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2024年山东省菏泽外国语学校高考英语一模试卷-（含详细答案解析）
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这是一份2024年山东省菏泽外国语学校高考英语一模试卷-（含详细答案解析），共22页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，任务型读写，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共37.5分。
A
Cuntry Bm
July 7-9 at Cuntry Bm|Ages 16+Only
3-Day GA（General Admissin） Ticket includes access t the cncert grunds thrughut the entire weekend（Thursday,Friday,&Saturday）.It als allws access t public fd,drink,game,and sme feathered gds.General Admissin des nt allw access t the tw campsites.VIP areas and party Pit.
Welcme T Rckville
July 19-22 at Daytnalnternatinal Speedway|Ages 14+Only
It is a fur-day hard rck and heavy metal music festival that will take place in July this year.In 2021，this festival returned n Nvember 11-14，n its 10th year,at the same hme,the Daytna Internatinal Speedway in Daytna Beach,Flrida.This even set a recrd attendance f 161，000 peple,making it the biggest rck festival in America that year.
Tidal Wave Festival
August 12-14 at Tidal Wave Music Festival|Ages 8+Only
The 3-Day GA Ticket allws admittance fr the three days f the Festival and includes：3 days f music and beach.It ffers unlimited access t all the 30 perfrmances and activities.Lw-priced suvenirs（纪念品），free water refill statins,shaded areas and cell phne charging statins are als available.Free general admissin is ffered t children wh are 8，but they must be accmpanied by a ticketed adult.
Bts and Hearts Music Festival
Sept 4-7 at Burls Creek Event Grunds|Ages 18+Only
It is a fur-day cuntry music and camping festival prduced by Republic Live Inc.The festival is held
yearly at the custm-designed festival grunds,But's Creek Event Grunds in Ontari,Canada.In additin t wnderful cuntry music,yu als have chance t cheer fr big names n the stage.Night parties and night camping are awaiting yu.
1.Which f the fllwing was America's biggest rck festival in 2021？ ______
A. Cuntry Bm.B. Welcme T Rckville.
C. Tidal Wave Festival.D. Bts and Hearts Music Festival.
2.What can an 8-year-ld child enjy at Tidal Wave Festival？ ______
A. A free suvenir.B. A free cell phne.
C. Free GA.D. Public fd.
3.What makes Bts and Hearts Music Festival attractive？ ______
A. GA t VIP areas and party Pit.B. Free access t all perfrmances.
C. Hard rck and heavy metal music.D. Meeting sme well-knwn stars.
B
Marissa Sumathipala，a student at Brad Run High Schl utside f Washingtn，D.C，was practicing with her recreatinal figure-skating team when she crashed with anther skater.Her head hit against the ice heavily.Everything went black.
Up t that pint，Sumathipala's entire life had centred arund her sprt —her daily schedule，exercise rutine，even her diet.She had hpes f making the 2018 Olympic team.The fall n the ice wuld change everything，including her directin.
Sumathipala had a brain injury and it ended her skating career.Symptms lasted fr years.Her memry felt unclear at times.She'd find herself dizzy，sick，r exhausted.Sumathipala cnsulted dctrs，s many that she "lst cunt." But n ne had answers.
Sumathipala began t realize that there was s much unknwn abut the brain.She set ut t find the answers herself，a path that wuld eventually bring her t Harvard University，where she'd cncentrate in the human brain.Thrughut her fur years，Surmathipala hmed in n brain science.She wrked with the McCarrll Lab at Harvard Medical Schl，helping develp a new methd fr sequencing synapses （神经突序列） in the brain，which are crucial fr memry and learning.Even as an undergraduate，her clleagues were s struck by hw mature her thinking already was abut science that she quickly became a trusted and valued member f the lab.
Als，Sumathipala cmpeted with the Harvard Figure Skating Club all fur years.She helped increase its membership and intrduced new skaters t the sprt she still lves. "I spent a lng time struggling with my identity，" she said. "Grwing up I was just a skater and then，when I gt injured，I had t rebuild my identity.Then I was a scientist.Nw，I identify as being bth a skater and a scientist."
Reflecting n her years at Harvard，Sumathipala said ne f the things she's mst grateful fr is seeing hw things have cme full circle fr her.
4.What d we knw abut Sumathipala's injury？ ______
A. It stpped her skating eventually.
B. It led t her lss f eyesight.
C. It changed her life directin.
D. It was easily cured by dctrs.
5.In what way did Sumathipala think she culd find the answer t her disease？ ______
A. Turning t dctrs.B. G n practicing.
C. Rebuilding her identity.D. Ding research n brain herself.
6.What des the underlined phrase "hmed in n" in paragraph 4 prbably mean？ ______
A. fcused nB. returned tC. attended tD. stayed at
7.What made things cme full circle fr Sumathipala？ ______
A. Deep lve fr figure skating.
B. Her determinatin t achieve life gals.
C. The praise frm her lab clleagues.
D. Gd relatinship with new skaters.
C
While it thrws ut abut 90 punds f fd per persn every year，Japan desn't rank at the tp f the wrld's list f wasteful natins.Still，what's thrwn away represents a serius prblem fr an island natin with limited landfill space and a gal f greater sustainability.Reinventin can ffer an alternative.A Japanese cmpany is taking vegetable peels，cking il and ther used fdstuffs and making entirely different prducts.
Cncrete is the mst widely used cnstructin material in the wrld，and its key element，cement，is a majr plluter f greenhuse emissins.S what if a mre sustainable alterative were pssible by making cement with fd waste，which als wuld help reduce greenhuse emissins frm landfills where that waste wuld therwise be thrwn away？That's the idea behind Fabula，a Tky-based start-up.
Researchers at Fabula created a recipe t make fd cncrete by drying leftvers and pressing them int a mld （模具） at a high temperature.The cmpany，funded by researchers at the University f Tky，began with items cmmnly thrwn away like cabbage and range peels but fund that almst any fd item can be used.It nw takes mstly cffee grunds and tea leaves t make its cement.The prduct's durability depends n the cmpnents.
Fabula is currently prducing made-t-rder husehld items，such as casters and dishes，while awaiting its patent.The gal is t make furniture and larger structures nce the technlgy is able t make the cement mre durable.Fd prductin cmpanies that can't avid generating waste during their prcesses have reached ut t wrk with the cmpany. "We hpe t becme a matching service between cmpanies that have fd waste and cmpanies wh want t build things ut f such materials，" said Takuma Oishi，Fabula's chief cmmercial fficer.
Since the cement is 100 percent eatable，it culd create pprtunities during disaster respnse when temprary structures need t be built quickly.The peple inside might even turn t them fr fd.If the technlgy advances enugh，Oishi suggested，smeday we may be able "t eat the hmes r furniture when necessary".
8.Which prblem Japan faces is mentined in paragraph 1？ ______
A. Fd waste.B. Garbage littering.
C. Energy crisis.D. Envirnmental pllutin.
9.What's the initial thught f Fabula？ ______
A. Using fd remains in recipes.
B. Finding a cheaper alternative t landfills.
C. Making a nvel building material frm leftvers.
D. Cutting greenhuse gases by recycling hme devices.
10.What's paragraph 3 mainly abut？ ______
A. The diversity f fd surces.
B. The prspects f the cmpany.
C. The innvatin f a traditinal cuisine.
D. The prcess f develping fd cncrete.
11.Hw is fd cncrete different frm cmmn cnstructin materials？ ______
A. It can fill stmachs.B. It's slid and lasting.
C. It can prevent disasters.D. It's delicate but cst-free.
D
A gd cnversatin shuld prceed like a tennis match：players each take turns respnding，knwing instinctively （本能） when t speak and when t listen.This kind f cmplicated and back-and-frth talk is ften cnsidered t be pssessed nly by humans.Hwever，accrding t a recent study，animals als seem t knw when t speak and when t listen.
The study invlved ver 300 animals including birds，mammals （哺乳动物），insects，and frgs which practice turn-taking behavir.These animals alternate their call and respnse in a similar way humans cmmunicate.Mnkeys，fr example，ften exchange calls t lcate each ther in the wild and figure ut whether they knw ne anther.
While frms f cmmunicatin are mstly sund-based，several species have mre creative frms f viewable cmmunicatin.Baby mnkeys let their parents knw they want t be carried with arm gestures，while birds，insects and frgs can get their messages acrss thrugh clrful displays.
Kbin Kendrick，the main c-authr n the study，says that making cmparisns amng animals that take turns when cmmunicating can give us a better understanding f hw this feature evlved in humans and ur ancestrs. "We knw very little abut the evlutin and rigin f the human language，s any pssibility f gaining insight int it is wrth ging after，" he says.
Additinally，while the idea f turn-taking might bring t mind a picture f rderly，well-mannered animals，Kendrick stresses that this isn't always the case.Owl （猫头鹰） chicks may try t utd each ther by making luder sunds in an effrt t attract favr frm their mthers during feeding. "This can be seen as an exceptin t the rule，highlighting the imprtance f turn-taking in general，" says Kendrick.
One prblem with the study is that researchers themselves dn't knw hw t cmmunicate with thers utside their particular species f interest.Kendrick stresses anther gal f the study is t create a wider framewrk that can bring tgether all the different researches n turn-taking，allwing scientists t cnduct mre crss-species cmparisns. "We all believe strngly these fields can benefit frm each ther，and we hpe the study will drive mre crsstalk between humans and animals in the future，" says Kendrick.
