精品解析：2022届北京市朝阳区高三下学期质量检测二英语试题（原卷版）

这是一份精品解析：2022届北京市朝阳区高三下学期质量检测二英语试题（原卷版），共12页。试卷主要包含了 5分, 共15分）， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

（考试时间90分钟 满分100分）
第一部分 知识运用（共两节, 30分）
第一节（共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 共15分）
阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Oleita, a 26-year-ld envirnmentalist frm Detrit, thinks she may have a partial slutin fr tw prblems: garbage and pverty. It’s called the Chip Bag Prject. She is encuraging snack lvers t dnate their ____1____ chip bags rather than thrw them away, s she can turn them int sleeping bags fr the hmeless.
The idea came t Oleita tw years ag when she came acrss a wman in England____2____ viewers hw t put chip bags tgether t make sleeping bags n Facebk. ____3____, she decided t use that vide as a blueprint t start the Chip Bag Prject.
Oleita and her vlunteers get chip bags f all brands and sizes. After cleaning them in sapy ht water, they ____4____ them pen, lay them flat and irn them tgether. They use the material frm ld cats t ____5____ the insides. Each sleeping bag requires 150 chip bags and takes arund fur hurs t cmplete.
Since 2020, the prject has ____6____ mre than 800, 000 chip bags and, as f last December, created 110 sleeping bags. Sure, it wuld be simpler t ____7____ mney t buy new sleeping bags. But that’s nt enugh. “We are cmmitted t prviding ____8____ fr thse in need, making an impact nt nly scially, but envirnmentally, ” Oleita says.
And, f curse, there’s the symblism f recycling bags that wuld ____9____ land in the trash and using them t help the hmeless. It’s a pwerful reminder that pllutin and pverty ften g hand in hand. As Oleita said, “I think it’s time t shw_____10_____ between all f these issues. ”
1. A. cleanB. specialC. emptyD. new
2. A. shwingB. askingC. sendingD. bserving
3. A. AstnishedB. InspiredC. DisappintedD. Embarrassed
4. A. pushB. sliceC. knckD. swing
5. A. decrateB. matchC. adjustD. cver
6. A. purchasedB. sldC. cllectedD. prduced
7. A. raiseB. brrwC. earnD. save
8. A. relaxatinB. innvatinC. instructinD. relief
9. A. stillB. almstC. hardlyD. therwise
10. A. cnflictsB. similaritiesC. cnnectinsD. distinctins
第二节（共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 共15分）
A
阅读下面短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Years ag, I was in Manhattan t visit my brther. Stpping at a pay phne t call him, I reached int my wallet fr a piece f paper with his number n it. Later, when I gt t my brther’s place, he tld me a wman just called him, saying she ___11___ （find） a wallet. But she didn’t find anything___12___ culd shw the wner’s identificatin but the phne number inside. Knwing she ___13___（wait） at a bar near the pay phne, I hurried ver and fund my her. “May I buy yu a drink?” I asked. “N, thanks, ” she said, handing me my wallet.
B
阅读下面短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
We knw that ___14___（get） sme fresh air can be a md lifter, but nw a German study gives us insight int why. When researchers examined participants’ brains, they discvered that thse wh spent mre time utside had a larger vlume f gray matter in the right prefrntal crtex-the area invlved in planning thughts and actins. Of curse, getting utside culd d mre gd than a md shift ___15___ earlier studies have fund that less prefrntal gray matter is linked t depressin. Therefre, make it a gal ___16___（spend） at least ne hur utside every day.
C
阅读下面短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A new study, ___17___ (lead) by Wellesley Centers, fund that jining scial media befre age 11 was significantly related t mre “prblematic digital behavirs”, cmpared t thse wh jined the platfrms when they were lder. Kids wh jined scial media befre age 11 seemed ___18___(easily) distracted and mre unsympathetic. Hwever, they shwed greater engagement within the nline cmmunity. The gd news is that parents play an active rle and kids shwed lessened negative effects ___19___ parental cntrls. With strng effects f the Internet, we can expect that the need t understand ___20___technlgy shapes kids in their yung ages will becme mre urgent.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节, 38分）
第一节（共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Summer f KidsPst 2022 cntinues with ur readers sharing their summer vacatin adventures. This week’s editin features natinal parks and an ld railrad tunnel (隧道).
