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2025版高考英语一轮复习题练专题四语法填空考法1有提示词课件
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这是一份2025版高考英语一轮复习题练专题四语法填空考法1有提示词课件，共60页。
过基础 必备知识新题精练题组1Clze 1话题:科幻电影《流浪地球2》 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约200 难度:★★★☆☆ The sci-fi mvie The Wandering Earth Ⅱ has attracted great attentin these days. Many f the mvie audiences praise it a lt and almst every ne f them ▶1 (strike) with the science and technlgy in it, particularly the space elevatrs(电梯) that send peple t space. The key t ▶2 (build) space elevatrs is t find a super strng material that can be used as the elevatr cable(缆绳). The material needs t maintain gd perfrmance when ▶3 (expse) t special cnditins in space. It might be many years 4 space elevatrs culd actually becme a reality. Still, the discussin f this technlgy itself ▶5 (accurate) reflects the ambitin f humans in the research and develpment f material science. Over the past weeks, many audiences ▶6 (shw) great interest in the details and technlgies in the mvie. 7 number f scientists and researchers jined nline discussins 8 an attempt t analyze and explain the pssibilities f the technlgies in the mvie. The mvie's science cnsultant said, "Discussins n the mvie nt nly shw supprt fr Chinese mvies but als fire mre peple's ▶9 (enthusiastic) fr science and technlgy and give them a chance t get t knw ▶10 (relevance) knwledge f science and technlgy behind the mvie."
【解析】 文章主要讲述的是科幻电影《流浪地球2》中的科技应用。1.is struck 时态、语态和主谓一致 根据and前的分句所用的一般现在时和语境可知,此处应用一般现在时;strike"使受吸引"与主语之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;主语中心词为every ne,表示单数概念,谓语动词应用单数。故填is struck。2.building 非谓语动词 空前的t是介词,故空处应填building。the key t ding sth.表示"做某事的关键"。3.expsed 非谓语动词 当暴露在太空中的特殊环境下时,该材料需要保持良好的性能。此处为非谓语动词作时间状语,expse与The material之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词,故填expsed。4.befre 状语从句 太空电梯要真正成为现实可能还需要很多年。分析句子结构可知,此处考查固定句型"It + be + 时间段+ befre从句",故填befre。
【知识拓展】 在as,as sn as,nce,until,when,while,whenever等引导的时间状语从句中,常常可以省略从句中的主语和动词be,连接词后直接跟名词、形容词、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语等。
5.accurately 副词 尽管如此,对这项技术的讨论本身如实反映了人类在材料科学研究和发展方面的雄心。空处修饰动词,应用副词,故填accurately。6.have shwn 时态 在过去的几周里,许多观众对电影中的细节和技术表现出了极大的兴趣。根据句中的时间状语"Over the past weeks"可知,此处应用现在完成时,故填have shwn。
【知识拓展】 易混句型辨析(1)在"It + be + 时间段 + befre从句"结构中,befre是从属连词,引导时间状语从句;该结构表示"过了多久才……,要过多久才……"。例如:①It was just a few days befre the film was released.几天后电影就上映了。②It will be tw years befre they meet again.两年后他们才会再见面。(2)在"It + be + 时间段 + since从句"结构中,since是从属连词,引导时间状语从句。如果从句中的谓语动词是短暂性动词,该结构表示"自……以来有多久了";如果从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词,该结构表示"多久不……了"。例如:①It is three years since I jined the club.我加入这个俱乐部已经三年了。②It is abut tw years since I last played basketball.我不打篮球差不多两年了。
7.A 冠词 为了分析和解释电影中技术的可能性,许多科学家和研究人员加入了在线讨论。根据句意可知,此处表示"许多",应用a number f。8.in 介词 in an attempt t d sth.是固定用法,表示"为了做某事",故填in。9.enthusiasm 名词 对该电影的讨论不仅是对中国电影的支持,也激发了更多人对科技的热情,让他们有机会了解电影背后的相关科技知识。根据空前的peple's和空后的fr可知,此处应用名词,故填enthusiasm。10.relevant 形容词 空处修饰名词knwledge,应用形容词,故填relevant。
【二次精读】 背景知识:《流浪地球》是刘慈欣创作的中篇小说,获2000年度中国科幻银河奖特等奖。小说讲述了太阳内部氢转化成氦的速度突然加快,人类面临灭顶之灾,各个国家合作成立联合政府,决定实施一项长达2 500年的宏大计划:建造行星发动机将地球推离太阳系。2019年上映的电影《流浪地球》改编自该小说,2023年上映的电影《流浪地球2》为电影《流浪地球》的前传。
【名师点津】 解答本题需注意两方面:①准确理解句意;②了解a number f"许多"和the number f"……的数量"的区别。
Clze 2话题:北京茶馆 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约215 难度:★★★☆☆ [2023浙江嘉兴教学测试]Tea drinking has been a traditinal custm amng native Beijingers. Teahuses frmed in the Tang Dynasty, tk ff in the Sng Dynasty and were recrded in Yuan drama ▶1________(write) in the Yuan Dynasty. As sciety develped,private teahuses, tea bars and teahuses with diverse features ▶2 (create). Teahuses ften served as centers f scial interactin where peple came t discuss persnal affairs r even ▶3 (plitics) issues. There are different types f teahuses including Pure Teahuses, Teahuses fr Strytelling, Chess Teuses,etc. In Pure Teahuses, peple d nthing but drink tea, mst f 4 are unccupied persns r the yung frm the rich family. Teahuses fr Strytelling, ▶5 (nrmal) in the afternn and night, are welcmed by peple with an interest in nvels, pingshu and strytelling. Chess Teahuses are ppular amng thse interested in playing chess.In the Qing Dynasty, there were als Chess Teahuses that served schlars and ▶6 (fficial) near Shichahai. The tea culture has regained its ppularity after a lng term f decline. In recent years teahuses with lcal characteristics ▶7 (appear) in Beijing with the perfrmance f Beijing Opera, r the cmbinatin f tea culture, flk custms 8 arts. Lashe Teahuse, fr example, is widely famus in and beynd China 9 a cultural symbl in Beijing, where a large number f tea fans gather, ▶10 (enjy) its rich tea culture.
