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新高考（广西专版）2024届高考英语二轮总复习阅读理解能力升级练考点分类练八主旨大意题标题归纳类含答案
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这是一份新高考（广西专版）2024届高考英语二轮总复习阅读理解能力升级练考点分类练八主旨大意题标题归纳类含答案，共8页。
Can a small grup f drnes(无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability f railways and, at the same time, help railway peratrs save billins f eurs each year? That is the very likely future f applying tday’s “eyes in the sky” technlgy t making sure that the millins f kilmetres f rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施) wrldwide are safe fr trains n a 24/7 basis.
Drnes are already being used t examine high-tensin electrical lines. They culd d precisely the same thing t inspect railway lines and ther vital aspects f rail infrastructure such as the crrect psitin f railway tracks and switching pints. The mre regularly they can be inspected, the mre railway safety, reliability and n-time perfrmance will be imprved. Csts wuld be cut and peratins wuld be mre efficient(高效) acrss the bard.
That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety. It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the crews’ effrts.
By using the latest technlgies, drnes culd als start prviding higher-value services fr railways, detecting faults in the rail r switches, befre they can cause any safety prblems. T perfrm these tasks, drnes fr rail dn’t need t be flying verhead. Engineers are nw wrking n a new cncept:the rail drnes f the future. They will be mving n the track ahead f the train, and prgrammed t run autnmusly. Very small drnes with advanced sensrs and AI and travelling ahead f the train culd guide it like a c-pilt. With their ability t see ahead, they culd signal any prblem, s that fast-mving trains wuld be able t react in time.
1.What makes the applicatin f drnes t rail lines pssible?
A.The use f drnes in checking n pwer lines.
B.Drnes’ ability t wrk at high altitudes.
C.The reductin f cst in designing drnes.
D.Drnes’ reliable perfrmance in remte areas.
2.What des “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer t?
A.Persnnel safety.
B.Assistance frm drnes.
C.Inspectin and repair.
D.Cnstructin f infrastructure.
3.What functin is expected f the rail drnes?
A.T prvide early warning.
B.T make trains run autmatically.
C.T earn prfits fr the crews.
D.T accelerate transprtatin.
4.Whichisthemstsuitabletitlefrthetext?
A.What Faults Can Be Detected with Drnes
B.Hw Prductin f Drnes Can Be Expanded
C.What Difficulty Drne Develpment Will Face
D.Hw Drnes Will Change the Future f Railways
B
(2021·山东烟台一模)
Many teachers believe frequent quizzes(小测验) help students better grasp classrm material. Crede, an assciate prfessr f psychlgy, was skeptical that smething as simple as a quiz culd psitively affect students’ academic perfrmance. He decided t dig deeper and cnduct an analytic study f existing research t see if there was any prf f the idea. What he discvered truly surprised him.
Crede analysed data frm previusly published studies that examined 52 classes with almst 8,000 students, t determine if frequent quizzes imprved the students’ academic perfrmance. Labratry settings were kept ut f the study because Crede wanted t bserve whether similar studies frm labs wuld apply t general classrms.
Crede discvered that when students were quizzed ver classrm material at least nce a week, they tended t perfrm better n midterm and final exams cmpared t students wh did nt take quizzes. He als fund that students wh tk frequent quizzes were less likely t fail the class, especially if they were struggling with the curse cntent. Students wh struggled the mst in a class seemed t benefit the greatest frm frequent quizzes. The ther surprising thing was hw much quizzes helped reduce failure rates in classes. The chances f passing a class went thrugh the rf where instructrs used this. In additin t quiz frequency, anther factr that seemed t psitively affect students’ perfrmance was immediate feedback frm instructrs. Als, quizzes that required students t answer with written respnses prved mre beneficial t their understanding f classrm material cmpared t multiple-chice questins.
Asking teachers t grade written quizzes daily r weekly may discurage sme frm carrying them ut in their classes. Instead, it is recmmended that instructrs give nline quizzes that can be autmatically graded by a curse management system. Quiz attributes(属性) prved insignificant in the study, including whether the tests were pp quizzes r planned, r if they were nline r n paper.
5.What did Crede d t ensure his study’s accuracy?
A.He fcused n what happened in classrms.
B.He researched as many students as he culd.
C.He made labratry settings as real as pssible.
D.He gave easy quizzes t make every student d well.
6.What did Crede discver in his study?
A.Frequent quizzes culd remve students’ failure in classes.