We expect mre f ur readers t include us in their summer vacatins, s take a page f KidsPst and share the fun. We’ll feature a selectin f readers’ phts in the print KidsPst and n kidspst.cm this summer. In September, three randmly selected participants will receive bks and KidsPst presents. Here are the rules:
·Get a recent cpy f the printed KidsPst r print ut a page nline (wap.st/kidspst2022PDF). Take it n yur vacatin.
·Get smene t take a pht f yu-and brthers, sisters r ther family members- hlding KidsPst. Make sure at least ne persn in the pht is between the ages f 5 and 13.
·Have a parent fill ut the entry frm at wap.st/summerfkidspst2022 and attach yur pht. List the full name, age and hmetwn f everyne in the pht and explain where yu are and what’s ging n.
·Families can submit nly ne pht, and it must have been taken after May 23, 2022. Entries are due by September 1.
Fr mre infrmatin, please visit kidspst@washpst.cm.
21. Frm the passage we knw that ________.
A. Bella and Ari hiked in three natinal parks
B. Vilet saw black-tailed deer in Olympic Natinal Park
C. Mubn and Masm walked thrugh an ld railrad tunnel
D. Nathan sptted bears at the Smky Muntains Natinal Park
22. If kids want t get a chance f receiving bks and presents, they need t ________.
A. fill ut the paper entry frm
B. take e-KidsPst n their vacatin
C. submit the entries befre May 23, 2022
D. send a pht f themselves hlding KidsPst
23. Why des KidsPst hld the summer adventure sharing activity?
A. T fuel kids’ passin fr phtgraphy.
B. T inspire a sense f adventure in kids.
C. T attract mre kids’ attentin t the newspaper.
D. T recmmend turist destinatins fr kids’ vacatin.
B
Harvest
Tabby walked n her way t schl. She felt a sense f anticipatin because this year she wuld be ne f the graduates being hnred at the twn festival.
These days, she was waiting t hear back abut an admissin applicatin she sent t her tp- chice cllege. It had the prgram that she was mst excited abut. Tday she stayed late at schl t get feedback n anther cllege essay frm Ms. Mueller, her high schl teacher. Ms. Mueller tld Tabby that her essay was very mving and that she knew Tabby wuld miss her hmetwn, but her degree wuld be wrth it. Tabby respnded gratefully.
On the way hme, the sight f the festival decratins made her feel guilty. She knew that mst f her classmates culd happily enjy the festival knwing that they wuld be ging n t d exactly what was expected f them-carrying n the twn’s traditins by staying clse t family and farm. Spending many years at a large university in a city smewhere far frm hme wasn’t suppsed t be part f their plan.
When Tabby gt hme, her family was preparing packages with hmemade ckies t sell at the festival.
“Let’s make an assembly line (流水线),”said Tabby.
“Always trying t imprve the prcess aren’t yu?” her brther laughed. Tabby knew what he was referring t. Last summer, Tabby discvered a technique fr imprving grain strage withut cstly equipment, which was adpted by lcal farmers.
After cmpleting packing, Tabby went t her rm. On her bed, she saw a large envelpe frm the cllege she was waiting t hear frm. She had been accepted int the famus cllege-the ne with the wrld-renwned agricultural science prgram!
The first persn Tabby shared the news with was her grandfather. He gave her a big hug. “I guess my scientist girl still has farming in the bld, ” he said. “Yes! And I will cme back and d sme research right here in a few years,” she said. “Well, this ld farm culd certainly use sme imprvements! I’m prud f yu, Tabby!” he said.