【解析】 喝茶是北京当地人的传统习俗。随着社会的发展,多种类型的茶馆也随之出现。本文介绍了北京茶馆的历史、功能、类型和现状等。1.written 过去分词 茶馆形成于唐代,兴盛于宋代,并在元朝的元曲中有记载。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰Yuan drama,Yuan drama和动词write为逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词,故填written。2.were created 时态、语态和主谓一致 随着社会的发展,出现了私人茶室、茶吧和具有多种特色的茶馆。空处在句中作谓语,主语为三个并列的名词词组,表示复数意义,空处应用复数形式,且主语与动词create为被动关系,应用被动语态。根据空前的develped和下文中的served可知,空处叙述的是过去的事情,应用一般过去时。故填were created。3.plitical 形容词 茶馆通常作为社会交往的中心,人们来这里讨论个人事务甚至政治问题。空处修饰名词issues,应用形容词plitical,表示"政治的"。4.whm 定语从句 在清茶馆里,人们除了喝茶什么都不做,他们大多是闲人或富家子弟。分析句子可知,此处为"代词mst+f+关系代词"引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词为peple,故填whm。5.nrmally 副词 书茶馆通常在下午和晚上,受到喜欢小说、评书和说书的人的欢迎。空处应用副词作状语,修饰介词短语in the afternn and night,故填nrmally。6.fficials 名词复数 清朝什刹海附近还有棋茶馆,为学者和官员服务。and连接两个并列的名词作宾语,fficial"官员,要员"为可数名词,根据schlars可知,空处也用复数形式,故填fficials。7.have appeared 时态和主谓一致 空处在句中作谓语,根据时间状语In recent years和语境可知,空处可用现在完成时,主语teahuses为复数名词,空处用复数形式,故填have appeared。
8.and 并列连词 根据句意并分析句子结构可知,"tea culture""flk custms"和"arts"为并列成分,作介词f的宾语,故填并列连词and。9.as 介词 以老舍茶馆为例,它作为北京的一个文化象征而闻名中外,大量的茶迷聚集在这里,享受着丰富的茶文化。根据句意可知,此处应用介词as,表示"作为"。10.enjying 现在分词 空处为非谓语动词作伴随状语,动词enjy和tea fans为逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词,故填enjying。
Clze 3话题:采摘橙子 主题语境:人与自我 词数:约180 难度:★★★☆☆ [2023辽宁锦州质检]Last Sunday mrning, my classmates and I participated in an range-picking activity 1 a lcal farm. Well knwn fr its rganic farming, the farm ▶2 (lcate) at the ft f a hill 20 kilmeters frm ur city. It is hme t a ▶3 (vary) f fruit trees, whse branches were laden with lvely fruits. We gt there at 8: 30 am and began t wrk as sn as we arrived. We wre glves and carried baskets with us. Sme put ladders against the trees t pick glden ranges while thers were busy ▶4 (deliver) ranges and packing them int bxes. Bathed in the warm sunshine, we were talking and laughing ▶5 (happy) while wrking. At the break time, the farmer invited us ▶6 (taste) the lvely ranges we picked. They were the best fruits 7__________ we had ever eaten. At 11:30 pm we stpped wrking and ▶8 (head) back hme. We felt ▶9 (please) althugh all f us were tired when we gt hme. 10 prvided us with a precius pprtunity t get clse t nature and learn hw t harvest fruits. We als realized the value f labr.
