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广东省佛山市南海区2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题
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这是一份广东省佛山市南海区2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题，共29页。
第一部分 听说考试（独立安排，满分20分）
第二部分 综合运用（共四节，满分55分）
第一节 课外阅读理解（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
On September 17 2022, a father and sn set ut t begin the first f three legs f the Irnman cmpetitin in Oxfrd. David, 59, and his sn, Jhn, 28, weren’t the typical cmpetitrs. Despite difficulty in walking, Jhn has his dream f being an athlete. His father wuld act as his arms and legs, carrying the weight f his sn thrughut the race.
T qualify as having finished, cmpetitrs must cmplete a hard 140 miles f swimming, bicycling and running in under 17 hurs. David and Jhn had participated tgether in five Irnman cmpetitins, but they had yet t finish in the required time.
The race began with a 2.4-mile swim in the Chptank River. With ne end f a rpe tied t a belt arund his back and the ther end t a bat with his sn inside, the father eased himself int the water. Swimming while carrying anther persn is tugh enugh — David als had t fight with jellyfish (水母).
The pair cmpleted the swim in 90 minutes, and went thrugh with the 112-mile bicycle ride in abut nine hurs, then set their sights n the final leg f the 26.2-mile marathn with David pushing Jhn in the racing chair.
With minutes left and 200 feet t the finish line, his mm, n the sidelines, handed him the rlling walker. Nt that lng ag, Jhn culd hardly walk 23 steps. But after years f painful training, he increased his step cunt and was determined t finish the race n his wn. He knew time was almst running ut and wrried they wuldn’t make the cutff. “Nt because I wuldn’t get my mment,” he says, “but because dad had wrked s hard.”
After 16 hurs, 55 minutes and 35 secnds — with just fur minutes and 25 secnds t spare — father and sn crssed the finish line tgether.
As the crwd flded and cheered n Jhn, the weary father kept a lw prfile. “He didn’t want his finish line mment,” says Jhn. “He wanted it t be mine.”
1. Hw did David help his sn in the swimming part?
A. By pulling a rpe tied t a bat.B. By swimming beside his sn.试卷源自 每日更新，更低价下载，欢迎访问。C. By pushing his sn’s lifebelt.D. By carrying his sn n his back.
2. Why did Jhn wrry abut nt making the cutff?
A. He wuldn’t get his mment.
B. His mm wuld be disappinted.
C. His father had put in lts f effrt.
D. The audience had high expectatins.
3. What can best describe David’s rle as a father?
A. Respnsible and selfless.B. Brave and hnest.
C. Cmmitted and friendly.D. Gentle and determined.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了2022年9月17日，一位59岁的父亲戴维和他的28岁儿子约翰参加了在牛津举行的铁人三项比赛。尽管约翰行动不便，但他梦想成为运动员，父亲充当他的手脚，全程背负儿子参赛。他们需在17小时内完成140英里的游泳、自行车骑行和跑步。经过不懈努力，两人最终携手跨过终点线，展现了深沉的父爱与非凡的毅力。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“With ne end f a rpe tied t a belt arund his back and the ther end t a bat with his sn inside, the father eased himself int the water. Swimming while carrying anther persn is tugh enugh — David als had t fight with jellyfish (水母).(父亲把绳子的一端绑在背上的皮带上，另一端绑在船上，船上有他的儿子，他慢慢地下水了。带着另一个人游泳已经够难的了——大卫还不得不和水母搏斗)”可知，大卫是通过拉一根系在自己背上和载着儿子的船之间的绳子来帮助儿子完成游泳部分的。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段的“He knew time was almst running ut and wrried they wuldn’t make the cutff. “Nt because I wuldn’t get my mment,” he says, “but because dad had wrked s hard.”(他知道时间几乎要耗尽了，担心他们无法在截止时间内完成。“并不是因为我无法得到属于我的那一刻，”他说，“而是因为爸爸付出了太多努力。”)”可知，约翰担心不能按时完成主要是因为他知道父亲付出了巨大的努力，他不想让父亲的努力白费。故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“Despite difficulty in walking, Jhn has his dream f being an athlete. His father wuld act as his arms and legs, carrying the weight f his sn thrughut the race.(尽管走路很困难，约翰仍有成为一名运动员的梦想。他的父亲会充当他的胳膊和腿，在整个比赛中承受着儿子的重量)”以及全文可知，整篇文章描述了大卫为了帮助残疾的儿子实现运动员的梦想，不辞辛劳，承担起儿子的重量，陪伴他完成艰难的铁人三项比赛。这种行为体现了极强的责任感和无私的爱。故选A。
B
Every mrning in graduate schl, Christy wuld wave t the wman selling ht dgs utside her building. “If she wasn’t there n a given day, things didn’t feel right. I missed her,” says Christy, nw a psychlgy (心理学) expert at a university in the U.K. “It was this huge surce f cmfrt and safety, and it was with smene I never talked t.”
That cnnectin satisfied a deep, bdily need fr Christy, just like water relieves thirst. Humans are intensely scial animals, and research increasingly suggests that lsing ur cnnectins t thers can negatively impact ur health. A 2023 reprt called widespread lneliness in the U.S. a deadly health risk cmparable t smking up t15 cigarettes (香烟) a day. On the ther hand, a Harvard study fund that having strng relatinships is key t living a lng and happy life. The study als shwed that peple between 80 and 89 years ld in happy marriages reprted that their happiness remained stable even n days when they were in greater physical pain.
But clse relatinships aren’t the nly scial ties that matter. Chatting with a stranger, giving a smile f recgnitin t the waiter in yur lcal cffee shp, r waving t the peple yu see every day at the park creates a much-needed sense f cmmunity. “We can’t achieve happiness by urselves. We simply cannt survive r live well withut feeling like we are accepted,” says Christy.
These “weak tie” relatinships aren’t a replacement fr the deeper, mre meaningful cnnectins we als need. But Christy says we shuld recgnize and celebrate their imprtance, and push urselves t engage in them because they’re s beneficial t ur sense f well-being. “I am nt utging,” she says. “And, at the same time, I lve talking t strangers. I believe that anyne can d it.”
4. Hw did Christy feel when she culdn’t see the wman as usual?
A. Safe.B. Disappinted.C. Angry.D. Satisfied.
5. What did the Harvard study find?
A. Older adults feel happier in marriages.
B. Physical pain negatively affects happiness.
C. Clse relatinships lead t lng-term well-being.
D. Happiness has little t d with scial cnnectins.
6. Why are “weak tie” relatinships meaningful?
A. They cntribute t ur happiness.B. They help us t be utging.
C. They replace clse relatinships.D. They push us t cmmunicate.
7. What is the best title fr the passage?
A. Advantages f Being LnelyB. Influence f Meeting New Peple
C. Value f Strng Scial CnnectinsD. Imprtance f “Weak Tie” Relatinships
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了与陌生人之间“弱联系”也能帮助我们提升幸福感。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段““If she wasn’t there n a given day, things didn’t feel right. I missed her,” says Christy, nw a psychlgy (心理学) expert at a university in the U.K. “It was this huge surce f cmfrt and safety, and it was with smene I never talked t.”(“如果某一天她不在，事情就会感觉不对劲。”克里斯蒂现在是英国一所大学的心理学专家，她说:“这是一个巨大的安慰和安全的来源，而且是和一个我从未说过话的人在一起。”)”可推知，当Christy不能像往常一样看见那个卖热狗的女人，她感到失望。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“On the ther hand, a Harvard study fund that having strng relatinships is key t living a lng and happy life.(另一方面，哈佛大学的一项研究发现，拥有牢固的人际关系是幸福长寿的关键)”可知，哈佛大学研究发现亲密的关系能带来长期的幸福。故选C。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“These “weak tie” relatinships aren’t a replacement fr the deeper, mre meaningful cnnectins we als need. But Christy says we shuld recgnize and celebrate their imprtance, and push urselves t engage in them because they’re s beneficial t ur sense f well-being.(这些“弱联系”关系并不能替代我们所需要的更深层、更有意义的联系。但克里斯蒂说，我们应该认识到并庆祝它们的重要性，并推动自己参与其中，因为它们对我们的幸福感非常有益)”可知，“弱联系”是有意义的，因为它们有助于我们的幸福感。故选A。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“That cnnectin satisfied a deep, bdily need fr Christy, just like water relieves thirst. Humans are intensely scial animals, and research increasingly suggests that lsing ur cnnectins t thers can negatively impact ur health.(这种联系满足了对克里斯蒂的身体深层需求，就像水可以解渴一样。人类是高度社会化的动物，越来越多的研究表明，失去与他人的联系会对我们的健康产生负面影响)”及最后一段“These “weak tie” relatinships aren’t a replacement fr the deeper, mre meaningful cnnectins we als need. But Christy says we shuld recgnize and celebrate their imprtance, and push urselves t engage in them because they’re s beneficial t ur sense f well-being.(这些“弱联系”关系并不能替代我们所需要的更深层、更有意义的联系。但克里斯蒂说，我们应该认识到并庆祝它们的重要性，并推动自己参与其中，因为它们对我们的幸福感非常有益)”可知，本文介绍了与陌生人之间的“弱联系”对我们来说很重要，能提升幸福感，D选项“‘弱联系’关系的重要性”符合本文主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选D。
C
Yung babies make many shrt and wrd-like sunds such as “ba” r “aga”. Thse early sunds are later replaced with wrds and, eventually, sentences. While sme f them are brn t be mre talkative than thers, a new study cnfirms that male babies make mre sunds than female babies in the first year.
While the research cnfirms earlier findings frm a much smaller study by the same team, they still cme as a surprise. That’s because there’s a cmmn and lng-held belief that females have an advantage ver males in language.
In the study, Dr Kim and his team included mre than 450,000 hurs f all-day recrdings f 5,899 babies, using a device abut the size f an iPd. Thse recrdings were prcessed t cunt the number f wrds spken by babies and adults acrss the first tw years f life.
Generally, the data shwed that male babies made 10% mre sunds in the first year cmpared t females. In the secnd year, the difference turned directins, with female babies making abut 7% mre sunds than males. Thse differences were bserved even thugh the number f wrds spken by adults caring fr thse babies was higher fr female babies in bth years cmpared t males.
Why, then, wuld male babies be mre talkative than females in the first year and nt later? “We think it may be because bys are mre likely t die in the first year than girls. Given that s many male deaths happen in the first year, bys may have been under especially high selectin pressure t prduce fitness signals t express their wellness and imprve their chances f surviving,” says Kim. By the secnd year f life, as death rates drp sharply acrss the bard, he added, “the pressure n special fitness signaling is lwer fr bth bys and girls.”
8. Why are the findings f the new study surprising?
A. They are similar t earlier nes.
B. They shw males are mre talkative.
C. They g against peple’s cmmn belief.
D. They shw babies learn language differently
9. What did the study find abut male babies in the secnd year?
A. They received mre language input.
B. They shwed better language abilities.
C. They cmmunicated mre with adults.
D. They made less sunds than female babies.
10. What might cause the change in sund prductin fr male babies?
A. Imprved language skills.B. Change in living envirnment.
C. Less need fr fitness signaling.D. Increase in scial cmmunicatin.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，研究表明，男婴在出生的第一年发音比女婴多，而在第二年，发出的声音比女婴要少，文章解释了这种现象的原因。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“While sme f them are brn t be mre talkative than thers, a new study cnfirms that male babies make mre sunds than female babies in the first year.(虽然有些婴儿生来就比其他人更健谈，但一项新的研究证实，男婴在出生第一年发出的声音比女婴更多)”及第二段“While the research cnfirms earlier findings frm a much smaller study by the same team, they still cme as a surprise. That’s because there’s a cmmn and lng-held belief that females have an advantage ver males in language.(虽然这项研究证实了同一团队先前进行的一项规模小得多的研究的结果，但它们仍然令人惊讶。这是因为人们长期以来普遍认为，女性在语言方面比男性更有优势。)”可知，新的研究表明男婴在出生的第一年发音比女婴多，与长期以来人们普遍女性在语言方面比男性更有优势这一观点相悖，这是令人惊讶的。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“In the secnd year, the difference turned directins, with female babies making abut 7% mre sunds than males.(在第二年，这种差异转向了方向，女婴发出的声音比男婴多7%)”可知，第二年，男婴发出的声音比女婴要少。故选D。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段““We think it may be because bys are mre likely t die in the first year than girls. Given that s many male deaths happen in the first year, bys may have been under especially high selectin pressure t prduce fitness signals t express their wellness and imprve their chances f surviving,” says Kim. By the secnd year f life, as death rates drp sharply acrss the bard, he added, “the pressure n special fitness signaling is lwer fr bth bys and girls.”(“我们认为这可能是因为男孩在第一年比女孩更容易死亡。鉴于如此多的男性死亡发生在第一年，男孩可能在特别高的选择压力下产生健康信号来表达他们的健康和提高他们的生存机会，”Kim说。他补充说，到婴儿出生后第二年，随着死亡率全面大幅下降，“男孩和女孩在特殊健康信号方面的压力都较低。”)”可知，男婴在第二年发出更少的声音也许是由于第二年死亡压力减少，所以需要更少的信号来表达健康需求。故选C。
第二节 课内阅读理解（满分10分）
（一）不定项选择（共2小题；每小题2分，满分4分）
阅读下面课内节选文本，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出一个或多个正确的选项，漏选或多选不得分。
The bat was n the inside f the huge whirlpl and we were ging rund in circles at great speed. I saw clearly that there were ther bjects in the whirlpl — trees and barrels. After a while, I became curius abut the whirlpl itself. I then made three imprtant bservatins. The first, the larger the bdies were, the mre rapidly they fell; the secnd, between tw bjects f equal extent, spheres — rund bjects — fell dwn less rapidly; and the third, between tw bjects f the same size, cylinders — bjects shaped like a tube-fell dwn mre slwly. Althugh I didn’t knw why it was s, I tied myself t a barrel t help me flat. I tried t make my brther understand, but he was t frightened and stayed in the heavy bat. Withut waiting, I jumped int the sea t try and escape.