24. Why did Tabby stay late at schl?
A. T get advice n her cllege essay.
B. T say gdbye t her teacher.
C. T express her thanks t her high schl.
D. T wait fr her admissin letter.
25. Tabby felt guilty because she ________ .
A. failed t live up t her teacher’s expectatins
B. skipped ut n helping set up the decratins
C planned n leaving t pursue a higher educatin
D. culd nt assist her classmates t get int cllege
26. Accrding t the passage, Tabby will prbably ________.
A. cntribute t the farming in her hmetwn
B. chse a famus cllege clse t her hme
C. adpt her grandfather’s advice t be a scientist
D. apply her knwledge t cllege agriculture prjects
C
Millins f migratry(迁徙的)birds ccupy seasnally favrable breeding(繁殖)grunds in the Arctic, but scientists knw little abut the frmatin, maintenance and future f the migratin rutes f Arctic birds and the genetic determinants f migratry distance. In a new study, a multinatinal team f researchers under the leadership f Dr. ZHAN Xiangjiang frm the Institute f Zlgy f the Chinese Academy f Sciences integrated tw state-f-the-art techniques-satellite tracking and whle genme sequencing(基因排序)-and established a cntinental-scale migratin system f peregrine falcns in Eurasian Arctic.
The researchers tracked 56 peregrine falcns frm six Eurasian Arctic breeding ppulatins and sequenced 35 genmes frm fur f these ppulatins t study the migratin f this species. They fund that the birds used five migratin rutes acrss Eurasia, prbably established between the last Ice Age 22, 000 years ag and the middle-Hlcene 6, 000 years ag. “Peregrine falcns initiated their autumn migratin mainly in September, and arrived at their wintering areas mainly in Octber, " said Prfessr Mike Brufrd, an eclgist at Cardiff University. “Peregrine falcns that depart frm different breeding grunds use different rutes, and winter at widely distributed sites acrss fur distinct regins. Individual birds that were tracked fr mre than ne year exhibited strng path repeatability during migratin, cmplete lyalty t wintering lcatins and limited breeding dispersal(扩散). ”
The researchers quantified the migratin strategies and fund that migratin distance is the mst significant differentiatin. They used whle genme sequencing and fund a gene-ADCY8, which is knwn t be invlved in lng-term memry in ther animals in previus research- assciated with differences in migratry distance. They fund ADCY8 had a variant at high frequency in lng-distance migrant ppulatins f peregrine falcns, indicating this variant is being favrably selected because it may increase pwers f lng-term memry thught t be essential fr lng-distance migratin.
“Previus studies have identified several candidate genmic regins that may regulate migratin-but ur wrk is the strngest demnstratin f a specific gene assciated with migratry behavir yet identified, ”Prfessr Brufrd said. The researchers further lked at mdels f likely future migratin behavir t predict the impact f glbal warming. If the climate warms at the same rate as it has in recent decades, they predict peregrine ppulatins in western Eurasia have the highest prbability f ppulatin decline and may stp migrating altgether.
“Our wrk is the first t begin t understand the way eclgical factrs may interact in migratry birds, ” said Dr. ZHAN Xiangjiang. “We hpe it will serve as a crnerstne t help cnserve migratry species in the wrld. ”
27. What can we learn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A Five birds’ histrical migratin rutes were rebuilt.
B. Peregrine falcns stick t the areas where they winter.
C. Tw nvel research methds f migratin were invented.
D Peregrine falcns leave fr Arctic regins in September.
28. What can we infer abut ADCY8?
A. It is a newly-discvered gene in the new study.
B. It serves as a fundamental part f lng-distance migratin.
C. It culd be strengthened by the pwer f lng-term memry.
D. It turned ut t be mre favred by birds than the ther animals.
29. What is special abut the new study?
A. It has discvered a new genmic regin f birds.
B. It has predicted the rate at which the climate warms.
C. It analyses the reasns fr the decrease f peregrine falcns.
D. It encurages attentin t envirnmental effects n migratry birds.
30. Which wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A. Researchers Help Cnserve Migratry Species
B. Bilgists Find Evidence f Migratin Gene in Birds
C. Hw Lng-term Memry Helps Lng-distance Migratin
D. Hw Eclgical Factrs Affect Birds’ Migratry Distances
D
One f the great things abut pictures is that they make n demands n yu. Yu can lk as lng as yu like and walk away at any time. There's a freedm in the arrangement that's different frm ging t the mvies, cncerts r the theater. Occasinally, peple always say they feel intimidated by art. On the ne hand, I get it. Sme in the art wrld, wanting t establish their authrity, fall back n abstractins t create a zne f exclusin. It can be insufferable. But n the ther hand, what field desn't see a versin f this phenmenn? Have yu tried understanding cellular bilgy? Cntract law? In my experience, there is less f this cmplex talk arund art than arund mst ther fields.
