2024届甘肃省靖远县第一中学高三下学期模拟预测英语试题（原卷版+解析版）

这是一份2024届甘肃省靖远县第一中学高三下学期模拟预测英语试题（原卷版+解析版），共46页。试卷主要包含了阅读，七选五，语法填空，写作等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、阅读
A
Texan 81-year-ld gd friends Ellie Hamby and Sandy Hazelip tured the wrld in 80 days, prving that adventure desn’t have an age limit.
Their first stp was a lcatin challenging even many experienced travelers: the Antarctic. Getting t the suthernmst cntinent first required crssing the Drake Passage, the waters between the suthern tip f Suth America and the Antarctic’s Suth Shetland Islands. “Fr almst tw days, we were rcking and rlling, slipping and sliding thrugh the Drake Passage and we were hlding n fr dear life, “Hamby said. The vyage, hwever, faded frm their mind as they set ft n the grund f the Antarctic, fascinated by the breathtaking beauty f penguins, icebergs and glaciers.
Since that first venture, the pair have visited 18 cuntries acrss all seven cntinents. And despite the challenges internatinal travel presented, the gd friends said they had finished their trip withut any argument. Thugh they’re bth independent and stubbrn, they respect each ther’s feelings. And what they remember the mst are the peple that they met. “We met sme f the mst wnderful, kindest, friendliest peple. We just have friends nw all ver the wrld that we lve dearly,” Hamby said.
The tw shared a crucial piece f advice fr travelers wrrying abut the language barrier n their wn adventures.” Yu knw, peple ften ask us abut it,” said Hamby.” We tell them there’s ne universal language, and that’s the smile. We fund it wrked wnders because we were ften aware that English was nt always spken and that the smile culd cver all languages.”
They als encuraged ther lder peple nt t let age hld them back. Aside frm sme minr changes in plans, their age didn’t affect their itinerary(旅程)abrad. They said they felt cnfident that if they were injured during their trip, their children wuld have been at peace knwing that they were ding what they abslutely wanted. And Hazelip described 81 as the perfect age t embark n a trip.”Getting lder des give us a little bit f wisdm f making decisins,” she said.
1 What might the pair think f their trip t the Antaretic?
A. Brief but exciting.B. Tugh but wrthwhile.
C. Interesting but fruitless.D. Unpleasant but memrable.
2. What is the highlight f the pair’s adventures fr themselves?
A. Meeting nice peple alng the way.
B. Experiencing many challenging activities.
C. Learning abut different cultures frm travelers.
D. Aviding cnflicts despite their stubbrn nature.
3. What helped the pair cmmunicate with peple during the adventure?
A. English.B. The smile.
C. Crucial advice.D. Universal gestures.
4. What can we infer abut the pair frm the last paragraph?
A. They fell dwn when riding a bike in Bali.
B. They regretted nt explring the wrld earlier.
C. Their children understd and supprted them.
D. Their wisdm saved them lts f time during their trip.
B
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galtn published a paper which illustrated what has cme t be knwn as the “wisdm f crwds” effect. The experiment f estimatin he cnducted shwed that in sme cases, the average f a large number f independent estimates culd be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and sme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple’s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.
But a new study led by Jaquin Navajas ffered an interesting twist (转折) n this classic phenmenn. The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals. Fr instance, the average btained frm the estimates f fur discussin grups f five was significantly mre accurate than the average btained frm 20 independent individuals.
In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? This happened sme f the time, but it wasn’t the dminant respnse. Mst frequently, the grups reprted that they “shared arguments and reasned tgether”. Smehw, these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr. Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.
5. What is paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?
A. The methds f estimatin.B. The underlying lgic f the effect.
C. The causes f peple’s errrs.D. The design f Galtn’s experiment.
6. Navajas’ study fund that the average accuracy culd increase even if ________.
A. the crwds were relatively smallB. there were ccasinal underestimates
C. individuals did nt cmmunicateD. estimates were nt fully independent
7. What did the fllw-up study fcus n?
A. The size f the grups.B. The dminant members.
C. The discussin prcess.D. The individual estimates.
8. What is the authr’s attitude tward Navajas’ studies?
A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Dubtful.D. Apprving.
C
Language gives us the pwer t describe cuntless actins prperties and relatins that cmpse ur experiences, real r imagined. As fr hw languages were created, scientists fund icnicity might play a key rle.
Peple can’t bridge language gap and understand each ther withut icnicity. When playing a game f charades (猜字谜) , we act ut ur meaning, using ur hands and bdies t describe the sizes and shapes f bjects. The key t this prcess f frming new symbls is the use f icnicity. Nt limited t gesturing, icnicity appears in ur visual cmmunicatin t. Traffic signs, fd packaging, maps. . . wherever there are peple cmmunicating, yu will find icnicity.
Accrding t ur research, icnicity might als exist in ur vices. We rganized a cntest in which we invited cntestants t recrd a set f sunds t express different meanings. The winner f the cntest was determined by hw well listeners culd guess the intended meanings f the sunds based n a set f written ptins. Critically, the sunds that cntestants submitted culdn’t include actual wrds r nmatpeias (拟声词) .
Listeners were remarkably gd at interpreting the meanings f the sunds. Yet, all f the cntestants and listeners were speakers f English. Thus, it was pssible that listeners’ success relied n sme cultural knwledge that they shared with the speakers. Did the listeners als understand the speakers frm cmpletely different cultural backgrunds?
Later, an Internet survey translated int 25 different languages was carried ut. Participants listened t each sund frm the English speakers and guessed the meaning by chsing frm six written wrds. Guessing accuracy fr the different grups ranged frm 74 percent fr English speakers t 34 percent fr Prtuguese speakers. It is far frm perfect, but well abve the chance rate f eight percent expected by us.
Taken tgether, these studies shw that ur capacity fr icnic cmmunicatin has played a critical rle. Withut this special talent, language wuld likely never have gtten ff the grund.
9. Which f the fllwing can explain “icnicity” ?
A. A skill in freign language learning.B. The prcess f acting ut ur meanings.
C. The cnnectin between frm and meaning.D. A barrier between different language speakers.
10. What can we knw abut the cntest?
A. It required sunds cntaining meanings.B. Its winners were creative in recrdings.
C. It aimed t prve icnicity in wrds.D. Its entries were familiar t listeners.
11 What can be inferred frm Paragraph 4?
A. English prnunciatins differ.B. The research has a limitatin.
C. The cultural gap is narrwing.D. Listening skills vary in cultures.
12. What is the significance f the research?
A. Clarifying the influence f sunds.B. Prving the necessity f exchanges.
C. Uncvering the rigin f languages.D. Identifying the functin f gestures.
D
When cnsuming infrmatin, we try t acquire mre signals and less nise. We feel like the mre infrmatin we cnsume the mre signals we receive. While this is prbably true n an abslute basis, Nassim Taleb argues in the bk Antifragile that it is nt true n a relative basis. As yu cnsume mre data and the rati (比率) f nise t signals increases, yu knw less abut what’s ging n and yu are likely t cause mre unintentinal truble.
The supply f infrmatin t which we are expsed under mdernity is transfrming humans frm a calm persn t a neurtic (神经质的) ne. Fr the purpse f ur discussin, the first persn nly reacts t real infrmatin, and the secnd largely t nise. The difference between the tw will shw us the difference between nise and signals. Nise is what yu are suppsed t ignre; signals are what yu need t heed.
In science, nise is a generalizatin beynd the actual sund t describe randm infrmatin that is ttally useless fr any purpse, and that yu need t clean up t make sense f what yu are listening t. Yu can use and take advantage f nise and randmness, but nise and randmness can als use and take advantage f yu, particularly with the data yu get n the Internet r thrugh ther media. The mre frequently yu lk at data, the mre nise yu are likely t get, and the higher the nise-t-signal rati is.
Say yu lk at infrmatin n a yearly basis—the changes yu see will all be large nes. The rati f signals t nise is abut ne t ne—this means that abut half the changes are real imprvements r degradatins, and the ther half cme frm randmness. But if yu lk at the very same data n a daily basis, the cmpsitin wuld change t 95 percent nise and 5 percent signals, and the changes yu see daily will certainly be small.
13. What pinin des Nassim Taleb prbably hld?
A. It’s hard t knw the real truth.B. The nise-t-signal rati is changing.
C. The infrmatin explsin can be harmful.D. Mre infrmatin brings mre signals.
14. What des the underlined wrd “heed” prbably mean in paragraph 2?
A. Ntice.B. Analyse.C. Slve.D. Describe.
15. What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A. Causes and harms f mre nise.B. The meaning and impact f nise.
C. The relatinship between nise and signals.D. Advantages and disadvantages f nise.
16. Hw shuld we handle infrmatin accrding t the authr?
A. Check it frequently.B. Make use f nline data.
C. Lk at key changes.D. Fcus n all changes in it.
二、七选五
Can We Stp Fd Lnging Thrugh Imaginary Eating?
Are yu fighting an urge t reach fr chclate? Then, let it melt in yur mind, nt in yur muth. Accrding t the recent research, imagining eating a specific fd reduces yur interest in that fd, s yu eat less f it.
This reactin t repeated expsure t fd—being less interested in smething because yu’ve experienced it t much—is called habituatin. _____17_____
The research is the first t shw that habituatin can ccur thrugh the pwer f the mind. “If yu just think abut the fd itself—hw it tastes and smells—that will increase yur appetite,” said Carey Mrewedge, a well-knwn psychlgist. “It might be better t frce yurself t repeatedly think abut chewing and swallwing the fd in rder t reduce yur lnging. _____18_____ Visualizing yurself eating chclate wuldn’t prevent yu frm eating lts f cheese,” he added.
Mrewedge cnducted an interesting experiment. 51 subjects were divided int three grups. One grup was asked t imagine putting 30 cins int a laundry machine and then eating three chclates. _____19_____ Anther grup was asked t imagine putting three cins int a laundry machine and then eating 30 chclates. Lastly, a cntrl grup imagined just putting 33 cins int the machine—with n chclates. _____20_____ When they said they had finished, these were taken away and weighed. The results shwed the grup that had imagined eating 30 chclates each ate fewer f the chclates than the ther grups.
