目，可以提高他们的记忆力和语言技能。A. regularly定期地，有规律地；B. irregularly无规律地；C. reluctantly不情愿地；D. illegally非法地。根据常识和上下文语境可知，此处应该是“定期”参加训练，能提高他们的记忆力和语言技能。故选A项。
【44题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一种被证明的保持精神健康的方法？走在人行道上，去跑步或快走，因为人们已经确定，体育活动是一种有效的大脑助推器。A. imaginary想象中的；B. proven已证实的；C. stimulating激励人的；D. complicated复杂的。根据下文“Hit the pavement and go for a run or brisk walk, as it’s been well ___15___ that physical activity is an effective brain booster.”可知，此处指的是已经得到证实的改善精神健康的方法。故选B项。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一种被证明的保持精神健康的方法？走在人行道上，去跑步或快走，因为人们已经确定，体育活动是一种有效的大脑助推器。A. authorized授权；B. accomplished完成，获得；C. established成立，承认；D. organized组织。根据下文中的主语从句“...that physical activity is an effective brain booster.”可知，这是已经建立起来的，人们已经承认的观点。故选C项。
Section B
Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
An argument will break down if one of the premises is not true or if the conclusion does not logically follow from them. For example, consider this argument:
The deer population in our state should be preserved. During the hunting season hundreds of deer are killed. Therefore, the hunting season should be discontinued.
To challenge this argument, the state’s wildlife commission might agree with both the major and minor premises but question whether the conclusion follows logically from them. True, the deer population should be preserved; true, deer are killed during the hunting season. However, in a state where deer have no natural enemies, herds become too large for the natural forest vegetation to support them. The overpopulated herds eat the leaves of the young trees, killing the trees, before dying of starvation themselves. The commission might conclude, therefore, that a limited hunting season helps preserve a healthier and more stable population of deer.
People who already agree with you need no persuasion, although a well-argued case for their own point of view is always welcome. But indifferent and doubting people will tend to resist your argument because they have minds of their own. To convince them, you will need to refute(驳斥)opposing arguments.
To give up a position that seems reasonable, the arguer has to see that there is an even more reasonable one. In addition to presenting your own case, review the chief arguments of the other side and explain what you think is wrong with them.
It is the best way to deal with the other side. Often it is useful to summarize the opposing position. Sometimes a better plan is to anticipate objections as you develop your detailed reasons for your argument. Wherever you decide to deal with opposing arguments, do your best to refute them.
As you refute opposition arguments, try to establish common ground with readers who at first do not agree with your views. If you can show that you share their values, they may be able to switch to your position without giving up what they feel is important. For example, to persuade people emotionally opposed to shooting helpless deer, a state wildlife commission would have to show that it too cares about preserving deer and does not want them to die needlessly. Having established these values in common, the commission might be able to persuade people that a carefully controlled hunting season is good for the deer population because it prevents starvation caused by over-population. However, if those opposed to hunting want to persuade the commission to ban the hunting season, they would need to show that the commission could achieve its goals by some other means, such as expanding the deer preserve or allowing the deer and the food supply to come into a natural balance.