12.What can we learn abut the turn-taking behavir？ ______
A. It is a unique human quality.
B. It is an acquired athletic skill.
C. It ccurs between familiar relatins.
D. It features cmplexity and interactin.
13.Which f the fllwing is a frm f visual intercmmunicatin？ ______
A. Frgs shw skin clrs.B. Bees release smells.
C. Eagles scream in the sky.D. Mnkeys exchange calls.
14.Why are "wl chicks" mentined in paragraph 5？ ______
A. T prpse a definitin.B. T give a cntrast.
C. T present an argument.D. T make a predictin.
15.What aspect f research des the last paragraph highlight？ ______
A. Research budget.B. Research range.
C. Research frequency.D. Research backgrund.
二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共12.5分。
Hw t Enjy Spring As winter is past and the days start warming and brightening,it's pssible t start feeling yur md imprved and yu're less weighed dwn by the cld days f winter.(16)And indeed it is the time t renew yur gals,refresh yur hme,and unearth yur garden.As the ever-grwing days invite yu t spend mre time utside,yu'll easily find many ways t keep yu utside f the huse enjying the fresh spring days.
Make a plan at the start f spring.(17)Whether it's gardening,spring cleaning,learning smething new,having a makever,rganizing renvatins（翻新），r anther activity suited t a seasn f renewal,planning fr it will help yu t make the mst f the spring mnths.
(18) This is a gd time t sit back and assess the strengths and weaknesses f yur current living space and t reach a decisin abut whether r nt it culd be imprved thrugh a change in decratin styles r additins thrugh decratins.
Spring clean.This age-ld traditin f clearing away the dust f winter will give yur huse a fresh beginning fr the warmer mnths ahead and make the huse and surrunds mre inviting and enjyable fr yu and yur family and friends.(19)Take time t ntice the changes arund yu.Listen t the birds sing and watch the plant life arund yu emerge（显露），sht up,and finally start t blssm（开花）. (20) Set yurself a gal f little change until suddenly it seems as if a big ne t yu.
A.Make a decisin abut the mve.
B.Cnsider redecratin r renvatin.
C.Spring is the time f enjying smething fresh.
D.Spring is a great time t d cmplete cleaning.
E.The beginning f spring is the best time t plan.
F.The wrld arund yu is starting fresh and s can yu.
G.Spring is the perfect time t set the pace fr the warmth.
16.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
17.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
18.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
19.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
20.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
三、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共15分。
Sme years ag，I was stuck n a crsstwn bus during rush hur.The bus was filled with cld，tired peple（1） ______ with ne anther.Tw men（2） ______ at each ther fr an unintentinal push.An elderly wman gt n，and nbdy ffered her a（3） ______ .Anger was in the air；n（4） ______ culd be fund here.
As the bus apprached Seventh Avenue，the driver's wrds came frm the speaker. "Flks，" he said. "I knw yu've had a（n）（5） ______ day and that yu are depressed，but I will（6） ______ .When each f yu walks by befre getting ff，drp yur（7） ______ int my palm （手掌）.My rute ges right by the Hudsn River，int which I'll（8） ______ them."
It seemed as if a spell had lifted.Everyne burst ut laughing，their faces shining with（9） ______ .The passengers wh had been（10） ______ each ther's existence were suddenly grinning （咧嘴笑） at each ther — is this guy serius？
At the next stp，just as（11） ______ ，the driver held ut his hand，palm up，and waited.All the（12） ______ passengers perfrmed the gesture f drpping smething int his palm.The driver（13） ______ the same actin at every stp that fllwed.
Occasinally we may sink int a grey wrld，but smene can （14） ______ it like a ray f light，shwing us hpe.What if we are the light？（15） ______ ，anyne pssesses the pwer t shine n thers' dark days.
21.A. satisfiedB. assciatedC. impressedD. annyed
22.A. wavedB. nddedC. barkedD. sht
23.A. reminderB. seatC. rideD. chice
24.A. mercyB. frtuneC. curageD. security
25.A. tughB. averageC. imprtantD. fruitful
26.A. make cmmentsB. shw upC. help utD. take risks
27.A. memriesB. trublesC. faultsD. tips
28.A. transfrmB. stretchC. accmpanyD. cast
29.A. envyB. greedC. pleasureD. pride
30.A. suspectingB. ignringC. expectingD. appreciating
31.A. rderedB. prmisedC. requestedD. reprted
32.A. chsenB. fledC. sittingD. exiting
33.A. repeatedB. designedC. interpretedD. evaluated
34.A. divideB. explreC. rewardD. brighten
35.A. HweverB. InsteadC. ActuallyD. Cnsequently
四、语法填空：本大题共1小题，共15分。
36. The Singing Sands Muntain, as a ht turist attractin, (1) (lcate) in Dunhuang in Western China. As yu walk thrugh the quicksand r slide dwn a sand muntain, smetimes yu can hear lud nises frm beneath yur feet. This is hw it gt the name "The Singing Sands Muntain".
(2) (nest) between the tall sand muntains, there lies a spring. It has existed fr thusands f years and never dried up. The spring, (3) (shape) like a mn, is called the Crescent Spring(月牙泉).
The frmatin and (4) (exist) f the spring are related t its landfrm. The flwing water cmes tgether here and verflws thrugh a gelgical layer t frm the Crescent Spring. It's (5) (extreme) dry here, with the amunt f annual evapratin(蒸发) being mre than 60 times (6) f the annual rainfall. Hwever, the stable water surce ensures a (7) (sustain) water supply t the spring.
The Crescent Spring is als due t the lw-lying terrain(地势). Whenever there is a sandstrm, it frms (8) upward air flw between the surrunding sand muntains t send the sand at the ft back t the tp f the sand muntain and saves it (9) being swallwed by quicksand. The Crescent Spring, (10) terrain and landscape are really distinctive, has becme a rmantic scenic spt.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、任务型读写：本大题共1小题，共25分。
37.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Just like n every break, Asiri wuld g with his uncle t his wrkshp, wh made cstumes fr elephants! Asiri had been asking t help make the cstumes. But he'd been tld he was t little t sew the fine stitches(缝线) needed fr the cstumes.
Waiting fr Uncle Thad, Asiri smthed his practice piece beside him. Acrss it he had sewn, pulled ut, and resewn stitches just as Uncle Thad had taught him. He culdn't wait t shw it t his uncle.
When his uncle finally came ver, Asiri leapt frm his seat. "Lk, Uncle," said Asiri, hlding up the stitched clth. "These are fine stitches, Asiri," said Uncle Thad. "Just right t fix sequins(亮片)." Tgether they walked t the wrkshp.
Uncle Thad and his team were busy making the cstumes. They had t be ready fr Esala Perahera, the biggest festival held in the city f Kandy. Since the elephants were the stars f the parade, their cstumes had t be dazzling. He especially lved the sequins sewn n them that made them sparkle.
Uncle Thad, his team, and nw Asiri, wuld finish the cstumes. Asiri hped he'd get t sew a sequin nt the cstume fr the mst imprtant elephant in the parade. After lunch, Asiri was putting away a piece f clth when his uncle called. "Asiri? Please bring me the bx f glden sequins."
Here was his chance, thught Asiri. He'd bring the bx t Uncle Thad and then ask t sew ne n. Uncle Thad was sure t say yes. Asiri lifted the bx frm the shelf but turned a little t quickly, and the bx was turned ver, leaving the glden sequins n the flr. Uncle Thad turned t stare—first at Asiri and then at the glden sequins. Asiri felt his cheeks turning red. Nw, Uncle Thad wuld never let him sew a single sequin n the cstumes this year. Asiri dashed ut f the dr, dwn the street, and all the way back hme. Hearing the rush f his ftsteps, Asiri's mther came t the dr.
注意：
（1）续写的词数应为150左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
"What's wrng, Asiri?" asked his mther.
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Reaching the wrkshp, Asiri fund the sequins were still there.
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
六、书面表达：本大题共1小题，共15分。
38.