_____21_____ Physical signals—that full stmach feeling—are nly part f what tells us we’ve finished a meal. The research suggests that psychlgical effects such as habituatin, als influence hw much a persn eats. It may lead t new behaviral techniques fr peple lking t eat mre healthily, r have cntrl ver ther habits.
A. What’s mre, this nly wrks with the specific fd yu’ve imagined.
B. Peple were advised t try different methds t perfrm the experiment.
C. Fr example, a tenth bite is desired less than the first bite, accrding t the study.
D. All f them then ate freely frm bwls cntaining the same amunt f chclate each.
E. It meant thse wh repeatedly imagined eating wuld cncern abut sme specific fd.
F. This requires the same mtr skills as eating small chclates frm a packet, the study says.
G. This study is part f the research lking int what makes us eat mre than we actually need.
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese speakers tend t use “spear and shield” ____22____(describe) anything that’s cntradictry. Actually, nw the Chinese phrase fr “cntradictin” ____23____(call) Ma Dun r “spear and shield”.
Nearly 2, 000 years ag, there was a man living in the State f Chu. One day, he went t a market t sell spears and shields—tw mst cmmn ____24____(weapn) at that time. When a small crwd gathered arund the seller t lk at his gds, the man ____25____(decide) t advertise his shields first. He said, “Please lk at my shields. They are certainly the ____26____(strng) nes yu can ever find in the wrld.”
Then sme f the ptential buyers came clser t have a careful examinatin f the shields, ____27____ they culdn’t see anything special abut them. The seller then mved n t brag abut his spears. “Nw please have a gd lk at my spears. They are the sharpest weapns ____28____have ever been prduced. S, n matter hw firm a shield is, my spears will pierce (刺穿) thrugh it ____29____(easy).” After listening t the seller’s pitch, a man stepped frward and said, “Yu just tld us that yur shields are the strngest in the wrld and then yu claim yur spears are the sharpest. Hw abut ____30____(use)yur spears n yur shields?” The seller was unable t respnd.
S tday, instead f saying “yu are cntradicting yurself”, Chinese will say “yu are attacking yur shield ____31____ yur wn spear”.
四、写作
A
第一节(满分15分)
32. 假定你是某国际学校学生李华，你的爱尔兰笔友Kelly对你提到的学校“多元文化日”(Multicultural Day)活动很感兴趣。请回信告知他关于该活动的相关信息。内容包括：
1.活动时间;
2.活动目的和内容。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Kelly,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
B
第一节(满分15分)
33. 假定你是李华，某国际学校学生会主席。你校学生会正在向全体学生征集以“中国科学家精神”(The Spirit f Chinese Scientists)为主题的短视频。请你用英文拟一则征稿启事，
内容包括：1.活动目的；2.作品要求；3.投稿方式及截止时间
Cntributins Wanted
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Student Unin
C
第一节(满分15分)
34. 假定你是李华，英语课上，老师要求大家分组讨论使用电子设备阅读的现象。请你作为小组代表，写一篇短文，内容包括：
1. 优点与缺点;
2. 合理建议
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右;
2. 题目和首句已为你写好, 不计人总词数。
Make Better Use f Digital Reading
Nwadays, digital reading is becming increasingly ppular.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
D
第二节(满分25分)
35. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“Lk!” I said t my husband, Rger, pinting t the branches. “The dves (鸽子) have built a nest.
On a chilly April day, we watched with hrrr as a hawk dived dwn and tk ne f the dves. By the next mrning the ther parent was gne t. Rger climbed up a ladder t take a lk int the nest. Was it pssible the hawk had spared the yung? Yes, there sat a newly hatched baby dve! We brught him inside and set up the nesting bx with the heat lamps we had used fr raising chickens. Then we rushed t the pet shp t buy the frmula (配方奶) which needed t lk like the mther’s milk. But even with ur care and prayers, we knew that the dve’s chances were slim. We were especially wrried that ur little bird, whm we’d named Hawkeye, hardly ced (咕咕地叫) at all. That had t be a bad sign.
But t ur surprise, Hawkeye nt nly survived but als thrived. Within a mnth, he was able t stand n the edge f a bwl and eat ut f a baby spn. And befre we knew it, he was eating the seeds we gave him. Having the pprtunity t nurture this new life brught me a greater measure f peace with each passing day.
As Hawkeye grew, we nticed that unlike all the ther dves in ur yard, he had a duble breast with a line dividing it. When I did sme research n the dves, I fund ut that females dn’t ften c.
“We gt it all wrng,” I tld Rger. “Hawkeye is a girl!”
We realized that we’d have t teach her t fly. First, we urged her t fly frm a finger t the bttm rung (梯子的横档) f a six-ft ladder, and in n time she was mving quickly t the tp. She lit ut (逃走，溜掉) fr the kitchen whenever she heard the click f the spn n her bwl. By mid-June she’d gained full cnfidence in her wings.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1: At that time, we knew it was time t set ur Hawkeye free.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2: But ne May mrning, Hawkeye and the ther dve landed n the rftp.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
E
第二节(满分25分)
36. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A Sweet Sng
"Nthing will ever be the same again," Ally whispered. She sank slwly int her father's favrite chair and stared at the small American flag n his desk. It was the flag which Chief Russell had given t her after the funeral last summer, when he hugged her and tld her hw prud the Plice Department was f her dad's wrk fr them. His tears had warmed Ally's cheeks; her wn tears were still frzen inside her heart.
Ally lked at her father's picture n the bkcase. Dad was sitting in the middle f a stream, wet thrugh but grinning prudly. "I miss yu, Dad," she said sftly. By this time last year she had already taken dzens f pictures. Ever since she culd remember, she and Dad had been a team, searching the wds behind the huse each weekend fr a glimpse f the special wd warbler（林中莺）.
Ally reached fr the first pht album she and Dad had put tgether. On the cver a tiny range bird with blue-gray wings and sharp black eyes peered ut f the pht her father had clipped frm a lcal newspaper. Ally smiled, remembering the excited lk n his face when he first shwed her the pretty bird. "Ally, I bet if we search real hard, we'll see this little guy tgether sme day."
They'd never sptted the warbler, but her father had an amazing way f making each uting seem special. Staying with Dad, Ally felt cmfrtable. "If nly I culd get that gd feeling back," she thught, sighing.
Staring at the bird, suddenly, she knew exactly what she had t d. Grabbing the-little flag, she placed her camera arund her neck and hurried utside. Ally stuck the flag amng the flwers in the garden. "Please let me see the warbler," she murmured t herself. She gave her wrried Mm a kiss and then set ff int the wds.
注意
1.续写词数应为150个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Familiar smells f the earth rse up t greet her.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Determined t start ut the next mrning, she was abut t head hme when a ringing birdsng flated dwn t her.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
F
第二节(满分25分)
37. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When I was seven years ld, my family mved frm Mexic t America. In Mexic, I was a cheerful girl wh lved making peple laugh with my jkes and inventing fun games t play with my friends. Hwever, when I arrived in America, I fund it hard t fit in, and I became quieter.
We lived in a small huse with a mdest yard where we grew vegetables—my respnsibility. While I tk pride in watching them grw, there were times when I dreamed f having a beautiful garden like my schlmate Luella’s, with its delicate tulips (郁金香). Althugh Luella lived in the same neighbrhd as me, we barely knew each ther.
It was after a trnad that Luella and I finally became clse friends.
The trnad struck n a Sunday afternn.The gentle breeze transfrmed int a strng wind, and thick gray cluds filled the sky. Gradually, the trnad tk shape, starting as a thin rpe and grwing int a large black funnel (漏斗). My entire family gathered in the bathrm, seeking shelter frm the strm. Terrified, I sat clse t my mm, knees in my chest. After the strm had passed, ur wrries and fears were replaced by relief that we were unharmed and that ur huse had remained undamaged.
As I stepped utside, I witnessed the extent f the damage the trnad had caused t ur neighbrhd. Acrss the street, a tall tree had fallen, crushing Luella’s garden in frnt f her yellw huse. We hurried ver t check n it. Frtunately, her family seemed t be away at the time, and n ne was injured. Hwever, her nce-beautiful garden was in ruins, with the fallen tree destrying the tulips and debris (碎片) spread everywhere. I culd nly imagine hw heartbrken they must feel seeing this.
Then my mm’s usual wrds rang in my ear, “It is mre blessed t give than t receive,” and my family started t think abut hw we culd help.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Just at that mment, Luella’s family returned in their car.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Even after the debris was cleared, I culd still sense Luella’s srrw fr her lst garden.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
G
第二节(满分25分)
38. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was a quiet and peaceful afternn. Cnnie, already hme frm schl, was sitting cmfrtably in a chair at the kitchen table, ding her hmewrk. Baby Sister was in the living rm, building a castle with her bricks and singing sftly t herself.
Suddenly they heard a familiar and unwelcme sund: “La-la-la-la-la-la.”
Cnnie remarked that truble was cming, and she was right. A mment later the back dr flew pen and banged against the kitchen wall. As 8-year-ld Benjy ran int the dining rm, he inquired abut everyne’s whereabuts, accidentally crashing the dr against the wall with such frce that a small vase drpped t the flr and brke int-pieces.
“Benjy, yu naughty by!” cried Cnnie. “Whatever will Mm say?”
“Hi, Cn. What are yu ding here? Yu dn’t want t read anymre, d yu?” said Benjy excitedly. “Let’s play smething. Lk what I fund tday.”
As Benjy emptied his pckets, sticks, rcks, and candies drpped n the flr and rlled in every directin. Hwever, Cnnie refused t play. She mentined that she needed t learn the petry fr a test. T Cnnie’s shck, Benjy suddenly kncked her bk ut f her hand and rdered her t play with him first.