Since my escape, I have had several cnversatins with an ld physics teacher; and it was frm him that I learned the use f the wrds “cylinder” and “sphere”. He explained t me the reasns fr what I bserved, althugh I have frgtten the explanatin. He even shwed me hw it happened that a cylinder, swimming in a vrtex (漩涡), was drawn in with greater difficulty than an equally big bdy, f any frm whatever.
11. Why has the stryteller frgtten the teacher’s explanatin?
A. He was t afraid t listen carefully.
B He didn’t knw much abut physics.
C. The teacher didn’t explain the ideas clearly.
D. The teacher didn’t understand his bservatins.
12. Hw did the stryteller survive?
A. He kept calm.B. He bserved carefully.
C. He jumped int the sea.D. He tied himself t a barrel.
【答案】11. B 12. ABCD
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了我在巨大的漩涡里，通过自己的观察，找到了最佳的逃跑方式，且事后与物理老师交流，懂得了“圆柱体”和“球体”这两个词的使用。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Since my escape, I have had several cnversatins with an ld physics teacher; and it was frm him that I learned the use f the wrds “cylinder” and “sphere”. He explained t me the reasns fr what I bserved, althugh I have frgtten the explanatin.(自从我逃离后，我和一位物理老师进行了几次谈话；正是从他那里，我获得了“圆柱体”和“球体”这两个词的使用。他向我解释了我观察到的原因，尽管我忘记了解释。)”可推知，作者是在逃离之后与物理老师谈话，从而得到了两个词的使用，老师向他解释了观察到的原因，作者却记不住的原因是因为作者不是物理专业的学生，对物理的了解不多，故选B。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“After a while, I became curius abut the whirlpl itself. I then made three imprtant bservatins.(一会之后，我对漩涡本身很好奇。然后就做了三次重要的观察。)”、“Althugh I didn’t knw why it was s, I tied myself t a barrel t help me flat.(尽管我不知道为什么如此，但我把自己绑在一个桶上帮助自己浮起来。)”以及“Withut waiting, I jumped int the sea t try and escape.(没有等待，我一下子跳进海里，试图逃跑。)”可知，作者行驶的船在巨大的漩涡里，已经很危险了，但作者还是能观察周围的事物，故说明作者很冷静且观察仔细；通过将自己绑在桶上并跳入海中来逃生，故选ABCD。
（二）语句排序（共6小题；每小题0.5分，满分3分）
13. 下列选项A至F是关于Christpher Reeve的经历，请按照先后顺序排列。
A. He was thrwn ff his hrse and brke his neck.
B. He became an advcate fr peple with back injuries.
C. He undertk an intense exercise prgramme t rebuild muscle.
D. His wife, family and friends helped him find the will t live again.
E. He wished that he was dead and even thught f ending his wn life.
F. His injuries were s severe that he had n mvement r feeling in his bdy.
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________
【答案】 ①. A ②. F ③. E ④. D ⑤. C ⑥. B
【解析】
【详解】考查事例排序。“A. He was thrwn ff his hrse and brke his neck.”意为“A. 他从马背上摔下来，摔断了脖子。”；“B. He became an advcate fr peple with back injuries.”意为“B. 他成为了背部受伤的人的拥护者。”；“C. He undertk an intense exercise prgramme t rebuild muscle.”意为“C. 他进行了强度很大的锻炼项目来增强肌肉。”；“D. His wife, family and friends helped him find the will t live again.”意为“D. 他的妻子、家人和朋友帮助他找到了活下去的毅力。”；“E. He wished that he was dead and even thught f ending his wn life.”意为“E. 他希望他死了，甚至还想过结束自己的生命。”；“F. His injuries were s severe that he had n mvement r feeling in his bdy.”意为“F. 他首先如此严重，以至于他无法移动，对身体没有了感觉。”。根据句意可知，关于Christpher Reeve的经历的顺序应为“从马背上摔下来——受伤严重，无法移动——想死掉——家人和朋友帮助他找到活下去的希望——进行康复训练——成为了拥护者”，故顺序为AFEDCB。
（三）句子翻译（共2小题；每小题1.5分，满分3分）
阅读下面文段，并把下面两个句子翻译成中文。
The Starry Night was painted in June 1889 when Vincent van Ggh was staying at a hme fr the mentally ill. Van Ggh painted the night sky with cluds, stars and a mn. Hwever, he didn’t just paint the cluds. He als painted the massive circles f white and yellw racing acrss the sky. The stars and the mn hang bright in the night sky. Beneath this amazing sky, we see a sleeping village and a dark, lnely tree.
14. He als painted the massive circles f white and yellw racing acrss the sky.
_______________________________________________________________
15. Beneath this amazing sky, we see a sleeping village and a dark, lnely tree.
_______________________________________________________________
【答案】14. 他还画了在天空中相互追逐的巨大白色和黄色光圈。
15. 在这片神奇的夜空下，我们看到了一个沉睡的村庄和一棵黑暗孤独的树。
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了梵高所画的《星夜》。
【14题详解】
考查句子结构。分析句子可知，本句是简单的主谓宾结构。主语是He “他”；谓语动词als painted“还画了”；the massive circles f white and yellw racing acrss the sky.“在天空中相互追逐的巨大白色和黄色光圈”为宾语，宾语中racing acrss the sky为现在分词作定语，修饰the massive circles f white and yellw，故翻译为：他还画了在天空中相互追逐的巨大白色和黄色光圈。
【15题详解】
考查句子结构。分析句子可知，此句为“状语+简单句”结构，“Beneath this amazing sky在这片神奇的夜空下”为地点状语；简单句中，we“我们”为主语，see“看到”为宾语，a sleeping village and a dark, lnely tree“一个沉睡的村庄和一棵黑暗孤独的树”为宾语，故本句翻译为：在这片神奇的夜空下，我们看到了一个沉睡的村庄和一棵黑暗孤独的树。
第三节 选句填空（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
D Animals Have Friends?
When yu see little animals playing tgether arund a tree, r a cat and dg sleeping tgether in the living rm, d yu ever think — are they friends? One expert, Mike, believes that many animals d have friends. If they’re in the same grup, they greet ne anther, travel tgether, play tgether and even share fd with each ther. ____16____
Playing tgether helps animals keep them clse t the grup. Wild dgs wh dn’t play much are mre likely t leave the grup n their wn. ____17____ If an animal has a special friend, bth friends benefit by having smene t watch ut fr them. In the case f a yung rhin (犀牛) ging n its first jurney, it may lk fr an lder travel friend. ____18____
Sharing is anther imprtant part f friendship. Fr all animals, finding fd is a matter f life and death. Fr sme bats in Central and Suth America, if they dn’t get a bld meal every three days, they die f hunger. ____19____ If a bat desn’t find fd, a full bat will thrw up sme bld frm its stmach int the muth f the hungry friend.
But smetimes members f a grup als cmpete fr fd and mates, which can lead t fights. S making up after fights is a key skill. Smetimes after tw male mnkeys have a fight, they will sit apart, aviding each ther. ____20____ An lder female mnkey may need t step in t play peace-maker. She will walk up t ne f them, kiss r tuch him, then slwly walk tward the ther. Then she sits clse t the secnd male. Bth start grming (梳毛) her. When she leaves, they cntinue t grm each ther, as if t say, “We’re cl nw.”
A. Each wants the ther t make the first mve.
B. Yung animals ften team up fr prtectin.
C. But hungry bats dn’t need t wrry if they have friends.
D. And leaving the prtectin f the grup can be dangerus.
E. These friendly behavirs can be imprtant fr an animal t survive.
F. The friend helps t find fd and water, and avid dangerus animals.
G. Bats take bld frm sleeping animals, but they are surprisingly gd friends.
【答案】16. E 17. D 18. F 19. C 20. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇关于动物之间友谊的说明文。文章通过专家Mike的观点和具体的例子，探讨了动物之间是否存在朋友关系，以及这种关系如何影响它们的生存和行为。
【16题详解】
上文“If they’re in the same grup, they greet ne anther, travel tgether, play tgether and even share fd with each ther.(如果它们在同一个群体中，它们会相互问候，一起旅行，一起玩耍，甚至分享食物。)”提到动物的一些互动行为，结合下文“Playing tgether helps animals keep them clse t the grup.(一起玩耍有助于动物们与群体保持亲密关系)”可知，下文是描述这些行为的好处，选项E“这些友好行为对于动物的生存很重要”承上启下，符合语境。因此，正确选项是E。
【17题详解】
上文提到“Wild dgs wh dn’t play much are mre likely t leave the grup n their wn (不经常玩耍的野狗更有可能独自离开群体。)”，说明不经常玩耍的野狗更可能独自离开群体。选项D“离开群体的保护可能是危险的”与上文的语境相吻合，强调了群体保护的重要性。因此，正确选项是D。
【18题详解】
上文提到“If an animal has a special friend, bth friends benefit by having smene t watch ut fr them (如果一个动物有一个特别的朋友，那么两个朋友都会因为有人照看而受益。)”，说明拥有特殊朋友可以为彼此提供保护。选项F“这个朋友会帮助寻找食物和水，避免危险的动物”与上文的语境相吻合，强调了朋友在生存中的互助作用。因此，正确选项是F。
【19题详解】
上文提到“Fr sme bats in Central and Suth America, if they dn’t get a bld meal every three days, they die f hunger (对于中美洲和南美洲的一些蝙蝠来说，如果它们每三天没有一顿血液食物，它们就会饿死。)”，说明某些蝙蝠如果每三天没有血液食物就会饿死，下文“If a bat desn’t find fd, a full bat will thrw up sme bld frm its stmach int the muth f the hungry friend.(如果一只蝙蝠找不到食物，一只吃饱了的蝙蝠会从胃里吐出一些血到饥饿的朋友嘴里)”提到朋友会提供帮助，选项C“如果它们有朋友，饥饿的蝙蝠就不需要担心。”与上文的语境相吻合，引起下文，强调了朋友在食物共享中的作用。因此，正确选项是C。
【20题详解】
上文提到“Smetimes after tw male mnkeys have a fight, they will sit apart, aviding each ther (有时两只雄性猴子打斗后，它们会分开坐，避开彼此。)”，选项A“每个人都希望对方先采取行动”与上文的语境相吻合，each指代的就是上文中的猴子，描述了猴子在打架后的行为和心理状态。因此，正确选项是A。
第四节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was sixty-eight years ld and retired when ur church (教堂) jined a prisn service grup. We went n a tur f the wmen prisn (监狱). The metal drs gave me a sense f ____21____. I knew I culdn’t stand being lcked behind thse drs, ____22____ as a vlunteer wh knew she was getting ut.
Then Marg a yung but experienced vlunteer in the prisn, ____23____ me t be her partner. She felt she culd ____24____ the wmen by speaking t their needs. Her psitive attitude slwly built my ____25____, and I accepted her invitatin.
Later, Marg and I scheduled ur first visit. ____26____, when we arrived at the prisn, the wmen ____27____ t cme ut as they were watching TV. And when I arrived the next week fr the secnd visit, I was tld Marg culdn’t ____28____! Hw was I suppsed t deal with them when she was absent? Waiting alne ____29____, I almst jumped at the sund f the dr unlcking. One by ne, the wmen in range entered the rm. I saw daughters, mthers, and grandmthers. They had all nce made bad decisins but they wanted t ____30____. Suddenly, I felt n fear and culdn’t wait t share ____31____ wrds with these wmen. Befre I knew it, ur meeting had ended and the wmen were ____32____ me.
Fifteen years have passed nw and I ____33____ t g weekly t the prisn. The greatest ____34____ is t hear them say “thanks, Granny Bev,” as they fllw the guard back t their rms, and I g thrugh the ____35____ drs that nce brught me fear.