【解析】 本文讲述的是作者和同学们参加当地农场采摘橙子的活动。1.n 介词 上周日上午,我和同学们在当地农场参加了摘橙子的活动。n a farm表示"在农场",为固定搭配。空处应用介词n。2.is lcated 时态、语态和主谓一致 这个农场以有机农业闻名,位于离我们城市20公里的山脚下。be lcated in为固定用法,表示"位于……",此处陈述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,且主语是单数,故填is lcated。3.variety 名词 它是各种果树的家园,它们的树枝上挂满了很好的果实。a variety f为固定短语,表示"各种各样的",故填variety。4.delivering 非谓语动词 be busy ding sth.为固定用法,意为"忙于做某事",故填delivering。5.happily 副词 空处作状语,修饰laughing,应用副词形式,故填happily。6.t taste 非谓语动词 invite sb. t d sth.为固定用法,意为"邀请某人做某事",故填t taste。7.that 定语从句 它们是我们吃过的最好的水果。空处引导的是定语从句,关系词在从句中作宾语,先行词fruits前有形容词最高级修饰,关系词只能用that。8.headed 时态 空处与stpped并列作谓语,此处陈述过去的事情,应用一般过去时,故填headed。9.pleased 形容词 当我们回到家时,虽然我们都很累,但我们感到很高兴。空处作表语,表示"快乐的,高兴的",故填pleased。10.It 代词 它为我们提供了一个接近自然、学习如何收获果实的宝贵机会。空处在句中作主语,指代的是"本次活动",应用人称代词it;同时该空置于句首,首字母大写。故填It。
Clze 4话题:草编传承人吴翠 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约225 难度:★★★☆☆ 传统文化[2023山东聊城模考]Mst peple wuld prbably just see wheat straw as a pile f waste in a farmer's field. Hwever, Wu Cui, an intangible cultural inheritr, can turn the straw left ver frm harvested wheat 1 beautiful and eye-catching functinal artwrks. The mst cmmn materials, nce ▶2__________(prcess) by the hands f craftsmen, can be magically transfrmed. The technique f straw plaiting(编织), 3 methd f manufacturing daily items r artwrks by braiding(把……编成辫状带子) straw, ▶4 (list) as a natinal intangible cultural heritage in 2008. It enjys a lng histry in China and has played a significant rle in the daily lives f cmmn peple. ▶5 (intense) interested in the technique, Wu made the straw-plaiting her jb and started frm scratch(从零开始) after graduating frm university tw years ag. Nw, she is wrking at a cmpany in Beijing that fcuses n the ▶6 (prmte) f traditinal crafts. Accrding t Wu, instead f the actual weaving, the selectin f materials is the first step 7 can take a lng time t cmplete. Next cme sketching the piece n paper, imagining its 3D structure, weaving, shaping 8 finally the preserving f the wrk. The ▶9 (hard) part is t make the wrks lifelike and slid. When asked abut her plans, Wu says she desires ▶10 (dig) deeper int lcal traditinal culture and create cultural creative prducts by fully using the straw plaiting technique.
【解析】 本文介绍了非物质文化遗产传承人吴翠用麦秆编织艺术品。1.int 介词 而非物质文化遗产传承人吴翠,却能将收割后剩下的麦秆变成美观、引人注目的实用的艺术品。turn sth. int sth.为固定搭配,意为"把某物变成某物"。故填int。2.prcessed 状语从句的省略 最普通的材料,一旦经过工匠的手进行加工,就能神奇地变形。此处为状语从句的省略,该条件状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同,且从句含有be动词,从句省略了主语和be动词,该从句的完整表达为nce the mst cmmn materials are prcessed by the hands f craftsmen,因此空处应用过去分词形式。故填prcessed。3.a 冠词 methd"方法"为可数名词,此处表示"一种方法",应用不定冠词表示泛指,且methd的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。4.was listed 时态、语态和主谓一致 空处在句中作谓语,根据时间状语in 2008可知,此处应用一般过去时,主语The technique f straw plaiting为单数,与动词list之间为被动关系,应用被动语态,故填was listed。5.Intensely 副词 空处应用副词作状语,修饰形容词interested,故填Intensely。6.prmtin 名词 根据空前的the和空后的f可知,空处应用名词作宾语。prmtin"推广,促进"为不可数名词。故填prmtin。7.that 定语从句 空处引导定语从句,并在从句中作主语,先行词是step,指物,其前有序数词first修饰,关系代词只能用that。8.and 并列连词 根据空前的Next和空后的finally可知,空前与空后的内容为顺承关系,故填并列连词and。9.hardest 形容词最高级 最难的部分是使作品逼真和结实。根据空前的The和语境可知,此处应用形容
词最高级形式修饰名词part,故填hardest。10.t dig 非谓语动词 desire t d sth.为固定用法,意为"渴望做某事",故填t dig。
题组2 Clze 1话题:科技改变老年人的生活 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约175 难度:★★★☆☆ [2023辽宁教研联盟一调]Elderly peple like t use technlgy t entertain themselves and keep in tuch with friends. They dn't want t rely n anyne. Instead, they just hpe t remain ▶1 (dependent). Plenty f time ▶2 (spend) in finding ut new things r writing dwn their experiences every day. Many scial media sites ▶3 (develp) fr the yunger generatin are nw being enjyed by the elderly, t. "Our granddaughter helped me set up 4 scial media prfile," ne explained. "I sn fund lts f peple t chat 5 and sme invited me t jin their nline puzzle(益智游戏) grups. 6__________ keeps my brain active t cmmunicate with peple nline." And fr elderly peple wh may be unable t leave their hmes withut ▶7 (assist), cmmunicatin with the utside wrld is essential, t prevent lneliness and t allw them t call fr help in many ▶8 (emergency). In Singapre, the elderly are even turning t rbts t keep them in shape ▶9 (physical). These rbts nt nly lead daily wrkuts, 10 can prvide senir citizens with feedback n their perfrmance, as well as sending phts via(通过) scial media.