B.Instructrs’ feedback was mre imprtant than frequent quizzes.
C.Frequent quizzes were especially useful t the struggling students.
D.Multiple-chice questins shuldn’t be included in frequent quizzes.
7.What may be a disadvantage f frequent quizzes fr teachers?
A.Accessing the Internet less frequently.
B.Having t many exam papers t mark.
C.Being unable t get apprpriate test material.
D.Finding it hard t chse the right type.
8.Whichfthefllwingcanbethebesttitlefrthetext?
A.Quizzes Stimulate a Passin fr Creatin
B.Quizzes Imprve Academic Perfrmance
C.Quizzes Create a Heavy Burden
D.Quizzes Increase Bredm
C
(2021·安徽安庆高三二模)
Becming a parent brings ut the best in many animals. Althugh parenting is usually left t the females, the males frm many species will als care fr the ffspring. Take anemne fish(海葵鱼) fr example.
Despite their smaller size, the males help the females defend the nest, but nly the males take care f it. They use their fins as fans t prvide a cnstant flw f xygen and keep the surrundings clean. They als put a lt f effrt int the nest.
The eggs take abut five days t hatch. During this imprtant perid, the males fan them t prvide xygen and remve the rubbish. They als pick up the eggs in their muths and mve them arund t remve any bacteria. One f the biggest threats cmes frm female sticklebacks(刺鱼), wh frm rganised grups and attack the nests t eat all the eggs.
The males defend the newbrn fish and bring back the nes wh mve t far frm the nest. Once the fish grw up, they becme a little bit mre independent and start t swim away. The dad swims after them, picks them up in his muth, and spits them back int his nest. Eventually, he gets t the pint where he can’t keep track f them and that’s when they separate.
Dting(宠爱的) fathers are nt restricted t the wrld f fish. In sme frg species, the dads als warn the mums when the yung nes are hungry and need t be fed.
9.What des the underlined wrd “ffspring” in paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A.Children. B.Relatives.
C.Friends.D.Clleagues.
10.What can we infer abut the male anemne fish?
A.They take full respnsibility fr building the nest.
B.They are much larger than the female anemne fish.
C.They are actually extremely excellent fathers.
D.They frequently make attacks n ther animals.
11.What des it mean when the dad can’t track its yung fish?
A.The dad can’t tend t the yung fish.
B.The yung fish are already independent.
C.The living envirnment is wrse.
D.The dad is in a state f aging.
12.Whatcanbethebesttitlefrthetext?
A.The Mdel Father in the Animal Kingdm
B.The New Rle f the Male Anemne Fish
C.The Really Caring Caregivers in Life
D.A Strange Phenmenn in Nature
参考答案
考点分类练(八) 主旨大意题——标题归纳类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。 文章主要介绍了无人机的各种优势、 对铁路系统做出的诸多贡献以及未来的应用方向。
1.A 解析 细节理解题。 根据第二段第一句可知, 无人机目前正在被用来检查高压电线, 这使得它被应用于铁路系统成为可能。 故选A项。
2.C 解析 词义猜测题。 根据第三段中的“”可以推断出, 画线单词指的就是“维修, 维护”。 故选C项。
3.A 解析 细节理解题。 根据最后一段的第一句和最后一句可知, 人们期盼铁路无人机在未来能够提供预先警报, 确保列车能及时应对问题, 从而提高安全系数。 故选A项。
4.D 解析 标题归纳题。 通读全文内容可知, 文章主要介绍了无人机目前的应用范围, 以及未来在铁路方面的应用方向, 因此“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来”最能概括文章内容。 故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章提到一项研究发现, 经常进行小测验会对学生的成绩有积极的影响。
5.A 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “LabratrysettingswerekeptutfthestudybecauseCredewantedtbservewhethersimilarstudiesfrmlabswuldapplytgeneralclassrms.” 可知, 为确保研究的准确性,Crede排除了实验室环境下的研究资料, 而关注学生在课堂上的表现。故选A项。
6.C 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的 “Healsfundthatstudentswhtkfrequentquizzeswerelesslikelytfailtheclass,especiallyiftheywerestrugglingwiththecursecntent.Studentswhstruggledthemstinaclassseemedtbenefitthegreatestfrmfrequentquizzes.” 可知, 频繁的小测验对那些学习有困难的学生尤其有用。故选C项。