21. A. curisityB. fearC. surpriseD. sadness
22. A. rarelyB. especiallyC. evenD. just
23. A. invitedB. frcedC. allwedD. hired
24. A. cntrlB. influenceC. cheatD. judge
25. A. capacityB. patienceC. cnfidenceD. reputatin
26. A. MreverB. TherefreC. OtherwiseD. Hwever
27. A. plannedB. refusedC. managedD. ffered
28. A. stayB. speakC. cmeD. walk
29. A. nervuslyB. excitedlyC. expectantlyD. angrily
30. A. surviveB. escapeC. relaxD. change
31. A. encuragingB. interestingC. pliteD. tugh
32. A. cngratulatingB. askingC. thankingD. bserving
33. A. stpB. struggleC. frgetD. cntinue
34. A. satisfactinB. interestC. disappintmentD. wish
35. A. hiddenB. sameC. mentalD. wden
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一位68岁的退休女士在教堂的引导下成为监狱志愿者，克服恐惧与囚犯交流，最终帮助并改变她们的故事。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些金属门给我一种恐惧感。A. curisity好奇；B. fear恐惧；C. surprise惊讶；D. sadness悲伤。根据下文“I knew I culdn’t stand being lcked behind thse drs”可知，作者害怕被关在门后，此处表示金属门给作者一种恐惧的感觉。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我知道我无法忍受被锁在那些门后面，即使是作为一名知道自己会出去的志愿者。A. rarely很少；B. especially尤其；C. even甚至，即使；D. just仅仅。根据下文“as a vlunteer wh knew she was getting ut”以及语境可知，此处强调作者的恐惧感尤为强烈，即使知道自己会出去，依然无法忍受被锁在那些门后面。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，玛戈，一个年轻但经验丰富的监狱志愿者，邀请我做她的搭档。A. invited邀请；B. frced强迫；C. allwed允许；D. hired雇佣。根据下文“I accepted her invitatin.”可知，此处表示玛戈邀请作者成为她的搭档。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她觉得通过满足她们的需求，可以说服这些女性。A. cntrl控制；B. influence影响；C. cheat欺骗；D. judge判断。根据下文“by speaking t their needs”可知，玛戈希望通过满足需求来正面影响这些女性。故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她积极的态度慢慢建立了我的信心，我接受了她的邀请。A. capacity能力；B. patience耐心；C. cnfidence信心；D. reputatin声誉。根据上文“Her psitive attitude”可知，玛戈的积极态度让作者有了信心。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我们到达监狱时，女囚们因为正在看电视而拒绝出来。A. Mrever此外；B. Therefre因此；C. Otherwise否则；D. Hwever然而。根据上文“Later, Marg and I scheduled ur first visit.”以及下文“when we arrived at the prisn, the wmen __7__ t cme ut as they were watching TV.”可知，前后文表示转折关系，此处应用Hwever表示“然而”。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我们到达监狱时，女囚们因为正在看电视而拒绝出来。A. planned计划；B. refused拒绝；C. managed设法；D. ffered提供。根据下文“as they were watching TV”以及语境可知，她们因看电视而拒绝出来。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我下周第二次去的时候，我被告知玛戈不能来了！A. stay停留；B. speak说话；C. cme来；D. walk走路。根据下文“Hw was I suppsed t deal with them when she was absent?”可知，玛戈不能来监狱了。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我一个人紧张地等待着，门锁的声音几乎让我跳了起来。A. nervusly紧张地；B. excitedly兴奋地；C. expectantly期待地；D. angrily生气地。根据下文“I almst jumped at the sund f the dr unlcking.”以及语境可知，作者是紧张地等待。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她们都曾做过错误的决定，但她们想要改变。A. survive生存；B. escape逃跑；C. relax放松；D. change改变。根据上文“They had all nce made bad decisins but they wanted t”可知，此处表示这些女性虽然犯过错，但她们有改变的意愿。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：突然间，我不再害怕，迫不及待地想与这些女性分享鼓励的话语。A. encuraging鼓励的；B. interesting有趣的；C. plite礼貌的；D. tugh艰难的。根据上文“Suddenly, I felt n fear”可知，作者想要分享的是鼓励的话语。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不知不觉中，我们的见面结束了，女人们都在感谢我。A. cngratulating祝贺；B. asking询问；C. thanking感谢；D. bserving观察。根据下文“thanks, Granny Bev”可知，女人们在感谢作者。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：十五年过去了，我仍然每周都去监狱。A. stp停止；B. struggle挣扎；C. frget忘记；D. cntinue继续。根据上文“Fifteen years have passed nw”可知，作者持续这个行为长达十五年，一直在继续。故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：最大的满足就是听到她们在狱警的带领下回房间时说：“谢谢，格兰尼·贝夫”，而我则穿过曾经让我恐惧的同样的大门。A. satisfactin满足；B. interest兴趣；C. disappintment失望；D. wish愿望。根据下文“t hear them say “thanks, Granny Bev,””可知，听到她们的感谢让作者感到满足。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. hidden隐藏的；B. same同样的；C. mental精神的；D. wden木制的。根据下文“drs that nce brught me fear”可知，这里指的是作者最初感到恐惧的那些相同的门。故选B项。
第三部分 知识基础（共五节，满分45分）
第一节 词汇中英匹配（共20小题；每小题0.5分，满分10分）
第一组
匹配单词
36. 实验
37. 投入
38. 同意
39. 评论
40. 设备
【答案】36. E 37. G
38. C 39. A
40. D
【解析】
【36题详解】
考查名词。根据汉语释义“实验”可知，应是名词“experiment”。故选E项。
【37题详解】
考查名词。根据汉语释义“投入”可知，应是名词“cmmitment”。故选G项。
【38题详解】
考查名词。根据汉语释义“同意”可知，应是名词“agreement”。故选C项。
【39题详解】
考查名词。根据汉语释义“评论”可知，应是名词“cmment”。故选A项。
【40题详解】
考查名词。根据汉语释义“设备”可知，应是名词“equipment”。故选D项。
第二组
匹配单词
41. 交谈
42. 作文
43. 描述
44. 应用
45. 抱负
【答案】41. F 42. G
43. D 44. C
45. A
【解析】
【41题详解】
考查名词。“交谈”的英语表达应是cnversatin。故选F项。
【42题详解】
考查名词。“作文”的英语表达应是cmpsitin。故选G项。
【43题详解】
考查名词。“描述”的英语表达应是descriptin。故选D项。
【44题详解】
考查名词。“应用”的英语表达应是applicatin。故选C项。
【45题详解】
考查名词。“抱负”的英语表达应是ambitin。故选A项。
第三组
匹配单词
46. 探险
47. 犹豫
48. 确认
49. 实施
50. 鼓励
【答案】46. B 47. A
48. D 49. E
50. F
【解析】
【46题详解】
考查动词。根据汉语释义“探险”可知，应是动词“explre”。故选B项。
【47题详解】
考查动词。根据汉语释义“犹豫”可知，应是动词“hesitate”。故选A项。
【48题详解】
考查动词。根据汉语释义“确认”可知，应是动词“cnfirm”。故选D项。
【49题详解】
考查动词。根据汉语释义“实施”可知，应是动词“cnduct”。故选E项。
50题详解】
考查动词。根据汉语释义“鼓励”可知，应是动词“encurage”。故选F项。
第四组
匹配单词
51. 普遍的
52. 好奇的
53. 复杂的
54. 标准的
55. 便利的
【答案】51. B 52. A
53. D 54. C
55. G
【解析】
【51题详解】
“普遍的”为形容词，表达为general，故选B。
【52题详解】
“好奇的”为形容词，表达为curius，故选A。
【53题详解】
“复杂的”为形容词，表达为cmplex，故选D。
【54题详解】
“标准的”为形容词，表达为standard，故选C。
【55题详解】
“便利的”为形容词，表达为cnvenient，故选G。
【点睛】
第二节 语义匹配（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
根据句子内容，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出与句中划线部分意义最接近的选项。
56. I’ve always wanted t imprve my cking skills, s recently when I saw an advertisement fr a cking class, I decided t sign up fr it.
A. teach the cking class
B. take the cking curse
C. design an advertisement fr the class
D. write dwn the name f the advertisement
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：我一直想提高我的烹饪技能，所以最近当我看到一个烹饪班的广告时，我决定报名参加。由“I’ve always wanted t imprve my cking skills”和“advertisement fr a cking class”可知，句子表示“我一直想提高我的烹饪技能，所以最近当我看到一个烹饪班的广告时，我决定报名参加”，sign up fr it的意思是“报名参加这个课程”，也就是读这个烹饪课程，即take the cking curse。故选B。
57. When I was being unfairly treated by ther children, my friend Sarah came t my defence, which mved me a lt.
A. cried fr meB. supprted meC. came t hit meD. played with me
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我受到其他孩子的不公平对待时，我的朋友Sarah为我辩护，这让我很感动。A.cried fr me为我哭泣；B.supprted me支持我；C.came t hit me来打我；D. played with me陪我玩。根据句中“I was being unfairly treated”及“mved me a lt”可知，朋友在我遭受不公平对待时为我辩护，划线部分意为“为我辩护”，与B选项“支持我”意思相近。故选B。
58. As she walked twards the stage, the nervus singer had t swallw her anxiety in rder t make a cnfident perfrmance.
A. keep herself activeB. drink sme water
C. calm herself dwnD. take a deep breath
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当这位紧张的歌手走向舞台时，她不得不强忍住自己的焦虑，以便自信地表演。A. keep herself active保持活跃；B. drink sme water喝点水；C. calm herself dwn冷静下来；D. take a deep breath深呼吸。根据前文“the nervus singer”以及后文“in rder t make a cnfident perfrmance”可知，此处应是“让紧张的自己冷静下来，以便自信地表演”之意，推知swallw her anxiety是“冷静下来”之意，和C项意思相近。故选C项。
59. Inspired by his struggles with deafness, Ludwig van Beethven prduced sme amazing pieces. He prceeded with his cmpsitin until his death.
A. kept practicing the pian
B. went n t make his skills perfect
C. cntinued t write musical wrks
D. studied hw t write a cmpsitin
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查短语释义。句意：受到与耳聋斗争的启发，Ludwig van Beethven创作了一些令人惊叹的作品。他一直创作直到去世。A. kept practicing the pian坚持练习钢琴；B. went n t make his skills perfect继续完善自己的技能；C. cntinued t write musical wrks继续创作音乐作品；D. studied hw t write a cmpsitin学习如何写作文。根据前文的“prduced sme amazing pieces(创作一些令人惊叹的作品)”的提示可知，此处“prceeded with his cmpsitin”与C项“继续创作音乐作品”意思相近，受到耳聋斗争的启发，他创作了一些作品，直到死，都在不停地创作作品，故选C。
60. As the final, jyus nte signalled the end f the symphny, the audience jumped t their feet, clapping, cheering and waving their hats.
A. jumped frwardB. decided t leave
C. stepped n their feetD. std up in excitement
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查短语释义。句意：当最后一个欢快的音符示意着交响乐的结束时，观众跳起来，鼓掌、欢呼并挥舞着帽子。根据后文“clapping, cheering and waving their hats”可知，观众鼓掌、欢呼并挥舞着帽子，故观众是很激动很高兴的情绪，故此处的“jumped t their feet”与D项“激动地站起来”意思相近，故选D。
61. He spke sharply t his daughter and made her cry.
A. in a strict and angry wayB. in a lud and cnfident way
C. in a funny and direct wayD. in a sad and emtinal way
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：他严厉地对女儿说话，把她弄哭了。A. in a strict and angry way以一种严厉而愤怒的方式；B. in a lud and cnfident way以一种响亮而自信的方式；C. in a funny and direct way以一种有趣而直接的方式；D. in a sad and emtinal way以悲伤和情绪化的方式。根据句中made her cry可知，他在严厉地对女儿说话，sharply意为“严厉地”，与A项意义相近。故选A项。
62. She was the first Chinese female scientist t be awarded a Nbel Prize in recgnitin f her wrk.
A. t hnr her wrkB. t identify her at wrk
C. t give mney fr her wrkD. t supprt her achievement
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语。句意：她是第一位获得诺贝尔奖以表彰其工作的中国女科学家。画线部分in recgnitin f her wrk.表示“表彰她的工作”。A. t hnr her wrk为了奖励她的工作；B. t identify her at wrk为了辨认她的工作；C. t give mney fr her wrk因为她的工作给予金钱；D. t supprt her achievement为了支持她的成就。根据句意可知，画线部分与A项意思相近，故选A。
63. The painting shws a thin figure with an expressin f fear.
A. a small number f scary peple
B. a little man shuting fearful wrds
C. a thin face shwing a feeling f anxiety
D. the shape f a thin man with a scared face
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：这幅画描绘了一个瘦弱的人，脸上带着恐惧的表情。A.a small number f scary peple一小部分可怕的人；B.a little man shuting fearful wrds一个喊着可怕的话的小个子男人；C.a thin face shwing a feeling f anxiety瘦削的脸上流露出焦虑的神情；D.the shape f a thin man with a scared face一个瘦削的男人，脸上带着恐惧。根据句意，a thin figure with an expressin f fear表示“一个瘦削的身影，脸上带着恐惧的表情”。故选D。
64. Reeve starred in fur Superman films frm 1978 t 1987.
A. picked sme starsB. played the lead character
C. acted as the character f a starD. became famus fr his characters
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查单词释义。句意：从1978年到1987年在四部《超人》电影中扮演主角。此处“star”意为“扮演主角”，故其意思与B项“扮演主角”意思相近，故选B。
65. I culd tell yu lts and lts abut this jurney. What stries yu wuld have fr the by… but what a price t pay.
A. yu need t pay meB. I have a gift fr yu
C. the lss is t greatD. it csts much mney
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查短语释义。句意：关于这次旅行，我可以告诉你很多很多。你想给孩子讲些什么故事，但要付出多大的代价。根据短语“what a price t pay这是多大的代价啊”可知，此处意为要付出代价，与C项“损失很大”意思相近，故选C。
第三节 语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
请选择单词与音标匹配正确的选项。
66.
A. variety /ˈveəraɪti/B. escape /eˈskɪp/
C. privacy /ˈprarɪvəsi/D. figure /ˈfaɪgə(r)/
67.
A. daring /ˈdaːrɪŋ/B. appreciate /əpriːˈʃieɪt/
C. passin /ˈpeɪʃn/D. identity /aɪ’dentəti/
68.
A. thrughut /θruːˈaʊt/B. disease /diːˈsiːs/
C. within /ˈwɪθɪn/D. mment /ˈmɒmənt/
69.
A. update /,ʌpˈdaɪt/B. shift /ʃɪft/
C. injury /ɪnˈdʒɜːri/D. emtin /eˈməʊʃn/
70.