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、C、D
【解析】（1）B.推理判断题。根据Welcme T Rckville 部分This even set a recrd attendance f 161 ，000 peple,making it the biggest rck festival in America that year. （这甚至创造了16.1万人参加的记录，使它成为当年美国最大的摇滚音乐节。）可知，Welcme T Rckville 是2021年美国最大的摇滚音乐节。故选B。
（2）C.细节理解题。根据Tidal Wave Festival 部分Free general admissin is ffered t children wh are 8 ，but they must be accmpanied by a ticketed adult. （8岁的儿童免费入场，但必须有持票的成人陪同。）可知，Tidal Wave Festival 给八岁的儿童免门票。故选C。
（3）D.细节理解题。根据Bts and Hearts Music Festival 部分In additin t wnderful cuntry music,yu als have chance t cheer fr big names n the stage.Night parties and night camping are awaiting yu. （除了美妙的乡村音乐外，你还有机会为舞台上的大明星欢呼）可知，能遇见一些著名的明星使Bts and Hearts音乐节吸引人。故选D。
本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了今年将要举办的四个音乐节。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
4~7.【答案】C、D、A、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段The fall n the ice wuld change everything，including her directin.（摔倒在冰上会改变一切，包括她的方向。）可知，苏马蒂帕拉的受伤改变了她的人生方向。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第四段Sumathipala began t realize that there was s much unknwn abut the brain.She set ut t find the answers herself，a path that wuld eventually bring her t Harvard University，where she'd cncentrate in the human brain.（苏马提帕拉开始意识到，关于大脑有很多未知的东西。她开始自己寻找答案，这条路最终会把她带到哈佛大学，在那里她会专注于人脑。）可知，她认为通过专注于人脑研究会帮助她找到答案。故选D。
（3）词义猜测题。根据第四段She set ut t find the answers herself，a path that wuld eventually bring her t Harvard University，where she'd cncentrate in the human brain. （她开始自己寻找答案，这条路最终会把她带到哈佛大学，在那里她会专注于人脑。）可知，下文"Surmathipala hmed in n brain science"中划线短语词义与cncentrate接近。A.fcused n专注于；B.returned t回到；C.attended t照顾，处理；D.stayed at停留在。A项fcus n词义与划线短语最接近。故选A。
（4）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Grwing up I was just a skater and then，when I gt injured，I had t rebuild my identity.Then I was a scientist.Nw，I identify as being bth a skater and a scientist.（在成长过程中，我只是一名滑冰运动员，然后，当我受伤时，我必须重建我的身份。然后我是一名科学家。现在，我既是一名滑冰运动员，也是一名科学家。）可知，这些事情在她身上实现了完整的循环是因为她实现目标的决心：成长过程中，目标是入选2018年奥运会代表队；受伤后，目标是找到大脑问题的答案。故选B。
本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了高中生玛丽莎•苏马蒂帕拉在与练习花样滑冰时与另一名滑冰运动员相撞，导致脑部受伤，记忆受损。后来，她自己专注于人脑研究，与哈佛医学院麦卡罗尔实验室合作，帮助开发了一种新方法，对大脑中对记忆和学习至关重要的突触进行排序。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
8~11.【答案】A、C、D、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段While it thrws ut abut 90 punds f fd per persn every year，Japan desn't rank at the tp f the wrld's list f wasteful natins.Still，what's thrwn away represents a serius prblem fr an island natin with limited landfill space and a gal f greater sustainability.（虽然日本每年人均浪费约90磅食物，但在世界浪费国家排行榜上却并不名列前茅。尽管如此，对于一个垃圾填埋空间有限、目标是更大的可持续性的岛国来说，被丢弃的垃圾仍然是一个严重的问题。）可知，第一段中提到了日本面临食物垃圾的问题。A．Fd waste.食物垃圾；B．Garbage littering.乱扔垃圾；C．Energy crisis.能源危机；D．Envirnmental pllutin.环境污染。故答案为A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段Cncrete is the mst widely used cnstructin material in the wrld，and its key element，cement，is a majr plluter f greenhuse emissins.S what if a mre sustainable alterative were pssible by making cement with fd waste，which als wuld help reduce greenhuse emissins frm landfills where that waste wuld therwise be thrwn away？（混凝土是世界上使用最广泛的建筑材料，其关键成分水泥是温室气体排放的主要污染源。那么，如果有一种更可持续的替代方法，用食物垃圾制造水泥，这也有助于减少垃圾填埋场的温室气体排放，否则垃圾就会被丢弃。）可知，Fabula最初的想法是用食物垃圾制作一种新型建筑材料。故答案为C。
（3）段落大意题。根据第三段Researchers at Fabula created a recipe t make fd cncrete by drying leftvers and pressing them int a mld （模具） at a high temperature.（Fabula的研究人员发明了一种配方，通过干燥剩菜剩饭，并在高温下将其压入模具中，使食物变成混凝土。）和第二句began with items cmmnly thrwn away like cabbage and range peels but fund that almst any fd item can be used（从经常被扔掉的东西开始，比如卷心菜和橘子皮，但发现几乎任何食物都可以使用）以及第三句It nw takes mstly cffee grunds and tea leaves t make its cement.（现在它主要用咖啡渣和茶叶来制造水泥。）可知，第三段主要是讲研制食品混凝土的过程。因此D．The prcess f develping fd cncrete.（食品混凝土的开发过程。）是第三段的段落大意。故答案为D。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段Since the cement is 100 percent eatable，it culd create pprtunities during disaster respnse when temprary structures need t be built quickly.（由于这种水泥是100%可食用的，当需要快速建造临时建筑时，它可以在救灾过程中创造机会）可知，食品混凝土与普通建筑材料的不同之处是它能填饱肚子。因此A．It can fill stmachs.（可以填饱肚子。）符合题意。故答案为A。
这是一篇说明文。对于日本严重的食物垃圾问题，东京初创企业Fabula提出用食物垃圾制作一种新型建筑材料。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
12~15.【答案】D、A、B、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段A gd cnversatin shuld prceed like a tennis match：players each take turns respnding，knwing instinctively when t speak and when t listen.This kind f cmplicated and back-and-frth talk is ften cnsidered t be pssessed nly by humans.（一场好的谈话应该像一场网球比赛一样进行：球员们轮流做出反应，本能地知道什么时候该说，什么时候该听。这种复杂而反复的谈话通常被认为只有人类才拥有）可知，我们能从轮流行为中了解到，它具有复杂性和交互性。故选D项。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段While frms f cmmunicatin are mstly sund-based，several species have mre creative frms f viewable cmmunicatin.Baby mnkeys let their parents knw they want t be carried with arm gestures，while birds，insects and frgs can get their messages acrss thrugh clrful displays.（虽然交流形式主要是基于声音，但一些物种有更有创意的可视交流形式。猴子宝宝用手势让父母知道它们想被抱着，而鸟类、昆虫和青蛙可以通过彩色的展示来传达信息）可知，青蛙展示皮肤颜色属于视觉交流的一种形式。故选A项。
（3）推理判断题。根据第五段Additinally，while the idea f turn-taking might bring t mind a picture f rderly，well-mannered animals，Kendrick stresses that this isn't always the case.Owl chicks may try t utd each ther by making luder sunds in an effrt t attract favr frm their mthers during feeding. "This can be seen as an exceptin t the rule，highlighting the imprtance f turn-taking in general，" says Kendrick.（此外，虽然轮流的想法可能会让人想到一幅有序、彬彬有礼的动物画面，但肯德里克强调，情况并非总是如此。在喂食过程中，猫头鹰雏鸟可能会试图通过发出更大的声音来吸引母亲的青睐。Kendrick说："这可以被视为规则的一个例外，突出了轮流的重要性。"）可知，第5段提到了"wl chicks"是为了和有序、彬彬有礼的动物画面做对比。A．T prpse a definitin.提出一个定义；B．T give a cntrast.来做个对比；C．T present an argument.提出论点；D．T make a predictin.做一个预测。故选B项。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段One prblem with the study is that researchers themselves dn't knw hw t cmmunicate with thers utside their particular species f interest.Kendrick stresses anther gal f the study is t create a wider framewrk that can bring tgether all the different researches n turn-taking，allwing scientists t cnduct mre crss-species cmparisns. "We all believe strngly these fields can benefit frm each ther，and we hpe the study will drive mre crsstalk between humans and animals in the future，" says Kendrick.（这项研究的一个问题是，研究人员自己不知道如何与他们感兴趣的特定物种之外的其他人交流。Kendrick强调，这项研究的另一个目标是创建一个更广泛的框架，将所有不同的轮转研究汇集在一起，使科学家能够进行更多的跨物种比较。Kendrick说："我们都坚信这些领域可以相互受益，我们希望这项研究将在未来推动人类和动物之间更多的交流。"）可知，最后一段强调了研究的目标，也就是研究范围。A．Research budget.研究预算；B．Research range.研究范围；C．Research frequency.研究频率；D．Research backgrund.研究背景。故选B项。
本文是说明文。介绍了一项新的研究发现动物似乎也能像人一样，知道在交谈中什么时候该说话，什么时候该听。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
16~20.【答案】C、E、B、D、F
【解析】（1）C.推理判断题。根据上文As winter is past and the days start warming and brightening,it s pssible t start feeling yur md imprved and yu re less weighed dwn by the cld days f winter.（随着冬天的过去，白天开始变暖，变亮，你有可能开始感觉你的情绪得到改善，你不再被寒冷的冬天拖累。）可知，从冬天到春天一切都在变好，所以下文用选项C.Spring is the time f enjying smething fresh. （春天是享受新鲜事物的时候。）告诉我们，春天一切变好，我们也要开始享受春天。故选C项。