7.B 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “Askingteacherstgradewrittenquizzesdailyrweeklymaydiscuragesmefrmcarryingthemutintheirclasses.” 可知, 要求老师每天或每周给笔试打分而产生的工作量可能会阻碍一些老师在课堂上实施这些做法。故选B项。
8.B 解析 标题归纳题。根据第一段的 “Hedecidedtdigdeeperandcnductananalyticstudyfexistingresearchtseeiftherewasanyprfftheidea.” 和第三段的 “Credediscveredthatwhenstudentswerequizzedverclassrmmaterialatleastnceaweek,theytendedtperfrmbetternmidtermandfinalexamscmparedtstudentswhdidnttakequizzes.” 可知, 本文主要讲述了Crede通过研究证明, 经常进行小测验会对学生成绩有积极的影响, 因此B项是最佳标题。故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章以雄性海葵鱼为例, 讲述了有的雄性动物也会不遗余力地照顾后代。
9.A 解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词前一句 “Althughparentingisusuallylefttthefemales,themalesfrmmanyspecieswillalscarefrtheffspring.” 可推测, 画线词意为 “后代, 孩子”。故选A项。
10.C 解析 推理判断题。第二段提到雄性海葵鱼帮忙保护巢穴, 给巢穴提供源源不断的氧气并保持周围环境的清洁; 第三段提到雄性海葵鱼在卵孵化期间保持卵的清洁, 保护它们不被吃掉; 第四段提到雄性海葵鱼保护刚出生的幼鱼, 并把那些离巢太远的幼鱼带回来。由以上信息可推知, 雄性海葵鱼是非常优秀的父亲。故选C项。
11.B 解析 细节理解题。根据第四段的 “Oncethefishgrwup,theybecmealittlebitmreindependentandstarttswimaway.Thedadswimsafterthem,picksthemupinhismuth,andspitsthembackinthisnest.Eventually,hegetstthepintwherehecan’tkeeptrackfthemandthat’swhentheyseparate.” 可知, 这意味着幼鱼长大并独立了。故选B项。
12.A 解析 标题归纳题。根据全文内容, 尤其是第一段 “Becmingaparentbringsutthebestinmanyanimals.Althughparentingisusuallylefttthefemales,themalesfrmmanyspecieswillalscarefrtheffspring.Takeanemnefishfrexample.” 可知, 文章以雄性海葵鱼为例, 讲述了雄性动物也会不遗余力地照顾后代, 因而A项 “动物王国里的模范父亲” 是最佳标题。故选A项。
Can a small grup f drnes(无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability f railways and, at the same time, help railway peratrs save billins f eurs each year? That is the very likely future f applying tday’s “eyes in the sky” technlgy t making sure that the millins f kilmetres f rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施) wrldwide are safe fr trains n a 24/7 basis.
Drnes are already being used t examine high-tensin electrical lines. They culd d precisely the same thing t inspect railway lines and ther vital aspects f rail infrastructure such as the crrect psitin f railway tracks and switching pints. The mre regularly they can be inspected, the mre railway safety, reliability and n-time perfrmance will be imprved. Csts wuld be cut and peratins wuld be mre efficient(高效) acrss the bard.
That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety. It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the crews’ effrts.
By using the latest technlgies, drnes culd als start prviding higher-value services fr railways, detecting faults in the rail r switches, befre they can cause any safety prblems. T perfrm these tasks, drnes fr rail dn’t need t be flying verhead. Engineers are nw wrking n a new cncept:the rail drnes f the future. They will be mving n the track ahead f the train, and prgrammed t run autnmusly. Very small drnes with advanced sensrs and AI and travelling ahead f the train culd guide it like a c-pilt. With their ability t see ahead, they culd signal any prblem, s that fast-mving trains wuld be able t react in time.
1.What makes the applicatin f drnes t rail lines pssible?
A.The use f drnes in checking n pwer lines.
B.Drnes’ ability t wrk at high altitudes.
C.The reductin f cst in designing drnes.
D.Drnes’ reliable perfrmance in remte areas.
2.What des “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer t?
A.Persnnel safety.
B.Assistance frm drnes.
C.Inspectin and repair.
D.Cnstructin f infrastructure.
3.What functin is expected f the rail drnes?
A.T prvide early warning.
B.T make trains run autmatically.
C.T earn prfits fr the crews.
D.T accelerate transprtatin.
4.Whichisthemstsuitabletitlefrthetext?