Cnnie was annyed and jumped ut f her chair. “Why did yu d that?” she cried. “Why can’t yu leave peple alne?”
“Oh, stuck-up (趾高气扬的), are yu?” teased Benjy, pulling Cnnie’s hair and kicking her bk acrss the rm. Unfrtunately it hit Baby Sister’s castle and brught it crashing dwn in ruins.
“B-h-h!” cried Baby Sister. “Yu’ve brken my castle, and I wanted Mamma t see it. B-h-h!” She picked up a blck and cast it as hard as she culd at Benjy’s head. He ducked (躲避), and it missed him, striking a picture and breaking the glass.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
At this mment the back dr pened again and their mther walked in.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Benjy thught a lt abut Mm’s advice and decided t make a change.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
H
第二节(满分25分)
39. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Lani Williams and her mther, Sincerity, have lived in the histric twn f Lahaina n the Hawaiian island f Maui fr mst f their lives.
Last week, as wildfires began t destry their belved twn, bth the mther and daughter jumped in their car t escape.
Embers (灰烬) were already falling dwn n them. S Lani gt her mm int the car. But then the traffic already std still. Then she saw anther fire beside them n a whle huse. Lani thught they were ging t die in the car.
Lani and her mm determined the nly way ut f the fire’s path was t get ut f their car and climb ver a nearby seawall, int the cean water.
That escape rute, thugh, prved t difficult as Sincerity has truble walking and uses a walker fr assistance.
As Lani and Sincerity was thinking what t d, a man, a cmplete stranger, came t their aid.
The man, later identified as Benny Reinicke, tld Sincerity t lean n his back s that he culd carry her ver the seawall and int the water.
He said, “Auntie, put yur weight n me. I gt yu there.”
Reinicke carried Sincerity n his back ver the seawall, and then stayed with Sincerity and her daughter in the cean water fr ver eight hurs as they waited fr the fires t die ut.
“I just kept thinking t myself, like, this is a yung guy that culd have just left. He culd have swum arund t safety, leaving us behind,” Lani said. “But he didn’t. He stayed with us the whle entire time and made sure that all f us were safe.”
After they made it ut f the cean t safety, Lani and Sincerity lst tuch with Reinicke.
When everything came t nrmal, Sincerity tld her daughter that they shuld find Reinicke and say thank yu t him. Lani tried her neighbrhd fr sme infrmatin abut Reinicke but she fund nthing.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
S Lani decided t turn t the scial media.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Lani tld Reinicke that she and her mther wuld arrange a face-t-face meeting with him.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I
第二节(满分25分)
40. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Aubrey, a mm f three, was breastfeeding her 10-mnth-ld daughter in her Maui hme last week when alarms started ging ff and she saw her entire neighbrhd was cvered in black smke.
Aubrey and her husband Alex rushed ut f the hme and int their car, escaping with their 10-mnth-ld daughter as well as their 6-year-ld twin daughters. They didn’t take any necessities. In fact, they had never thught the wildfires wuld ever get t where they lived. After all, they were very far.
While Aubrey and her family eventually made it t safety, a relative’s hme, they later learned their wn hme was burned t the grund.
They were left with n pssessins, s Alex had t g t the neighbrhd surrunding his relative’s hme searching fr supplies fr his baby daughter Blue. He went dr-t-dr, asking if anyne had a baby and if there was a bttle r a diaper (尿布) and sme extra milk.
One neighbr just had a baby s he gave Alex tw bttles. And sme neighbrs gave Alex tw diapers and sme gave her three. Alex later said. “They were hlding nt their wn diapers t, which I understand.”
The disaster turned int a crisis fr cuntless parents like Aubrey and Alex, wh had t escape quickly and nw needed basic supplies t keep their children alive and safe.
The wildfires claimed the lives f ver 100 peple, while many mre remained missing. Officials n Maui warned that their supplies were running ut.
Aubrey and Alex decided t travel t anther island, Oahu, where they culd stay in the hme f Alex’s brther’s. There, they had mre access t supplies like diapers and milk. Then they managed t cntact with vlunteers and left in a lifebat fr Oahu. Thinking thse helpless peple, they cried in pain.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Nw n Maui, situatins were becming wrse.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Tgether with ther vlunteers, Alex and his brther cllected large quantities f supplies n Oahu.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2024年高考名师预测
英语
一、阅读
A
Texan 81-year-ld gd friends Ellie Hamby and Sandy Hazelip tured the wrld in 80 days, prving that adventure desn’t have an age limit.
Their first stp was a lcatin challenging even many experienced travelers: the Antarctic. Getting t the suthernmst cntinent first required crssing the Drake Passage, the waters between the suthern tip f Suth America and the Antarctic’s Suth Shetland Islands. “Fr almst tw days, we were rcking and rlling, slipping and sliding thrugh the Drake Passage and we were hlding n fr dear life, “Hamby said. The vyage, hwever, faded frm their mind as they set ft n the grund f the Antarctic, fascinated by the breathtaking beauty f penguins, icebergs and glaciers.
Since that first venture, the pair have visited 18 cuntries acrss all seven cntinents. And despite the challenges internatinal travel presented, the gd friends said they had finished their trip withut any argument. Thugh they’re bth independent and stubbrn, they respect each ther’s feelings. And what they remember the mst are the peple that they met. “We met sme f the mst wnderful, kindest, friendliest peple. We just have friends nw all ver the wrld that we lve dearly,” Hamby said.
The tw shared a crucial piece f advice fr travelers wrrying abut the language barrier n their wn adventures.” Yu knw, peple ften ask us abut it,” said Hamby.” We tell them there’s ne universal language, and that’s the smile. We fund it wrked wnders because we were ften aware that English was nt always spken and that the smile culd cver all languages.”
They als encuraged ther lder peple nt t let age hld them back. Aside frm sme minr changes in plans, their age didn’t affect their itinerary(旅程)abrad. They said they felt cnfident that if they were injured during their trip, their children wuld have been at peace knwing that they were ding what they abslutely wanted. And Hazelip described 81 as the perfect age t embark n a trip.”Getting lder des give us a little bit f wisdm f making decisins,” she said.
1. What might the pair think f their trip t the Antaretic?
A. Brief but exciting.B. Tugh but wrthwhile.
C. Interesting but fruitless.D. Unpleasant but memrable.
2. What is the highlight f the pair’s adventures fr themselves?
A. Meeting nice peple alng the way.
B. Experiencing many challenging activities.
C. Learning abut different cultures frm travelers.
D. Aviding cnflicts despite their stubbrn nature.
3. What helped the pair cmmunicate with peple during the adventure?
A. English.B. The smile.
C. Crucial advice.D. Universal gestures.
4. What can we infer abut the pair frm the last paragraph?
A. They fell dwn when riding a bike in Bali.
B. They regretted nt explring the wrld earlier.
C. Their children understd and supprted them.
D. Their wisdm saved them lts f time during their trip.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。来自得克萨斯州的两位81岁的好友 Ellie Hamby和Sandy Hazelip周游世界八十天。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的““Fr almst tw days，we were rcking and rlling，slipping and sliding thrugh the Drake Passage and we were hlding n fr dear life，”Hamby said. The vyage，hwever，faded frm their mind as they set ft n the grund f the Antarctic，fascinated by the breathtaking beauty f penguins，icebergs and glaciers.( Hamby说:“在差不多两天的时间里，我们在德雷克海峡里摇晃着，打滑着，我们拼命地坚持着。”然而，当他们踏上南极的土地，被企鹅、冰山和冰川的惊人美景所吸引时，这次航行就从他们的脑海中淡去了。)”可知，ElieHamby和Sandy Hazelip 前往南极洲的旅程非常艰辛，但见到南极洲的风光后她们又觉得很值得。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And what they remember the mst are the peple that they met. “We met sme f the mst wnderful, kindest, friendliest peple. We just have friends nw all ver the wrld that we lve dearly,” Hamby said.( 他们记得最深刻的是他们遇到的人。“我们遇到了一些最优秀、最善良、最友好的人。我们现在在世界各地都有我们深爱的朋友。”)"可知。这两个人旅行的亮点是沿途遇到一些善良的人。故选A。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“We tell them there’s ne universal language, and that’s the smile. We fund it wrked wnders because we were ften aware that English was nt always spken and that the smile culd cver all languages.( 我们告诉他们世界上有一种通用语言，那就是微笑。我们发现这很有效，因为我们经常意识到英语并不总是被说的，而微笑可以涵盖所有的语言。)”可知，Hammby 推荐通用语言“微笑”，因此推断“微笑”有助于她们与人的交流。故选B。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“They said they felt cnfident that if they were injured during their trip, their children wuld have been at peace knwing that they were ding what they abslutely wanted.(他们说，他们有信心，如果他们在旅行中受伤，他们的孩子会知道他们在做他们绝对想做的事情。)”可推断，EllieHamby和 SandyHazelip 的孩子们是理解并支持她们的。故选C。
B
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galtn published a paper which illustrated what has cme t be knwn as the “wisdm f crwds” effect. The experiment f estimatin he cnducted shwed that in sme cases, the average f a large number f independent estimates culd be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and sme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple’s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.
But a new study led by Jaquin Navajas ffered an interesting twist (转折) n this classic phenmenn. The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals. Fr instance, the average btained frm the estimates f fur discussin grups f five was significantly mre accurate than the average btained frm 20 independent individuals.
In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? This happened sme f the time, but it wasn’t the dminant respnse. Mst frequently, the grups reprted that they “shared arguments and reasned tgether”. Smehw, these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr. Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.
5. What is paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?
A. The methds f estimatin.B. The underlying lgic f the effect.
C. The causes f peple’s errrs.D. The design f Galtn’s experiment.
6. Navajas’ study fund that the average accuracy culd increase even if ________.
A. the crwds were relatively smallB. there were ccasinal underestimates
C. individuals did nt cmmunicateD. estimates were nt fully independent
7. What did the fllw-up study fcus n?
A. The size f the grups.B. The dminant members.
C. The discussin prcess.D. The individual estimates.
8. What is the authr’s attitude tward Navajas’ studies?
A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Dubtful.D. Apprving.
