高中英语外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 5 Learning from nature课文配套课件ppt
展开语法精讲 提升语用能力
1.emply v.使用,运用;雇用
(1)emply sb.as ... 雇用某人为……emply sb.t d sth.雇用某人做某事be emplyed in (ding) sth.应用于/从事于/忙于(做)某事(2)emplyment n.工作,职业,雇用emplyer n.雇用者,雇主emplyee n.受雇者,雇员
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①A number f peple have been emplyed _______ (deal) with the wrk.②A large cmpany requires the __________ (emply) f many peple.③It's been reprted that a large number f _________ (emply) in sme western cuntries are using emjis at wrk.
④她忙着把所有要做的工作列一个清单。 She ________________________________________ t be dne.⑤你是怎样利用你的空闲时间的?Hw d yu _______________________?
was emplyed in making a list f all the wrk
emply yur spare time
2.vary frm ...从……到……之间变化
(1)vary v. 根据情况)变化,不同;改变vary with随……而变化vary in在……方面变化,在……方面有差异(2)variety n.多样化;不同种类a variety f各种各样的(3)varius adj.各种各样的,各种不同的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①Jin us t taste a _______ (varius) f fresh lcal fd and drinks.②When a predatr lives n _______ (vary) species,they are weakly linked.③The stpping distance fr cars varies _____the speed they are travelling at.④人的爱好和选择各不相同。 Tastes and preferences ________________________.
vary frm persn t persn
3.“否定词+比较级”结构表示最高级
(1)“否定词+比较级”结构表示最高级含义,意为“没有比……更……的了;没有像……一样……的了”。常用的否定词有n,nt,never,nthing,nbdy,hardly等。
(2))比较级+than+
any ther+单数名词all the ther+复数名词anyne elseany f the ther+复数名词 the rest f+
[即学即练] 完成句子/一句多译①过马路时,你越小心越好。Yu ________________________ while crssing the street.②总之,我们应该意识到没有什么比健康更宝贵的。In cnclusin,we shuld be aware that __________________________ health.
can never be t careful
nthing is mre valuable than
③它是中国最大的城市。a.It is larger than _________ city in China.b.It is larger than _____________ cities in China.c.It is ___________ city in China.
all the ther
the largest
P701.____________________ 发挥相同的作用2.________________________从大自然中获取灵感3.____________小规模的,小型的4.____________________模仿,仿照5._________________应当/应该做某事6._________________在……到……之间变化7.__________鲜花盛开
serve the same functin
draw inspiratin frm nature
in miniature
mdel sth.n/after sth.
be suppsed t d
P711._____________依赖/指望……提供……2._______________ 获得专利3.________________寻求……的解决方法4.____________ (日本载客的)高速列车,子弹列车5.__________________ 从……中获取灵感6.___________发送信号7.______________ 被应用于
btain a patent
seek slutin t...
bullet train
take inspiratin frm
send signal
be emplyed in
P721.__________撞到……上2.______ 存在,在于3.__________________防弹衣4.___________武术5.__________ 发生,产生6._______________出现,形成,产生7.__________________把某事归功于某人(常用被动)
bullet-prf clthing
martial art
cme int being
credit sb.with sth.
非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语一、非谓语动词概述1.非谓语动词有三种:动词不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词。非谓语动词在句中不可单独用作谓语,没有人称和数的变化,但可以有自己的宾语、状语等。
[温馨提示]非谓语动词的否定形式是在非谓语动词的前面直接加nt,如nt t d,nt ding,nt t be dne,nt having dne。
3.非谓语动词的句法功能
二、非谓语动词作主语1.非谓语动词作主语的基本用法
Living in the city brings him lts f jb chances.住在城市给他带来了很多工作机会。Reading alud is a gd way t learn a language.朗读是学习一门语言的好方法。T ask her fr help is necessary.找她帮忙是必要的。
2.it代替非谓语动词作形式主语(1)it代替动词-ing形式作主语的常见句式:
It is a waste f time ding ... 做……是浪费时间的It is n gd/use ding ...做……是没用的It is wrthwhile ding ...做……是值得的It is useless ding ...做……没有用It is n fun ding ...做……没有乐趣
It is n gd/use waiting here.在这里等待无济于事。It is a waste f time arguing with him abut the matter.同他争论这件事真是浪费时间。
(2)it代替动词不定式作主语的常见句式:It is+形容词+(fr/f) sb.t d is+a/an+名词+t d takes sb.sme time t d is up t sb.t d is imprtant fr yu t walk after supper.晚饭后散步对你很重要。It tk her abut tw hurs t finish her hmewrk.她花了大约两个小时的时间完成了作业。
三、非谓语动词作宾语动词不定式和动词-ing形式在句中都可以作宾语。动词不定式作宾语一般表示一次性的动作或将来的动作;动词-ing形式作宾语常表示经常性的动作或正在进行的动作。但在很多情况下,两者可以通用,使用时要注意一些特殊的规则。1.下列动词后只能用动词不定式作宾语:decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hpe/wish,refuse,manage,care,pretend,ffer,prmise,chse,plan,agree,ask/beg,help,affrd,strive,happen,wait,threaten,fail等。
[温馨提示] 牢记口诀:决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮。If I fail t appear by 7 'clck,I will nt be cming.如果我7点钟没有出现的话,我就不会来了。After a gap f five years,Jennifer decided t g back t wrk full-time.五年之后,詹妮弗决定继续全职工作。