【解析】 许多为年轻一代开发的社交媒体网站现在也受到老年人的喜爱。有的老年人甚至使用机器人来保持身体健康。科技也在逐渐改变老年人的生活。1.independent 形容词 他们不想依靠任何人。相反,他们只是希望保持独立。空处应用形容词作表语,此处指保持独立,故填independent。【拓展】常见的加否定前缀in-的单词还有:incrrect不正确的,inaccurate不准确的,incapable没有能力,inequality不平等,incnvenient不方便的。2.is spent 时态、语态和主谓一致 每天有大量的时间被花在寻找新事物或写下他们的经历上。空处在句中作谓语,根据时间状语every day可知,空处应用一般现在时;主语time和动词spend之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;主语time是不可数名词,空处应用单数形式。故填is spent。3.develped 过去分词 许多为年轻一代开发的社交媒体网站现在也受到老年人的喜爱。空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,动词develp和sites之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词,故填develped。4.a 不定冠词 prfile是可数名词,此处表示"一个社交媒体个人资料",表示泛指,应用不定冠词,且scial的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。5.with 介词 此处是动词不定式结构作后置定语,主动形式表示被动意义。chat with sb.是固定搭配,表示"和某人聊天"。故填with。6.It 代词 空处是形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式t cmmunicate with peple nline,空处应用人称代词it,且位于句首,首字母应大写。故填It。7.assistance 名词 对于那些可能无法在没有帮助的情况下离开家的老年人来说,与外界的交流是必不可少的,以防止孤独,并使他们能够在许多紧急情况下寻求帮助。空处应用名词assistance"帮助,援助"作介
词withut的宾语,且assistance是不可数名词。故填assistance。8.emergencies 名词复数 参见上题解析。emergency"突发事件,紧急情况"可作可数名词,根据空前的many可知,此处应用复数形式,故填emergencies。9.physically 副词 在新加坡,老年人甚至求助于机器人来保持他们的身体健康。空处修饰固定短语in shape,应用副词形式,故填physically。10.but 并列连词 这些机器人不仅可以引导老年人进行日常锻炼,还可以给老年人提供他们表现的反馈,并通过社交媒体发送照片。"nt (als)..."为固定结构,表示"不但……而且……",故填but。
Clze 2话题:The Financial Diet平台 主题语境:人与自我 词数:约195 难度:★★★☆☆ 创新类型[2023云南昆明"三诊一模"质检]As a freshman in cllege, Chelsea Fagan gt her first credit card. Withut really ▶1 (understand) hw the credit system wrks, she maxed ut her credit card and ▶2 (thrw) ut the card withut paying the bill. She ruined her credit. T prevent credit ruin frm happening again, Fagan started a persnal blg ▶3 (track) her budget. The blg has turned int The Financial Diet, 4 is nw a platfrm abut "persnal finance and living better" and aims t pen the cnversatin abut mney, share advice 5 educate yung adults. Nw Fagan runs The Financial Diet with graphic designer Lauren Ver Hage. Their team ▶6 (make) up f anther five wmen and multiple guest cntributrs. Anyne wh has smething t share abut anything related 7 mney can submit a blg pst and it ends up being published. This allws fr plenty f pinins, ▶8 (experience) and tips. Aside frm mney, the tpics include career tips, cllege finances, budgeting fr yur lifestyle and travel and hw t manage yur mney t live yur dream life. 9 first smart mney mve yu can make is t take advantage f this free and infrmative resurce. Ding s wn't cst yu any mney but can ▶10 (final) save yu sme.
【解析】 Chelsea Fagan第一次使用信用卡时,由于不了解信用系统的工作原理,导致个人信誉被毁。为防止此类事情发生,她开通个人博客,记录自己的预算。后来这个博客变成了"The Financial Diet",在这个平台上大家可以开始关于金钱的对话、分享建议和教育年轻人。1.understanding 动名词 空前有介词Withut,介词后如果接动词需要使用动名词形式,故填understanding。2.threw 动词的时态和语态 根据空前的并列连词and可知,空处的时态应与空前并列谓语的时态保持一致,故应用一般过去时,空处与主语she是主动关系,故填threw。3.t track 动词不定式 根据语境可知,Fagan开通个人博客是为了记录自己的预算,此处应用动词不定式短语作目的状语,故填t track。4.which 非限制性定语从句 分析句子结构可知,此处考查非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词是The Financial Diet,表示物,故填which。5.and 连词 分析句子结构可知,此处为pen the cnversatin abut mney、share advice和educate yung adults这三个动词短语的并列,中间缺少连词,故填and。6.is made 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致 分析句子结构可知,空处是谓语部分。根据本段开头的Nw可知,此处描述的是目前的情况,故时态应用一般现在时;主语Their team 和空处是被动关系,空处需使用被动语态;主语是Their team,表第三人称单数概念,故空处应用单数形式。由此可知,空处填is made。7.t 介词 此处考查固定短语related t"与……有关",故填t。8.experiences 名词 experience"(一次)经历,体验"为可数名词。根据空后的and可知,空处与pinins和
tips为并列关系,故应用名词的复数形式。故填experiences。9.The 定冠词 first是序数词;mve是名词,在此处意为"行动"。故此处需要加定冠词,空处位于句首,首字母需大写,故填The。10.finally 副词 修饰动词需用副词,save是动词,在此处意为"节省",故填finally。
Clze 3话题:"敦煌的女儿"樊锦诗 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约170 难度:★★★☆☆ Fan Jinshi, the hnrary president f the Dunhuang Academy, is mre widely knwn as the "Daughter f Dunhuang". She has spent mre than fur decades ▶1 (study) the preservatin f the Mga Caves.The Mga Caves ▶2 (build) frm the 4th century t the 14th century, and they cnsist f at least 490 caves 3 are carved int the cliffs(悬崖) abve the Dunhuang River. Fr many reasns, the caves ▶4 (becme) increasingly vulnerable(脆弱的) in the past years. Fan, tgether with ther schlars, has made several breakthrughs in cave preservatin technlgies such as 5 reductin f sandstrms' impact n the Mga Caves. Fan als wrks hard ▶6 (prmte) cperatin between the Dunhuang Academy and verseas archaelgical institutins. Thanks t her effrts, the surrunding envirnment has imprved ▶7 (significant). 8 Fan's leadership, the Dunhuang Academy has grwn int the wrld's largest institutin fr Dunhuang studies, making many ▶9 (achieve) in digitisatin, 3D scanning and virtual reality representatin f the Dunhuang relics(遗迹). "The lnger I've stayed here, the ▶10 (deep) my lve has grwn fr Dunhuang," Fan said.