A. depressin /dɪˈpreʃn/B. breathe /breθ/
C. cncentrate /kɒnsnˈtreɪt/D. sftware /ˈsuːftweə/
【答案】66. C 67. D 68. A 69. B 70. A
【解析】
【66题详解】
考查音标。A.variety/vəˈraɪəti/; B.escape /ɪˈskeɪp/; C.privacy /ˈprarɪvəsi/ ; D.figure /ˈfɪɡə(r)/。故选C项。
【67题详解】
考查音标。A.daring/ˈdeərɪŋ/; B.appreciate /əˈpriːʃieɪt/;C.passin/ˈpæʃ(ə)n/；D.identity /aɪ’dentəti/。故选D。
【68题详解】
考查音标。A.thrughut /θruːˈaʊt/;B.disease/dɪˈziːz/;C.within /wɪˈðɪn/；D.mment/ˈməʊmənt/。故选A。
【69题详解】
考查音标。A.update ˌ/ʌpˈdeɪt/;B.shift /ʃɪft/; C.injury /ˈɪndʒəri/; D.emtin /ɪˈməʊʃ(ə)n/。故选B。
【70题详解】
考查音标。A.depressin /dɪˈpreʃn/;B.breathe /briːð/;C./ˈkɒns(ə)ntreɪ/;D.sftware/ˈsɒftweə(r)/。故选A。
第四节 看音标写单词（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
看音标写单词
71. /ˈhæpi/ ____________
72. /tʃeɪndʒ/ ____________
73. /ˈmetl/ ____________
74. /ˈsʌmə(r)/ ____________
75. /ˈdʒenərəs/ ____________
【答案】71. happy
72. change 73. metal/mettle
74. summer 75. generus
【解析】
【71题详解】
音标/ˈhæpi/拼写为单词happy，意思为：开心的，形容词。故填happy。
【72题详解】
音标/tʃeɪndʒ/拼写为单词change，意思为：改变，名词或者形容词。故填change。
【73题详解】
音标/ˈmetl/拼写为单词metal/mettle，metal意思为：金属，名词；mettle意思为：奋斗精神；毅力，名词。故填metal/mettle。
【74题详解】
音标/ˈsʌmə(r)/拼写为单词summer，意思为：夏天，名词。故填summer。
【75题详解】
音标/ˈdʒenərəs/拼写为单词generus，意思为：慷慨的，大方的，形容词。故填generus。
第五节 单句语法填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
根据句意，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
76. She gave a wnderful ____________ (perfrm) in the Peple’s Theatre last week. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】perfrmance
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：她上星期在人民剧院作了精彩的表演。空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，perfrm的名词形式是perfrmance，根据空前的a可知，用单数形式。故填perfrmance。
77. The lab in________ they wrked has pr air quality. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】which
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们工作的实验室空气质量很差。此处为介词+关系代词结构引导的定语从句修饰先行词lab，先行词lab作介词in的宾语，表示物，用关系代词which指代lab。故填which。
78. I was still tied t the barrel, and the waves sn carried me t an area ________ the ther fishermen were. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我仍然被绑在木桶上，海浪很快把我带到了其他渔民所在的地方。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是area，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
79. He rganized many ____________ (peace) prtests, but he was put behind bars many times fr ding s. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】peaceful##peace
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他阻止了几次和平抗议，但却因此多次被关进监狱。此处作定语，修饰名词prtests，可以用形容词peaceful“和平的”，也可以用名词peace“和平”作定语。故填peaceful/peace。
80. ____________ is strange is that she always wears sunglasses indrs, even at night. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】What
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：奇怪的是，她总是在室内戴着墨镜，甚至在晚上也是如此。根据句中的第二个系动词is及其后that引导的表语从句可知，空处应为主语从句的引导词，主语从句中缺少主语，表示“奇怪的事情”，应填what引导主语从句并在主语从句中作主语，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。
81. Beethven jumped abut in frnt f the rchestra, ________ (wave) his arms wildly. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】waving
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：贝多芬在乐团面前跳来跳去，疯狂地挥舞着手臂。分析句子结构可知，wave在句中不是谓语动词，它与句子主语Beethven 在逻辑上是主动关系，因此使用现在分词作状语。故填waving。
82. Althugh I have tried my best, all my effrts ended in ____________ (fail). （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】failure
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：尽管我已经尽了最大努力，但我所有的努力都以失败告终。fail是动词，意思是“失败”。横线前有介词，说明横线处应该填名词，fail的名词是failure，抽象名词，不可数，固定短语：end in failure“以失败告终”。故答案是failure。
83. First, his tw sledges ____________ (break) dwn and then the hrses began t have serius difficulties with the snw and the cld. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】brke
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：首先，他的两辆雪橇坏了，然后马开始在雪和寒冷中遇到严重的困难。此处作谓语动词，主语为his tw sledges，break dwn为不及物动词作谓语动词，且根据后文的began可知，此处应用过去时，故填brke。
84. She has a strng desire ____________ (catch) up n her reading during the hlidays. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】t catch
【解析】
【详解】考查不定式。句意：她渴望在假期的时候赶上阅读的进度。此处为“渴望做某事”，表达为have a desire t d sth.，故此处应用不定式作定语，故填t catch。
85. Cmmunicating thrugh a screen makes ____________ mre difficult fr children t cncentrate. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】it
【解析】
【详解】考查形式宾语。句意：通过屏幕交流使得孩子们更难集中注意力。这个句子使用了“make it adj. t d”的固定句型，其中it是形式宾语，无实际含义，指代的是t cncentrate这个真正宾语。形式宾语只可以使用it，故填it。
86. In 1943, many peple ____________ (treat) unfairly due t their skin clr in America. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】were treated
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态、语态。句意：1943年，在美国，许多人因为他们的肤色而受到不公平的对待。空处缺少谓语，根据In 1943可知，为一般过去时，主语peple为复数，与treat“对待”为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were treated。
87. Captain Sctt left a recrd, fr hnesty, fr sincerity, fr ____________ (brave), fr everything that makes a man. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】bravery
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：Sctt船长为诚实、真诚、勇敢等一切做人的品质留下了记录。根据句子分析可知，此处作宾语，填名词bravery，不可数，故填bravery。
88. During the plar summer f 1910-1911, bth teams rganized fd bases in ____________ (prepare) fr their jurneys the next year. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】preparatin##preparatins
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：在1910年至1911年的极地夏季，两支队伍都组织了食物基地，为明年的旅行做准备。作介词的宾语，应用名词preparatin，可用单数可用复数。故填preparatin/preparatins。
89. There is n better way t see what yu are capable ____________.（用适当的词填空）
【答案】f
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：没有比这更好的方式来展示你的能力了。be capable f为固定短语，意思为：能够……。故填f。
90. Van Ggh painted ________ he saw frm his windw---the night sky with cluds, stars and a mn. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】what
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：梵高画了他从窗户看到的东西，有夜空、星星和月亮。分析句子结构可知，在 painted后面是宾语从句，从句谓语动词saw缺少宾语，且指代事物，应用连接代词what引导宾语从句。故填what。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 句子翻译（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）
把下面句子翻译成英文。
91. 在2015年12月7日的诺贝尔奖颁奖典礼上，一位84岁高龄的中国老奶奶慢慢地走上领奖台。（汉译英）
______________________________________________________________
【答案】At the Nbel Prize Lecture n 7 December, 2015, an 84-year-ld Chinese wman walked slwly n t the stage.
【解析】
【详解】考查一般过去时。“在诺贝尔颁奖典礼上”表达为at the Nbel Prize Lecture；“2015年12月7日”表达为 n 7 December, 2015，在具体的某一天应用介词n；“一位84岁高龄的中国老奶奶”表达为an 84-year-ld Chinese wman；“慢慢地走上领奖台”表达为walked slwly n t the stage，此处为副词slwly修饰动词walked。根据句意可知，此处陈述过去发生的事情，故应用一般现在时，故翻译为：At the Nbel Prize Lecture n 7 December, 2015, an 84-year-ld Chinese wman walked slwly n t the stage.
92. 虽然互联网可以让人们更亲近，但它也会损害友谊。（汉译英）
______________________________________________________________
【答案】While the Internet can bring peple clser tgether, it can als harm friendships.
【解析】
【详解】考查让步状语从句和短语、情态动词。“虽然互联网可以让人们更亲近”可以翻译为While引导的让步状语从句，“互联网”译为the Internet，“可以”译为情态动词can，“让人们更亲近”译为bring peple clser tgether，“也”译为als，“损害友谊”译为harm friendships。故翻译为While the Internet can bring peple clser tgether, it can als harm friendships.
93. 京剧，作为中国文化珍宝之一，深受众多艺术爱好者的喜爱。（汉译英）
______________________________________________________________
【答案】Beijing Opera, as ne f Chinese cultural treasures, is deeply lved by many art lvers./Beijing Opera, ne f Chinese cultural treasures, is a favurite f many art lvers.
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构，时态，名词短语，动词短语。根据汉语可知，“京剧”为主语，用名词短语“Beijing Opera”表达；“作为”用介词“as”表达，“中国文化珍宝之一”用名词短语“ne f Chinese cultural treasures”表达，即“as ne f Chinese cultural treasures”，在句中作插入语，用逗号与主语隔开；“深受……的喜爱”可用动词短语“be deeply lved by…”表达，结合语境用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，这里用“is deeply lved by”；“众多艺术爱好者”用名词短语“many art lvers”。因此可翻译为“Beijing Opera, as ne f Chinese cultural treasures, is deeply lved by many art lvers.”
另：“京剧”为主语，用名词短语“Beijing Opera”表达；“（作为）中国文化珍宝之一”用名词短语“ne f Chinese cultural treasures”表达，在句中作“Beijing Opera”的同位语，用逗号与主语隔开；“深受……的喜爱”可用短语“be a favurite f...”表达，结合语境用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，这里用“is a favurite f”；“众多艺术爱好者”用名词短语“many art lvers”。因此可翻译为“Beijing Opera, ne f Chinese cultural treasures, is a favurite f many art lvers.”
故翻译为：Beijing Opera, as ne f Chinese cultural treasures, is deeply lved by many art lvers./Beijing Opera, ne f Chinese cultural treasures, is a favurite f many art lvers.
94. 在Jhn精彩的演讲中，他分享了他英语学习取得快速进步的原因。（汉译英）
______________________________________________________________
【答案】In his wnderful/remarkable speech, Jhn shared the reasns why he culd make rapid prgress in English.
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。“在Jhn精彩的演讲中”表达为in his wnderful/remarkable speech；“分享”表达为share；“原因”表达为the reasns；“取得快速进步”表达为make rapid prgress；“学习英语”表达为in English。根据句意可知，此处“他英语学习取得快速进步的原因”可用why引导的定语从句修饰先行词the reasns，表达为the reasns why he culd make rapid prgress in English，且此句讲述过去发生的事情，故应用一般过去时，故翻译为：In his wnderful/remarkable speech, Jhn shared the reasns why he culd make rapid prgress in English。
95. Sctt的团队在比赛中输了，但正是他们的勇气让他们成为了英雄。（汉译英）
______________________________________________________________
【答案】Sctt’s team failed in the race, but it was their great curage that made them heres.
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句和时态。此句陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时态。“Sctt的团队”表达为Sctt’s team；“输了”表达为动词fail；“在比赛中”表达为in the race；“Sctt的团队在比赛中输了”翻译为Sctt’s team failed in the race；“但”用连词but，“他们的勇气”表达为their great curage；“让他们成为了英雄”应用“make A (t be) B（使A成为B）”结构，表达为make them heres。根据句意可知，“正是他们的勇气让他们成为了英雄”可用强调句句型“it was +被强调部分+that+其他.”表达，此处强调主语their great curage，“正是他们的勇气让他们成为了英雄”表达为it was their great curage that made them heres；故翻译为：Sctt’s team failed in the race, but it was their great curage that made them heres.。
第二节 书面表达（满分15分）
96. 假定你是李华，你参加了学校上周举办的英语课本剧表演大赛（English Textbk Drama Cmpetitin），你的英国笔友Peter发邮件询问相关情况。请你给他回封邮件，内容包括：
1. 参赛过程；
2. 你的收获。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Peter,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Peter,
I hpe this email finds yu well. I’m writing t tell yu abut the English Textbk Drama Cmpetitin that was held at my schl last week.
The cmpetitin was intense, with many talented students participating. We all prepared fr weeks befrehand, practicing ur lines and perfecting ur perfrmances. On the day f the cmpetitin, we perfrmed in frnt f a large audience. Despite feeling nervus, I gave it my all and had a great time n stage.
Participating in the cmpetitin taught me a lt abut teamwrk and cmmunicatin. I als gained cnfidence in my public speaking skills and learned t vercme my nerves when perfrming in frnt f thers.
I genuinely hpe the infrmatin shared excites yur interest.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇是应用文写作。要求考生给英国笔友Peter回封邮件，介绍其参加英语课本剧表演大赛的过程和收获。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
比赛：cmpetitin→cntest
参加：participate→jin
准备：prepare→ready
获得：gain→btain
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The cmpetitin was intense, with many talented students participating.
拓展句：The cmpetitin, in which many talented students participated, was intense.
【点睛】[高分句型1]I’m writing t tell yu abut the English Textbk Drama Cmpetitin that was held at my schl last week.(that引导的定语从句)
[高分句型2]I als gained cnfidence in my public speaking skills and learned t vercme my nerves when perfrming in frnt f thers.(状语从句的省略)A. cmment B. apartment C. agreement D. equipment E. experiment F. requirement G. cmmitment
A. ambitin B. ppulatin C. applicatin D. descriptin E. Examinatin F. cnversatin G. cmpsitin
A. hesitate B. explre C. cmbine D. cnfirm E. cnduct F. encurage G. cntribute
A. curius B. general C. standard D. cmplex E. intelligent F. remarkable G. cnvenient
第一部分 听说考试（独立安排，满分20分）
第二部分 综合运用（共四节，满分55分）
第一节 课外阅读理解（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
On September 17 2022, a father and sn set ut t begin the first f three legs f the Irnman cmpetitin in Oxfrd. David, 59, and his sn, Jhn, 28, weren’t the typical cmpetitrs. Despite difficulty in walking, Jhn has his dream f being an athlete. His father wuld act as his arms and legs, carrying the weight f his sn thrughut the race.