【答案】5. B 6. D 7. C 8. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。
【5题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and cme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn. (这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降)”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. (从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的)”和第三段的“The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals. Fr instance, the average btained frm the estimates f fur discussin grups f five was significantly mre accurate than the average btained frm 20 independent individuals. (这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确)”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段的“In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? (在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的估计最有信心的人？他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗)”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus. (尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。
C
Language gives us the pwer t describe cuntless actins, prperties and relatins that cmpse ur experiences, real r imagined. As fr hw languages were created, scientists fund icnicity might play a key rle.
Peple can’t bridge language gap and understand each ther withut icnicity. When playing a game f charades (猜字谜) , we act ut ur meaning, using ur hands and bdies t describe the sizes and shapes f bjects. The key t this prcess f frming new symbls is the use f icnicity. Nt limited t gesturing, icnicity appears in ur visual cmmunicatin t. Traffic signs, fd packaging, maps. . . wherever there are peple cmmunicating, yu will find icnicity.
Accrding t ur research, icnicity might als exist in ur vices. We rganized a cntest in which we invited cntestants t recrd a set f sunds t express different meanings. The winner f the cntest was determined by hw well listeners culd guess the intended meanings f the sunds based n a set f written ptins. Critically, the sunds that cntestants submitted culdn’t include actual wrds r nmatpeias (拟声词) .
Listeners were remarkably gd at interpreting the meanings f the sunds. Yet, all f the cntestants and listeners were speakers f English. Thus, it was pssible that listeners’ success relied n sme cultural knwledge that they shared with the speakers. Did the listeners als understand the speakers frm cmpletely different cultural backgrunds?
Later, an Internet survey translated int 25 different languages was carried ut. Participants listened t each sund frm the English speakers and guessed the meaning by chsing frm six written wrds. Guessing accuracy fr the different grups ranged frm 74 percent fr English speakers t 34 percent fr Prtuguese speakers. It is far frm perfect, but well abve the chance rate f eight percent expected by us.
Taken tgether, these studies shw that ur capacity fr icnic cmmunicatin has played a critical rle. Withut this special talent, language wuld likely never have gtten ff the grund.
9. Which f the fllwing can explain “icnicity” ?
A. A skill in freign language learning.B. The prcess f acting ut ur meanings.
C. The cnnectin between frm and meaning.D. A barrier between different language speakers.
10. What can we knw abut the cntest?
A. It required sunds cntaining meanings.B. Its winners were creative in recrdings.
C. It aimed t prve icnicity in wrds.D. Its entries were familiar t listeners.
11. What can be inferred frm Paragraph 4?
A. English prnunciatins differ.B. The research has a limitatin.
C. The cultural gap is narrwing.D. Listening skills vary in cultures.
12. What is the significance f the research?
A. Clarifying the influence f sunds.B. Prving the necessity f exchanges.
C. Uncvering the rigin f languages.D. Identifying the functin f gestures.
【答案】9. C 10. A 11. B 12. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了语言的起源于象似性有关，解释了象似性的概念以及研究开展的情况。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“When playing a game f charades (猜字谜) , we act ut ur meaning, using ur hands and bdies t describe the sizes and shapes f bjects. The key t this prcess f frming new symbls is the use f icnicity. Nt limited t gesturing, icnicity appears in ur visual cmmunicatin t. Traffic signs, fd packaging, maps. . . wherever there are peple cmmunicating, yu will find icnicity.(在玩猜字游戏时，我们用手和身体来描述物体的大小和形状，来表达我们的意思。形成新符号的关键是使用象似性。不仅限于手势，象似性也出现在我们的视觉交流中。交通标志、食品包装、地图……只要有人在交流，你就会发现有象似性)”可知，形式和意义之间的联系可以解释“象似性”。故选C。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“We rganized a cntest in which we invited cntestants t recrd a set f sunds t express different meanings. The winner f the cntest was determined by hw well listeners culd guess the intended meanings f the sunds based n a set f written ptins.(我们组织了一个比赛，邀请参赛者录下一组声音来表达不同的意思。比赛的获胜者取决于听者根据一组书面选项猜出声音的意思的程度)”可知，比赛需要包含意义的声音。故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Listeners were remarkably gd at interpreting the meanings f the sunds. Yet, all f the cntestants and listeners were speakers f English. Thus, it was pssible that listeners’ success relied n sme cultural knwledge that they shared with the speakers. Did the listeners als understand the speakers frm cmpletely different cultural backgrunds?(听众非常善于解读声音的含义。然而，所有的参赛者和听众都说英语。因此，有可能听者的成功依赖于他们与说话者共享的一些文化知识。听众是否也能理解来自完全不同文化背景的说话者？)”可知，这项研究有局限性。故选B。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“As fr hw languages were created, scientists fund icnicity might play a key rle.(至于语言是如何产生的，科学家们发现象似性可能起着关键作用)”以及最后一段“Taken tgether, these studies shw that ur capacity fr icnic cmmunicatin has played a critical rle. Withut this special talent, language wuld likely never have gtten ff the grund.(综上所述，这些研究表明，我们进行标志性交流的能力发挥了关键作用。如果没有这种特殊的天赋，语言可能永远不会起步)”可知，研究的意义是揭示语言的起源。故选C。
D
When cnsuming infrmatin, we try t acquire mre signals and less nise. We feel like the mre infrmatin we cnsume the mre signals we receive. While this is prbably true n an abslute basis, Nassim Taleb argues in the bk Antifragile that it is nt true n a relative basis. As yu cnsume mre data and the rati (比率) f nise t signals increases, yu knw less abut what’s ging n and yu are likely t cause mre unintentinal truble.
The supply f infrmatin t which we are expsed under mdernity is transfrming humans frm a calm persn t a neurtic (神经质的) ne. Fr the purpse f ur discussin, the first persn nly reacts t real infrmatin, and the secnd largely t nise. The difference between the tw will shw us the difference between nise and signals. Nise is what yu are suppsed t ignre; signals are what yu need t heed.
In science, nise is a generalizatin beynd the actual sund t describe randm infrmatin that is ttally useless fr any purpse, and that yu need t clean up t make sense f what yu are listening t. Yu can use and take advantage f nise and randmness, but nise and randmness can als use and take advantage f yu, particularly with the data yu get n the Internet r thrugh ther media. The mre frequently yu lk at data, the mre nise yu are likely t get, and the higher the nise-t-signal rati is.
Say yu lk at infrmatin n a yearly basis—the changes yu see will all be large nes. The rati f signals t nise is abut ne t ne—this means that abut half the changes are real imprvements r degradatins, and the ther half cme frm randmness. But if yu lk at the very same data n a daily basis, the cmpsitin wuld change t 95 percent nise and 5 percent signals, and the changes yu see daily will certainly be small.
13. What pinin des Nassim Taleb prbably hld?
A. It’s hard t knw the real truth.B. The nise-t-signal rati is changing.
C. The infrmatin explsin can be harmful.D. Mre infrmatin brings mre signals.
14. What des the underlined wrd “heed” prbably mean in paragraph 2?
A. Ntice.B. Analyse.C. Slve.D. Describe.
15. What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A Causes and harms f mre nise.B. The meaning and impact f nise.
C. The relatinship between nise and signals.D. Advantages and disadvantages f nise.
16. Hw shuld we handle infrmatin accrding t the authr?
A. Check it frequently.B. Make use f nline data.
C. Lk at key changes.D. Fcus n all changes in it.
【答案】13. C 14. A 15. B 16. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是议论文。现代化让我们得以接触到大量的信息，但过量的信息不一定是有益的。那么我们该如何应对信息爆炸？如何在海量的信息“噪声”中识别出“信号”呢？文章对此进行了讨论。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“We feel like the mre infrmatin we cnsume the mre signals we receive.(我们觉得我们消耗的信息越多，接收到的信号就越多。)”和“Nassim Taleb argues…yu knw less abut what’s ging n and yu are likely t cause mre unintentinal truble.(纳西姆·塔勒布在《反脆弱》一书中辩称，在相对基础上并非如此。随着您消耗的数据越来越多，噪声与信号的比率(比率)越来越高，您对正在发生的事情的了解就越来越少，并且可能会造成更多无意的麻烦。)”可知，纳西姆·塔勒布认为接触到过多的信息反而会使人们更不知道发生了什么，也可能引发更多无意识的麻烦。由此可知，纳西姆·塔勒布可能认为信息爆炸可能是有害的。故选C。
【14题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Fr the purpse f ur discussin, the first persn nly reacts t real infrmatin, and the secnd largely t nise. The difference between the tw will shw us the difference between nise and signals. Nise is what yu are suppsed t ignre.( 就我们讨论的目的而言，第一人只对真实信息作出反应，第二人主要对噪音作出反应。两者之间的区别将向我们展示噪声和信号之间的区别。噪音是你应该忽略的。)”可知，本段提到这两种人的不同反应会向我们展示信息“噪声”和“信号”的区别，信息“噪声”是我们应该忽视的，因此与之相对的“信号”应是需要我们留意或关注的信息。由此可推知，heed意为“关注，注意”。故选A。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“In science, nise is a generalizatin beynd the actual sund t describe randm infrmatin that is ttally useless fr any purpse, and that yu need t clean up t make sense f what yu are listening t. Yu can use and take advantage f nise and randmness, but nise and randmness can als use and take advantage f yu, particularly with the data yu get n the Internet r thrugh ther media. The mre frequently yu lk at data, the mre nise yu are likely t get, and the higher the nise-t-signal rati is.(在科学中，噪音是一种超越实际声音概括，它描述的是对任何目的都毫无用处的随机信息，你需要清理这些信息才能理解你所听到的内容。你可以使用和充分利用噪音和随机性，但噪音和随机性也可以使用和充分利用你，特别是你在互联网上或通过其他媒体获得的数据。查看数据的频率越高，可能得到的噪声就越多，噪信比也就越高。)”可知，本段主要讲述了噪声的定义和影响。故选B。
【16题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Say yu lk at infrmatin n a yearly basis—the changes yu see will all be large nes. The rati f signals t nise is abut ne t ne—this means that abut half the changes are real imprvements r degradatins, and the ther half cme frm randmness. But if yu lk at the very same data n a daily basis, the cmpsitin wuld change t 95 percent nise and 5 percent signals, and the changes yu see daily will certainly be small.(假设你看的是每年的信息——你看到的变化都是很大的。信号与噪声的比例大约是1:1，这意味着大约一半的变化是真正的改进或退化，另一半来自随机性。但如果你每天都看同样的数据，组成就会变成95%的噪音和5%的信号，你每天看到的变化肯定很小。)”可推知，作者的建议是在应对大量信息（想从中获取真正的有价值的信息）时，应该关注数据的大变化（重要变化），忽略一些细微的变化（不重要的变化）。故选C。
二、七选五
Can We Stp Fd Lnging Thrugh Imaginary Eating?