46. What does the underlined word premises mean in the first paragraph?
A. establishments B. commercials
C. assumptions D. prejudices
47. By killing some deer, we ________.
A. have the hunting season B. make the hunters happy
C. protect the rest of the herds D. create their natural enemies
48. It is suggested that you ________ before refuting the opposing argument.
A. present your case first B. summarize the position of the other side
C. review your own views D. pretend to be indifferent
49. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
A. One may give up a position when he sees a more reasonable one.
B. You’d better anticipate the possible objections before you give your reasons
C. Deer should be preserved but overpopulation will do harm to them.
D. Those opposed to hunting don’t have good reasons
【答案】46. C 47. C 48. B 49. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章以狩猎季禁止捕猎的论断为例说明了，在反驳对方的论点之前，要先总结一下对方的立场，由此说服别人，认同自己的观点。
【46题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词后的句子“if the conclusion does not logically follow from them(结论不能从它们逻辑上得出)”可知，此处的them指代前文的划线词premises，此处的表示结论的出处，即结论出自于假设，故划线词与C选项assumptions为同义词，意为“假设”。故选C。
【47题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“However, in a state where deer have no natural enemies, herds become too large for the natural forest vegetation to support them. The overpopulated herds eat the leaves of the young trees, killing the trees, before dying of starvation themselves. ( 然而，在一个鹿没有天敌的州，鹿群变得太大，自然森林植被无法养活它们。数量过剩的鹿群吃了小树的叶子，树的数量减少，然后自己饿死了。)”可知，通过猎杀鹿群可以保护其他物种。故选C。
【48题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Often it is useful to summarize the opposing position. Sometimes a better plan is to anticipate objections as you develop your detailed reasons for your argument. Wherever you decide to deal with opposing arguments, do your best to refute them.(总结对方的立场通常是有用的。有时一个更好的计划是在你为你的论点提出详细理由的时候预见到反对意见。无论你决定在什么地方对付相反的论点，尽你最大的努力去反驳它们。)”可知，在反驳对方的论点之前，建议你先总结一下对方的立场。故选B。
【49题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“However, if those opposed to hunting want to persuade the commission to ban the hunting season, they would need to show that the commission could achieve its goals by some other means, such as expanding the deer preserve or allowing the deer and the food supply to come into a natural balance.(然而，如果那些反对狩猎的人想要说服委员会禁止狩猎季节，他们就需要证明委员会可以通过其他手段实现其目标，比如扩大鹿保护区或允许鹿和食物供应达到自然平衡。)”可知，那些反对狩猎的人会通过其他手段比如扩大鹿保护区或允许鹿和食物供应达到自然平衡来实现其目标即可推断那些反对狩猎的人有充分的理由去实现自己的目标说服委员会。D选项与文意相反，为错误选项。故选D。
(B)
Sam’s CLUB
A division of Walmart Inc., Sam’s club is the membership warehouse club solution for everyday living. Sam’s Club serves millions of members at SamsClub.com and almost 600 locations across the U. S. and Puerto Rico. Sam’s Club also has locations in Brazil, China and Mexico.
FOUNDER
Our founder Sam Walton was the most notable business leader of his time - but no matter how much success he achieved, he never forgot where it all started. Once a humble entrepreneur(创业者)with a successful five-and-time, Mr. Sam knew firsthand the challenges of running a small business.
EMPLOYEE
Sam’s club employs thousands of associates in the U. S. and Puerto Rico. Approximately 75 percent of club management was promoted from hourly positions.

Sam’s Club is a membership warehouse club, a limited-item business model that offers our members quality products at an exceptional value unmatched
BRAND
by traditional retail. Instead of stocking every item in every available brand, Sam’s Club merchants do their “homework” for our members, stocking the right products and purchasing them in large quantities, passing on the savings to our members. In addition to the leading national brands, Sam’s Club also carries Member’s Mark, an exclusive, premium-quality private brand. Member’s Mark products are exclusive designs that use top-of-the-line materials and the highest quality ingredients to make sure you get the best quality and value at members-only prices.
ENVIRONMENT
We reduce costs by maintaining a simple shopping environment, often displaying our merchandise on shipping deck so we can move new items in just as quickly as they move out. Besides, Many clubs include sustainable features such as day-lighting with skylights, night dimming, central energy management, water-conserving fixtures, natural concrete floors and recycling.
BENEFIT
Sam’s Club also provides a variety of member benefits such as free shipping on most items for our Plus Members along with Cash Rewards, early shopping, savings on medications as well as the benefits of our Club membership. Club members can take advantage of Sam’s Club Credit, Instant Savings, free health screenings, daily “Tastes & Tips” sampling demonstrations and members-only savings on fuel.