（2）E.推理判断题。根据本段主题句Make a plan at the start f spring.（在春天开始时制定一个计划。）可知，本段主要讲制定计划。而选项E.The beginning f spring is the best time t plan.（春天的开始是制定计划的最佳时机。）与主题句有相同的关键词 "plan"，也是对主题句的进一步解释。故选E项。
（3）B.标题归纳题。此句是本段主题句。根据下文This is a gd time t sit back and assess the strengths and weaknesses f yur current living space and t reach a decisin abut whether r nt it culd be imprved thrugh a change in decratin styles r additins thrugh decratins （这是一个很好的可以坐下来评估你目前的生活空间的优缺点的时候，并决定是否可以通过改变装饰风格或通过装饰的添加来改善它。）可知，本段主要讲的是考虑重新装修或翻新生活空间，所以选项B.Cnsider redecratin r renvatin.（请考虑重新装修或翻新。）符合语境。故选 B项。
（4）D.推理判断题。本段的主题句是Spring clean.（春天大扫除。）要填的句子在本段最后一句，选项D.Spring is a great time t d cmplete cleaning.（春天是做彻底大扫除的好时机。）正好对本段所讲的春天大扫除的内容做了一个总结。故选 D项。
（5）F.推理判断题。根据下文Set yurself a gal f little change until suddenly it seems as if a big ne t yu.（为自己设定了一个小的改变目标，直到突然在你看来是一个大的改变。）提出如何改变自己的具体方法，选项 F.The wrld arund yu is starting fresh and s can yu.（你周围的世界正在开始变得新鲜，你也可以。）让你从周围的改变中注意到你自已也是可以改变的。故选F项。
本文是一篇说明文。文中主要为如何享受春天提出了几点建议。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
21~35.【答案】D、C、B、A、A、C、B、D、C、B、B、D、A、D、C
【解析】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A．satisfied使满意；B．assciated联系；C．impressed留下印象；D．annyed使生气。根据下句Tw men（2）at each ther fr an unintentinal push.（两名男子因无意推搡而互相咆哮。）可知公共汽车上坐满了又冷又累的人，他们互相生着气。故选D。
（2）考查动词及语境理解。A.waved挥手；B.ndded点头；C.barked大声嚷；D.sht射击。句意：两名男子因无意推搡而互相咆哮。根据下文"an unintentinal push"和"Anger was in the air"可知，乘客都恼怒对方，两名男子因无意推搡而互相咆哮。故选C。
（3）考查名词及语境理解。A.reminder提醒物；B.seat座位；C.ride乘坐；D.chice选择。句意：一位老妇人上了车，没人给她让座。根据上文"The bus was filled with cld，tired peple"和"An elderly wman gt n"可知，公共汽车上挤满了又冷漠又累的人，一位老妇人上了车，没人给她让座。故选B。
（4）考查名词及语境理解。A.mercy慈悲；B.frtune好运；C.curage勇气；D.security安全。句意：空气中弥漫着愤怒；这里没有慈悲可言。根据上文An elderly wman gt n，and nbdy ffered her a（3）可知，这里没有慈悲可言。故选A。
（5）考查形容词及语境理解。A.tugh艰难的；B.average平均的；C.imprtant重要的；D.fruitful富有成果的。句意：我知道你们今天过得很艰难，很沮丧，但我会帮你们的。根据上文"tired peple"可知，句子表示"我知道你们今天过得很艰难"。故选A。
（6）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.make cmments评论；B.shw up出现；C.help ut帮助……摆脱困难；D.take risks冒风险。句意：我知道你们今天过得很艰难，很沮丧，但我会帮你们的。根据上文"yu are depressed"可知，此处表示"我会帮你们的"，空格处是"帮助……摆脱困难"，呼应下文讲司机想办法让乘客们开心。故选C。
（7）考查名词及语境理解。A.memries记忆；B.trubles烦恼；C.faults过错；D.tips建议。句意：当你们每个人下车前经过的时候，把你们的烦恼丢在我的掌心。根据上文语境可知，疲倦的乘客们因堵车心烦意乱，导致车上弥漫着愤怒情绪，司机想缓和这种情况，所以司机是让乘客把他们的烦恼丢在他的掌心。故选B。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.transfrm使转化；B.stretch拉伸；C.accmpany陪伴；D.cast扔。句意：我的路线正好经过哈德逊河，我要把它们扔进河里。根据上文"drp yur（7）int my palm"可知，此处表示把烦恼扔进河里。故选D。
（9）考查名词及语境理解。A.envy忌妒；B.greed贪婪；C.pleasure快乐；D.pride骄傲。句意：每个人都笑了起来，脸上洋溢着喜悦的光彩。根据上文"Everyne burst ut laughing"可知，每个人都笑了起来，脸上洋溢着喜悦的光彩。故选C。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.suspecting怀疑；B.ignring忽视；C.expecting期待；D.appreciating感激。句意：一直无视对方存在的乘客们突然互相笑了---这家伙是认真的吗？根据上文"The bus was filled with cld，tired peple"和下文"were suddenly grinning （咧嘴笑） at each ther"可知，乘客们一开始都很冷漠，不太可能会注意身边的人，司机提议后，一直无视对方存在的乘客们突然互相笑了。故选B。
（11）考查动词及语境理解。A.rdered命令；B.prmised答应；C.requested要求；D.reprted报道。句意：到了下一站，就像答应过的那样，司机伸出手，掌心朝上，等待着。根据上文"When each f yu walks by befre getting ff，drp yur（7）int my palm （手掌）.My rute ges right by the Hudsn River，int which I'll（8）them"和下文"the driver held ut his hand，palm up，and waited"可知，到了下一站，就像答应过的那样，司机伸出手，掌心朝上，等待着接乘客们的烦恼了。故选B。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.chsen选择；B.fled愚弄；C.sitting坐；D.exiting离去。句意：所有要离开的乘客都做了一个把什么东西扔到他的手掌里的手势。根据上文"befre getting ff"和下文"perfrmed the gesture f drpping smething int his palm"可知，所有要离开的乘客都做了一个把什么东西扔到他的手掌里的手势。故选D。
（13）考查动词及语境理解。A.repeated重复；B.designed设计；C.interpreted解释；D.evaluated评价。句意：司机在接下来的每一站都重复同样的动作。根据下文"the same actin at every stp that fllwed"可知，司机在接下来的每一站都重复同样的动作。故选A。
（14）考查动词及语境理解。A.divide分开；B.explre探索；C.reward奖励；D.brighten使明亮。句意：偶尔我们会陷入灰暗的世界，但总有人能像一线光明一样照亮它，给我们带来希望。根据下文"like a ray f light"可知，总有人能像一线光明一样照亮我们的灰暗世界。故选D。
（15）考查副词及语境理解。A.Hwever然而；B.Instead代替，反而；C.Actually事实上；D.Cnsequently因此。句意：事实上，任何人都有能力照亮别人的黑暗日子。根据下文"anyne pssesses the pwer t shine n thers' dark days"可知，事实上，任何人都有能力照亮别人的黑暗日子，就像司机所做的一样。故选C。
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是一位公交车司机通过让乘客在下车前把烦恼放在他的掌心里，然后他把烦恼拿去扔掉来点亮乘客们的一天，使他们充满希望。
完形填空题的解题步骤：
1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。
36.【答案】【小题1】
is lcated
【小题2】
Nested
【小题3】
shaped
【小题4】
existence
【小题5】
extremely
【小题6】
that
【小题7】
sustainable
【小题8】
an
【小题9】
frm
【小题10】
whse
【解析】1. 句意：鸣沙山位于中国西部的敦煌，是一个热门的旅游景点。描述现状，所以用一般现在时态，lcate和主语之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语为专有名词，故填is lcated。
2. 句意：在高高的沙丘之间，有一处泉水。nest和主语之间是被动关系，所以用动词的-ed形式作状语。句首单词的首字母需大写。故填Nested。
3. 句意：这个泉水形状像月亮，叫做月牙泉。shape和它所修饰的词之间是被动关系，所以用动词的-ed形式作后置定语，故填shaped。
4. 句意：泉的形成和存在与其地形有关。作主语，所以用名词existence，表示抽象概念“形成”，为不可数名词，故填existence。
5. 句意：这里非常干燥，年蒸发量是年降雨量的60多倍。修饰形容词，所以用副词，故填extremely。
6. 句意：这里非常干燥，年蒸发量是年降雨量的60多倍。指代前面的amunt，后面有自己的后置定语，所以用that指代同名不同物的名词单数，故填that。
7. 句意：然而，稳定的水源保证了泉水的持续供水。作定语修饰名词，所以用形容词，故填sustainable。
8. 句意：每当沙尘暴发生时，它就在周围的沙山之间形成向上的气流，将山脚下的沙子送回沙山顶部，避免被流沙吞噬。泛指一个，所以用不定冠词，upward是以元音音素开头的，故填an。
9. 句意：每当沙尘暴发生时，它就在周围的沙山之间形成向上的气流，将山脚下的沙子送回沙山顶部，避免被流沙吞噬。save sb.frm“拯救某人免受”，为固定搭配。故填frm。
10. 句意：月牙泉的地形和景观非常独特，成为一个浪漫的景点。先行词为物，在非限制性定语从句中作定语修饰名词，故填whse。
37.【答案】 "What's wrng, Asiri?" asked his mther. "I spilled the sequins!" he blurted, almst in tears. "Did yu clean them up?" she asked. "N." Asiri answered. "G back and clean them up," she said with a wave f her hand. "Uncle Thad will expect yu t." Asiri shk his head. But he knew it was nly right t clean up a mess he'd made. It was ne f Uncle Thad's wrkshp rules. Hearing mther's wrds, Asiri knew what he shuld d. He walked twards the wrkshp with heart in his muth.
Reaching the wrkshp, Asiri fund the sequins were still there. They lay scat-tered acrss the flr, waiting fr him. Asiri gathered the sequins int a pile and swept them int a dust pan. Carefully, he shk it, separating the dust frm the se-quins. Only when the last sequin slipped int the bx did Asiri glance up. Uncle Thad std in the drway with his arms crssed. Crssing the rm, he squeezed Asiri's shulder. "Gd wrkers always clean up after themselves." He clapped his hands. "Nw, cme. There are cstumes t finish and sequins t sew."
【解析】一、文意梳理
【原文大意】
本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了萨德叔叔和他的团队正忙着为康提市举行的最大节日埃萨拉•佩拉赫拉制作服装，阿西里希望他能在游行中最重要的大象的服装上缝一个亮片，但是当萨德叔叔吩咐他把那盒金色的亮片拿给他时，盒子打翻在地，阿西里很尴尬跑回了家，妈妈问明原委，让他回去收拾好烂摊子，当阿西里认真把亮片捡回到盒子后，萨德叔叔让他加入了缝亮片的工作。
【段落续写】
①由第一段首句内容“‘怎么了，阿西里？’他妈妈问。”可知，第一段可描写妈妈询问阿西里发生的事情，要阿西里回去收拾残局。
②由第二段首句内容“到了车间，阿西里发现亮片还在那里。”可知，第二段可描写阿西里认真收拾亮片，认为好工人总是自己打扫卫生的萨德叔叔看着阿西里一举一动，最终让他加入了缝亮片的工作。
二、线索厘清
【续写线索】
妈妈询问原委——阿西里回车间——阿西里收拾残局——萨德叔叔叫阿西里缝亮片
【词汇激活】
行为类
①走向：walk twards/head fr
②回家：answer/reply
③等待：wait fr/await
情绪类
①心都提到嘴边了：with heart in his muth / with the heart n the tip f his tngue
②抬起眼睛望着：glance up /lk up
三、范文鉴赏
【高分句式】
①Hearing mther's wrds, Asiri knew what he shuld d.（动词的-ing形式作状语；what引导的宾语从句）
②Only when the last sequin slipped int the bx did Asiri glance up.（倒装句）
38.【答案】
【解析】
一、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共37.5分。
A
Cuntry Bm
July 7-9 at Cuntry Bm|Ages 16+Only
3-Day GA（General Admissin） Ticket includes access t the cncert grunds thrughut the entire weekend（Thursday,Friday,&Saturday）.It als allws access t public fd,drink,game,and sme feathered gds.General Admissin des nt allw access t the tw campsites.VIP areas and party Pit.