Art is a wide field. It's deep. It's diverse. Yu can cme at the subject frm cuntless angles. Peple seem t have been making art since the beginning, s the subject is an inseparable part f the whle histry f humanity. S yes, things can get cmplicated. But, in the end, we're talking abut pictures and sculptures. Hw hard is it t lk at a painting? Hw difficult is it t walk arund a sculpture? Children get it immediately. They knw there's n right r wrng when it cmes t lking at art. There are just things t ntice, t test against ur imperfect sense f the truth, and t fld int ur varius cnceptins f beauty. Things we ntice may cause feelings. They may lead t ideas. They might equally prvide a release frm ideas-a release int wnder, and int new kinds f awareness cnnected t yur bdy, yur senses, and yur general state f existential cnfusin. What I ntice will be different frm what yu ntice. That's hw it ges with art.
Mre than the plitical r ecnmic cnditins f any given era, it is art that later generatins mst want t remember. We remember Picass and Matisse with mre lve than General Francisc Franc r Marshall Petain. And we remember the Beatles and Francis Bacn ver the chief ministers f Britain in the 1960s. That's because the arts-and I define the term as bradly as pssible-reveal the best f us. It's because they cmbine the mst intelligent and the mst feeling f us. They testify, mst fundamentally, t the fact that we're alive, that peple lived befre us, that as a species we're capable f making the mst extrardinary things, and that human cnsciusness and the wrld beynd it are nthing shrt f astnishing.
Again and again, art expresses that astnishment — that mixture f wnder and disappintment, knwing and unknwing, pleasure and pain, jy and fear.
31. What des the underlined wrd “intimidated” in Paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A. Misled.B. Inspired.C. Frightened.D. Attracted.
32. What is the main idea f the first tw paragraphs?
A. Art is cmplicated but easy.
B. Art is as cmplex as ther fields.
C. Art is insufferable due t its abstractin.
D. Art is an inseparable part f human histry.
33. Why des the authr mentin several famus peple in Paragraph 3?
A. T emphasize artists are mre adrable.
B. T illustrate the superir psitin f art.
C. T shw art can spread in a brader area.
D. T cmpare plitical and artistic figures.
34. Accrding t the passage, the authr may agree that ________.
A. abstract cncepts can blck humans' insights
B. art is a cmbinatin f unsettled cntradictins
C. humans shuld try t perfect their thughts f beauty
D. the appeal f art lies in its reflectin f the best f man
第二节（共5小题; 每小题2分, 共10分）
根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
In recent years the term “scial distancing" has been at the center f public cnversatin. But it’s nt “scial” distance but physical separatin that we are trying t prmte. Preserving scial ties — even at a distance — is essential fr bth mental and physical health.
____35____ Mdern technlgy has prvided us with many tls. Nt all tls prmte scial cnnectin equally, hwever. And ften such seemingly small chices can make a big difference between strengthening strnger scial cnnectins and giving in t grwing scial distance.
____36____ When peple verestimate the csts r underestimate the benefits f vice-based cmmunicatin, it can create a misplaced bias (偏见) fr text-based media. In ne experiment, we tested whether the media thrugh which peple interact affect their sense f cnnectin-and hw expectatins abut certain technlgies impact the cmmunicatin media they chse t use. Althugh vice-based interactins (such as phne calls) can prduce strnger cnnectins, text- based media (such as e-mails) are ften preferred.
We asked participants t cnnect with smene that they hadn’t interacted with recently, either thrugh e-mail r ver the phne. ____37____ They generally assumed that they’d feel mre cnnected when interacting ver the phne than ver e-mail. But they als predicted that talking n the phne culd be mre uncmfrtable than dashing ff an e-mail. Althugh these participants believed that talking encuraged strnger bnds, mst f them said they’d rather send an e-mail than call the persn up. Fears abut awkwardness push individuals tward text-based methds fr cmmunicating.
____38____Then we fllwed up with them after they had dne s. As expected, we fund that peple did frm meaningfully strnger bnds when interacting ver the phne than ver e-mail. Mre imprtantly, thugh, there was n difference in the amunt f discmfrt when recnnecting n the phne. The human vice appears t prvide benefits fr cnnectin.