T qualify as having finished, cmpetitrs must cmplete a hard 140 miles f swimming, bicycling and running in under 17 hurs. David and Jhn had participated tgether in five Irnman cmpetitins, but they had yet t finish in the required time.
The race began with a 2.4-mile swim in the Chptank River. With ne end f a rpe tied t a belt arund his back and the ther end t a bat with his sn inside, the father eased himself int the water. Swimming while carrying anther persn is tugh enugh — David als had t fight with jellyfish (水母).
The pair cmpleted the swim in 90 minutes, and went thrugh with the 112-mile bicycle ride in abut nine hurs, then set their sights n the final leg f the 26.2-mile marathn with David pushing Jhn in the racing chair.
With minutes left and 200 feet t the finish line, his mm, n the sidelines, handed him the rlling walker. Nt that lng ag, Jhn culd hardly walk 23 steps. But after years f painful training, he increased his step cunt and was determined t finish the race n his wn. He knew time was almst running ut and wrried they wuldn’t make the cutff. “Nt because I wuldn’t get my mment,” he says, “but because dad had wrked s hard.”
After 16 hurs, 55 minutes and 35 secnds — with just fur minutes and 25 secnds t spare — father and sn crssed the finish line tgether.
As the crwd flded and cheered n Jhn, the weary father kept a lw prfile. “He didn’t want his finish line mment,” says Jhn. “He wanted it t be mine.”
1. Hw did David help his sn in the swimming part?
A. By pulling a rpe tied t a bat.B. By swimming beside his sn.试卷源自 每日更新，更低价下载，欢迎访问。C. By pushing his sn’s lifebelt.D. By carrying his sn n his back.
2. Why did Jhn wrry abut nt making the cutff?
A. He wuldn’t get his mment.
B. His mm wuld be disappinted.
C. His father had put in lts f effrt.
D. The audience had high expectatins.
3. What can best describe David’s rle as a father?
A. Respnsible and selfless.B. Brave and hnest.
C. Cmmitted and friendly.D. Gentle and determined.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了2022年9月17日，一位59岁的父亲戴维和他的28岁儿子约翰参加了在牛津举行的铁人三项比赛。尽管约翰行动不便，但他梦想成为运动员，父亲充当他的手脚，全程背负儿子参赛。他们需在17小时内完成140英里的游泳、自行车骑行和跑步。经过不懈努力，两人最终携手跨过终点线，展现了深沉的父爱与非凡的毅力。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“With ne end f a rpe tied t a belt arund his back and the ther end t a bat with his sn inside, the father eased himself int the water. Swimming while carrying anther persn is tugh enugh — David als had t fight with jellyfish (水母).(父亲把绳子的一端绑在背上的皮带上，另一端绑在船上，船上有他的儿子，他慢慢地下水了。带着另一个人游泳已经够难的了——大卫还不得不和水母搏斗)”可知，大卫是通过拉一根系在自己背上和载着儿子的船之间的绳子来帮助儿子完成游泳部分的。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段的“He knew time was almst running ut and wrried they wuldn’t make the cutff. “Nt because I wuldn’t get my mment,” he says, “but because dad had wrked s hard.”(他知道时间几乎要耗尽了，担心他们无法在截止时间内完成。“并不是因为我无法得到属于我的那一刻，”他说，“而是因为爸爸付出了太多努力。”)”可知，约翰担心不能按时完成主要是因为他知道父亲付出了巨大的努力，他不想让父亲的努力白费。故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“Despite difficulty in walking, Jhn has his dream f being an athlete. His father wuld act as his arms and legs, carrying the weight f his sn thrughut the race.(尽管走路很困难，约翰仍有成为一名运动员的梦想。他的父亲会充当他的胳膊和腿，在整个比赛中承受着儿子的重量)”以及全文可知，整篇文章描述了大卫为了帮助残疾的儿子实现运动员的梦想，不辞辛劳，承担起儿子的重量，陪伴他完成艰难的铁人三项比赛。这种行为体现了极强的责任感和无私的爱。故选A。
B
Every mrning in graduate schl, Christy wuld wave t the wman selling ht dgs utside her building. “If she wasn’t there n a given day, things didn’t feel right. I missed her,” says Christy, nw a psychlgy (心理学) expert at a university in the U.K. “It was this huge surce f cmfrt and safety, and it was with smene I never talked t.”
That cnnectin satisfied a deep, bdily need fr Christy, just like water relieves thirst. Humans are intensely scial animals, and research increasingly suggests that lsing ur cnnectins t thers can negatively impact ur health. A 2023 reprt called widespread lneliness in the U.S. a deadly health risk cmparable t smking up t15 cigarettes (香烟) a day. On the ther hand, a Harvard study fund that having strng relatinships is key t living a lng and happy life. The study als shwed that peple between 80 and 89 years ld in happy marriages reprted that their happiness remained stable even n days when they were in greater physical pain.
But clse relatinships aren’t the nly scial ties that matter. Chatting with a stranger, giving a smile f recgnitin t the waiter in yur lcal cffee shp, r waving t the peple yu see every day at the park creates a much-needed sense f cmmunity. “We can’t achieve happiness by urselves. We simply cannt survive r live well withut feeling like we are accepted,” says Christy.
These “weak tie” relatinships aren’t a replacement fr the deeper, mre meaningful cnnectins we als need. But Christy says we shuld recgnize and celebrate their imprtance, and push urselves t engage in them because they’re s beneficial t ur sense f well-being. “I am nt utging,” she says. “And, at the same time, I lve talking t strangers. I believe that anyne can d it.”
4. Hw did Christy feel when she culdn’t see the wman as usual?
A. Safe.B. Disappinted.C. Angry.D. Satisfied.
5. What did the Harvard study find?
A. Older adults feel happier in marriages.
B. Physical pain negatively affects happiness.
C. Clse relatinships lead t lng-term well-being.
D. Happiness has little t d with scial cnnectins.
6. Why are “weak tie” relatinships meaningful?
A. They cntribute t ur happiness.B. They help us t be utging.
C. They replace clse relatinships.D. They push us t cmmunicate.
7. What is the best title fr the passage?
A. Advantages f Being LnelyB. Influence f Meeting New Peple
C. Value f Strng Scial CnnectinsD. Imprtance f “Weak Tie” Relatinships
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了与陌生人之间“弱联系”也能帮助我们提升幸福感。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段““If she wasn’t there n a given day, things didn’t feel right. I missed her,” says Christy, nw a psychlgy (心理学) expert at a university in the U.K. “It was this huge surce f cmfrt and safety, and it was with smene I never talked t.”(“如果某一天她不在，事情就会感觉不对劲。”克里斯蒂现在是英国一所大学的心理学专家，她说:“这是一个巨大的安慰和安全的来源，而且是和一个我从未说过话的人在一起。”)”可推知，当Christy不能像往常一样看见那个卖热狗的女人，她感到失望。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“On the ther hand, a Harvard study fund that having strng relatinships is key t living a lng and happy life.(另一方面，哈佛大学的一项研究发现，拥有牢固的人际关系是幸福长寿的关键)”可知，哈佛大学研究发现亲密的关系能带来长期的幸福。故选C。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“These “weak tie” relatinships aren’t a replacement fr the deeper, mre meaningful cnnectins we als need. But Christy says we shuld recgnize and celebrate their imprtance, and push urselves t engage in them because they’re s beneficial t ur sense f well-being.(这些“弱联系”关系并不能替代我们所需要的更深层、更有意义的联系。但克里斯蒂说，我们应该认识到并庆祝它们的重要性，并推动自己参与其中，因为它们对我们的幸福感非常有益)”可知，“弱联系”是有意义的，因为它们有助于我们的幸福感。故选A。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“That cnnectin satisfied a deep, bdily need fr Christy, just like water relieves thirst. Humans are intensely scial animals, and research increasingly suggests that lsing ur cnnectins t thers can negatively impact ur health.(这种联系满足了对克里斯蒂的身体深层需求，就像水可以解渴一样。人类是高度社会化的动物，越来越多的研究表明，失去与他人的联系会对我们的健康产生负面影响)”及最后一段“These “weak tie” relatinships aren’t a replacement fr the deeper, mre meaningful cnnectins we als need. But Christy says we shuld recgnize and celebrate their imprtance, and push urselves t engage in them because they’re s beneficial t ur sense f well-being.(这些“弱联系”关系并不能替代我们所需要的更深层、更有意义的联系。但克里斯蒂说，我们应该认识到并庆祝它们的重要性，并推动自己参与其中，因为它们对我们的幸福感非常有益)”可知，本文介绍了与陌生人之间的“弱联系”对我们来说很重要，能提升幸福感，D选项“‘弱联系’关系的重要性”符合本文主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选D。
C
Yung babies make many shrt and wrd-like sunds such as “ba” r “aga”. Thse early sunds are later replaced with wrds and, eventually, sentences. While sme f them are brn t be mre talkative than thers, a new study cnfirms that male babies make mre sunds than female babies in the first year.
While the research cnfirms earlier findings frm a much smaller study by the same team, they still cme as a surprise. That’s because there’s a cmmn and lng-held belief that females have an advantage ver males in language.
In the study, Dr Kim and his team included mre than 450,000 hurs f all-day recrdings f 5,899 babies, using a device abut the size f an iPd. Thse recrdings were prcessed t cunt the number f wrds spken by babies and adults acrss the first tw years f life.
Generally, the data shwed that male babies made 10% mre sunds in the first year cmpared t females. In the secnd year, the difference turned directins, with female babies making abut 7% mre sunds than males. Thse differences were bserved even thugh the number f wrds spken by adults caring fr thse babies was higher fr female babies in bth years cmpared t males.
Why, then, wuld male babies be mre talkative than females in the first year and nt later? “We think it may be because bys are mre likely t die in the first year than girls. Given that s many male deaths happen in the first year, bys may have been under especially high selectin pressure t prduce fitness signals t express their wellness and imprve their chances f surviving,” says Kim. By the secnd year f life, as death rates drp sharply acrss the bard, he added, “the pressure n special fitness signaling is lwer fr bth bys and girls.”
8. Why are the findings f the new study surprising?
A. They are similar t earlier nes.
B. They shw males are mre talkative.
C. They g against peple’s cmmn belief.
D. They shw babies learn language differently
9. What did the study find abut male babies in the secnd year?
A. They received mre language input.
B. They shwed better language abilities.
C. They cmmunicated mre with adults.
D. They made less sunds than female babies.
10. What might cause the change in sund prductin fr male babies?
A. Imprved language skills.B. Change in living envirnment.
C. Less need fr fitness signaling.D. Increase in scial cmmunicatin.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，研究表明，男婴在出生的第一年发音比女婴多，而在第二年，发出的声音比女婴要少，文章解释了这种现象的原因。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“While sme f them are brn t be mre talkative than thers, a new study cnfirms that male babies make mre sunds than female babies in the first year.(虽然有些婴儿生来就比其他人更健谈，但一项新的研究证实，男婴在出生第一年发出的声音比女婴更多)”及第二段“While the research cnfirms earlier findings frm a much smaller study by the same team, they still cme as a surprise. That’s because there’s a cmmn and lng-held belief that females have an advantage ver males in language.(虽然这项研究证实了同一团队先前进行的一项规模小得多的研究的结果，但它们仍然令人惊讶。这是因为人们长期以来普遍认为，女性在语言方面比男性更有优势。)”可知，新的研究表明男婴在出生的第一年发音比女婴多，与长期以来人们普遍女性在语言方面比男性更有优势这一观点相悖，这是令人惊讶的。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“In the secnd year, the difference turned directins, with female babies making abut 7% mre sunds than males.(在第二年，这种差异转向了方向，女婴发出的声音比男婴多7%)”可知，第二年，男婴发出的声音比女婴要少。故选D。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段““We think it may be because bys are mre likely t die in the first year than girls. Given that s many male deaths happen in the first year, bys may have been under especially high selectin pressure t prduce fitness signals t express their wellness and imprve their chances f surviving,” says Kim. By the secnd year f life, as death rates drp sharply acrss the bard, he added, “the pressure n special fitness signaling is lwer fr bth bys and girls.”(“我们认为这可能是因为男孩在第一年比女孩更容易死亡。鉴于如此多的男性死亡发生在第一年，男孩可能在特别高的选择压力下产生健康信号来表达他们的健康和提高他们的生存机会，”Kim说。他补充说，到婴儿出生后第二年，随着死亡率全面大幅下降，“男孩和女孩在特殊健康信号方面的压力都较低。”)”可知，男婴在第二年发出更少的声音也许是由于第二年死亡压力减少，所以需要更少的信号来表达健康需求。故选C。
第二节 课内阅读理解（满分10分）
（一）不定项选择（共2小题；每小题2分，满分4分）
阅读下面课内节选文本，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出一个或多个正确的选项，漏选或多选不得分。
The bat was n the inside f the huge whirlpl and we were ging rund in circles at great speed. I saw clearly that there were ther bjects in the whirlpl — trees and barrels. After a while, I became curius abut the whirlpl itself. I then made three imprtant bservatins. The first, the larger the bdies were, the mre rapidly they fell; the secnd, between tw bjects f equal extent, spheres — rund bjects — fell dwn less rapidly; and the third, between tw bjects f the same size, cylinders — bjects shaped like a tube-fell dwn mre slwly. Althugh I didn’t knw why it was s, I tied myself t a barrel t help me flat. I tried t make my brther understand, but he was t frightened and stayed in the heavy bat. Withut waiting, I jumped int the sea t try and escape.