Welcme T Rckville
July 19-22 at Daytnalnternatinal Speedway|Ages 14+Only
It is a fur-day hard rck and heavy metal music festival that will take place in July this year.In 2021，this festival returned n Nvember 11-14，n its 10th year,at the same hme,the Daytna Internatinal Speedway in Daytna Beach,Flrida.This even set a recrd attendance f 161，000 peple,making it the biggest rck festival in America that year.
Tidal Wave Festival
August 12-14 at Tidal Wave Music Festival|Ages 8+Only
The 3-Day GA Ticket allws admittance fr the three days f the Festival and includes：3 days f music and beach.It ffers unlimited access t all the 30 perfrmances and activities.Lw-priced suvenirs（纪念品），free water refill statins,shaded areas and cell phne charging statins are als available.Free general admissin is ffered t children wh are 8，but they must be accmpanied by a ticketed adult.
Bts and Hearts Music Festival
Sept 4-7 at Burls Creek Event Grunds|Ages 18+Only
It is a fur-day cuntry music and camping festival prduced by Republic Live Inc.The festival is held
yearly at the custm-designed festival grunds,But's Creek Event Grunds in Ontari,Canada.In additin t wnderful cuntry music,yu als have chance t cheer fr big names n the stage.Night parties and night camping are awaiting yu.
1.Which f the fllwing was America's biggest rck festival in 2021？ ______
A. Cuntry Bm.B. Welcme T Rckville.
C. Tidal Wave Festival.D. Bts and Hearts Music Festival.
2.What can an 8-year-ld child enjy at Tidal Wave Festival？ ______
A. A free suvenir.B. A free cell phne.
C. Free GA.D. Public fd.
3.What makes Bts and Hearts Music Festival attractive？ ______
A. GA t VIP areas and party Pit.B. Free access t all perfrmances.
C. Hard rck and heavy metal music.D. Meeting sme well-knwn stars.
B
Marissa Sumathipala，a student at Brad Run High Schl utside f Washingtn，D.C，was practicing with her recreatinal figure-skating team when she crashed with anther skater.Her head hit against the ice heavily.Everything went black.
Up t that pint，Sumathipala's entire life had centred arund her sprt —her daily schedule，exercise rutine，even her diet.She had hpes f making the 2018 Olympic team.The fall n the ice wuld change everything，including her directin.
Sumathipala had a brain injury and it ended her skating career.Symptms lasted fr years.Her memry felt unclear at times.She'd find herself dizzy，sick，r exhausted.Sumathipala cnsulted dctrs，s many that she "lst cunt." But n ne had answers.
Sumathipala began t realize that there was s much unknwn abut the brain.She set ut t find the answers herself，a path that wuld eventually bring her t Harvard University，where she'd cncentrate in the human brain.Thrughut her fur years，Surmathipala hmed in n brain science.She wrked with the McCarrll Lab at Harvard Medical Schl，helping develp a new methd fr sequencing synapses （神经突序列） in the brain，which are crucial fr memry and learning.Even as an undergraduate，her clleagues were s struck by hw mature her thinking already was abut science that she quickly became a trusted and valued member f the lab.
Als，Sumathipala cmpeted with the Harvard Figure Skating Club all fur years.She helped increase its membership and intrduced new skaters t the sprt she still lves. "I spent a lng time struggling with my identity，" she said. "Grwing up I was just a skater and then，when I gt injured，I had t rebuild my identity.Then I was a scientist.Nw，I identify as being bth a skater and a scientist."
Reflecting n her years at Harvard，Sumathipala said ne f the things she's mst grateful fr is seeing hw things have cme full circle fr her.
4.What d we knw abut Sumathipala's injury？ ______
A. It stpped her skating eventually.
B. It led t her lss f eyesight.
C. It changed her life directin.
D. It was easily cured by dctrs.
5.In what way did Sumathipala think she culd find the answer t her disease？ ______
A. Turning t dctrs.B. G n practicing.
C. Rebuilding her identity.D. Ding research n brain herself.
6.What des the underlined phrase "hmed in n" in paragraph 4 prbably mean？ ______
A. fcused nB. returned tC. attended tD. stayed at
7.What made things cme full circle fr Sumathipala？ ______
A. Deep lve fr figure skating.
B. Her determinatin t achieve life gals.
C. The praise frm her lab clleagues.
D. Gd relatinship with new skaters.
C
While it thrws ut abut 90 punds f fd per persn every year，Japan desn't rank at the tp f the wrld's list f wasteful natins.Still，what's thrwn away represents a serius prblem fr an island natin with limited landfill space and a gal f greater sustainability.Reinventin can ffer an alternative.A Japanese cmpany is taking vegetable peels，cking il and ther used fdstuffs and making entirely different prducts.
Cncrete is the mst widely used cnstructin material in the wrld，and its key element，cement，is a majr plluter f greenhuse emissins.S what if a mre sustainable alterative were pssible by making cement with fd waste，which als wuld help reduce greenhuse emissins frm landfills where that waste wuld therwise be thrwn away？That's the idea behind Fabula，a Tky-based start-up.
Researchers at Fabula created a recipe t make fd cncrete by drying leftvers and pressing them int a mld （模具） at a high temperature.The cmpany，funded by researchers at the University f Tky，began with items cmmnly thrwn away like cabbage and range peels but fund that almst any fd item can be used.It nw takes mstly cffee grunds and tea leaves t make its cement.The prduct's durability depends n the cmpnents.
Fabula is currently prducing made-t-rder husehld items，such as casters and dishes，while awaiting its patent.The gal is t make furniture and larger structures nce the technlgy is able t make the cement mre durable.Fd prductin cmpanies that can't avid generating waste during their prcesses have reached ut t wrk with the cmpany. "We hpe t becme a matching service between cmpanies that have fd waste and cmpanies wh want t build things ut f such materials，" said Takuma Oishi，Fabula's chief cmmercial fficer.
Since the cement is 100 percent eatable，it culd create pprtunities during disaster respnse when temprary structures need t be built quickly.The peple inside might even turn t them fr fd.If the technlgy advances enugh，Oishi suggested，smeday we may be able "t eat the hmes r furniture when necessary".
8.Which prblem Japan faces is mentined in paragraph 1？ ______
A. Fd waste.B. Garbage littering.
C. Energy crisis.D. Envirnmental pllutin.
9.What's the initial thught f Fabula？ ______
A. Using fd remains in recipes.
B. Finding a cheaper alternative t landfills.
C. Making a nvel building material frm leftvers.
D. Cutting greenhuse gases by recycling hme devices.
10.What's paragraph 3 mainly abut？ ______
A. The diversity f fd surces.
B. The prspects f the cmpany.
C. The innvatin f a traditinal cuisine.
D. The prcess f develping fd cncrete.
11.Hw is fd cncrete different frm cmmn cnstructin materials？ ______
A. It can fill stmachs.B. It's slid and lasting.
C. It can prevent disasters.D. It's delicate but cst-free.
D
A gd cnversatin shuld prceed like a tennis match：players each take turns respnding，knwing instinctively （本能） when t speak and when t listen.This kind f cmplicated and back-and-frth talk is ften cnsidered t be pssessed nly by humans.Hwever，accrding t a recent study，animals als seem t knw when t speak and when t listen.
The study invlved ver 300 animals including birds，mammals （哺乳动物），insects，and frgs which practice turn-taking behavir.These animals alternate their call and respnse in a similar way humans cmmunicate.Mnkeys，fr example，ften exchange calls t lcate each ther in the wild and figure ut whether they knw ne anther.
While frms f cmmunicatin are mstly sund-based，several species have mre creative frms f viewable cmmunicatin.Baby mnkeys let their parents knw they want t be carried with arm gestures，while birds，insects and frgs can get their messages acrss thrugh clrful displays.
Kbin Kendrick，the main c-authr n the study，says that making cmparisns amng animals that take turns when cmmunicating can give us a better understanding f hw this feature evlved in humans and ur ancestrs. "We knw very little abut the evlutin and rigin f the human language，s any pssibility f gaining insight int it is wrth ging after，" he says.
Additinally，while the idea f turn-taking might bring t mind a picture f rderly，well-mannered animals，Kendrick stresses that this isn't always the case.Owl （猫头鹰） chicks may try t utd each ther by making luder sunds in an effrt t attract favr frm their mthers during feeding. "This can be seen as an exceptin t the rule，highlighting the imprtance f turn-taking in general，" says Kendrick.
One prblem with the study is that researchers themselves dn't knw hw t cmmunicate with thers utside their particular species f interest.Kendrick stresses anther gal f the study is t create a wider framewrk that can bring tgether all the different researches n turn-taking，allwing scientists t cnduct mre crss-species cmparisns. "We all believe strngly these fields can benefit frm each ther，and we hpe the study will drive mre crsstalk between humans and animals in the future，" says Kendrick.