A.What Faults Can Be Detected with Drnes
B.Hw Prductin f Drnes Can Be Expanded
C.What Difficulty Drne Develpment Will Face
D.Hw Drnes Will Change the Future f Railways
B
(2021·山东烟台一模)
Many teachers believe frequent quizzes(小测验) help students better grasp classrm material. Crede, an assciate prfessr f psychlgy, was skeptical that smething as simple as a quiz culd psitively affect students’ academic perfrmance. He decided t dig deeper and cnduct an analytic study f existing research t see if there was any prf f the idea. What he discvered truly surprised him.
Crede analysed data frm previusly published studies that examined 52 classes with almst 8,000 students, t determine if frequent quizzes imprved the students’ academic perfrmance. Labratry settings were kept ut f the study because Crede wanted t bserve whether similar studies frm labs wuld apply t general classrms.
Crede discvered that when students were quizzed ver classrm material at least nce a week, they tended t perfrm better n midterm and final exams cmpared t students wh did nt take quizzes. He als fund that students wh tk frequent quizzes were less likely t fail the class, especially if they were struggling with the curse cntent. Students wh struggled the mst in a class seemed t benefit the greatest frm frequent quizzes. The ther surprising thing was hw much quizzes helped reduce failure rates in classes. The chances f passing a class went thrugh the rf where instructrs used this. In additin t quiz frequency, anther factr that seemed t psitively affect students’ perfrmance was immediate feedback frm instructrs. Als, quizzes that required students t answer with written respnses prved mre beneficial t their understanding f classrm material cmpared t multiple-chice questins.
Asking teachers t grade written quizzes daily r weekly may discurage sme frm carrying them ut in their classes. Instead, it is recmmended that instructrs give nline quizzes that can be autmatically graded by a curse management system. Quiz attributes(属性) prved insignificant in the study, including whether the tests were pp quizzes r planned, r if they were nline r n paper.
5.What did Crede d t ensure his study’s accuracy?
A.He fcused n what happened in classrms.
B.He researched as many students as he culd.
C.He made labratry settings as real as pssible.
D.He gave easy quizzes t make every student d well.
6.What did Crede discver in his study?
A.Frequent quizzes culd remve students’ failure in classes.
B.Instructrs’ feedback was mre imprtant than frequent quizzes.
C.Frequent quizzes were especially useful t the struggling students.
D.Multiple-chice questins shuldn’t be included in frequent quizzes.
7.What may be a disadvantage f frequent quizzes fr teachers?
A.Accessing the Internet less frequently.
B.Having t many exam papers t mark.
C.Being unable t get apprpriate test material.
D.Finding it hard t chse the right type.
8.Whichfthefllwingcanbethebesttitlefrthetext?
A.Quizzes Stimulate a Passin fr Creatin
B.Quizzes Imprve Academic Perfrmance
C.Quizzes Create a Heavy Burden
D.Quizzes Increase Bredm
C
(2021·安徽安庆高三二模)
Becming a parent brings ut the best in many animals. Althugh parenting is usually left t the females, the males frm many species will als care fr the ffspring. Take anemne fish(海葵鱼) fr example.
Despite their smaller size, the males help the females defend the nest, but nly the males take care f it. They use their fins as fans t prvide a cnstant flw f xygen and keep the surrundings clean. They als put a lt f effrt int the nest.
The eggs take abut five days t hatch. During this imprtant perid, the males fan them t prvide xygen and remve the rubbish. They als pick up the eggs in their muths and mve them arund t remve any bacteria. One f the biggest threats cmes frm female sticklebacks(刺鱼), wh frm rganised grups and attack the nests t eat all the eggs.
The males defend the newbrn fish and bring back the nes wh mve t far frm the nest. Once the fish grw up, they becme a little bit mre independent and start t swim away. The dad swims after them, picks them up in his muth, and spits them back int his nest. Eventually, he gets t the pint where he can’t keep track f them and that’s when they separate.
Dting(宠爱的) fathers are nt restricted t the wrld f fish. In sme frg species, the dads als warn the mums when the yung nes are hungry and need t be fed.
9.What des the underlined wrd “ffspring” in paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A.Children. B.Relatives.
C.Friends.D.Clleagues.
10.What can we infer abut the male anemne fish?
A.They take full respnsibility fr building the nest.
B.They are much larger than the female anemne fish.
C.They are actually extremely excellent fathers.
D.They frequently make attacks n ther animals.
11.What des it mean when the dad can’t track its yung fish?
A.The dad can’t tend t the yung fish.
B.The yung fish are already independent.
C.The living envirnment is wrse.