Are yu fighting an urge t reach fr chclate? Then, let it melt in yur mind, nt in yur muth. Accrding t the recent research, imagining eating a specific fd reduces yur interest in that fd, s yu eat less f it.
This reactin t repeated expsure t fd—being less interested in smething because yu’ve experienced it t much—is called habituatin. _____17_____
The research is the first t shw that habituatin can ccur thrugh the pwer f the mind. “If yu just think abut the fd itself—hw it tastes and smells—that will increase yur appetite,” said Carey Mrewedge, a well-knwn psychlgist. “It might be better t frce yurself t repeatedly think abut chewing and swallwing the fd in rder t reduce yur lnging. _____18_____ Visualizing yurself eating chclate wuldn’t prevent yu frm eating lts f cheese,” he added.
Mrewedge cnducted an interesting experiment. 51 subjects were divided int three grups. One grup was asked t imagine putting 30 cins int a laundry machine and then eating three chclates. _____19_____ Anther grup was asked t imagine putting three cins int a laundry machine and then eating 30 chclates. Lastly, a cntrl grup imagined just putting 33 cins int the machine—with n chclates. _____20_____ When they said they had finished, these were taken away and weighed. The results shwed the grup that had imagined eating 30 chclates each ate fewer f the chclates than the ther grups.
_____21_____ Physical signals—that full stmach feeling—are nly part f what tells us we’ve finished a meal. The research suggests that psychlgical effects, such as habituatin, als influence hw much a persn eats. It may lead t new behaviral techniques fr peple lking t eat mre healthily, r have cntrl ver ther habits.
A. What’s mre, this nly wrks with the specific fd yu’ve imagined.
B. Peple were advised t try different methds t perfrm the experiment.
C. Fr example, a tenth bite is desired less than the first bite, accrding t the study.
D. All f them then ate freely frm bwls cntaining the same amunt f chclate each.
E. It meant thse wh repeatedly imagined eating wuld cncern abut sme specific fd.
F. This requires the same mtr skills as eating small chclates frm a packet, the study says.
G. This study is part f the research lking int what makes us eat mre than we actually need.
【答案】17. C 18. A 19. F 20. D 21. G
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇选句填空。文章介绍了心理因素对人们饮食数量的影响，例如“习惯化”。
【17题详解】
根据横线前面一句This reactin t repeated expsure t fd—being less interested in smething because yu’ve experienced it t much—is called habituatin.可知，当我们多次接触到某一食物的时候，我们对它的兴趣就会减少，因为我们已经熟悉了它。，C项：Fr example, a tenth bite is desired less than the first bite, accrding t the study.(例如，根据这项研究，第十口要比第一口少。)是对前面理论的举例说明，故选C。
【18题详解】
根据横线后面一句Visualizing yurself eating chclate wuldn’t prevent yu frm eating lts f cheese可知，想象自己吃巧克力的样子不会阻止你吃奶酪。也就是说我们要想象自己吃某种具体的食物，这样才会减少你对这种食物的渴望。A项：What’s mre, this nly wrks with the specific fd yu’ve imagined.(而且，这只适用于你想象中的特定食物。)恰好与此吻合，故选A。
【19题详解】
根据本段前面两句Mrewedge cnducted an interesting experiment. 51 subjects were divided int three grups.可知，研究人员对此问题进行了分组研究。第一组的研究对象被要求想象把30个硬币扔进洗衣机，然后想象吃了3个巧克力。这和从口袋里拿出巧克力来吃有类似的运动神经技巧，所以研究人员才会这样开展研究。F项：This requires the same mtr skills as eating small chclates frm a packet, the study says.(这项研究称，这需要和吃小巧克力一样的运动技能。)符合文意，故选F。
【20题详解】
根据本段最后一句The results shwed the grup that had imagined eating 30 chclates each ate fewer f the chclates than the ther grups.可知，在这些人吃完以后，进行称重。结果发现想象每次吃了30个巧克力的人实际上吃了最少。也就是说在他们实验结束以后，会让他们自由地吃巧克力。D项：All f them then ate freely frm bwls cntaining the same amunt f chclate each.(然后，他们所有人都可以自由地从盛有相同数量巧克力的碗中进食。)符合文意，故选D。
【21题详解】
根据本段第三句The research suggests that psychlgical effects, such as habituatin, als influence hw much a persn eats.可知，本次研究说明心理方面的因素会影响人们吃的东西的量。由此可见这个研究是关于人们饮食数量的话题。G项：This study is part f the research lking int what makes us eat mre than we actually need.(这项研究是研究什么使我们吃得比实际需要的多的研究的一部分。)，故选G。
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese speakers tend t use “spear and shield” ____22____(describe) anything that’s cntradictry. Actually, nw the Chinese phrase fr “cntradictin” ____23____(call) Ma Dun r “spear and shield”.
Nearly 2, 000 years ag, there was a man living in the State f Chu. One day, he went t a market t sell spears and shields—tw mst cmmn ____24____(weapn) at that time. When a small crwd gathered arund the seller t lk at his gds, the man ____25____(decide) t advertise his shields first. He said, “Please lk at my shields. They are certainly the ____26____(strng) nes yu can ever find in the wrld.”
Then sme f the ptential buyers came clser t have a careful examinatin f the shields, ____27____ they culdn’t see anything special abut them. The seller then mved n t brag abut his spears. “Nw please have a gd lk at my spears. They are the sharpest weapns ____28____have ever been prduced. S, n matter hw firm a shield is, my spears will pierce (刺穿) thrugh it ____29____(easy).” After listening t the seller’s pitch, a man stepped frward and said, “Yu just tld us that yur shields are the strngest in the wrld and then yu claim yur spears are the sharpest. Hw abut ____30____(use)yur spears n yur shields?” The seller was unable t respnd.
S tday, instead f saying “yu are cntradicting yurself”, Chinese will say “yu are attacking yur shield ____31____ yur wn spear”.
【答案】22. t describe
23. is called
24. weapns
25. decided
26. strngest
27. but 28. that
29. easily 30. using
31. with
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。本文简要讲述了中文里的“自相矛盾”这一成语典故。
【22题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：中国人喜欢用“矛和盾”来形容任何矛盾的东西。此处为固定搭配：use sth. t d sth.意为“用某物做某事”。故填t describe。
【23题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：实际上，现在汉语中的“矛盾”一词被称为“矛盾”或“矛盾”。call作本句位于，和主语Chinese phrase之间是被动关系，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数。故填is called。
【24题详解】
考查名词。句意：一天，他去市场卖矛和盾——这是当时最常见的两种武器。空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词，根据tw可知，用复数形式。故填weapns。
【25题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：当一小群人围着卖主看他的商品时，卖主决定先为他的盾牌做广告。本句是when引导的时间状语从句，decide作主句的谓语，描述的是已发生的事，用一般过去时。故填decided。
【26题详解】
考查形容词。句意：它们肯定是你能找到的世界上最强壮的。空后是代词，代指前文提到的盾牌，所以空处应填形容词作定语，本句下文的“yu can ever find in the wrld”暗示此处用形容词的最高级形式。故填strngest。
【27题详解】
考查连词。句意：然后，一些潜在的买家走近仔细地检查了盾牌，但他们看不出盾牌有什么特别之处。。前后两个分句之间存在转折关系，因此用并列连词but。故填but。
【28题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：它们是有史以来最锋利的武器。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是weapns，在从句中作主语，又因先行词前有最高级修饰时，只能用that引导。故填that。
【29题详解】
考查副词。句意：所以，无论多么坚固的盾牌，我的矛都能轻易地刺穿它。空处修饰空前的动词pierce，用副词修饰。故填easily。
【30题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：把你们矛用在你们的盾上会是怎么样?abut是介词，后接动名词作宾语。故填using。
【31题详解】
考查介词。句意：所以今天，中国人不会说“你在自相矛盾”，而是会说“你在用自己的矛攻击自己的盾”。“attack yur shield with yur wn spear”表示“用你自己的矛攻击你的盾”。with意为“用”，符合语境。故填with。
四、写作
A
第一节(满分15分)
32. 假定你是某国际学校学生李华，你的爱尔兰笔友Kelly对你提到的学校“多元文化日”(Multicultural Day)活动很感兴趣。请回信告知他关于该活动的相关信息。内容包括：
1.活动时间;
2.活动目的和内容。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Kelly,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Kelly,
Knwing that yu are interested in Multicultural Day f ur schl, I am writing t intrduce it t yu. It is designed t increase the students’ understanding f different cultures all ver the wrld. We celebrate it n July 1st every year, when we rganize a variety f activities such as dance perfrmances, exhibitins and fashin shws and s n. It is thrugh these activities that we can have a deeper understanding f different cultures arund the wrld. Fr example, during the dance perfrmance, we can enjy dances perfrmed by students frm different cuntries.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给爱尔兰笔友Kelly写回信，介绍学校的“多元文化日”活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
对……有兴趣：be interested in→have interest in
是为了：be designed t d→be intended t d
组织：rganize→arrange
各种各样的：a variety f→varius
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Knwing that yu are interested in Multicultural Day f ur schl, I am writing t intrduce it t yu.