12.What can we learn abut the turn-taking behavir？ ______
A. It is a unique human quality.
B. It is an acquired athletic skill.
C. It ccurs between familiar relatins.
D. It features cmplexity and interactin.
13.Which f the fllwing is a frm f visual intercmmunicatin？ ______
A. Frgs shw skin clrs.B. Bees release smells.
C. Eagles scream in the sky.D. Mnkeys exchange calls.
14.Why are "wl chicks" mentined in paragraph 5？ ______
A. T prpse a definitin.B. T give a cntrast.
C. T present an argument.D. T make a predictin.
15.What aspect f research des the last paragraph highlight？ ______
A. Research budget.B. Research range.
C. Research frequency.D. Research backgrund.
二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共12.5分。
Hw t Enjy Spring As winter is past and the days start warming and brightening,it's pssible t start feeling yur md imprved and yu're less weighed dwn by the cld days f winter.(16)And indeed it is the time t renew yur gals,refresh yur hme,and unearth yur garden.As the ever-grwing days invite yu t spend mre time utside,yu'll easily find many ways t keep yu utside f the huse enjying the fresh spring days.
Make a plan at the start f spring.(17)Whether it's gardening,spring cleaning,learning smething new,having a makever,rganizing renvatins（翻新），r anther activity suited t a seasn f renewal,planning fr it will help yu t make the mst f the spring mnths.
(18) This is a gd time t sit back and assess the strengths and weaknesses f yur current living space and t reach a decisin abut whether r nt it culd be imprved thrugh a change in decratin styles r additins thrugh decratins.
Spring clean.This age-ld traditin f clearing away the dust f winter will give yur huse a fresh beginning fr the warmer mnths ahead and make the huse and surrunds mre inviting and enjyable fr yu and yur family and friends.(19)Take time t ntice the changes arund yu.Listen t the birds sing and watch the plant life arund yu emerge（显露），sht up,and finally start t blssm（开花）. (20) Set yurself a gal f little change until suddenly it seems as if a big ne t yu.
A.Make a decisin abut the mve.
B.Cnsider redecratin r renvatin.
C.Spring is the time f enjying smething fresh.
D.Spring is a great time t d cmplete cleaning.
E.The beginning f spring is the best time t plan.
F.The wrld arund yu is starting fresh and s can yu.
G.Spring is the perfect time t set the pace fr the warmth.
16.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
17.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
18.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
19.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
20.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
三、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共15分。
Sme years ag，I was stuck n a crsstwn bus during rush hur.The bus was filled with cld，tired peple（1） ______ with ne anther.Tw men（2） ______ at each ther fr an unintentinal push.An elderly wman gt n，and nbdy ffered her a（3） ______ .Anger was in the air；n（4） ______ culd be fund here.
As the bus apprached Seventh Avenue，the driver's wrds came frm the speaker. "Flks，" he said. "I knw yu've had a（n）（5） ______ day and that yu are depressed，but I will（6） ______ .When each f yu walks by befre getting ff，drp yur（7） ______ int my palm （手掌）.My rute ges right by the Hudsn River，int which I'll（8） ______ them."
It seemed as if a spell had lifted.Everyne burst ut laughing，their faces shining with（9） ______ .The passengers wh had been（10） ______ each ther's existence were suddenly grinning （咧嘴笑） at each ther — is this guy serius？
At the next stp，just as（11） ______ ，the driver held ut his hand，palm up，and waited.All the（12） ______ passengers perfrmed the gesture f drpping smething int his palm.The driver（13） ______ the same actin at every stp that fllwed.
Occasinally we may sink int a grey wrld，but smene can （14） ______ it like a ray f light，shwing us hpe.What if we are the light？（15） ______ ，anyne pssesses the pwer t shine n thers' dark days.
21.A. satisfiedB. assciatedC. impressedD. annyed
22.A. wavedB. nddedC. barkedD. sht
23.A. reminderB. seatC. rideD. chice
24.A. mercyB. frtuneC. curageD. security
25.A. tughB. averageC. imprtantD. fruitful
26.A. make cmmentsB. shw upC. help utD. take risks
27.A. memriesB. trublesC. faultsD. tips
28.A. transfrmB. stretchC. accmpanyD. cast
29.A. envyB. greedC. pleasureD. pride
30.A. suspectingB. ignringC. expectingD. appreciating
31.A. rderedB. prmisedC. requestedD. reprted
32.A. chsenB. fledC. sittingD. exiting
33.A. repeatedB. designedC. interpretedD. evaluated
34.A. divideB. explreC. rewardD. brighten
35.A. HweverB. InsteadC. ActuallyD. Cnsequently
四、语法填空：本大题共1小题，共15分。
36. The Singing Sands Muntain, as a ht turist attractin, (1) (lcate) in Dunhuang in Western China. As yu walk thrugh the quicksand r slide dwn a sand muntain, smetimes yu can hear lud nises frm beneath yur feet. This is hw it gt the name "The Singing Sands Muntain".
(2) (nest) between the tall sand muntains, there lies a spring. It has existed fr thusands f years and never dried up. The spring, (3) (shape) like a mn, is called the Crescent Spring(月牙泉).
The frmatin and (4) (exist) f the spring are related t its landfrm. The flwing water cmes tgether here and verflws thrugh a gelgical layer t frm the Crescent Spring. It's (5) (extreme) dry here, with the amunt f annual evapratin(蒸发) being mre than 60 times (6) f the annual rainfall. Hwever, the stable water surce ensures a (7) (sustain) water supply t the spring.
The Crescent Spring is als due t the lw-lying terrain(地势). Whenever there is a sandstrm, it frms (8) upward air flw between the surrunding sand muntains t send the sand at the ft back t the tp f the sand muntain and saves it (9) being swallwed by quicksand. The Crescent Spring, (10) terrain and landscape are really distinctive, has becme a rmantic scenic spt.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、任务型读写：本大题共1小题，共25分。
37.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Just like n every break, Asiri wuld g with his uncle t his wrkshp, wh made cstumes fr elephants! Asiri had been asking t help make the cstumes. But he'd been tld he was t little t sew the fine stitches(缝线) needed fr the cstumes.
Waiting fr Uncle Thad, Asiri smthed his practice piece beside him. Acrss it he had sewn, pulled ut, and resewn stitches just as Uncle Thad had taught him. He culdn't wait t shw it t his uncle.
When his uncle finally came ver, Asiri leapt frm his seat. "Lk, Uncle," said Asiri, hlding up the stitched clth. "These are fine stitches, Asiri," said Uncle Thad. "Just right t fix sequins(亮片)." Tgether they walked t the wrkshp.
Uncle Thad and his team were busy making the cstumes. They had t be ready fr Esala Perahera, the biggest festival held in the city f Kandy. Since the elephants were the stars f the parade, their cstumes had t be dazzling. He especially lved the sequins sewn n them that made them sparkle.
Uncle Thad, his team, and nw Asiri, wuld finish the cstumes. Asiri hped he'd get t sew a sequin nt the cstume fr the mst imprtant elephant in the parade. After lunch, Asiri was putting away a piece f clth when his uncle called. "Asiri? Please bring me the bx f glden sequins."
Here was his chance, thught Asiri. He'd bring the bx t Uncle Thad and then ask t sew ne n. Uncle Thad was sure t say yes. Asiri lifted the bx frm the shelf but turned a little t quickly, and the bx was turned ver, leaving the glden sequins n the flr. Uncle Thad turned t stare—first at Asiri and then at the glden sequins. Asiri felt his cheeks turning red. Nw, Uncle Thad wuld never let him sew a single sequin n the cstumes this year. Asiri dashed ut f the dr, dwn the street, and all the way back hme. Hearing the rush f his ftsteps, Asiri's mther came t the dr.
注意：
（1）续写的词数应为150左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
"What's wrng, Asiri?" asked his mther.
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Reaching the wrkshp, Asiri fund the sequins were still there.
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六、书面表达：本大题共1小题，共15分。
38.