Since my escape, I have had several cnversatins with an ld physics teacher; and it was frm him that I learned the use f the wrds “cylinder” and “sphere”. He explained t me the reasns fr what I bserved, althugh I have frgtten the explanatin. He even shwed me hw it happened that a cylinder, swimming in a vrtex (漩涡), was drawn in with greater difficulty than an equally big bdy, f any frm whatever.
11. Why has the stryteller frgtten the teacher’s explanatin?
A. He was t afraid t listen carefully.
B He didn’t knw much abut physics.
C. The teacher didn’t explain the ideas clearly.
D. The teacher didn’t understand his bservatins.
12. Hw did the stryteller survive?
A. He kept calm.B. He bserved carefully.
C. He jumped int the sea.D. He tied himself t a barrel.
【答案】11. B 12. ABCD
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了我在巨大的漩涡里，通过自己的观察，找到了最佳的逃跑方式，且事后与物理老师交流，懂得了“圆柱体”和“球体”这两个词的使用。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Since my escape, I have had several cnversatins with an ld physics teacher; and it was frm him that I learned the use f the wrds “cylinder” and “sphere”. He explained t me the reasns fr what I bserved, althugh I have frgtten the explanatin.(自从我逃离后，我和一位物理老师进行了几次谈话；正是从他那里，我获得了“圆柱体”和“球体”这两个词的使用。他向我解释了我观察到的原因，尽管我忘记了解释。)”可推知，作者是在逃离之后与物理老师谈话，从而得到了两个词的使用，老师向他解释了观察到的原因，作者却记不住的原因是因为作者不是物理专业的学生，对物理的了解不多，故选B。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“After a while, I became curius abut the whirlpl itself. I then made three imprtant bservatins.(一会之后，我对漩涡本身很好奇。然后就做了三次重要的观察。)”、“Althugh I didn’t knw why it was s, I tied myself t a barrel t help me flat.(尽管我不知道为什么如此，但我把自己绑在一个桶上帮助自己浮起来。)”以及“Withut waiting, I jumped int the sea t try and escape.(没有等待，我一下子跳进海里，试图逃跑。)”可知，作者行驶的船在巨大的漩涡里，已经很危险了，但作者还是能观察周围的事物，故说明作者很冷静且观察仔细；通过将自己绑在桶上并跳入海中来逃生，故选ABCD。
（二）语句排序（共6小题；每小题0.5分，满分3分）
13. 下列选项A至F是关于Christpher Reeve的经历，请按照先后顺序排列。
A. He was thrwn ff his hrse and brke his neck.
B. He became an advcate fr peple with back injuries.
C. He undertk an intense exercise prgramme t rebuild muscle.
D. His wife, family and friends helped him find the will t live again.
E. He wished that he was dead and even thught f ending his wn life.
F. His injuries were s severe that he had n mvement r feeling in his bdy.
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________
【答案】 ①. A ②. F ③. E ④. D ⑤. C ⑥. B
【解析】
【详解】考查事例排序。“A. He was thrwn ff his hrse and brke his neck.”意为“A. 他从马背上摔下来，摔断了脖子。”；“B. He became an advcate fr peple with back injuries.”意为“B. 他成为了背部受伤的人的拥护者。”；“C. He undertk an intense exercise prgramme t rebuild muscle.”意为“C. 他进行了强度很大的锻炼项目来增强肌肉。”；“D. His wife, family and friends helped him find the will t live again.”意为“D. 他的妻子、家人和朋友帮助他找到了活下去的毅力。”；“E. He wished that he was dead and even thught f ending his wn life.”意为“E. 他希望他死了，甚至还想过结束自己的生命。”；“F. His injuries were s severe that he had n mvement r feeling in his bdy.”意为“F. 他首先如此严重，以至于他无法移动，对身体没有了感觉。”。根据句意可知，关于Christpher Reeve的经历的顺序应为“从马背上摔下来——受伤严重，无法移动——想死掉——家人和朋友帮助他找到活下去的希望——进行康复训练——成为了拥护者”，故顺序为AFEDCB。
（三）句子翻译（共2小题；每小题1.5分，满分3分）
阅读下面文段，并把下面两个句子翻译成中文。
The Starry Night was painted in June 1889 when Vincent van Ggh was staying at a hme fr the mentally ill. Van Ggh painted the night sky with cluds, stars and a mn. Hwever, he didn’t just paint the cluds. He als painted the massive circles f white and yellw racing acrss the sky. The stars and the mn hang bright in the night sky. Beneath this amazing sky, we see a sleeping village and a dark, lnely tree.
14. He als painted the massive circles f white and yellw racing acrss the sky.
_______________________________________________________________
15. Beneath this amazing sky, we see a sleeping village and a dark, lnely tree.
_______________________________________________________________
【答案】14. 他还画了在天空中相互追逐的巨大白色和黄色光圈。
15. 在这片神奇的夜空下，我们看到了一个沉睡的村庄和一棵黑暗孤独的树。
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了梵高所画的《星夜》。
【14题详解】
考查句子结构。分析句子可知，本句是简单的主谓宾结构。主语是He “他”；谓语动词als painted“还画了”；the massive circles f white and yellw racing acrss the sky.“在天空中相互追逐的巨大白色和黄色光圈”为宾语，宾语中racing acrss the sky为现在分词作定语，修饰the massive circles f white and yellw，故翻译为：他还画了在天空中相互追逐的巨大白色和黄色光圈。
【15题详解】
考查句子结构。分析句子可知，此句为“状语+简单句”结构，“Beneath this amazing sky在这片神奇的夜空下”为地点状语；简单句中，we“我们”为主语，see“看到”为宾语，a sleeping village and a dark, lnely tree“一个沉睡的村庄和一棵黑暗孤独的树”为宾语，故本句翻译为：在这片神奇的夜空下，我们看到了一个沉睡的村庄和一棵黑暗孤独的树。
第三节 选句填空（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
D Animals Have Friends?
When yu see little animals playing tgether arund a tree, r a cat and dg sleeping tgether in the living rm, d yu ever think — are they friends? One expert, Mike, believes that many animals d have friends. If they’re in the same grup, they greet ne anther, travel tgether, play tgether and even share fd with each ther. ____16____
Playing tgether helps animals keep them clse t the grup. Wild dgs wh dn’t play much are mre likely t leave the grup n their wn. ____17____ If an animal has a special friend, bth friends benefit by having smene t watch ut fr them. In the case f a yung rhin (犀牛) ging n its first jurney, it may lk fr an lder travel friend. ____18____
Sharing is anther imprtant part f friendship. Fr all animals, finding fd is a matter f life and death. Fr sme bats in Central and Suth America, if they dn’t get a bld meal every three days, they die f hunger. ____19____ If a bat desn’t find fd, a full bat will thrw up sme bld frm its stmach int the muth f the hungry friend.
But smetimes members f a grup als cmpete fr fd and mates, which can lead t fights. S making up after fights is a key skill. Smetimes after tw male mnkeys have a fight, they will sit apart, aviding each ther. ____20____ An lder female mnkey may need t step in t play peace-maker. She will walk up t ne f them, kiss r tuch him, then slwly walk tward the ther. Then she sits clse t the secnd male. Bth start grming (梳毛) her. When she leaves, they cntinue t grm each ther, as if t say, “We’re cl nw.”
A. Each wants the ther t make the first mve.
B. Yung animals ften team up fr prtectin.
C. But hungry bats dn’t need t wrry if they have friends.
D. And leaving the prtectin f the grup can be dangerus.
E. These friendly behavirs can be imprtant fr an animal t survive.
F. The friend helps t find fd and water, and avid dangerus animals.
G. Bats take bld frm sleeping animals, but they are surprisingly gd friends.
【答案】16. E 17. D 18. F 19. C 20. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇关于动物之间友谊的说明文。文章通过专家Mike的观点和具体的例子，探讨了动物之间是否存在朋友关系，以及这种关系如何影响它们的生存和行为。
【16题详解】
上文“If they’re in the same grup, they greet ne anther, travel tgether, play tgether and even share fd with each ther.(如果它们在同一个群体中，它们会相互问候，一起旅行，一起玩耍，甚至分享食物。)”提到动物的一些互动行为，结合下文“Playing tgether helps animals keep them clse t the grup.(一起玩耍有助于动物们与群体保持亲密关系)”可知，下文是描述这些行为的好处，选项E“这些友好行为对于动物的生存很重要”承上启下，符合语境。因此，正确选项是E。
【17题详解】
上文提到“Wild dgs wh dn’t play much are mre likely t leave the grup n their wn (不经常玩耍的野狗更有可能独自离开群体。)”，说明不经常玩耍的野狗更可能独自离开群体。选项D“离开群体的保护可能是危险的”与上文的语境相吻合，强调了群体保护的重要性。因此，正确选项是D。
【18题详解】
上文提到“If an animal has a special friend, bth friends benefit by having smene t watch ut fr them (如果一个动物有一个特别的朋友，那么两个朋友都会因为有人照看而受益。)”，说明拥有特殊朋友可以为彼此提供保护。选项F“这个朋友会帮助寻找食物和水，避免危险的动物”与上文的语境相吻合，强调了朋友在生存中的互助作用。因此，正确选项是F。
【19题详解】
上文提到“Fr sme bats in Central and Suth America, if they dn’t get a bld meal every three days, they die f hunger (对于中美洲和南美洲的一些蝙蝠来说，如果它们每三天没有一顿血液食物，它们就会饿死。)”，说明某些蝙蝠如果每三天没有血液食物就会饿死，下文“If a bat desn’t find fd, a full bat will thrw up sme bld frm its stmach int the muth f the hungry friend.(如果一只蝙蝠找不到食物，一只吃饱了的蝙蝠会从胃里吐出一些血到饥饿的朋友嘴里)”提到朋友会提供帮助，选项C“如果它们有朋友，饥饿的蝙蝠就不需要担心。”与上文的语境相吻合，引起下文，强调了朋友在食物共享中的作用。因此，正确选项是C。
【20题详解】
上文提到“Smetimes after tw male mnkeys have a fight, they will sit apart, aviding each ther (有时两只雄性猴子打斗后，它们会分开坐，避开彼此。)”，选项A“每个人都希望对方先采取行动”与上文的语境相吻合，each指代的就是上文中的猴子，描述了猴子在打架后的行为和心理状态。因此，正确选项是A。
第四节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was sixty-eight years ld and retired when ur church (教堂) jined a prisn service grup. We went n a tur f the wmen prisn (监狱). The metal drs gave me a sense f ____21____. I knew I culdn’t stand being lcked behind thse drs, ____22____ as a vlunteer wh knew she was getting ut.
Then Marg a yung but experienced vlunteer in the prisn, ____23____ me t be her partner. She felt she culd ____24____ the wmen by speaking t their needs. Her psitive attitude slwly built my ____25____, and I accepted her invitatin.
Later, Marg and I scheduled ur first visit. ____26____, when we arrived at the prisn, the wmen ____27____ t cme ut as they were watching TV. And when I arrived the next week fr the secnd visit, I was tld Marg culdn’t ____28____! Hw was I suppsed t deal with them when she was absent? Waiting alne ____29____, I almst jumped at the sund f the dr unlcking. One by ne, the wmen in range entered the rm. I saw daughters, mthers, and grandmthers. They had all nce made bad decisins but they wanted t ____30____. Suddenly, I felt n fear and culdn’t wait t share ____31____ wrds with these wmen. Befre I knew it, ur meeting had ended and the wmen were ____32____ me.
Fifteen years have passed nw and I ____33____ t g weekly t the prisn. The greatest ____34____ is t hear them say “thanks, Granny Bev,” as they fllw the guard back t their rms, and I g thrugh the ____35____ drs that nce brught me fear.