拓展句：Because I knw that yu are interested in Multicultural Day f ur schl, I am writing t intrduce it t yu.
【高分句型1】We celebrate it n July 1st every year, when we rganize a variety f activities such as dance perfrmances, exhibitins and fashin shws and s n.（运用了when引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】It is thrugh these activities that we can have a deeper understanding f different cultures arund the wrld.（运用了强调句型It is+被强调部分+that+句子其它部分）
B
第一节(满分15分)
33. 假定你是李华，某国际学校学生会主席。你校学生会正在向全体学生征集以“中国科学家精神”(The Spirit f Chinese Scientists)为主题的短视频。请你用英文拟一则征稿启事，
内容包括：1.活动目的；2.作品要求；3.投稿方式及截止时间
Cntributins Wanted
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Student Unin
【答案】Cntributins Wanted
Hell, everyne! I am Li Hua, president f the Student Unin f ur schl. Our schl is cllecting sme shrt vides n the theme f “The Spirit f Chinese Scientists”. Here is sme useful infrmatin abut this activity.
The purpse f this activity is t spread the spirit f perseverance t peple. In additin, the mst imprtant thing is that the submitted wrk shuld include a scientist. Finally, if yu want t submit a shrt vide, please send it t ur schl website, and nte that the deadline is Octber 1st.
I hpe yu can actively participate in ur schl activities.
The Student Unin
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，某国际学校学生会主席。你校学生会正在向全体学生征集以“中国科学家精神”(The Spirit f Chinese Scientists)为主题的短视频。请你用英文拟一则征稿启事，内容包括：1.活动目的；2.作品要求；3.投稿方式及截止时间。
【详解】1.词汇积累
目的：purpse→aim
此外：besides → what’s mre→/in additin
最后：finally→in the end→at last
参加：participate in→take part in
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Our schl is cllecting sme shrt vides n the theme f “The Spirit f Chinese Scientists”.
拓展句：Our schl is cllecting sme shrt vides which shuld be n the theme f “The Spirit f Chinese Scientists”.
【高分句型1】The purpse f this activity is t spread the spirit f perseverance t peple.（运用了动词不定式作表语）
【高分句型2】In additin, the mst imprtant thing is that the submitted wrk shuld include a scientist.（运用了that引导的表语从句）
C
第一节(满分15分)
34. 假定你是李华，英语课上，老师要求大家分组讨论使用电子设备阅读的现象。请你作为小组代表，写一篇短文，内容包括：
1. 优点与缺点;
2. 合理建议。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右;
2. 题目和首句已为你写好, 不计人总词数。
Make Better Use f Digital Reading
Nwadays, digital reading is becming increasingly ppular.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Make Better Use f Digital Reading
Nwadays, digital reading is becming increasingly ppular. It ffers several advantages and drawbacks. On ne hand, digital reading prvides great cnvenience, allwing us t carry an entire library with us. Additinally, it enhances the experience with interactive elements such as vides. Hwever, ptential distractins frm ther apps n the device can be a drawback. Furthermre, sme argue that the lack f physical bks takes away the sensry experience and emtinal cnnectin with reading.
In my pinin, we shuld develp digital discipline and strike a balance by ccasinally incrprating traditinal bks int ur reading. By enjying the benefits and minimizing the drawbacks, we can fully enjy digital reading.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。要求考生对于在英语课上，老师要求大家分组讨论使用电子设备阅读的现象这一情况，作为小组代表，写一篇短文。
【详解】1.词汇积累
提供：ffers→ prvides
此外：Additinally → What’s mre
增强，提高：enhances→ imprves
观点：pinin→ view
2.句式拓展
合并句子
原句：Nwadays, digital reading is becming increasingly ppular. It ffers several advantages and drawbacks.
合并句：Nwadays, digital reading is becming increasingly ppular, which ffers several advantages and drawbacks.
【高分句型1】On ne hand, digital reading prvides great cnvenience, allwing us t carry an entire library with us.（运用了非谓语动词中的现在分词作状语。）
【高分句型2】Furthermre, sme argue that the lack f physical bks takes away the sensry experience and emtinal cnnectin with reading.（运用了连接代词that引导的宾语从句。）
D
第二节(满分25分)
35. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“Lk!” I said t my husband, Rger, pinting t the branches. “The dves (鸽子) have built a nest.
On a chilly April day, we watched with hrrr as a hawk dived dwn and tk ne f the dves. By the next mrning the ther parent was gne t. Rger climbed up a ladder t take a lk int the nest. Was it pssible the hawk had spared the yung? Yes, there sat a newly hatched baby dve! We brught him inside and set up the nesting bx with the heat lamps we had used fr raising chickens. Then we rushed t the pet shp t buy the frmula (配方奶) which needed t lk like the mther’s milk. But even with ur care and prayers, we knew that the dve’s chances were slim. We were especially wrried that ur little bird, whm we’d named Hawkeye, hardly ced (咕咕地叫) at all. That had t be a bad sign.
But t ur surprise, Hawkeye nt nly survived but als thrived. Within a mnth, he was able t stand n the edge f a bwl and eat ut f a baby spn. And befre we knew it, he was eating the seeds we gave him. Having the pprtunity t nurture this new life brught me a greater measure f peace with each passing day.
As Hawkeye grew, we nticed that unlike all the ther dves in ur yard, he had a duble breast with a line dividing it. When I did sme research n the dves, I fund ut that females dn’t ften c.
“We gt it all wrng,” I tld Rger. “Hawkeye is a girl!”
We realized that we’d have t teach her t fly. First, we urged her t fly frm a finger t the bttm rung (梯子的横档) f a six-ft ladder, and in n time she was mving quickly t the tp. She lit ut (逃走，溜掉) fr the kitchen whenever she heard the click f the spn n her bwl. By mid-June she’d gained full cnfidence in her wings.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1: At that time, we knew it was time t set ur Hawkeye free.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2: But ne May mrning, Hawkeye and the ther dve landed n the rftp.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One pssible versin:
At that time, we knew it was time t set ur Hawkeye free. We tk her utside, but she nly flew abut the yard, even when we left her and went back inside. My heart brke as she watched us thrugh the windw. Finally, after several minutes, she flew t the tree and then tk ff int the sky. I ften stared ut the back windw, hping t catch just a glimpse f her. “If I culd nly see her ne mre time,” I tld Rger, “I’d knw everything wuld be kay.” I had nearly given up hpe.
But ne May mrning, Hawkeye and the ther dve landed n the rftp. The smaller ne bre Hawkeye’s distinctive chest markings. She had nt nly returned, but she’d als brught her mate with her! They built a nest n the very same branch where Hawkeye had been brn. Several weeks later we watched Hawkeye feed her wn tw babies. And every time she flew int the sky, I felt my wn heart fly with her—light and filled with grace.
【解析】
【导语】本文以作者喂养幼鸽成长为线索展开，讲述了作者在四月一个寒冷的日子里，发现一只鸽子的父母被鹰抓走，在作者与丈夫细心的照料下，幼鸽子健康成长，还给它起了一个名字叫Hawkeye，随着Hawkeye的慢慢长大，作者开始教它飞行，到了六月，幼鸽Hawkeye已经开始对自己的翅膀有了充分的信心的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“那时，我们知道是时候释放我们的Hawkeye了。”可知，第一段可描写作者放飞鸽子Hawkeye的过程以及鸽子飞走后作者的心情。
②由第二段首句内容“但是五月的一个早晨，Hawkeye和另一只鸽子降落在屋顶上。”可知，第二段可描写Hawkeye带着伴侣回来后的发展情况。
2.续写线索：带到屋外——Hawkeye不舍——飞走后作者的感受——Hawkeye带着伴侣回归——筑巢生活——作者的心情
3.词汇激活
行类
①凝视：stared/gaze fixedly
②放弃：given up/abandn
③饲养/喂养：feed/raise/keep
情绪类
①悲伤：ne’s heart brke/fall int srrw
[高分句型1]. I ften stared ut the back windw, hping t catch just a glimpse f her.（运用了现在分词短语作状语）
[高分句型2]. She had nt nly returned, but she’d als brught her mate with her! （运用了“nt nly…but als…”连接并列句）
[高分句型3]. And every time she flew int the sky, I felt my wn heart fly with her—light and filled with grace.（运用了every time引导时间状语从句）
E
第二节(满分25分)
36. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A Sweet Sng
"Nthing will ever be the same again," Ally whispered. She sank slwly int her father's favrite chair and stared at the small American flag n his desk. It was the flag which Chief Russell had given t her after the funeral last summer, when he hugged her and tld her hw prud the Plice Department was f her dad's wrk fr them. His tears had warmed Ally's cheeks; her wn tears were still frzen inside her heart.
Ally lked at her father's picture n the bkcase. Dad was sitting in the middle f a stream, wet thrugh but grinning prudly. "I miss yu, Dad," she said sftly. By this time last year she had already taken dzens f pictures. Ever since she culd remember, she and Dad had been a team, searching the wds behind the huse each weekend fr a glimpse f the special wd warbler（林中莺）.
Ally reached fr the first pht album she and Dad had put tgether. On the cver a tiny range bird with blue-gray wings and sharp black eyes peered ut f the pht her father had clipped frm a lcal newspaper. Ally smiled, remembering the excited lk n his face when he first shwed her the pretty bird. "Ally, I bet if we search real hard, we'll see this little guy tgether sme day."
They'd never sptted the warbler, but her father had an amazing way f making each uting seem special. Staying with Dad, Ally felt cmfrtable. "If nly I culd get that gd feeling back," she thught, sighing.
Staring at the bird, suddenly, she knew exactly what she had t d. Grabbing the-little flag, she placed her camera arund her neck and hurried utside. Ally stuck the flag amng the flwers in the garden. "Please let me see the warbler," she murmured t herself. She gave her wrried Mm a kiss and then set ff int the wds.