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、C、D
【解析】（1）B.推理判断题。根据Welcme T Rckville 部分This even set a recrd attendance f 161 ，000 peple,making it the biggest rck festival in America that year. （这甚至创造了16.1万人参加的记录，使它成为当年美国最大的摇滚音乐节。）可知，Welcme T Rckville 是2021年美国最大的摇滚音乐节。故选B。
（2）C.细节理解题。根据Tidal Wave Festival 部分Free general admissin is ffered t children wh are 8 ，but they must be accmpanied by a ticketed adult. （8岁的儿童免费入场，但必须有持票的成人陪同。）可知，Tidal Wave Festival 给八岁的儿童免门票。故选C。
（3）D.细节理解题。根据Bts and Hearts Music Festival 部分In additin t wnderful cuntry music,yu als have chance t cheer fr big names n the stage.Night parties and night camping are awaiting yu. （除了美妙的乡村音乐外，你还有机会为舞台上的大明星欢呼）可知，能遇见一些著名的明星使Bts and Hearts音乐节吸引人。故选D。
本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了今年将要举办的四个音乐节。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
4~7.【答案】C、D、A、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段The fall n the ice wuld change everything，including her directin.（摔倒在冰上会改变一切，包括她的方向。）可知，苏马蒂帕拉的受伤改变了她的人生方向。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第四段Sumathipala began t realize that there was s much unknwn abut the brain.She set ut t find the answers herself，a path that wuld eventually bring her t Harvard University，where she'd cncentrate in the human brain.（苏马提帕拉开始意识到，关于大脑有很多未知的东西。她开始自己寻找答案，这条路最终会把她带到哈佛大学，在那里她会专注于人脑。）可知，她认为通过专注于人脑研究会帮助她找到答案。故选D。
（3）词义猜测题。根据第四段She set ut t find the answers herself，a path that wuld eventually bring her t Harvard University，where she'd cncentrate in the human brain. （她开始自己寻找答案，这条路最终会把她带到哈佛大学，在那里她会专注于人脑。）可知，下文"Surmathipala hmed in n brain science"中划线短语词义与cncentrate接近。A.fcused n专注于；B.returned t回到；C.attended t照顾，处理；D.stayed at停留在。A项fcus n词义与划线短语最接近。故选A。
（4）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Grwing up I was just a skater and then，when I gt injured，I had t rebuild my identity.Then I was a scientist.Nw，I identify as being bth a skater and a scientist.（在成长过程中，我只是一名滑冰运动员，然后，当我受伤时，我必须重建我的身份。然后我是一名科学家。现在，我既是一名滑冰运动员，也是一名科学家。）可知，这些事情在她身上实现了完整的循环是因为她实现目标的决心：成长过程中，目标是入选2018年奥运会代表队；受伤后，目标是找到大脑问题的答案。故选B。
本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了高中生玛丽莎•苏马蒂帕拉在与练习花样滑冰时与另一名滑冰运动员相撞，导致脑部受伤，记忆受损。后来，她自己专注于人脑研究，与哈佛医学院麦卡罗尔实验室合作，帮助开发了一种新方法，对大脑中对记忆和学习至关重要的突触进行排序。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
8~11.【答案】A、C、D、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段While it thrws ut abut 90 punds f fd per persn every year，Japan desn't rank at the tp f the wrld's list f wasteful natins.Still，what's thrwn away represents a serius prblem fr an island natin with limited landfill space and a gal f greater sustainability.（虽然日本每年人均浪费约90磅食物，但在世界浪费国家排行榜上却并不名列前茅。尽管如此，对于一个垃圾填埋空间有限、目标是更大的可持续性的岛国来说，被丢弃的垃圾仍然是一个严重的问题。）可知，第一段中提到了日本面临食物垃圾的问题。A．Fd waste.食物垃圾；B．Garbage littering.乱扔垃圾；C．Energy crisis.能源危机；D．Envirnmental pllutin.环境污染。故答案为A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段Cncrete is the mst widely used cnstructin material in the wrld，and its key element，cement，is a majr plluter f greenhuse emissins.S what if a mre sustainable alterative were pssible by making cement with fd waste，which als wuld help reduce greenhuse emissins frm landfills where that waste wuld therwise be thrwn away？（混凝土是世界上使用最广泛的建筑材料，其关键成分水泥是温室气体排放的主要污染源。那么，如果有一种更可持续的替代方法，用食物垃圾制造水泥，这也有助于减少垃圾填埋场的温室气体排放，否则垃圾就会被丢弃。）可知，Fabula最初的想法是用食物垃圾制作一种新型建筑材料。故答案为C。
（3）段落大意题。根据第三段Researchers at Fabula created a recipe t make fd cncrete by drying leftvers and pressing them int a mld （模具） at a high temperature.（Fabula的研究人员发明了一种配方，通过干燥剩菜剩饭，并在高温下将其压入模具中，使食物变成混凝土。）和第二句began with items cmmnly thrwn away like cabbage and range peels but fund that almst any fd item can be used（从经常被扔掉的东西开始，比如卷心菜和橘子皮，但发现几乎任何食物都可以使用）以及第三句It nw takes mstly cffee grunds and tea leaves t make its cement.（现在它主要用咖啡渣和茶叶来制造水泥。）可知，第三段主要是讲研制食品混凝土的过程。因此D．The prcess f develping fd cncrete.（食品混凝土的开发过程。）是第三段的段落大意。故答案为D。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段Since the cement is 100 percent eatable，it culd create pprtunities during disaster respnse when temprary structures need t be built quickly.（由于这种水泥是100%可食用的，当需要快速建造临时建筑时，它可以在救灾过程中创造机会）可知，食品混凝土与普通建筑材料的不同之处是它能填饱肚子。因此A．It can fill stmachs.（可以填饱肚子。）符合题意。故答案为A。
这是一篇说明文。对于日本严重的食物垃圾问题，东京初创企业Fabula提出用食物垃圾制作一种新型建筑材料。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
12~15.【答案】D、A、B、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段A gd cnversatin shuld prceed like a tennis match：players each take turns respnding，knwing instinctively when t speak and when t listen.This kind f cmplicated and back-and-frth talk is ften cnsidered t be pssessed nly by humans.（一场好的谈话应该像一场网球比赛一样进行：球员们轮流做出反应，本能地知道什么时候该说，什么时候该听。这种复杂而反复的谈话通常被认为只有人类才拥有）可知，我们能从轮流行为中了解到，它具有复杂性和交互性。故选D项。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段While frms f cmmunicatin are mstly sund-based，several species have mre creative frms f viewable cmmunicatin.Baby mnkeys let their parents knw they want t be carried with arm gestures，while birds，insects and frgs can get their messages acrss thrugh clrful displays.（虽然交流形式主要是基于声音，但一些物种有更有创意的可视交流形式。猴子宝宝用手势让父母知道它们想被抱着，而鸟类、昆虫和青蛙可以通过彩色的展示来传达信息）可知，青蛙展示皮肤颜色属于视觉交流的一种形式。故选A项。
（3）推理判断题。根据第五段Additinally，while the idea f turn-taking might bring t mind a picture f rderly，well-mannered animals，Kendrick stresses that this isn't always the case.Owl chicks may try t utd each ther by making luder sunds in an effrt t attract favr frm their mthers during feeding. "This can be seen as an exceptin t the rule，highlighting the imprtance f turn-taking in general，" says Kendrick.（此外，虽然轮流的想法可能会让人想到一幅有序、彬彬有礼的动物画面，但肯德里克强调，情况并非总是如此。在喂食过程中，猫头鹰雏鸟可能会试图通过发出更大的声音来吸引母亲的青睐。Kendrick说："这可以被视为规则的一个例外，突出了轮流的重要性。"）可知，第5段提到了"wl chicks"是为了和有序、彬彬有礼的动物画面做对比。A．T prpse a definitin.提出一个定义；B．T give a cntrast.来做个对比；C．T present an argument.提出论点；D．T make a predictin.做一个预测。故选B项。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段One prblem with the study is that researchers themselves dn't knw hw t cmmunicate with thers utside their particular species f interest.Kendrick stresses anther gal f the study is t create a wider framewrk that can bring tgether all the different researches n turn-taking，allwing scientists t cnduct mre crss-species cmparisns. "We all believe strngly these fields can benefit frm each ther，and we hpe the study will drive mre crsstalk between humans and animals in the future，" says Kendrick.（这项研究的一个问题是，研究人员自己不知道如何与他们感兴趣的特定物种之外的其他人交流。Kendrick强调，这项研究的另一个目标是创建一个更广泛的框架，将所有不同的轮转研究汇集在一起，使科学家能够进行更多的跨物种比较。Kendrick说："我们都坚信这些领域可以相互受益，我们希望这项研究将在未来推动人类和动物之间更多的交流。"）可知，最后一段强调了研究的目标，也就是研究范围。A．Research budget.研究预算；B．Research range.研究范围；C．Research frequency.研究频率；D．Research backgrund.研究背景。故选B项。
本文是说明文。介绍了一项新的研究发现动物似乎也能像人一样，知道在交谈中什么时候该说话，什么时候该听。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
16~20.【答案】C、E、B、D、F
【解析】（1）C.推理判断题。根据上文As winter is past and the days start warming and brightening,it s pssible t start feeling yur md imprved and yu re less weighed dwn by the cld days f winter.（随着冬天的过去，白天开始变暖，变亮，你有可能开始感觉你的情绪得到改善，你不再被寒冷的冬天拖累。）可知，从冬天到春天一切都在变好，所以下文用选项C.Spring is the time f enjying smething fresh. （春天是享受新鲜事物的时候。）告诉我们，春天一切变好，我们也要开始享受春天。故选C项。