【解析】 本文介绍了"敦煌的女儿"樊锦诗为保护敦煌莫高窟作出的贡献。1.studying 非谓语动词 spend sme time (in)ding sth."花费时间做某事"是固定用法,故填studying。2.were built 时态、语态和主谓一致 根据时间状语"frm the 4th century t the 14th century"可知空处用一般过去时;build与主语The Mga Caves是被动关系,应用被动语态;结合后面指代The Mga Caves的they可知,主语表示复数意义,谓语动词应用复数。故填were built。3.that/which 定语从句 空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词是caves,关系词在从句中作主语,故填that/which。4.have becme 时态和主谓一致 根据时间状语"in the past years"可知,此处用现在完成时;主语是名词复数,谓语用复数形式。故填have becme。5.the 冠词 樊锦诗和其他学者一起,在石窟保护科技方面取得了一些突破,比如降低沙尘暴对莫高窟的影响。根据空后的"f sandstrms' impact n the Mga Caves"可知,此处的reductin是特指,故填定冠词the。6.t prmte 非谓语动词 樊锦诗还努力推动敦煌研究院和海外考古机构之间的合作。此处是非谓语动词作目的状语,故用不定式短语。 7.significantly 副词 多亏了她的努力,周围的环境有了显著的改善。空处修饰谓语动词,应用副词形式。significantly"有重大意义地,显著地,明显地"。
【名师点津】 有时候,主语是表示单数含义还是复数含义并不是很直观,此时可以借助上下文中出现的相关代词来进行判断。比如本题就是通过后面的they来判断谓语用复数形式的。
8.Under 介词 under sb.'s leadership"在某人的领导下",是固定搭配。9.achievements 名词 根据空前的many可知,本空要填名词的复数形式,故填achievements。10.deeper 比较级 樊锦诗说:"我在这里待得越久,对敦煌的爱就越深。"本句是"the+比较级+其他,the+比较级+其他"句型,表示"越……就越……"。空处作表语,故填deeper。
【易错点拨】 审题不清——部分考生以为句中的grwn是实义动词,从而误填deeply或mre deeply。
【知识拓展】 其他同类短语还有:under sb.'s guidance/directin"在某人的指导下";under sb.'s cntrl"在某人的控制/管理下";under sb.'s cmmand"在某人的指挥/控制下";under sb.'s nse"就在某人面前(却看不见),当着某人的面"等。
【二次精读】 背景知识:"舍半生,给茫茫大漠。从未名湖到莫高窟,守住前辈的火,开辟明天的路。半个世纪的风沙,不是谁都经得起吹打。一腔爱,一洞画,一场文化苦旅,从青春到白发。心归处,是敦煌。"这是中央广播电视总台《感动中国》栏目写给樊锦诗的颁奖词。樊锦诗生于1938年,现任敦煌研究院名誉院长,为敦煌莫高窟的保护、研究、弘扬事业奉献了一生的心血和精力,极大地提高了敦煌石窟科学保护和管理的现代化水平,被誉为"敦煌的女儿"。词汇积累:preservatin n.保护;维持 cnsist f=be made up f由……组成 carve v.刻;雕刻 breakthrugh n.重大进展,突破 adj.突破性的 cperatin n.合作 leadership n.领导,领导地位;领导才能 digitisatin n.数字化
Clze 4话题:英国生态学家在中国拯救鸟类 主题语境:人与自然 词数:约215 难度:★★★☆☆ 环境保护[2023湖北八市联考]Terry Twnshend is an eclgist frm the UK. In late Octber, he climbed t the rf f a building t check ut a hand-sized recrding device ▶1 (lay) there t catch the sunds f migratry birds(候鸟) at Beijing's Olympic Park. Every tw weeks, he came here t cllect data and share it 2 universities' research centres fr this year's bird tracking study. As a birdwatcher 3 has lived in Beijing fr ver a decade, Twnshend funded a website 4_________ frmed a grup fr fellw enthusiasts. He wrks t raise envirnmental ▶5 (aware) amng peple t help save sme f China's mst endangered birds, initiating(发起) prjects t track sme f Beijing's celebrated birds. Thugh bserving the migratry birds in Beijing ▶6 (be) ne f Twnshend's main activities nw, his bnd with China was established twelve years ag. At that time, the nn-gvernmental rganizatin Twnshend nce wrked with was invited by the Chinese gvernment ▶7 (cperate) in bsting supprt fr China's general envirnmental laws n climate change. As the prject leader, Twnshend came t China fr the first time. After getting t knw the cuntry, he decided t stay here fr ▶8 (far) research. "China ▶9 (value) the recvery f nature in past decades. With the effrts t carry ut varius targeted prtectins tward nature, 10 future lks bright fr China's bidiversity," Twnshend said.