注意
1.续写词数应为150个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Familiar smells f the earth rse up t greet her.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Determined t start ut the next mrning, she was abut t head hme when a ringing birdsng flated dwn t her.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Paragraph 1:
Familiar smells f the earth rse up t greet her. Sme things never change, Ally thught. Quickening her pace, she hurried t the rck by the stream where she and her father used t sit and eat lunch. She sat n it, with her face tward the sun. Overhead the sky was filled with birds busily diving t gather dried grass t place in their nests. Their sweet sngs eched thrughut the wds. Ally felt cntent fr the first time in a lng while. She culd almst hear her father’s laughter in the gentle breeze as she listened fr the sweet sng f the special bird. All t sn, the sun disappeared behind thick gray cluds.
Paragraph 2:
Determined t start ut again the next mrning, she was abut t head hme when a ringing birdsng flated dwn t her. It was prettier than any she had heard befre. An excited feeling bubbled up inside Ally as she searched the sky. A flash f range dashed dwn and rested n a nearby branch. Fr a mment Ally culdn’t believe her eyes, but it was true. The tiny wd warbler just sat there, lking arund, as if it were waiting fr smething. Ally blinked back tears. “Thanks, Dad,” she whispered slwly lifting her camera and taking careful aim. “Things will be different withut yu. I’ll always miss ur time tgether, but I feel better nw.”
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Ally的父亲去年去世了，她翻看相册时看到了封面上一只橘黄色的小鸟，想起了父亲第一次给她看这只漂亮的小鸟时脸上激动的表情。她想着要是能把那种美好的感觉找回来就好了，于是她拿起相机动身走进了树林。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“熟悉的泥土气息向她袭来。”可知，第一段可描写Ally进入树林后的事情，她坐在和父亲过去常常坐的岩石上，感到满足。
②由第二段首句内容“她决定第二天早上再出发，正准备回家的时候，传来了一阵鸟鸣的声音。”可知，第二段可描写Ally再次看到了橘黄色的小鸟，觉得很感动，自己会永远怀念和父亲在一起的时光。
2.续写线索：进入森林——回忆过去——离开森林——遇见橘黄色的小鸟——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①做决定：determined t d/ make a decisin/ make up ne's mind t d sth.
②.回家：g back hme/return hme
③.四处看：lk arund/ lk abut
情绪类
①.满足：feel cntent fr / be satisfied with
②.激动：excited / fevered
[高分句型1]. Quickening her pace, she hurried t the rck by the stream where she and her father used t sit and eat lunch.（现在分词作状语，关系副词where引导的定语从句）
[高分句型2]. She culd almst hear her father’s laughter in the gentle breeze as she listened fr the sweet sng f the special bird.（as引导时间状语从句）
F
第二节(满分25分)
37. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When I was seven years ld, my family mved frm Mexic t America. In Mexic, I was a cheerful girl wh lved making peple laugh with my jkes and inventing fun games t play with my friends. Hwever, when I arrived in America, I fund it hard t fit in, and I became quieter.
We lived in a small huse with a mdest yard where we grew vegetables—my respnsibility. While I tk pride in watching them grw, there were times when I dreamed f having a beautiful garden like my schlmate Luella’s, with its delicate tulips (郁金香). Althugh Luella lived in the same neighbrhd as me, we barely knew each ther.
It was after a trnad that Luella and I finally became clse friends
The trnad struck n a Sunday afternn.The gentle breeze transfrmed int a strng wind, and thick gray cluds filled the sky. Gradually, the trnad tk shape, starting as a thin rpe and grwing int a large black funnel (漏斗). My entire family gathered in the bathrm, seeking shelter frm the strm. Terrified, I sat clse t my mm, knees in my chest. After the strm had passed, ur wrries and fears were replaced by relief that we were unharmed and that ur huse had remained undamaged.
As I stepped utside, I witnessed the extent f the damage the trnad had caused t ur neighbrhd. Acrss the street, a tall tree had fallen, crushing Luella’s garden in frnt f her yellw huse. We hurried ver t check n it. Frtunately, her family seemed t be away at the time, and n ne was injured. Hwever, her nce-beautiful garden was in ruins, with the fallen tree destrying the tulips and debris (碎片) spread everywhere. I culd nly imagine hw heartbrken they must feel seeing this.
Then my mm’s usual wrds rang in my ear, “It is mre blessed t give than t receive,” and my family started t think abut hw we culd help.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Just at that mment, Luella’s family returned in their car.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Even after the debris was cleared, I culd still sense Luella’s srrw fr her lst garden.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Just at that mment, Luella’s family returned in their car. Empathy surged within me as I saw the shck and disbelief n their faces. I culdn’t help but apprach Luella, tightly hlding her hands and saying, “I’m s srry fr yur lss, but thankfully yu’re all right.” She weakly ndded at me, still appearing puzzled by the devastating sight. My family vlunteered t help hers clean up the mess, cutting dwn the branches and remving the fallen trees frm the yard. T uplift Luella’s spirits and bring her cmfrt, I tried my best t cheer her up while tidying the garden with her, during which my wn jyful persnality seemed t revive a bit.
Even after the debris was cleared, I culd still sense Luella’s srrw fr her lst garden. My heart went ut t her, knwing hw much she had cherished thse tulips that she had devted s much energy t. Yet nw, they were all gne. Determined t restre the beauty that nce thrived, I suggested that we rebuild the garden. Luella agreed delightedly. With each bulb carefully planted and watered, the new tulip seedlings nce again filled the garden, which symblized the spruting f a new friendship between us, as well as the turning that I finally gt embraced by this new envirnment. My mm was right: it’s mre blessed t give than t receive because when yu give. Yu may receive smething unexpected in return.
【解析】
【导语】文章以人物为线索展开，文章讲述了作者七岁时从墨西哥搬到美国的生活经历。在墨西哥时，她是一个开朗的女孩，喜欢和朋友开玩笑和发明有趣的游戏。但到了美国后，她发现很难融入新环境，变得安静了许多。她和同学Luella住在同一个社区，但几乎不认识对方。直到一次龙卷风袭击后，作者和Luella才成为亲密的朋友。龙卷风造成了严重的破坏，特别是Luella美丽的花园被一棵倒下的树摧毁。作者受到妈妈“给予比接受更幸福”的话的启发，开始思考如何帮助Luella。
【详解】1.段落续写
①由第一段首句内容“就在这时，Luella的家人开着车回来了。”可知，第一段可描写作者安慰Luella并努力帮助它振作起来的过程。
②由第二段首句内容“即使在废墟被清理干净之后，我仍然能感觉到露埃拉对她失去的花园的悲伤。”可知，第二段可描写作者和Luella一起重建花园的经过以及作者的感悟。
2.续写线索：安慰Luella——帮忙收拾残局——建议重建花园——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
帮助：help/assist
自愿做某事：vlunteer t d sth./be willing t d sth.
尽力做某事：try ne’s best t d sth./spare n effrt t d sth.
决定做某事：be determined t d sth./make up ne’s mind t d sth.
情绪类
感谢地：thankfully/gratefully
高兴地：delightedly/cheerfully
[高分句型1]
My heart went ut t her, knwing hw much she had cherished thse tulips that she had devted s much energy t.（运用了现在分词作状语，hw much引导宾语从句，that引导定语从句）
[高分句型2]
With each bulb carefully planted and watered, the new tulip seedlings nce again filled the garden, which symblized the spruting f a new friendship between us, as well as the turning that I finally gt embraced by this new envirnment.（运用了with的复合结构，which引导非限制性定语从句，that引导限制性定语从句）
G
第二节(满分25分)
38. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was a quiet and peaceful afternn. Cnnie, already hme frm schl, was sitting cmfrtably in a chair at the kitchen table, ding her hmewrk. Baby Sister was in the living rm, building a castle with her bricks and singing sftly t herself.
Suddenly they heard a familiar and unwelcme sund: “La-la-la-la-la-la.”
Cnnie remarked that truble was cming, and she was right. A mment later the back dr flew pen and banged against the kitchen wall. As 8-year-ld Benjy ran int the dining rm, he inquired abut everyne’s whereabuts, accidentally crashing the dr against the wall with such frce that a small vase drpped t the flr and brke int-pieces.
“Benjy, yu naughty by!” cried Cnnie. “Whatever will Mm say?”
“Hi, Cn. What are yu ding here? Yu dn’t want t read anymre, d yu?” said Benjy excitedly. “Let’s play smething. Lk what I fund tday.”
As Benjy emptied his pckets, sticks, rcks, and candies drpped n the flr and rlled in every directin. Hwever, Cnnie refused t play. She mentined that she needed t learn the petry fr a test. T Cnnie’s shck, Benjy suddenly kncked her bk ut f her hand and rdered her t play with him first.
Cnnie was annyed and jumped ut f her chair. “Why did yu d that?” she cried. “Why can’t yu leave peple alne?”
“Oh, stuck-up (趾高气扬的), are yu?” teased Benjy, pulling Cnnie’s hair and kicking her bk acrss the rm. Unfrtunately it hit Baby Sister’s castle and brught it crashing dwn in ruins.
“B-h-h!” cried Baby Sister. “Yu’ve brken my castle, and I wanted Mamma t see it. B-h-h!” She picked up a blck and cast it as hard as she culd at Benjy’s head. He ducked (躲避), and it missed him, striking a picture and breaking the glass.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
At this mment the back dr pened again and their mther walked in.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Benjy thught a lt abut Mm’s advice and decided t make a change.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】At this mment the back dr pened again and their mther walked in. She was shcked. Learning abut what had happened, Mm thught it was time t talk with Benjy. “Yu must behave yurself,” Mm said with a kind vice. “Yu are s wild and naughty that n ne wants t be arund yu.”Benjy felt ashamed, explaining he just wanted t play with them, but they appeared nt t like him. Mm came up with an idea. She suggested Benjy think f smething nice t say and d, and try t make them happy instead f upsetting them. Then Benjy were lst in thught.