50. Who is more likely to be promoted to an executive position?
A. A member of the club. B. A worker paid by the hour.
C. A small business entrepreneur. D. An associate from Puerto Rico.
51. If you are a member of Sam’s club, you can ________ in Sam’s.
A. have all the available brands to choose from
B. have your homework done by Sam’s merchants
C. buy Member’s Mark products at members-only prices
D. enjoy free shipping for the goods you have purchased
52. The purpose of the passage is to ________.
A find suitable employees for Sam’s club
B. attract investment from overseas companies
C. inform readers of the features of Sam’s club
D. persuade customers to be a member of Sam’s club
【答案】50. B 51. C 52. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是山姆俱乐部的一些相关信息。
50题详解】
细节理解题。根据EMPLOYEE部分中的“Approximately 75 percent of club management was promoted from hourly positions.(大约75%的俱乐部管理层是从按小时计算的职位晋升的。)”可知，被升职为管理层人员是按小时支付的职位晋升的。故选B项。
【51题详解】
细节理解题。根据BRAND部分中的“Member’s Mark products are exclusive designs that use top-of-the-line materials and the highest quality ingredients to make sure you get the best quality and value at members-only prices.(会员的标志产品是独家设计，使用顶级的材料和最高质量的成分，以确保您得到最好的质量和价值在会员唯一的价格。)”可知，山姆俱乐部的成员以会员专用的价格买到会员标志的产品。故选C项。
【52题详解】
推理判断题。根据首段“A division of Walmart Inc., Sam’s club is the membership warehouse club solution for everyday living. Sam’s Club serves millions of members at SamsClub.com and almost 600 locations across the U. S. and Puerto Rico. Sam’s Club also has locations in Brazil, China and Mexico.(山姆俱乐部是沃尔玛公司的一个分支，是会员仓库俱乐部的日常生活解决方案。山姆会员店在SamsClub.com和遍布美国和波多黎各的近600家分店为数百万会员提供服务。山姆俱乐部在巴西、中国和墨西哥也有分店。)”以及下文表格中的信息可知，本文介绍的是山姆俱乐部的一些信息。故选C项。
(C)
The United Nations Food Systems Summit(峰会)held last September was overshadowed by a powerful counter-moblilization effort led by farmers and scientists and small-scale food producers across the world.
Opposition to the summit had been mounting since July, when hundreds of grassroots organizations challenged the organizers for framing the problem of food systems in narrow, technocratic ways and offering “false solutions” such as biotechnological interventions(干预)instead of promoting more sustainable, just and people-first ways of farming. Also in July the Philippines approved commercial cultivation of Bt eggplant, a genetically modified (GM) food that produces a protein that kills eggplant fruit and “Golden Rice” changed to produce beta-carotene, the forerunner of vitamin A. The Philippines thus became the first country in South and Southeast Asia of approve GM rice.
Advocates of GM crops praised the Philippines’ move as a victory of science. Since the U. N.’s food summit was announced two years ago, different groups have steadily reduced applications of science to global problems to a limited set of investor-oriented innovations. Within this orbit, agricultural biotechnology and digitalization are boasted as vital to achieving the U. N.’s sustainable development goals. As governments now debate the way forward from the summit, it is critical to recognize that a narrow focus on technology to address the complex structural problems of farming and food has an astonishingly poor track record.
At its base, GM crops are rooted in a colonial-capitalist model of agriculture based on theft of local land and on exploiting farmers’ and food workers’ labor, native knowledge and the web of lift itself. Today this agricultural model is responsible not only for increasing farm debt, depleted soils, and threats to native seeds and biodiversity but also the destruction of farmers’ knowledge and skills. For the world to achieve sustainability, this colonial model of agriculture must be dismissed, and promising agroecological approaches based on working with biodiversity and farmers’ knowledge and skills should be brought to center stage.
Most GM crops are engineered with resistance to herbicides(除草剂)and insects, which has not only contributed to the emergence of “super-weeds” and increasing pesticide use but has driven the global growth of seed and chemical industries. These kinds of crops have principally benefited large-scale farmers, grain traders and multinational corporations involved in selling seeds and pesticides.
Multinational agribusinesses have understood Golden Rice and Bt eggplant as pro-poor technologies to win over smallholder farmers and consumers in the Global South. The International Rice Research Institute has led Golden Rice’s development with support from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and in partnership with Syngenta (which owns rights to the rice) to address vitamin A deficiency (VAD) among the poor, especially children and pregnant women.