Our wrk suggests that feelings f scial cnnectin are apparently facilitated by ne’s vice rather than their keybard.
____39____
A. S the next time yu think abut hw best t cnnect, cnsider calling.
B. We again had participants actually cnnect using either e-mail r phne.
C. Participants first predicted what it wuld be like t get in tuch in these tw ways.
D. When they interact n the phne, they find they are mre cnnected than in real life.
E. Thse mdes f cmmunicatin are perfect chices at the time f physical distancing.
F. Then hw might we best stay cnnected t thers while maintaining physical distance?
G. Decisins n hw t cnnect tend t be based n expectatins f ptential prs and cns f the interactin.
第三部分 书面表达（共两节, 32分）
第一节（共4小题; 第40、41题各2分, 第42题3分, 第43题5分, 共12分）
阅读下面短文, 根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Dn’t put yur elbws(肘) n the table. The sup spn shuld never be put int the muth. These are sme f the examples f table manners. They shw the way peple behave while eating a meal. Actually, every family fllws table manners in its wn way. Even in families where n ne mentins elbws, there are always behaviurs taking effect when sharing meals.
Interestingly, different cultures have different thughts n table manners-elbws n the table, fr example, is very British. Sme cuntries think burping(打嗝) after a meal is a sign that it was delicius. While it is imprtant t keep silent while eating, in sme areas it is actually as imprtant t keep up the traditin f eating at the table as a family, with cnversatins and n mbile phnes.
Table manners matter much. They are a reflectin f yur character. It’s abut respect fr thers. When yu are with thers in a scial setting, yu want t be cnsiderate t thse arund yu. Table manners als mean yur “ticket” t scial success. Gd manners will pen drs that the best educatin cannt. Few will want an ill-mannered persn in their wrkplace, r scial circle, and this is as relevant tday as it was hundreds f years ag.
While glbalizatin has led t the intermixing f cultures, the essence f table manners remains. “I was brught up t have table manners,” says celebrated chef Tny Tan, wh grew up in Malaysia, eating Indian, Chinese and Malay cuisines with chpsticks, hands, spn and frk. Tan, wh went n t train as a chef in Paris and Lndn, is an expert in Asian cuisines frm Cantnese t Malaysian, which he teaches at his schl in cuntry Victria-but the etiquette(礼节), particularly f his Chinese traditin, has remained. He says, “Yu’ve gt t invite yur elders t start eating, r say, ‘We are nw eating’, s the elders can say, ‘G ahead’. It’s a sign f respect t the elderly. When peple dn’t d that anymre, they lack manners and they lack gd upbringing. ”
40. What are table manners?
41. Why are table manners imprtant?
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
>Tny Tan says that it is implite fr yunger generatins t start eating befre the elders d even after they get permissin frm the elders.
43. Apart frm the rules mentined in the passage, what ther table manners d yu have in yur hme? （In abut 40 wrds）
第二节（20分）
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你在学校网站上看到国际部将举办“低碳生活方式”推广活动，正在招募活动宣传大使，请你用英语给相关负责人写一封自荐信，内容包括：1. 说明对低碳生活的认识；2. 介绍个人优势。
提示词：宣传大使 ambassadr
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数。
Dear Sir/Madam,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
Mubn Kurukumbi, 13, and Masm Kurukumbi, 10, f Fairfax visited Washingtn state. They hiked in three natinal parks: Nrth Cascades, Munt Rainier and Olympic Natinal Park. While n Hurricane Ridge Muntain in Olympic Natinal Park, Mubn and Masm were apprached by several black-tailed deer.
Nathan Hward, 8, f Ashburn visited the Smky Muntains Natinal Park in Nrth Carlina and Tennessee. Nathan hiked, played in streams and saw tw bears. He is a junir ranger and wants t be a ranger t lk after the Smky Muntains Natinal Park when he grws up.
Bella Lamb, 13, Ari Lamb, 8, f Virginia Beach, and Vilet Lamb, 9, f Centreville visited the Claudius Crzet Blue Ridge Tunnel in Rckfish Gap, Virginia. The histric railrad tunnel was built in the 1850s. They walked thrugh the tunnel with flashlights while enjying the cler temperatures.