【解析】 来自英国的生态学家Terry Twnshend在北京观察候鸟,他致力于提高人们的环保意识,帮助拯救中国一些最濒危的鸟类,同时发起了追踪北京一些著名鸟类的项目。1.laid 非谓语动词 10月底,他爬上一座建筑物的屋顶,查看放置在那里的一个手掌大小的录制设备,该设备用来捕捉在北京奥林匹克公园的候鸟的声音。空处为非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰recrding device,动词lay与recrding device之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词,故填laid。2.with 介词 每隔两周,他都会来这里收集数据,并与大学的研究中心分享,用于今年的鸟类追踪研究。share sth.with sb.为固定搭配,意为"和某人分享某物"。故填with。3.wh/that 定语从句 作为一名在北京生活了十多年的观鸟者,Twnshend创建了一个网站,并为观鸟爱好者建立了一个小组。空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词birdwatcher,先行词指人,关系代词在从句中作主语,故填wh/that。4.and 并列连词 参见上题解析。funded和frmed为并列谓语,空处应用并列连词and。
【知识拓展】 lie(躺),lie(撒谎),lay(放置)的过去式、过去分词、现在分词如下:lie—lay—lain—lying躺;位于→不规则变形lie—lied—lied—lying撒谎→规则变形lay—laid—laid—laying放置;铺放;下蛋口诀:规则的撒谎,不规则的躺,躺"过"是下蛋,下蛋不规则。
5.awareness 名词 他致力于提高人们的环保意识,帮助拯救中国一些最濒危的鸟类,同时发起了追踪北京一些著名鸟类的项目。此处表示"提高环保意识",空处作宾语,其前有形容词修饰,应用名词,故填awareness。6.is 时态和主谓一致 虽然在北京观察候鸟是Twnshend现在的主要活动之一,但他与中国的联系是在12年前建立起来的。空处在让步状语从句中作谓语,根据从句的时间状语nw可知,从句描述的是现在的情况,应用一般现在时;主语是动名词短语,谓语动词应用单数形式。故填is。7.t cperate 非谓语动词 根据语境,空处作目的状语,应用动词不定式,故填t cperate。8.further 形容词比较级 在了解了这个国家之后,他决定留在这里作进一步研究。根据语境,此处表示"进一步研究",空处应用形容词比较级作定语,故填further。9.has valued/has been valuing 时态和主谓一致 空处在句中作谓语,根据时间状语in past decades可知,空处可用现在完成时,表示动作从过去延续到现在并有可能延续下去,也可用现在完成进行时,表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作,可能刚刚停止,也可能还在继续进行。主语为China,空处应用第三人称单数形式。故填has valued/has been valuing。10.the 冠词 此处表示"中国生物多样性的前景看起来一片光明",空处表示特指,应用定冠词。故填the。
过能力 关键能力强化提升题组1Clze 1话题:算法对网购的影响 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约215 难度:★★★★☆ Fr many f us, nline shpping has made purchasing gds a far ▶1 (simple) prcess. We n lnger have t head t shps t lk thrugh varius bjects, ▶2 (wander) rund endless shelves befre finally deciding the thing we will buy. These days, we find the item we want nline, click n it, and check a full ▶3 (describe) f it. If it fits the bill, we will add it t ur shpping basket and pay. There ▶4 (exist) many a chice at ur fingertips, readily available fr us t chse frm. 5__________ hw d we knw the ptins appearing befre us are really the best deals, and hw might algrithms(算法) help r hld us back? Algrithms, put simply, refer t mathematical instructins that tell a cmputer hw t find answers 6__________ prblems. By analyzing the things we bught r lked ▶7 (previus), algrithms can predict what gds we're mst likely t be attracted by. T be hnest, fr sme peple, 8 idea f guessing their preferences culd sund a bit wrrying. But first, let's lk at the psitives. Ordering a cmputer ▶9 (shw) us what we are interested in can save us a lt f time and help us get a gd deal. Therefre, 10 yu're shpping nline r in physical stres, there are the prs and cns f it.