Benjy thught a lt abut Mm’s advice and decided t make a change. The next day when he arrived hme frm schl, he tipted acrss the rm and surprised Cnnie and Baby Sister by putting sme candies under their nses and aplgized. T shcked t knw what t say, the girls sat there with their muths pen. Frm that day n, Benjy wuld either plan pleasant surprises fr his sisters r tell jkes t amuse them. Sn, instead f his sisters unhappily saying, “Oh dear, Benjy’s cming!” they began t say cheerfully, “Hurrah! Benjy will sn be hme!”
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，短文讲述了淘气的8岁Benjy回到家后与他的姐姐妹妹们发生了打闹，她的小妹妹捡起一块玩具砖头，用尽全力朝Benjy的头砸去。他低头躲避，它没有击中他，击中了一幅画，打碎了玻璃。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“正在这时，后门又开了，他们的妈妈走了进来”可知，第一段可描写妈妈与Benjy的谈话以及建议使Benjy陷入了沉思。
②由第二段首句内容“Benjy仔细考虑了妈妈的建议，决定做些改变。”可知，第二段可描写Benjy做出了改变以及姐姐和妹妹们的反应。
2.续写线索：妈妈讲出Benjy的问题——妈妈建议——Benjy沉思——Benj改变——姐姐和妹妹们的反应
3.词汇激活
行为类
①提出：cme up with/put frward
②道歉：aplgize/make an aplgy
③使某人快乐：amuse/entertain
情绪类
①吃惊的：shcked/astnished
②高兴的：happy/delighted
[高分句型1] Learning abut what had happened, Mm thught it was time t talk with Benjy. (运用了现在分词作状语、what引导宾语从句和省略that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] She suggested Benjy think f smething nice t say and d, and try t make them happy instead f upsetting them. (运用了省略that引导宾语从句和虚拟语气)
H
第二节(满分25分)
39. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Lani Williams and her mther, Sincerity, have lived in the histric twn f Lahaina n the Hawaiian island f Maui fr mst f their lives.
Last week, as wildfires began t destry their belved twn, bth the mther and daughter jumped in their car t escape.
Embers (灰烬) were already falling dwn n them. S Lani gt her mm int the car. But then the traffic already std still. Then she saw anther fire beside them n a whle huse. Lani thught they were ging t die in the car.
Lani and her mm determined the nly way ut f the fire’s path was t get ut f their car and climb ver a nearby seawall, int the cean water.
That escape rute, thugh, prved t difficult as Sincerity has truble walking and uses a walker fr assistance.
As Lani and Sincerity was thinking what t d, a man, a cmplete stranger, came t their aid.
The man, later identified as Benny Reinicke, tld Sincerity t lean n his back s that he culd carry her ver the seawall and int the water.
He said, “Auntie, put yur weight n me. I gt yu there.”
Reinicke carried Sincerity n his back ver the seawall, and then stayed with Sincerity and her daughter in the cean water fr ver eight hurs as they waited fr the fires t die ut.
“I just kept thinking t myself, like, this is a yung guy that culd have just left. He culd have swum arund t safety, leaving us behind,” Lani said. “But he didn’t. He stayed with us the whle entire time and made sure that all f us were safe.”
After they made it ut f the cean t safety, Lani and Sincerity lst tuch with Reinicke.
When everything came t nrmal, Sincerity tld her daughter that they shuld find Reinicke and say thank yu t him. Lani tried her neighbrhd fr sme infrmatin abut Reinicke but she fund nthing.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
S Lani decided t turn t the scial media.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Lani tld Reinicke that she and her mther wuld arrange a face-t-face meeting with him.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】S Lani decided t turn t the scial media. She psted the stry abut hw Reinicke had helped her and her mther survive the fire. Three days later, a netizen frm Big Island f Hawaii respnded that Reinicke was his neighbr, wh wrked fr a car sales cmpany. Lani managed t get Reinicke’s telephne number. Lani cntacted Reinicke withut delay. It turned ut that n the day f the fire, Reinicke was in Maui n business. When he saw Lani and her mther were in truble, he chse t lend them a hand.
Lani tld Reinicke that she and her mther wuld arrange a face-t-face meeting with him. A week later the three peple gathered. “I wuldn’t have made it withut yu,” Sincerity said t Reinicke as they hugged. Reinicke said he had n hesitatin when it came t helping save them. “There’s n way mrally I culd just walk past that and just save myself. It’s the rule in my head,” he respnded. Seeing Lani’s next pst abut their meeting with Reinicke, netizens sang high praise fr Reinicke.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了拉尼·威廉姆斯和她的母亲逃离火海时遇到了困难，这时陌生人本尼·赖尼克帮助她们度过了难关。当一切恢复正常，这位母亲告诉她的女儿，她们应该找到赖尼克，并向他说谢谢。拉尼向她的邻居打听莱尼克的消息，但一无所获。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“所以拉尼决定求助于社交媒体。”可知，第一段可描写通过社交媒体找到了赖尼克并得知了他的一些信息，她们联系了赖尼克。
②由第二段首句内容“拉尼告诉赖尼克，她和她母亲将安排与他亲自见面。”可知，第二段可描写他们见面了，表达了对赖尼克的感激以及网友的态度。
2.续写线索：找到赖尼克——得知了一些基本情况——见面——感激——网友们对赖尼克赞不绝口
3.词汇激活
行为类
①联系：cntact/get in tuch with
②选择：chse/select
③拥抱：hug/embrace
④帮助：help/assist
情绪类
①高度赞扬：sing high praise fr/speak highly f
[高分句型1] When he saw Lani and her mther were in truble, he chse t lend them a hand. (运用了when引导时间状语从句)
[高分句型2] Seeing Lani’s next pst abut their meeting with Reinicke, netizens sang high praise fr Reinicke. (运用了现在分词作状语)
I
第二节(满分25分)
40. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Aubrey, a mm f three, was breastfeeding her 10-mnth-ld daughter in her Maui hme last week when alarms started ging ff and she saw her entire neighbrhd was cvered in black smke.
Aubrey and her husband Alex rushed ut f the hme and int their car, escaping with their 10-mnth-ld daughter as well as their 6-year-ld twin daughters. They didn’t take any necessities. In fact, they had never thught the wildfires wuld ever get t where they lived. After all, they were very far.
While Aubrey and her family eventually made it t safety, a relative’s hme, they later learned their wn hme was burned t the grund.
They were left with n pssessins, s Alex had t g t the neighbrhd surrunding his relative’s hme searching fr supplies fr his baby daughter Blue. He went dr-t-dr, asking if anyne had a baby and if there was a bttle r a diaper (尿布) and sme extra milk.
One neighbr just had a baby s he gave Alex tw bttles. And sme neighbrs gave Alex tw diapers and sme gave her three. Alex later said. “They were hlding nt their wn diapers t, which I understand.”
The disaster turned int a crisis fr cuntless parents like Aubrey and Alex, wh had t escape quickly and nw needed basic supplies t keep their children alive and safe.
The wildfires claimed the lives f ver 100 peple, while many mre remained missing. Officials n Maui warned that their supplies were running ut.
Aubrey and Alex decided t travel t anther island, Oahu, where they culd stay in the hme f Alex’s brther’s. There, they had mre access t supplies like diapers and milk. Then they managed t cntact with vlunteers and left in a lifebat fr Oahu. Thinking thse helpless peple, they cried in pain.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Nw n Maui, situatins were becming wrse.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Tgether with ther vlunteers, Alex and his brther cllected large quantities f supplies n Oahu.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Nw n Maui, situatins were becming wrse. Many mre huses were burnt dwn, leaving cuntless peple hmeless. Peple lacked drinking water, fd and clthes. Sme began t fall ill and what’s wrse, it was hard fr them t get access t medicine, which was mre challenging fr parents with children. They were in great need f help. The gvernment were taking actin. But it was depressing that urgent need fr fd, medicine and shelter was still hard t be achieved. Thankfully, mre and mre vlunteers were jining.
Tgether with ther vlunteers, Alex and his brther cllected large quantities f supplies n Oahu. Cnsidering thse helpless parents with children, Alex mainly cllected baby supplies, including milk and diapers. His brther and ther vlunteers cllected lts f tents, clthes and medicine. They arranged bats t deliver the necessities t Maui as quickly as pssible. Many dctrs and nurses n Oahu vlunteered t head fr Maui t ffer timely medical assistance. Thanks t the effrts frm thse dedicated peple, peple in need n Maui were getting ut f truble.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开。Aubrey是三个孩子的母亲，在有一次野火失去了家园，在邻居和志愿者的帮助下来到了她的兄弟家继续生活下去。她的丈夫和兄弟后来也加入了志愿者队伍，帮助岛上的居民渡过难关。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“现在毛伊岛，情况变得越来越糟。”可知，第一段可描写毛伊岛上的悲惨的情况：缺少水，食物，衣服以及急需的药品。
②由第二段首句内容“亚历克斯和他的兄弟与其他志愿者一起在瓦胡岛收集了大量的物资。”可知，第二段可描写作者的丈夫和兄弟们加入志愿者退队伍做出的努力。
2.续写线索：岛上情况越来越糟糕——缺少物资，药品——政府的行动难以缓解状况——亚历克斯加入志愿者队伍——收集婴儿用品、帐篷、衣服和药品——毛伊岛摆脱困境
3.词汇激活
行为类
①让无数人无家可归：leaving cuntless peple hmeless / making cuntless peple hmeless
②缺乏：lacked/were shrt f
③得到：get access t / access
情绪类
①谢天谢地：Thankfully/ Gd be thanked
②令人沮丧的：depressing / frustrating
【高分句型1】Many mre huses were burnt dwn, leaving cuntless peple hmeless. (使用了现在分词leaving充当结果状语)
【高分句型2】Sme began t fall ill and what’s wrse, it was hard fr them t get access t medicine, which was mre challenging fr parents with children. (使用了which引导的非限制性从句)