21. A. curisityB. fearC. surpriseD. sadness
22. A. rarelyB. especiallyC. evenD. just
23. A. invitedB. frcedC. allwedD. hired
24. A. cntrlB. influenceC. cheatD. judge
25. A. capacityB. patienceC. cnfidenceD. reputatin
26. A. MreverB. TherefreC. OtherwiseD. Hwever
27. A. plannedB. refusedC. managedD. ffered
28. A. stayB. speakC. cmeD. walk
29. A. nervuslyB. excitedlyC. expectantlyD. angrily
30. A. surviveB. escapeC. relaxD. change
31. A. encuragingB. interestingC. pliteD. tugh
32. A. cngratulatingB. askingC. thankingD. bserving
33. A. stpB. struggleC. frgetD. cntinue
34. A. satisfactinB. interestC. disappintmentD. wish
35. A. hiddenB. sameC. mentalD. wden
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一位68岁的退休女士在教堂的引导下成为监狱志愿者，克服恐惧与囚犯交流，最终帮助并改变她们的故事。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些金属门给我一种恐惧感。A. curisity好奇；B. fear恐惧；C. surprise惊讶；D. sadness悲伤。根据下文“I knew I culdn’t stand being lcked behind thse drs”可知，作者害怕被关在门后，此处表示金属门给作者一种恐惧的感觉。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我知道我无法忍受被锁在那些门后面，即使是作为一名知道自己会出去的志愿者。A. rarely很少；B. especially尤其；C. even甚至，即使；D. just仅仅。根据下文“as a vlunteer wh knew she was getting ut”以及语境可知，此处强调作者的恐惧感尤为强烈，即使知道自己会出去，依然无法忍受被锁在那些门后面。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，玛戈，一个年轻但经验丰富的监狱志愿者，邀请我做她的搭档。A. invited邀请；B. frced强迫；C. allwed允许；D. hired雇佣。根据下文“I accepted her invitatin.”可知，此处表示玛戈邀请作者成为她的搭档。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她觉得通过满足她们的需求，可以说服这些女性。A. cntrl控制；B. influence影响；C. cheat欺骗；D. judge判断。根据下文“by speaking t their needs”可知，玛戈希望通过满足需求来正面影响这些女性。故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她积极的态度慢慢建立了我的信心，我接受了她的邀请。A. capacity能力；B. patience耐心；C. cnfidence信心；D. reputatin声誉。根据上文“Her psitive attitude”可知，玛戈的积极态度让作者有了信心。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我们到达监狱时，女囚们因为正在看电视而拒绝出来。A. Mrever此外；B. Therefre因此；C. Otherwise否则；D. Hwever然而。根据上文“Later, Marg and I scheduled ur first visit.”以及下文“when we arrived at the prisn, the wmen __7__ t cme ut as they were watching TV.”可知，前后文表示转折关系，此处应用Hwever表示“然而”。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我们到达监狱时，女囚们因为正在看电视而拒绝出来。A. planned计划；B. refused拒绝；C. managed设法；D. ffered提供。根据下文“as they were watching TV”以及语境可知，她们因看电视而拒绝出来。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我下周第二次去的时候，我被告知玛戈不能来了！A. stay停留；B. speak说话；C. cme来；D. walk走路。根据下文“Hw was I suppsed t deal with them when she was absent?”可知，玛戈不能来监狱了。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我一个人紧张地等待着，门锁的声音几乎让我跳了起来。A. nervusly紧张地；B. excitedly兴奋地；C. expectantly期待地；D. angrily生气地。根据下文“I almst jumped at the sund f the dr unlcking.”以及语境可知，作者是紧张地等待。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她们都曾做过错误的决定，但她们想要改变。A. survive生存；B. escape逃跑；C. relax放松；D. change改变。根据上文“They had all nce made bad decisins but they wanted t”可知，此处表示这些女性虽然犯过错，但她们有改变的意愿。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：突然间，我不再害怕，迫不及待地想与这些女性分享鼓励的话语。A. encuraging鼓励的；B. interesting有趣的；C. plite礼貌的；D. tugh艰难的。根据上文“Suddenly, I felt n fear”可知，作者想要分享的是鼓励的话语。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不知不觉中，我们的见面结束了，女人们都在感谢我。A. cngratulating祝贺；B. asking询问；C. thanking感谢；D. bserving观察。根据下文“thanks, Granny Bev”可知，女人们在感谢作者。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：十五年过去了，我仍然每周都去监狱。A. stp停止；B. struggle挣扎；C. frget忘记；D. cntinue继续。根据上文“Fifteen years have passed nw”可知，作者持续这个行为长达十五年，一直在继续。故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：最大的满足就是听到她们在狱警的带领下回房间时说：“谢谢，格兰尼·贝夫”，而我则穿过曾经让我恐惧的同样的大门。A. satisfactin满足；B. interest兴趣；C. disappintment失望；D. wish愿望。根据下文“t hear them say “thanks, Granny Bev,””可知，听到她们的感谢让作者感到满足。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. hidden隐藏的；B. same同样的；C. mental精神的；D. wden木制的。根据下文“drs that nce brught me fear”可知，这里指的是作者最初感到恐惧的那些相同的门。故选B项。
第三部分 知识基础（共五节，满分45分）
第一节 词汇中英匹配（共20小题；每小题0.5分，满分10分）
第一组
匹配单词
36. 实验
37. 投入
38. 同意
39. 评论
40. 设备
【答案】36. E 37. G
38. C 39. A
40. D
【解析】
【36题详解】
考查名词。根据汉语释义“实验”可知，应是名词“experiment”。故选E项。
【37题详解】
考查名词。根据汉语释义“投入”可知，应是名词“cmmitment”。故选G项。
【38题详解】
考查名词。根据汉语释义“同意”可知，应是名词“agreement”。故选C项。
【39题详解】
考查名词。根据汉语释义“评论”可知，应是名词“cmment”。故选A项。
【40题详解】
考查名词。根据汉语释义“设备”可知，应是名词“equipment”。故选D项。
第二组
匹配单词
41. 交谈
42. 作文
43. 描述
44. 应用
45. 抱负
【答案】41. F 42. G
43. D 44. C
45. A
【解析】
【41题详解】
考查名词。“交谈”的英语表达应是cnversatin。故选F项。
【42题详解】
考查名词。“作文”的英语表达应是cmpsitin。故选G项。
【43题详解】
考查名词。“描述”的英语表达应是descriptin。故选D项。
【44题详解】
考查名词。“应用”的英语表达应是applicatin。故选C项。
【45题详解】
考查名词。“抱负”的英语表达应是ambitin。故选A项。
第三组
匹配单词
46. 探险
47. 犹豫
48. 确认
49. 实施
50. 鼓励
【答案】46. B 47. A
48. D 49. E
50. F
【解析】
【46题详解】
考查动词。根据汉语释义“探险”可知，应是动词“explre”。故选B项。
【47题详解】
考查动词。根据汉语释义“犹豫”可知，应是动词“hesitate”。故选A项。
【48题详解】
考查动词。根据汉语释义“确认”可知，应是动词“cnfirm”。故选D项。
【49题详解】
考查动词。根据汉语释义“实施”可知，应是动词“cnduct”。故选E项。
50题详解】
考查动词。根据汉语释义“鼓励”可知，应是动词“encurage”。故选F项。
第四组
匹配单词
51. 普遍的
52. 好奇的
53. 复杂的
54. 标准的
55. 便利的
【答案】51. B 52. A
53. D 54. C
55. G
【解析】
【51题详解】
“普遍的”为形容词，表达为general，故选B。
【52题详解】
“好奇的”为形容词，表达为curius，故选A。
【53题详解】
“复杂的”为形容词，表达为cmplex，故选D。
【54题详解】
“标准的”为形容词，表达为standard，故选C。
【55题详解】
“便利的”为形容词，表达为cnvenient，故选G。
【点睛】
第二节 语义匹配（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
根据句子内容，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出与句中划线部分意义最接近的选项。
56. I’ve always wanted t imprve my cking skills, s recently when I saw an advertisement fr a cking class, I decided t sign up fr it.
A. teach the cking class
B. take the cking curse
C. design an advertisement fr the class
D. write dwn the name f the advertisement
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：我一直想提高我的烹饪技能，所以最近当我看到一个烹饪班的广告时，我决定报名参加。由“I’ve always wanted t imprve my cking skills”和“advertisement fr a cking class”可知，句子表示“我一直想提高我的烹饪技能，所以最近当我看到一个烹饪班的广告时，我决定报名参加”，sign up fr it的意思是“报名参加这个课程”，也就是读这个烹饪课程，即take the cking curse。故选B。
57. When I was being unfairly treated by ther children, my friend Sarah came t my defence, which mved me a lt.
A. cried fr meB. supprted meC. came t hit meD. played with me
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我受到其他孩子的不公平对待时，我的朋友Sarah为我辩护，这让我很感动。A.cried fr me为我哭泣；B.supprted me支持我；C.came t hit me来打我；D. played with me陪我玩。根据句中“I was being unfairly treated”及“mved me a lt”可知，朋友在我遭受不公平对待时为我辩护，划线部分意为“为我辩护”，与B选项“支持我”意思相近。故选B。
58. As she walked twards the stage, the nervus singer had t swallw her anxiety in rder t make a cnfident perfrmance.
A. keep herself activeB. drink sme water
C. calm herself dwnD. take a deep breath
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当这位紧张的歌手走向舞台时，她不得不强忍住自己的焦虑，以便自信地表演。A. keep herself active保持活跃；B. drink sme water喝点水；C. calm herself dwn冷静下来；D. take a deep breath深呼吸。根据前文“the nervus singer”以及后文“in rder t make a cnfident perfrmance”可知，此处应是“让紧张的自己冷静下来，以便自信地表演”之意，推知swallw her anxiety是“冷静下来”之意，和C项意思相近。故选C项。
59. Inspired by his struggles with deafness, Ludwig van Beethven prduced sme amazing pieces. He prceeded with his cmpsitin until his death.
A. kept practicing the pian
B. went n t make his skills perfect
C. cntinued t write musical wrks
D. studied hw t write a cmpsitin
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查短语释义。句意：受到与耳聋斗争的启发，Ludwig van Beethven创作了一些令人惊叹的作品。他一直创作直到去世。A. kept practicing the pian坚持练习钢琴；B. went n t make his skills perfect继续完善自己的技能；C. cntinued t write musical wrks继续创作音乐作品；D. studied hw t write a cmpsitin学习如何写作文。根据前文的“prduced sme amazing pieces(创作一些令人惊叹的作品)”的提示可知，此处“prceeded with his cmpsitin”与C项“继续创作音乐作品”意思相近，受到耳聋斗争的启发，他创作了一些作品，直到死，都在不停地创作作品，故选C。
60. As the final, jyus nte signalled the end f the symphny, the audience jumped t their feet, clapping, cheering and waving their hats.
A. jumped frwardB. decided t leave
C. stepped n their feetD. std up in excitement
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查短语释义。句意：当最后一个欢快的音符示意着交响乐的结束时，观众跳起来，鼓掌、欢呼并挥舞着帽子。根据后文“clapping, cheering and waving their hats”可知，观众鼓掌、欢呼并挥舞着帽子，故观众是很激动很高兴的情绪，故此处的“jumped t their feet”与D项“激动地站起来”意思相近，故选D。
61. He spke sharply t his daughter and made her cry.
A. in a strict and angry wayB. in a lud and cnfident way
C. in a funny and direct wayD. in a sad and emtinal way
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：他严厉地对女儿说话，把她弄哭了。A. in a strict and angry way以一种严厉而愤怒的方式；B. in a lud and cnfident way以一种响亮而自信的方式；C. in a funny and direct way以一种有趣而直接的方式；D. in a sad and emtinal way以悲伤和情绪化的方式。根据句中made her cry可知，他在严厉地对女儿说话，sharply意为“严厉地”，与A项意义相近。故选A项。
62. She was the first Chinese female scientist t be awarded a Nbel Prize in recgnitin f her wrk.
A. t hnr her wrkB. t identify her at wrk
C. t give mney fr her wrkD. t supprt her achievement
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语。句意：她是第一位获得诺贝尔奖以表彰其工作的中国女科学家。画线部分in recgnitin f her wrk.表示“表彰她的工作”。A. t hnr her wrk为了奖励她的工作；B. t identify her at wrk为了辨认她的工作；C. t give mney fr her wrk因为她的工作给予金钱；D. t supprt her achievement为了支持她的成就。根据句意可知，画线部分与A项意思相近，故选A。
63. The painting shws a thin figure with an expressin f fear.
A. a small number f scary peple
B. a little man shuting fearful wrds
C. a thin face shwing a feeling f anxiety
D. the shape f a thin man with a scared face
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：这幅画描绘了一个瘦弱的人，脸上带着恐惧的表情。A.a small number f scary peple一小部分可怕的人；B.a little man shuting fearful wrds一个喊着可怕的话的小个子男人；C.a thin face shwing a feeling f anxiety瘦削的脸上流露出焦虑的神情；D.the shape f a thin man with a scared face一个瘦削的男人，脸上带着恐惧。根据句意，a thin figure with an expressin f fear表示“一个瘦削的身影，脸上带着恐惧的表情”。故选D。
64. Reeve starred in fur Superman films frm 1978 t 1987.
A. picked sme starsB. played the lead character
C. acted as the character f a starD. became famus fr his characters
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查单词释义。句意：从1978年到1987年在四部《超人》电影中扮演主角。此处“star”意为“扮演主角”，故其意思与B项“扮演主角”意思相近，故选B。
65. I culd tell yu lts and lts abut this jurney. What stries yu wuld have fr the by… but what a price t pay.
A. yu need t pay meB. I have a gift fr yu
C. the lss is t greatD. it csts much mney
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查短语释义。句意：关于这次旅行，我可以告诉你很多很多。你想给孩子讲些什么故事，但要付出多大的代价。根据短语“what a price t pay这是多大的代价啊”可知，此处意为要付出代价，与C项“损失很大”意思相近，故选C。
第三节 语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
请选择单词与音标匹配正确的选项。
66.
A. variety /ˈveəraɪti/B. escape /eˈskɪp/
C. privacy /ˈprarɪvəsi/D. figure /ˈfaɪgə(r)/
67.
A. daring /ˈdaːrɪŋ/B. appreciate /əpriːˈʃieɪt/
C. passin /ˈpeɪʃn/D. identity /aɪ’dentəti/
68.
A. thrughut /θruːˈaʊt/B. disease /diːˈsiːs/
C. within /ˈwɪθɪn/D. mment /ˈmɒmənt/
69.
A. update /,ʌpˈdaɪt/B. shift /ʃɪft/
C. injury /ɪnˈdʒɜːri/D. emtin /eˈməʊʃn/
70.