【解析】 网上购物既方便又快捷,但在大数据时代,算法对网购究竟有何影响?让我们一起来了解吧!1.simpler 形容词比较级 对于我们中的许多人来说,网上购物使购买商品变成一个更加简单的过程。根据句意及空前的far可知,此处应用比较级,故填simpler。2.wandering 非谓语动词 我们再也不必去商店浏览各种各样的物品,在无数的货架旁徘徊,最终决定自己要买的东西。句中已有谓语have t head,此处应用非谓语动词形式;主语We和wander之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词短语作状语,故填wandering。3.descriptin 名词 如今,我们在网上找到我们想要的东西,点击它,查看其详尽的描述。空处应用名词,故填descriptin"描述"。4.exists 时态和主谓一致 此处是there be句型的变形结构,谓语动词的数应与后面的名词的数保持一致;"many a+名词"作主语时,谓语动词用单数;此处陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时。故填exists。
【知识拓展】 谓语动词用单数的情况小结:①表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如:A mere tw miles isn't far t walk.仅仅两英里走着不远。②and连接的两个单数名词作主语,若前面有each, every, n等修饰,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:Each animal and each tree is well tended in the park.公园里的每一个动物、每一棵树都得到了很好的照管。
5.But 连词 但是,我们如何知道出现在我们面前的选择真的是最好的交易以及算法如何帮助或阻碍我们呢?上下文之间存在转折关系,故填But。注意:空处位于句首,首字母要大写。6.t 介词 简单地说,算法是指告诉计算机如何找到解决问题的方法的数学指令。answer t sth."……的方法"是固定搭配,故填t。7.previusly 副词 通过分析我们以前买过或看过的东西,算法可以预测我们最有可能被哪些商品吸引。空处修饰动词bught和lked,应用副词。故填previusly"以前"。8.the 冠词 老实说,对一些人来说,猜测他们的偏好这种想法听起来有点令人担忧。此处特指guessing their preferences这种想法,故填定冠词the。9.t shw 非谓语动词 命令计算机显示我们感兴趣的东西,不仅可以节省我们很多时间,而且可以帮助我们买得合算。rder sb. t d sth."命令某人做某事"是固定用法,故填t shw。 10.whether 状语从句 因此,无论在线上购物还是在实体店购物,都有利有弊。分析句子结构并根据句中的"shpping nline r in physical stres"可知,空处引导让步状语从句,故填whether。
③单数名词作主语,后面紧跟as well as, alng/tgether with, n less than, rather than, but/except, accmpanied by等时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:Jhn, tgether with his brther, has gne t the party.约翰和他兄弟去参加宴会了。④"many a + 名词""mre than ne + 单数名词"作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。但"mre than ne+单数名词"在there be结构中作主语时,谓语动词用单、复数皆可。例如:There is/are mre than ne pssible slutin.可能的解决办法不止一种。
Clze 2话题:中医 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约185 难度:★★★★☆ [2023东北三省三校联合模拟(一)]The Chinese began t accept Western medicine as early as the beginning f the 20th century, 1 Chinese medicine is still in dubt amng mst Western peple. T them, Chinese medicine, like ancient China, is mysterius and beynd ▶2 (believe). Mst f Chinese medicines, ▶3 (be)riginally natural herbs, are made thrugh having these materials simmered(慢慢地煮), rasted, r fried withut having specific standards. This is the main reasn fr 4 they're nt recgnized internatinally. Chinese medicines usually appear in 5 frm f pills, tablets and mst cmmnly herb teas. They are used 6 accunt f their pwer in aid f recvery and they tend t prduce lng-term effects. They might be ▶7 (slw) in curing the patient f disease, but they have less serius side effects even if ▶8 (take) frequently, fr each medicinal herb is prescribed(开处方) fr the benefit f the patient, causing n harm t the liver r the kidneys. It is bvius that n matter hw strange they may seem t Westerners, Chinese medicines ▶9__________(use) fr thusands f years and prve t be extremely effective. It's simply up t us ▶10__________(prmte) the precius heritage.
【解析】 早在20世纪初,中国人就开始接受西医,但大部分西方人仍然对中医持怀疑态度。他们认为中医很神秘,令人难以置信。本文介绍了中医的诸多好处及其有效性。推广中医这一珍贵遗产取决于我们自己。1.but/yet/while 并列连词 中国人早在20世纪初就开始接受西医,但大部分西方人仍然对中医持怀疑态度。根据语境可知,空处前后为转折或对比关系,应用并列连词but/yet/while。2.belief 名词 对他们来说,中医就像古代中国一样,是神秘而令人难以置信的。beynd belief为固定短语,表示"令人难以置信",故填belief。3.being 非谓语动词 句中已有谓语,空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰主语Mst f Chinese medicines,be与主语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词,故填being。4.which 定语从句 此处为"介词+关系代词"引导定语从句,先行词为reasn,关系代词应用which,fr which在从句中作原因状语,相当于关系副词why。故填which。5.the 冠词 中药通常以药丸、片剂和最常见的药草茶的形式出现。根据frm后的f结构可知,此处表示特指,应用定冠词the。6.n 介词 n accunt f为固定搭配,表示"由于,因为",故填介词n。7.slwer 形容词比较级 中药在治疗病人疾病方面速度可能较慢,但即使经常服用,它们的副作用也不那么严重,因为每种草药都是为了病人的利益而开处方的,不会对肝脏或肾脏造成伤害。根据语境可知,此处隐含着中药与西药在治疗病人疾病方面的对比,空处应用比较级形式,故填slwer。8.taken 状语从句的省略 参见上题解析。此处的完整表达为even if they are taken frequently。从句的
主语与主句的主语相同,且从句含有be动词are,因此从句的主语与be动词are可以省略,空处应填taken。9.have been used 时态、语态和主谓一致 很明显,不管在西方人看来有多奇怪,中药已经使用了几千年,而且最终被证明是非常有效的。空处在句中作谓语,根据时间状语fr thusands f years和语境可知,空处应用现在完成时。主语Chinese medicines为复数形式,空处也用复数形式,且主语与动词use为被动关系,应用被动语态。故填have been used。10.t prmte 非谓语动词 推广这一宝贵的遗产完全取决于我们。此处为"It's up t sb. t d sth."固定句型,It在句中作形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式,故填t prmte。
Clze 3话题:南汉村的发展 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约230 难度:★★★★☆ [2023山东济南3月模考]When yu set ft in Nanhan village, Hebei Prvince, yu will be amazed at what yu see. An ancient stne gate first greets yur eyes 1 the entrance t the village. As yu explre it ▶2 (far), rws f ancient buildings and carved drways spring int view. Nanhan has a lng histry f prducing 3 have been widely recgnized as fine crafts (工艺品) at hme and abrad. Althugh there has been back-and-frth in the village develpment, the villagers' craftsmanship has managed t survive the test f time and get ▶4 (carry) frward. With the supprt f lcal authrities, the traditinal crafts business has expanded ver the years and increased the lcals' incme. They have cme t believe that pssessing a handicraft skill can enable them ▶5 (make) a living. Liu Juncha, the yungest craftsman in the village, ▶6 (start) t learn abut craftsmanship at a wrkshp in the village after graduatin frm high schl. He is nw preparing t build a public cultural and creative educatin center t prvide free ▶7 (train) fr yung peple wh are interested in learning handicrafts, and will als use shrt-vide platfrms t release free teaching ▶8 (vide). The village has stepped up supprt fr lcal craftsmen and carried ut educatin fr villagers, s mre peple can cmmit ▶9 (they) t taking up lcal craftsmanship. The idea is t carve ut 10________ new rad f beautiful cuntryside that is ideal fr living, wrking and traveling.