2.下列动词或动词短语后只能用动词-ing形式作宾语:cnsider,suggest/advise,lk frward t,excuse/pardn,admit,delay/put ff,fancy,avid,miss,keep/keep n,practice,deny,finish,enjy/appreciate,frbid,imagine,risk,can't help,mind,allw/permit,escape等。
[温馨提示] 牢记口诀:考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练,否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险,不禁介意准逃亡。此外,下列动词短语后也要用动词-ing形式作宾语:be used/accustmed t,lead t,be devted t,g back t,stick t,bject t,get dwn t,pay attentin t,can't stand,give up,feel like,insist n,aplgise fr,be busy (in),have difficulty/truble (in),have a gd/wnderful/hard time (in),spend time (in)等。
I dn't mind having a dg in the huse s lng as it's clean.我不介意房子里有条狗,只要它是干净的就行了。He has becme accustmed t ding mrning exercises every day.他每天晨练,已经变得习以为常了。
3.下列动词或动词短语后既可以用动词-ing形式作宾语,也可以用动词不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别,要特别注意:
If we want t catch the 7:30 train,that will mean leaving the huse at 6:00.如果我们想赶上7:30的火车,那就意味着要6:00从家中出发。I didn't mean t leave her name ff the list;it was an versight.我不是有意在名单上漏掉她的名字的,这是个疏忽。The teacher regretted t tell Tm he didn't pass the exam,and Tm regretted nt studying hard.老师遗憾地告诉汤姆他没通过考试,汤姆很后悔没有努力学习。
4.动词allw,permit,frbid,advise等后直接跟动词-ing形式作宾语,如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。Srry,we dn't allw making nises in the reading rm.对不起,在阅览室不准喧哗。We dn't allw students t make nises in the reading rm.我们不允许学生在阅览室喧哗。
5.need,want,require作“需要”,deserve作“应受,应得”讲时,其后用动词-ing形式的主动形式(ding)或动词不定式的被动形式(t be dne)表示被动意义。be wrth后也用动词-ing形式的主动形式(ding)表示被动含义。The windw needs/requires/wants t be cleaned/cleaning.需要擦窗户了。
6.think,find,feel,make,believe等动词可用于“动词+it+形容词+t d sth.”结构,在此句型中,it作形式宾语,而真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。I think it imprtant t take ntes in all classes.我认为在所有课上做笔记是重要的。
四、非谓语动词作表语1.动词不定式和动词-ing形式作表语时的区别动词不定式和动词-ing形式作表语虽然都是用于回答主语“是什么”的,但二者仍有一些区别。动词不定式作表语强调的是一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作;而动词-ing形式作表语强调的是一般性的、抽象的、经常发生的动作。Our plan is t make better use f these materials.我们的计划是更好地利用这些材料。My jb is teaching yu English.我的工作是教你们英语。
2.动词-ing形式和过去分词作表语时的区别动词-ing形式和过去分词作表语都是用于回答主语“怎么样”的。动词-ing形式说明主语的特征,过去分词则说明主语的状态。I was surprised at the news that he had failed the test.听到他考试不及格的消息,我很惊讶。The music they are playing sunds exciting.他们正在演奏的音乐听起来令人兴奋。
3.动词不定式作表语和动词不定式表示将来时的区别动词不定式作表语用于说明主语“是什么”,主语和表语可以交换位置,其意思不变;动词不定式用来表示将来时态时,表示主语即将要执行的动作,主语和表语不可交换位置The purpse f fundamental educatin is t develp a fine persnality in children.基础教育的目的是培养儿童优良的品格。My American teacher is t leave China sn.我的美国老师即将离开中国。
4.过去分词作表语和过去分词用于被动语态时的区别过去分词作表语说明主语所处的状态或特征;过去分词用于被动语态说明主语所承受的动作The painting remains unfinished.这幅绘画仍未完成。The painting was finished by his apprentice.这幅绘画是由他的徒弟完成的。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.I dn't think it is wrthwhile ____________ (sacrifice) yur health t make great achievements.2.It's a great hnr fr me ___________ (ask) t deliver a speech t everybdy here.3.In fact,it is a hard jb fr the plice _______ (keep) rder in an imprtant ftball match.
t sacrifice
4.Cutting dwn trees and _______ (dig) up grass can cause deserts and sandstrms t increase.5.I think it is n gd ______ (have) anther talk with him n the matter.6.The pilt asked all the passengers n bard t remain ______ (seat) as the plane was making a landing.7.And fficials at Prt Lympne were delighted with the new arrival,especially as black rhins are knwn fr _____ (be) difficult t breed in captivity (圈养).
8.He appreciated ____________(give) a chance t make a presentatin in the annual seminar n Cmparative Literature.9.Bill suggested ________ (hld) a meeting n what t d fr the Exp during the vacatin.10.The next step is _________(make) sure that yu knw exactly what is required.
being given
Ⅱ.完成句子1.不采取行动只是抱怨是没有用的。____________________ withut taking actin.2.学着批判性地思考是现在的孩子未来需要的一项重要技能。_______________________ is an imprtant skill tday's children will need fr the future.
It is n use cmplaining
Learning t think critically
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