53. The recent Food Systems Summit was greeted with distrust because the organizers ________.
A. didn’t take the interests of people concerned into account
B. didn’t attach importance to the blossoming of agriculture
C. failed to come up with the effective initiatives with joint efforts
D. employed the inappropriate approaches to farming
54. What is the purpose of mentioning the Philippines’ case?
A. To prove the victory for the supporters of GM food.
B. To illustrate the Philippines’ opposition to the summit.
C. To argue it is a waste of money in the GM food.
D. To introduce how many nutrients GM food may contain.
55. ________ is advocated for the development of agriculture in the long run.
A. Exploiting farmers’ and food workers’ labor
B. Developing crops resistant to insects
C. Removing the colonial-capitalist model
D. Establishing partnership to address VAD
56. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. The Philippines is a country with cutting-edge technologies.
B. The application of GM food will solve the problem of environment.
C. Governments have initiated into the complex structural farming problems.
D. The booming pesticide industry is credited to the cultivation of GM food.
【答案】53. D 54. A 55. C 56. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是去年9月举行的联合国粮食系统首脑会议遭到了世界各地越来越多农民与草根组织的的反对，人们都希望将促进更可持续、公正、以人为本的农业模式，而不是继续殖民资本主义的农业模式。
【53题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的首句“Opposition to the summit had been mounting since July, when hundreds of grassroots organizations challenged the organizers for framing the problem of food systems in narrow, technocratic ways and offering “false solutions” such as biotechnological interventions(干预)instead of promoting more sustainable, just and people-first ways of farming.(自7月以来，对此次峰会的反对越来越多，当时数百个草根组织挑战组织者以狭隘、技术的官僚方式构建食品系统问题，并提供“错误的解决方案”，如生物技术干预，而不是促进更可持续、公正、以人为本的农业方式)”可知，人们对这次粮食首脑会议不信任的原因在组织者于采用了不恰当的农业方式。故选D项。
【54题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段首句“Advocates of GM crops praised the Philippines’ move as a victory of science.(转基因作物的倡导者称赞菲律宾的举动是科学的胜利)”可知，提到菲律宾的案例是为了证明转基因食品的支持者的胜利。故选A项。
【55题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“For the world to achieve sustainability, this colonial model of agriculture must be dismissed, and promising agroecological approaches based on working with biodiversity and farmers’ knowledge and skills should be brought to center stage.(为了使世界实现可持续性，必须摒弃这种殖民时期的农业模式，并将基于生物多样性和农民知识和技能的有希望的农业生态方法带到中心舞台)”可知，要从长远角度发展农业就要摒弃这种殖民时期的农业模式。故选C项。
【56题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Most GM crops are engineered with resistance to herbicides(除草剂)and insects, which has not only contributed to the emergence of “super-weeds” and increasing pesticide use but has driven the global growth of seed and chemical industries.(大多数转基因作物都具有对除草剂和昆虫的抗性，这不仅导致了“超级杂草”的出现和杀虫剂的使用，而且推动了全球种子和化学工业的增长)”可推断，杀虫剂等化学工业的全球发展是得益于大多数转基因食品的种植。故选D项。
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Chocolate Is Beneficial in Some Cases
Mental arithmetic became easier after volunteers had been given large amounts of compounds found in chocolate, called flavanols (黄烷醇), in a hot cocoa drink. They were also less likely to feel tired or mentally drained, the findings, presented at the British Psychological Society annual conference in Brighton show.
Prof David Kennedy, director of the brain, performance and nutrition research centre at North-umbria University, and a co-author of the study, said that chocolate could be beneficial for mentally challenging tasks.
___57___ “For things that are difficult to do, mentally demanding things that maybe crop up in your work, it would help.” Prof Kennedy said. The flavanols, part of a group of chemicals called polyphenols (多酚), work by increasing the flow of blood into the brain.
For the study 30 volunteers were asked to count backwards in groups of three from a random number between 800 and 999 generated by a computer. ___58___. However the same was not true when the group was asked to count backwards in groups of seven, which the researchers described as more complex task, requiring a slightly different part of the brain.
The findings also show that the volunteers did not get as tired doing the calculations if they had been given the cocoa drink, despite being asked to do them over and over for an hour. The researchers gave the volunteers a total of 500 mg of flavanol. ___59___.
Emma Wightman, one of the study’s lead researchers, said: “You can get bars of chocolate that have 100 mg of flavnoal, and we are also going to look at the effect of lower doses of flavanol on the brain.”