D.The dad is in a state f aging.
12.Whatcanbethebesttitlefrthetext?
A.The Mdel Father in the Animal Kingdm
B.The New Rle f the Male Anemne Fish
C.The Really Caring Caregivers in Life
D.A Strange Phenmenn in Nature
参考答案
考点分类练(八) 主旨大意题——标题归纳类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。 文章主要介绍了无人机的各种优势、 对铁路系统做出的诸多贡献以及未来的应用方向。
1.A 解析 细节理解题。 根据第二段第一句可知, 无人机目前正在被用来检查高压电线, 这使得它被应用于铁路系统成为可能。 故选A项。
2.C 解析 词义猜测题。 根据第三段中的“”可以推断出, 画线单词指的就是“维修, 维护”。 故选C项。
3.A 解析 细节理解题。 根据最后一段的第一句和最后一句可知, 人们期盼铁路无人机在未来能够提供预先警报, 确保列车能及时应对问题, 从而提高安全系数。 故选A项。
4.D 解析 标题归纳题。 通读全文内容可知, 文章主要介绍了无人机目前的应用范围, 以及未来在铁路方面的应用方向, 因此“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来”最能概括文章内容。 故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章提到一项研究发现, 经常进行小测验会对学生的成绩有积极的影响。
5.A 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “LabratrysettingswerekeptutfthestudybecauseCredewantedtbservewhethersimilarstudiesfrmlabswuldapplytgeneralclassrms.” 可知, 为确保研究的准确性,Crede排除了实验室环境下的研究资料, 而关注学生在课堂上的表现。故选A项。
6.C 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的 “Healsfundthatstudentswhtkfrequentquizzeswerelesslikelytfailtheclass,especiallyiftheywerestrugglingwiththecursecntent.Studentswhstruggledthemstinaclassseemedtbenefitthegreatestfrmfrequentquizzes.” 可知, 频繁的小测验对那些学习有困难的学生尤其有用。故选C项。
7.B 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “Askingteacherstgradewrittenquizzesdailyrweeklymaydiscuragesmefrmcarryingthemutintheirclasses.” 可知, 要求老师每天或每周给笔试打分而产生的工作量可能会阻碍一些老师在课堂上实施这些做法。故选B项。
8.B 解析 标题归纳题。根据第一段的 “Hedecidedtdigdeeperandcnductananalyticstudyfexistingresearchtseeiftherewasanyprfftheidea.” 和第三段的 “Credediscveredthatwhenstudentswerequizzedverclassrmmaterialatleastnceaweek,theytendedtperfrmbetternmidtermandfinalexamscmparedtstudentswhdidnttakequizzes.” 可知, 本文主要讲述了Crede通过研究证明, 经常进行小测验会对学生成绩有积极的影响, 因此B项是最佳标题。故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章以雄性海葵鱼为例, 讲述了有的雄性动物也会不遗余力地照顾后代。
9.A 解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词前一句 “Althughparentingisusuallylefttthefemales,themalesfrmmanyspecieswillalscarefrtheffspring.” 可推测, 画线词意为 “后代, 孩子”。故选A项。
10.C 解析 推理判断题。第二段提到雄性海葵鱼帮忙保护巢穴, 给巢穴提供源源不断的氧气并保持周围环境的清洁; 第三段提到雄性海葵鱼在卵孵化期间保持卵的清洁, 保护它们不被吃掉; 第四段提到雄性海葵鱼保护刚出生的幼鱼, 并把那些离巢太远的幼鱼带回来。由以上信息可推知, 雄性海葵鱼是非常优秀的父亲。故选C项。
11.B 解析 细节理解题。根据第四段的 “Oncethefishgrwup,theybecmealittlebitmreindependentandstarttswimaway.Thedadswimsafterthem,picksthemupinhismuth,andspitsthembackinthisnest.Eventually,hegetstthepintwherehecan’tkeeptrackfthemandthat’swhentheyseparate.” 可知, 这意味着幼鱼长大并独立了。故选B项。
12.A 解析 标题归纳题。根据全文内容, 尤其是第一段 “Becmingaparentbringsutthebestinmanyanimals.Althughparentingisusuallylefttthefemales,themalesfrmmanyspecieswillalscarefrtheffspring.Takeanemnefishfrexample.” 可知, 文章以雄性海葵鱼为例, 讲述了雄性动物也会不遗余力地照顾后代, 因而A项 “动物王国里的模范父亲” 是最佳标题。故选A项。
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