A. depressin /dɪˈpreʃn/B. breathe /breθ/
C. cncentrate /kɒnsnˈtreɪt/D. sftware /ˈsuːftweə/
【答案】66. C 67. D 68. A 69. B 70. A
【解析】
【66题详解】
考查音标。A.variety/vəˈraɪəti/; B.escape /ɪˈskeɪp/; C.privacy /ˈprarɪvəsi/ ; D.figure /ˈfɪɡə(r)/。故选C项。
【67题详解】
考查音标。A.daring/ˈdeərɪŋ/; B.appreciate /əˈpriːʃieɪt/;C.passin/ˈpæʃ(ə)n/；D.identity /aɪ’dentəti/。故选D。
【68题详解】
考查音标。A.thrughut /θruːˈaʊt/;B.disease/dɪˈziːz/;C.within /wɪˈðɪn/；D.mment/ˈməʊmənt/。故选A。
【69题详解】
考查音标。A.update ˌ/ʌpˈdeɪt/;B.shift /ʃɪft/; C.injury /ˈɪndʒəri/; D.emtin /ɪˈməʊʃ(ə)n/。故选B。
【70题详解】
考查音标。A.depressin /dɪˈpreʃn/;B.breathe /briːð/;C./ˈkɒns(ə)ntreɪ/;D.sftware/ˈsɒftweə(r)/。故选A。
第四节 看音标写单词（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
看音标写单词
71. /ˈhæpi/ ____________
72. /tʃeɪndʒ/ ____________
73. /ˈmetl/ ____________
74. /ˈsʌmə(r)/ ____________
75. /ˈdʒenərəs/ ____________
【答案】71. happy
72. change 73. metal/mettle
74. summer 75. generus
【解析】
【71题详解】
音标/ˈhæpi/拼写为单词happy，意思为：开心的，形容词。故填happy。
【72题详解】
音标/tʃeɪndʒ/拼写为单词change，意思为：改变，名词或者形容词。故填change。
【73题详解】
音标/ˈmetl/拼写为单词metal/mettle，metal意思为：金属，名词；mettle意思为：奋斗精神；毅力，名词。故填metal/mettle。
【74题详解】
音标/ˈsʌmə(r)/拼写为单词summer，意思为：夏天，名词。故填summer。
【75题详解】
音标/ˈdʒenərəs/拼写为单词generus，意思为：慷慨的，大方的，形容词。故填generus。
第五节 单句语法填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
根据句意，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
76. She gave a wnderful ____________ (perfrm) in the Peple’s Theatre last week. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】perfrmance
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：她上星期在人民剧院作了精彩的表演。空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，perfrm的名词形式是perfrmance，根据空前的a可知，用单数形式。故填perfrmance。
77. The lab in________ they wrked has pr air quality. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】which
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们工作的实验室空气质量很差。此处为介词+关系代词结构引导的定语从句修饰先行词lab，先行词lab作介词in的宾语，表示物，用关系代词which指代lab。故填which。
78. I was still tied t the barrel, and the waves sn carried me t an area ________ the ther fishermen were. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我仍然被绑在木桶上，海浪很快把我带到了其他渔民所在的地方。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是area，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
79. He rganized many ____________ (peace) prtests, but he was put behind bars many times fr ding s. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】peaceful##peace
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他阻止了几次和平抗议，但却因此多次被关进监狱。此处作定语，修饰名词prtests，可以用形容词peaceful“和平的”，也可以用名词peace“和平”作定语。故填peaceful/peace。
80. ____________ is strange is that she always wears sunglasses indrs, even at night. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】What
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：奇怪的是，她总是在室内戴着墨镜，甚至在晚上也是如此。根据句中的第二个系动词is及其后that引导的表语从句可知，空处应为主语从句的引导词，主语从句中缺少主语，表示“奇怪的事情”，应填what引导主语从句并在主语从句中作主语，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。
81. Beethven jumped abut in frnt f the rchestra, ________ (wave) his arms wildly. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】waving
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：贝多芬在乐团面前跳来跳去，疯狂地挥舞着手臂。分析句子结构可知，wave在句中不是谓语动词，它与句子主语Beethven 在逻辑上是主动关系，因此使用现在分词作状语。故填waving。
82. Althugh I have tried my best, all my effrts ended in ____________ (fail). （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】failure
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：尽管我已经尽了最大努力，但我所有的努力都以失败告终。fail是动词，意思是“失败”。横线前有介词，说明横线处应该填名词，fail的名词是failure，抽象名词，不可数，固定短语：end in failure“以失败告终”。故答案是failure。
83. First, his tw sledges ____________ (break) dwn and then the hrses began t have serius difficulties with the snw and the cld. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】brke
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：首先，他的两辆雪橇坏了，然后马开始在雪和寒冷中遇到严重的困难。此处作谓语动词，主语为his tw sledges，break dwn为不及物动词作谓语动词，且根据后文的began可知，此处应用过去时，故填brke。
84. She has a strng desire ____________ (catch) up n her reading during the hlidays. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】t catch
【解析】
【详解】考查不定式。句意：她渴望在假期的时候赶上阅读的进度。此处为“渴望做某事”，表达为have a desire t d sth.，故此处应用不定式作定语，故填t catch。
85. Cmmunicating thrugh a screen makes ____________ mre difficult fr children t cncentrate. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】it
【解析】
【详解】考查形式宾语。句意：通过屏幕交流使得孩子们更难集中注意力。这个句子使用了“make it adj. t d”的固定句型，其中it是形式宾语，无实际含义，指代的是t cncentrate这个真正宾语。形式宾语只可以使用it，故填it。
86. In 1943, many peple ____________ (treat) unfairly due t their skin clr in America. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】were treated
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态、语态。句意：1943年，在美国，许多人因为他们的肤色而受到不公平的对待。空处缺少谓语，根据In 1943可知，为一般过去时，主语peple为复数，与treat“对待”为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were treated。
87. Captain Sctt left a recrd, fr hnesty, fr sincerity, fr ____________ (brave), fr everything that makes a man. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】bravery
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：Sctt船长为诚实、真诚、勇敢等一切做人的品质留下了记录。根据句子分析可知，此处作宾语，填名词bravery，不可数，故填bravery。
88. During the plar summer f 1910-1911, bth teams rganized fd bases in ____________ (prepare) fr their jurneys the next year. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】preparatin##preparatins
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：在1910年至1911年的极地夏季，两支队伍都组织了食物基地，为明年的旅行做准备。作介词的宾语，应用名词preparatin，可用单数可用复数。故填preparatin/preparatins。
89. There is n better way t see what yu are capable ____________.（用适当的词填空）
【答案】f
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：没有比这更好的方式来展示你的能力了。be capable f为固定短语，意思为：能够……。故填f。
90. Van Ggh painted ________ he saw frm his windw---the night sky with cluds, stars and a mn. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】what
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：梵高画了他从窗户看到的东西，有夜空、星星和月亮。分析句子结构可知，在 painted后面是宾语从句，从句谓语动词saw缺少宾语，且指代事物，应用连接代词what引导宾语从句。故填what。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 句子翻译（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）
把下面句子翻译成英文。
91. 在2015年12月7日的诺贝尔奖颁奖典礼上，一位84岁高龄的中国老奶奶慢慢地走上领奖台。（汉译英）
______________________________________________________________
【答案】At the Nbel Prize Lecture n 7 December, 2015, an 84-year-ld Chinese wman walked slwly n t the stage.
【解析】
【详解】考查一般过去时。“在诺贝尔颁奖典礼上”表达为at the Nbel Prize Lecture；“2015年12月7日”表达为 n 7 December, 2015，在具体的某一天应用介词n；“一位84岁高龄的中国老奶奶”表达为an 84-year-ld Chinese wman；“慢慢地走上领奖台”表达为walked slwly n t the stage，此处为副词slwly修饰动词walked。根据句意可知，此处陈述过去发生的事情，故应用一般现在时，故翻译为：At the Nbel Prize Lecture n 7 December, 2015, an 84-year-ld Chinese wman walked slwly n t the stage.
92. 虽然互联网可以让人们更亲近，但它也会损害友谊。（汉译英）
______________________________________________________________
【答案】While the Internet can bring peple clser tgether, it can als harm friendships.
【解析】
【详解】考查让步状语从句和短语、情态动词。“虽然互联网可以让人们更亲近”可以翻译为While引导的让步状语从句，“互联网”译为the Internet，“可以”译为情态动词can，“让人们更亲近”译为bring peple clser tgether，“也”译为als，“损害友谊”译为harm friendships。故翻译为While the Internet can bring peple clser tgether, it can als harm friendships.
93. 京剧，作为中国文化珍宝之一，深受众多艺术爱好者的喜爱。（汉译英）
______________________________________________________________
【答案】Beijing Opera, as ne f Chinese cultural treasures, is deeply lved by many art lvers./Beijing Opera, ne f Chinese cultural treasures, is a favurite f many art lvers.
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构，时态，名词短语，动词短语。根据汉语可知，“京剧”为主语，用名词短语“Beijing Opera”表达；“作为”用介词“as”表达，“中国文化珍宝之一”用名词短语“ne f Chinese cultural treasures”表达，即“as ne f Chinese cultural treasures”，在句中作插入语，用逗号与主语隔开；“深受……的喜爱”可用动词短语“be deeply lved by…”表达，结合语境用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，这里用“is deeply lved by”；“众多艺术爱好者”用名词短语“many art lvers”。因此可翻译为“Beijing Opera, as ne f Chinese cultural treasures, is deeply lved by many art lvers.”
另：“京剧”为主语，用名词短语“Beijing Opera”表达；“（作为）中国文化珍宝之一”用名词短语“ne f Chinese cultural treasures”表达，在句中作“Beijing Opera”的同位语，用逗号与主语隔开；“深受……的喜爱”可用短语“be a favurite f...”表达，结合语境用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，这里用“is a favurite f”；“众多艺术爱好者”用名词短语“many art lvers”。因此可翻译为“Beijing Opera, ne f Chinese cultural treasures, is a favurite f many art lvers.”
故翻译为：Beijing Opera, as ne f Chinese cultural treasures, is deeply lved by many art lvers./Beijing Opera, ne f Chinese cultural treasures, is a favurite f many art lvers.
94. 在Jhn精彩的演讲中，他分享了他英语学习取得快速进步的原因。（汉译英）
______________________________________________________________
【答案】In his wnderful/remarkable speech, Jhn shared the reasns why he culd make rapid prgress in English.
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。“在Jhn精彩的演讲中”表达为in his wnderful/remarkable speech；“分享”表达为share；“原因”表达为the reasns；“取得快速进步”表达为make rapid prgress；“学习英语”表达为in English。根据句意可知，此处“他英语学习取得快速进步的原因”可用why引导的定语从句修饰先行词the reasns，表达为the reasns why he culd make rapid prgress in English，且此句讲述过去发生的事情，故应用一般过去时，故翻译为：In his wnderful/remarkable speech, Jhn shared the reasns why he culd make rapid prgress in English。
95. Sctt的团队在比赛中输了，但正是他们的勇气让他们成为了英雄。（汉译英）
______________________________________________________________
【答案】Sctt’s team failed in the race, but it was their great curage that made them heres.
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句和时态。此句陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时态。“Sctt的团队”表达为Sctt’s team；“输了”表达为动词fail；“在比赛中”表达为in the race；“Sctt的团队在比赛中输了”翻译为Sctt’s team failed in the race；“但”用连词but，“他们的勇气”表达为their great curage；“让他们成为了英雄”应用“make A (t be) B（使A成为B）”结构，表达为make them heres。根据句意可知，“正是他们的勇气让他们成为了英雄”可用强调句句型“it was +被强调部分+that+其他.”表达，此处强调主语their great curage，“正是他们的勇气让他们成为了英雄”表达为it was their great curage that made them heres；故翻译为：Sctt’s team failed in the race, but it was their great curage that made them heres.。
第二节 书面表达（满分15分）
96. 假定你是李华，你参加了学校上周举办的英语课本剧表演大赛（English Textbk Drama Cmpetitin），你的英国笔友Peter发邮件询问相关情况。请你给他回封邮件，内容包括：
1. 参赛过程；
2. 你的收获。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Peter,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Peter,
I hpe this email finds yu well. I’m writing t tell yu abut the English Textbk Drama Cmpetitin that was held at my schl last week.
The cmpetitin was intense, with many talented students participating. We all prepared fr weeks befrehand, practicing ur lines and perfecting ur perfrmances. On the day f the cmpetitin, we perfrmed in frnt f a large audience. Despite feeling nervus, I gave it my all and had a great time n stage.
Participating in the cmpetitin taught me a lt abut teamwrk and cmmunicatin. I als gained cnfidence in my public speaking skills and learned t vercme my nerves when perfrming in frnt f thers.
I genuinely hpe the infrmatin shared excites yur interest.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇是应用文写作。要求考生给英国笔友Peter回封邮件，介绍其参加英语课本剧表演大赛的过程和收获。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
比赛：cmpetitin→cntest
参加：participate→jin
准备：prepare→ready
获得：gain→btain
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The cmpetitin was intense, with many talented students participating.
拓展句：The cmpetitin, in which many talented students participated, was intense.
【点睛】[高分句型1]I’m writing t tell yu abut the English Textbk Drama Cmpetitin that was held at my schl last week.(that引导的定语从句)
[高分句型2]I als gained cnfidence in my public speaking skills and learned t vercme my nerves when perfrming in frnt f thers.(状语从句的省略)A. cmment B. apartment C. agreement D. equipment E. experiment F. requirement G. cmmitment
A. ambitin B. ppulatin C. applicatin D. descriptin E. Examinatin F. cnversatin G. cmpsitin
A. hesitate B. explre C. cmbine D. cnfirm E. cnduct F. encurage G. cntribute
A. curius B. general C. standard D. cmplex E. intelligent F. remarkable G. cnvenient
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