Prof Kennedy added: “The amount that you are giving is more than in the diet but there is quite a lot of evidence that general amounts are protective against declining function and that kind of thing. ___60___.
A. Volunteers’ performance definitely improved after drinking a lot of cocoa.
B. The findings show that they could do the calculations more quickly and more accurately after they had been given the drink.
C. The more fruit and vegetables and things that are high in polyphenols the better that is for your brain in the long run.
D. Although the amount was too great to be found naturally in the diet, researchers said people should ensure they have lots of flavanols, also found in fruit and vegetables, on a regular basis.
E. Both higher and lower doses of chocolate will increase brain power.
F. The findings suggest students who overeat chocolate when revising for exams may gain a real benefit from doing so.
【答案】57. F 58. B 59. D 60. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了巧克力对人类的大脑和精神状态有益。
【57题详解】
根据下文““For things that are difficult to do, mentally demanding things that maybe crop up in your work, it would help.” Prof Kennedy said. (肯尼迪教授说：“对于那些很难做的事情，可能会在你的工作中出现的精神上要求很高的事情，这会有所帮助。”)”可知，下文告诉我们当我们面对精神上要求很高的事情时，巧克力会对我们有帮助，F项意为“研究结果表明，在复习考试时吃巧克力过量的学生可能会从中获得真正的好处。”选项能够引起下文，复习考试正是一项在精神上要求很高的事情，吃巧克力对学生复习考试有帮助。故选F。
【58题详解】
根据上文“For the study 30 volunteers were asked to count backwards in groups of three from a random number between 800 and 999 generated by a computer. (在这项研究中，30名志愿者被要求从计算机产生的800到999之间的随机数中，以三人一组倒计数。)”可知，上文介绍了一项研究，B项意为“研究结果表明，给他们喝了饮料后，他们可以更快、更准确地进行计算。”选项能够承接上文，介绍了这项研究的结果，志愿者喝了热巧克力后，可以更快、更准确地进行计算。故选B。
【59题详解】
根据上文“The researchers gave the volunteers a total of 500 mg of flavanol. (研究人员给志愿者总共500毫克黄烷醇。)”可知，上文告诉我们研究人员给志愿者总共500毫克黄烷醇，D项意为“尽管这一数量太多，无法在饮食中自然发现，但研究人员表示，人们应该确保自己定期摄入大量的黄烷醇，这些黄烷醇也存在于水果和蔬菜中。”选项能够承接上文，虽然500毫克黄烷醇数量太多，但研究人员表示，黄烷醇也存在于水果和蔬菜中，人们应该确保自己定期摄入大量的黄烷醇。故选D。
【60题详解】
根据上文“Prof Kennedy added: “The amount that you are giving is more than in the diet but there is quite a lot of evidence that general amounts are protective against declining function and that kind of thing.” (肯尼迪教授补充道：“你所给的量比饮食中的量要多，但有很多证据表明，一般的量可以防止功能下降之类的事情。”)”可知，上文告诉我们一般量的黄烷醇就可以防止功能下降之类的事情，C项意为“水果、蔬菜和富含多酚类物质的食物越多，从长远来看，对大脑的好处就越大。”选项能够承接上文，黄烷醇是多酚的一部分，一般量的黄烷醇就会对大脑产生好处，吃水果、蔬菜和富含多酚类物质的食物越多，对大脑的好处就越大。故选C。
IV. Productive Grammar
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Preparations Underway for Moon Landing
China is making preparations for a moon landing that will place its astronauts on the lunar surface, according to a senior official at the China Manned Space Agency, who said our astronauts will definitely touch down on the moon.
The news conference invited key figures from China’s manned space programs, who are also members of the Communist Party of China, ____61____ (share) their stories and thoughts with journalists.
China’s space authorities have a long-term plan to land astronauts on the moon and set up at least one scientific station there. They hope to use the manned missions to carry out scientific surveys ____62____ technological research, explore ways to develop lunar resources and strengthen the nation’s space capabilities.