（2）E.推理判断题。根据本段主题句Make a plan at the start f spring.（在春天开始时制定一个计划。）可知，本段主要讲制定计划。而选项E.The beginning f spring is the best time t plan.（春天的开始是制定计划的最佳时机。）与主题句有相同的关键词 "plan"，也是对主题句的进一步解释。故选E项。
（3）B.标题归纳题。此句是本段主题句。根据下文This is a gd time t sit back and assess the strengths and weaknesses f yur current living space and t reach a decisin abut whether r nt it culd be imprved thrugh a change in decratin styles r additins thrugh decratins （这是一个很好的可以坐下来评估你目前的生活空间的优缺点的时候，并决定是否可以通过改变装饰风格或通过装饰的添加来改善它。）可知，本段主要讲的是考虑重新装修或翻新生活空间，所以选项B.Cnsider redecratin r renvatin.（请考虑重新装修或翻新。）符合语境。故选 B项。
（4）D.推理判断题。本段的主题句是Spring clean.（春天大扫除。）要填的句子在本段最后一句，选项D.Spring is a great time t d cmplete cleaning.（春天是做彻底大扫除的好时机。）正好对本段所讲的春天大扫除的内容做了一个总结。故选 D项。
（5）F.推理判断题。根据下文Set yurself a gal f little change until suddenly it seems as if a big ne t yu.（为自己设定了一个小的改变目标，直到突然在你看来是一个大的改变。）提出如何改变自己的具体方法，选项 F.The wrld arund yu is starting fresh and s can yu.（你周围的世界正在开始变得新鲜，你也可以。）让你从周围的改变中注意到你自已也是可以改变的。故选F项。
本文是一篇说明文。文中主要为如何享受春天提出了几点建议。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
21~35.【答案】D、C、B、A、A、C、B、D、C、B、B、D、A、D、C
【解析】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A．satisfied使满意；B．assciated联系；C．impressed留下印象；D．annyed使生气。根据下句Tw men（2）at each ther fr an unintentinal push.（两名男子因无意推搡而互相咆哮。）可知公共汽车上坐满了又冷又累的人，他们互相生着气。故选D。
（2）考查动词及语境理解。A.waved挥手；B.ndded点头；C.barked大声嚷；D.sht射击。句意：两名男子因无意推搡而互相咆哮。根据下文"an unintentinal push"和"Anger was in the air"可知，乘客都恼怒对方，两名男子因无意推搡而互相咆哮。故选C。
（3）考查名词及语境理解。A.reminder提醒物；B.seat座位；C.ride乘坐；D.chice选择。句意：一位老妇人上了车，没人给她让座。根据上文"The bus was filled with cld，tired peple"和"An elderly wman gt n"可知，公共汽车上挤满了又冷漠又累的人，一位老妇人上了车，没人给她让座。故选B。
（4）考查名词及语境理解。A.mercy慈悲；B.frtune好运；C.curage勇气；D.security安全。句意：空气中弥漫着愤怒；这里没有慈悲可言。根据上文An elderly wman gt n，and nbdy ffered her a（3）可知，这里没有慈悲可言。故选A。
（5）考查形容词及语境理解。A.tugh艰难的；B.average平均的；C.imprtant重要的；D.fruitful富有成果的。句意：我知道你们今天过得很艰难，很沮丧，但我会帮你们的。根据上文"tired peple"可知，句子表示"我知道你们今天过得很艰难"。故选A。
（6）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.make cmments评论；B.shw up出现；C.help ut帮助……摆脱困难；D.take risks冒风险。句意：我知道你们今天过得很艰难，很沮丧，但我会帮你们的。根据上文"yu are depressed"可知，此处表示"我会帮你们的"，空格处是"帮助……摆脱困难"，呼应下文讲司机想办法让乘客们开心。故选C。
（7）考查名词及语境理解。A.memries记忆；B.trubles烦恼；C.faults过错；D.tips建议。句意：当你们每个人下车前经过的时候，把你们的烦恼丢在我的掌心。根据上文语境可知，疲倦的乘客们因堵车心烦意乱，导致车上弥漫着愤怒情绪，司机想缓和这种情况，所以司机是让乘客把他们的烦恼丢在他的掌心。故选B。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.transfrm使转化；B.stretch拉伸；C.accmpany陪伴；D.cast扔。句意：我的路线正好经过哈德逊河，我要把它们扔进河里。根据上文"drp yur（7）int my palm"可知，此处表示把烦恼扔进河里。故选D。
（9）考查名词及语境理解。A.envy忌妒；B.greed贪婪；C.pleasure快乐；D.pride骄傲。句意：每个人都笑了起来，脸上洋溢着喜悦的光彩。根据上文"Everyne burst ut laughing"可知，每个人都笑了起来，脸上洋溢着喜悦的光彩。故选C。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.suspecting怀疑；B.ignring忽视；C.expecting期待；D.appreciating感激。句意：一直无视对方存在的乘客们突然互相笑了---这家伙是认真的吗？根据上文"The bus was filled with cld，tired peple"和下文"were suddenly grinning （咧嘴笑） at each ther"可知，乘客们一开始都很冷漠，不太可能会注意身边的人，司机提议后，一直无视对方存在的乘客们突然互相笑了。故选B。
（11）考查动词及语境理解。A.rdered命令；B.prmised答应；C.requested要求；D.reprted报道。句意：到了下一站，就像答应过的那样，司机伸出手，掌心朝上，等待着。根据上文"When each f yu walks by befre getting ff，drp yur（7）int my palm （手掌）.My rute ges right by the Hudsn River，int which I'll（8）them"和下文"the driver held ut his hand，palm up，and waited"可知，到了下一站，就像答应过的那样，司机伸出手，掌心朝上，等待着接乘客们的烦恼了。故选B。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.chsen选择；B.fled愚弄；C.sitting坐；D.exiting离去。句意：所有要离开的乘客都做了一个把什么东西扔到他的手掌里的手势。根据上文"befre getting ff"和下文"perfrmed the gesture f drpping smething int his palm"可知，所有要离开的乘客都做了一个把什么东西扔到他的手掌里的手势。故选D。
（13）考查动词及语境理解。A.repeated重复；B.designed设计；C.interpreted解释；D.evaluated评价。句意：司机在接下来的每一站都重复同样的动作。根据下文"the same actin at every stp that fllwed"可知，司机在接下来的每一站都重复同样的动作。故选A。
（14）考查动词及语境理解。A.divide分开；B.explre探索；C.reward奖励；D.brighten使明亮。句意：偶尔我们会陷入灰暗的世界，但总有人能像一线光明一样照亮它，给我们带来希望。根据下文"like a ray f light"可知，总有人能像一线光明一样照亮我们的灰暗世界。故选D。
（15）考查副词及语境理解。A.Hwever然而；B.Instead代替，反而；C.Actually事实上；D.Cnsequently因此。句意：事实上，任何人都有能力照亮别人的黑暗日子。根据下文"anyne pssesses the pwer t shine n thers' dark days"可知，事实上，任何人都有能力照亮别人的黑暗日子，就像司机所做的一样。故选C。
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是一位公交车司机通过让乘客在下车前把烦恼放在他的掌心里，然后他把烦恼拿去扔掉来点亮乘客们的一天，使他们充满希望。
完形填空题的解题步骤：
1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。
36.【答案】【小题1】
is lcated
【小题2】
Nested
【小题3】
shaped
【小题4】
existence
【小题5】
extremely
【小题6】
that
【小题7】
sustainable
【小题8】
an
【小题9】
frm
【小题10】
whse
【解析】1. 句意：鸣沙山位于中国西部的敦煌，是一个热门的旅游景点。描述现状，所以用一般现在时态，lcate和主语之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语为专有名词，故填is lcated。
2. 句意：在高高的沙丘之间，有一处泉水。nest和主语之间是被动关系，所以用动词的-ed形式作状语。句首单词的首字母需大写。故填Nested。
3. 句意：这个泉水形状像月亮，叫做月牙泉。shape和它所修饰的词之间是被动关系，所以用动词的-ed形式作后置定语，故填shaped。
4. 句意：泉的形成和存在与其地形有关。作主语，所以用名词existence，表示抽象概念“形成”，为不可数名词，故填existence。
5. 句意：这里非常干燥，年蒸发量是年降雨量的60多倍。修饰形容词，所以用副词，故填extremely。
6. 句意：这里非常干燥，年蒸发量是年降雨量的60多倍。指代前面的amunt，后面有自己的后置定语，所以用that指代同名不同物的名词单数，故填that。
7. 句意：然而，稳定的水源保证了泉水的持续供水。作定语修饰名词，所以用形容词，故填sustainable。
8. 句意：每当沙尘暴发生时，它就在周围的沙山之间形成向上的气流，将山脚下的沙子送回沙山顶部，避免被流沙吞噬。泛指一个，所以用不定冠词，upward是以元音音素开头的，故填an。
9. 句意：每当沙尘暴发生时，它就在周围的沙山之间形成向上的气流，将山脚下的沙子送回沙山顶部，避免被流沙吞噬。save sb.frm“拯救某人免受”，为固定搭配。故填frm。
10. 句意：月牙泉的地形和景观非常独特，成为一个浪漫的景点。先行词为物，在非限制性定语从句中作定语修饰名词，故填whse。
37.【答案】 "What's wrng, Asiri?" asked his mther. "I spilled the sequins!" he blurted, almst in tears. "Did yu clean them up?" she asked. "N." Asiri answered. "G back and clean them up," she said with a wave f her hand. "Uncle Thad will expect yu t." Asiri shk his head. But he knew it was nly right t clean up a mess he'd made. It was ne f Uncle Thad's wrkshp rules. Hearing mther's wrds, Asiri knew what he shuld d. He walked twards the wrkshp with heart in his muth.
Reaching the wrkshp, Asiri fund the sequins were still there. They lay scat-tered acrss the flr, waiting fr him. Asiri gathered the sequins int a pile and swept them int a dust pan. Carefully, he shk it, separating the dust frm the se-quins. Only when the last sequin slipped int the bx did Asiri glance up. Uncle Thad std in the drway with his arms crssed. Crssing the rm, he squeezed Asiri's shulder. "Gd wrkers always clean up after themselves." He clapped his hands. "Nw, cme. There are cstumes t finish and sequins t sew."
【解析】一、文意梳理
【原文大意】
本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了萨德叔叔和他的团队正忙着为康提市举行的最大节日埃萨拉•佩拉赫拉制作服装，阿西里希望他能在游行中最重要的大象的服装上缝一个亮片，但是当萨德叔叔吩咐他把那盒金色的亮片拿给他时，盒子打翻在地，阿西里很尴尬跑回了家，妈妈问明原委，让他回去收拾好烂摊子，当阿西里认真把亮片捡回到盒子后，萨德叔叔让他加入了缝亮片的工作。
【段落续写】
①由第一段首句内容“‘怎么了，阿西里？’他妈妈问。”可知，第一段可描写妈妈询问阿西里发生的事情，要阿西里回去收拾残局。
②由第二段首句内容“到了车间，阿西里发现亮片还在那里。”可知，第二段可描写阿西里认真收拾亮片，认为好工人总是自己打扫卫生的萨德叔叔看着阿西里一举一动，最终让他加入了缝亮片的工作。
二、线索厘清
【续写线索】
妈妈询问原委——阿西里回车间——阿西里收拾残局——萨德叔叔叫阿西里缝亮片
【词汇激活】
行为类
①走向：walk twards/head fr
②回家：answer/reply
③等待：wait fr/await
情绪类
①心都提到嘴边了：with heart in his muth / with the heart n the tip f his tngue
②抬起眼睛望着：glance up /lk up
三、范文鉴赏
【高分句式】
①Hearing mther's wrds, Asiri knew what he shuld d.（动词的-ing形式作状语；what引导的宾语从句）
②Only when the last sequin slipped int the bx did Asiri glance up.（倒装句）
38.【答案】
【解析】
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