Toward that goal, the editor-in-chief of Aerospace Knowledge magazine, said Chinese engineers need to build new, stronger carrier rockets and spacecraft ____63____ they arrange a moon-bound journey for Chinese astronauts. “The nation’s current rockets and manned spaceships ____64____ not send astronauts to the moon ____65____ they are not designed for such a mission. We need to design a new rocket, a new spacecraft, a lunar landing capsule fit for a moon walk. We also need to upgrade our ground support system ____66____ was designed for operations in low-Earth orbit ____67____ on the lunar surface,” he explained.
Designers at the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, the country’s major maker of carrier rockets, are researching a super-heavy rocket that will be several times bigger and mightier than the Long March 5, now the biggest and strongest in China’s Long March rocket family.
____68____ a length of nearly 90 meters, the new rocket, which has yet ____69____ (name), will have a liftoff weight of about 2,000 metric tons and will be able to place a 25-ton spacecraft into an Earth-moon trajectory, designers said, _____70_____ (add) that this new model will serve the manned lunar landing.
【答案】61. to share
62. and 63. before
64. can 65. because##as
66. which##that
67. rather than
68. With 69. to be named
70. adding
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。讲述的是中国在为宇航员着陆月球做准备。
【61题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这次新闻发布会邀请了来自中国共产党成员的中国载人航天项目的关键人物与记者分享他们的故事和想法。分析句子结构可知，此处为invite sb. to do sth.结构，不定式作宾补。故填to share。
【62题详解】
考查连词。句意：他们希望利用载人飞行任务进行科学调查和技术研究，探索开发月球资源和加强国家空间能力的方法。分析句子结构可知，此处应填连词连接两个名词短语，结合句意可知，空前与空后名词短语并列关系。故填and。
【63题详解】
考查连词。句意：为了实现这一目标，《航空航天知识》杂志的主编说，中国工程师需要在为中国宇航员安排一次往返月球之旅之前，建造新的、更强的运载火箭和宇宙飞船。分析句子结构可知，此处应填连词引导状语从句，结合句意可知，该连词引导的从句中的动作发生在主句动作之前，所以使用before表示“在……之前”符合句意。故填before。
【64题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：美国目前的火箭和载人飞船不能将宇航员送上月球，因为它们不是为这样的任务而设计的。根据空后为“not+动词原形”结构可知，此处应填情态动词，结合句意，表示“能”用can。故填can。
【65题详解】
考查连词。句意同上。分析句子结构可知，此处应填连词引导状语从句，结合句意可知，该连词引导的从句内容与主句内容为因果关系。故填because/as。
【66题详解】
考查连词。句意：我们还需要升级我们的地面支持系统，它是为在近地轨道而不是在月球表面运行而设计的，他解释到。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导的限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词ground support system指的是物。故填which/that。
【67题详解】
考查固定短语。句意同上。分析句子结构可知，空前与空后的内容为并列关系，结合句意，rather than意为“而不是”符合句意。故填rather than。
【68题详解】
考查介词。句意：设计人员说，这枚尚未命名的新型火箭有近90米长，发射重量约为2000公吨，能够将25吨重的航天器送入地球-月球轨道，并补充说，这种新型号将为载人登月服务。分析句子结构可知，空后为“冠词+名词单数”结构，且不是句子，所以应该填介词，结合句意可知，此处表示的是“火箭有90米长”，with意为“具有”的意思，且位于句首，首字母大写。故填With。
【69题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意同上。have/has/be yet to do是固定搭配，意为“还未做某事”，又“火箭”和name之间是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式。故填to be named。
【70题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意同8小题。分析句子结构可知。此处为非谓语动词短语作状语，与句子主语designers 之间为主动关系，且动词与谓语动词同时发生。故填adding。
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
71. 班长背着我给我准备了一张新年贺卡，这让我无比激动。（prepare）(汉译英)
【答案】The monitor prepared a New Year card for me behind my back, which made me very excited.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和定语从句。分析汉语结构可知，表示“给某人准备某物”应为句子的主句部分，翻译为prepare sth. for sb.，且根据句意可知，此处描述的为过去的事情，所以谓语动词使用一般过去时态；表示“背着我”，也就是“在我的背后”翻译为behind my back；分析句子可知，表示“这让我无比激动”为从句，对主句解释说明，所以使用非限制性定语从句，主语指的是事情，故用which引导，时态与主句一致，“让我兴奋”表达为make me very excited。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为The monitor prepared a New Year card for me behind my back, which made me very excited.
72. 不可否认的是，澳大利亚土著语言的消亡阻碍了对当地传统文化的研究。(There ...) (汉译英)
【答案】There is no denying that the demise of Australian Aboriginal languages has hindered the study of local traditional culture.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型和现在完成时。表示“不可否认的是”用固定句型there is no denying that ；表示“澳大利亚土著语言的消亡”用the demise of Australian Aboriginal languages；表示“阻碍”用hinder，此处表示动作发生在过去对现在有影响故事用现在完成时即has hindered；同时表示“对当地传统文化的研究”用the study of local traditional culture。故翻译为There is no denying that the demise of Australian Aboriginal languages has hindered the study of local traditional culture。
73. 令科学家们欣慰的是，他们经过数年的潜心研究后，无人驾驶技术在中国终于初具雏形。(shape n.) (汉译英)
【答案】To the relief of scientists, after years of research, driverless technology is finally taking shape in China.
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语和动词。句中表示“令科学家们欣慰的是”用to the relief of scientists；表示“经过数年的潜心研究后”用after years of research；表示“无人驾驶技术”用driverless technology；表示“初具雏形”用finally take shape。同时句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。故翻译为To the relief of scientists, after years of research, driverless technology is finally taking shape in China。
74. 虽然努力不一定成功，但在此过程中培养的解决问题的能力和永不放弃的精神是伴随人们一生的宝贵财富。(secure) (汉译英)
【答案】Although efforts may not result in success, the ability to solve problems and the spirit of never giving up gained in the process are valuable treasure that will secure a lifetime.
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构及词汇。表示“虽然……但是……”可使用although/though引导让步状语从句；从句部分“努力不一定成功”可使用名词effort做主语，情态动词may not和动词短语result in作谓语，名词success作宾语；主句主语部分“在此过程中培养的解决问题的能力和永不放弃的精神”可使用名词短语the ability to solve problems和the spirit of never giving up并列，作主语，过去分词短语gained in the process作后置定语，谓语部分表示“是伴随人们一生的宝贵财富”可使用系表结构be valuable treasure和定语从句that will secure a lifetime。故翻译为Although efforts may not result in success, the ability to solve problems and the spirit of never giving up gained in the process are valuable treasure that will secure a lifetime.
VI. Guided Writing
75. Directions:Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
学校计划对校园环境进行优化，校长就设计方案征求学生的意见。假设你是李华，给校长写一封信，对设计方案提出一些建议。你的信必须包括以下内容：
1. 谈谈你建议的具体内容；
2. 说明你的理由（从学生的学习、活动等角度进行说明）
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Hearing that our school is planning to optimize the campus environment, I am offering the following suggestions.
First of all, I think the school should include environmental protection knowledge and health knowledge into the teaching tasks of various subjects, combined with the teaching content, which could help to cultivate and strengthen students’ environmental awareness. Secondly, each class should set up its own environmental cleaning area, and the school should strengthen the inspection and management of student dormitory environment, which will be beneficial for students to keep the dormitory clean and tidy. At the same time, in order to provide students with a good environment for study and dining, schools should improve the canteen facilities, replace the screens, add necessary equipment, such as drinking water equipment, sports equipment and update the computer teaching facilities.
Sincerely, I hope that my suggestion will be helpful to you and finally be accepted.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给校长写一封信，就学校校园环境优化计划提出建议。内容包括：建议的具体内容，以及阐述理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：suggestion→advice
首先：first of all → first and foremost
诚挚地：sincerely→genuinely
希望：hope→ expect
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Hearing that our school is planning to optimize the campus environment, I am offering the following suggestions.
拓展句：Because I hear that our school is planning to optimize the campus environment, I am offering the following suggestions.
【点睛】【高分句型1】First of all, I think the school should include environmental protection knowledge and health knowledge into the teaching tasks of various subjects, combined with the teaching content, which could help to cultivate and strengthen students' environmental awareness.(运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】Sincerely, I hope that my suggestion will be helpful to you and finally be accepted.(运用了that引导的宾语从句以及情态动词的被动语态结构)