【解析】 本文介绍了以手工艺品而出名的河北南汉村的发展。1.at 介词 在村口,一扇古老的石门首先映入眼帘。在某个"小地点"时,可用介词at。at the entrance意为"在入口处"。故填at。2.further/farther 副词比较级 上文介绍的是村口的石门,下文介绍的是成排的古建筑和雕刻的门廊,此处承上启下,表示"当你再往前探索时",应用副词far的比较级形式,表示"更远,再往前",故填further/farther。3.what 宾语从句 南汉村有着生产在国内外被公认为精美工艺品的产品的悠久历史。空处引导宾语从句,作prducing的宾语,从句中缺少主语,表示"……的事物",应用连接代词what。4.carried 语态 虽然村庄的发展来回反复,但村民的手艺终于经受住了时间的考验,并得以保留。carry sth. frward"保留某物"为固定搭配,分析句子结构可知,此处要用其被动形式,即get carried frward。故填carried。5.t make 非谓语动词 enable sb. t d sth.为固定用法,意为"使某人能够做某事"。故填t make。6.started 时态 根据空后的after graduatin frm high schl可知,此处叙述的是过去的事情,应用一般过去时,故填started。7.training 名词 他目前正在准备建设一个公共文创教育中心,为有兴趣学习手工艺的年轻人提供免费培训,还将利用短视频平台发布免费教学视频。根据空前的形容词free可知,空处应用名词training,意为"培训,训练",为不可数名词。故填training。8.vides 名词复数 参见上题解析。vide为可数名词,其前无限定词,且教学视频不止一个,应用其复数形式,故填vides。
【拓展】以-结尾的名词变复数时，一般规律是:无生命的名词加-s，如radis，phts；有生命的名词加-es，如heres，ptates。部分以-结尾的名词有两种复数形式，既可加-s，又可加-es，如zers/zeres，vlcans/vlcanes，msquits/msquites等。9.themselves 反身代词 cmmit neself t ding sth.为固定搭配,意为"致力于做某事",且从句主语mre peple表示复数概念,应用反身代词的复数形式。故填themselves。10.a 冠词 此处表示"一条新道路",表示泛指,应用不定冠词,且new的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。
Clze 4话题:建造抗旱花园 主题语境:人与自然 词数:约205 难度:★★★★★ When garden designer Jane Gates mved t the Sussex cuntryside in 2015, she fell in lve with a traditinal black barn cnversin(改建的房屋), and set abut creating a drught-resistant garden arund it. 1 she didn't knw was just hw quickly her garden wuld becme relevant t tday's changing climate. Over the years, Gates ▶2 (experiment) with plants that suit this dry and ht place and made sme interesting ▶3 (discver). Surprisingly, sme plants, knwn fr lving water, have prved ▶4__________(adapt) t drught. Others have struggled. Hwever, many plants specifically ▶5____________(chse) fr drught tlerance have enjyed the heat. Gates' garden is a big gravel(砾石) ne. 6 ccasin she stands by the flr-t-ceiling windws and enjys the scene. Gravel ▶7 (use) as a layer(层) fr the plants t grw thrugh, jining the paths with the planting. The feeling is f a relaxing, natural-lking space, with the light clur f the gravel ▶8____________(cmpare) beautifully with the black f the barn. Gates recmmends gravel as a cver n the tp fr 9 reasn that it lcks water in the sil belw in summer, while keeping it away frm plants in winter, which can damage them. This helps sme plants d a bit ▶10 (well) in adapting t climate extremes.
【解析】 文章介绍了园艺设计师Jane Gates搬家到苏塞克斯郡的乡村后建造的适应气候变化的抗旱花园的相关内容。1.What 主语从句 她不知道的是她的花园会在多快的时间内适应如今不断变化的气候。分析句子结构可知,空处引导主语从句,且在从句中作宾语,表示"所……的",故填What。2.has experimented 时态 多年来,Gates尝试找出适合种植在这个炎热干旱的地区的植物并有了一些有趣的发现。根据句中的时间状语"Over the years"可知,此处应用现在完成时,故填has experimented。3.discveries 名词 根据空前的"sme interesting"和句意可知,此处应用名词复数,故填discveries。4.adaptable 形容词 令人惊讶的是,一些以喜水著称的植物被证明对干旱有适应能力。分析句子结构可知,此处考查"prve+adj."结构,故填adaptable。adaptable"能适应的﹐适应性强的"。5.chsen 非谓语动词 但是,许多专门挑选的耐旱植物很享受这种高温。句中已有谓语have enjyed,故此处为非谓语;chse与plants之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词作后置定语。故填chsen。6.On 介词 Gates有时站在落地窗旁欣赏景色。n ccasin是固定搭配,表示"有时,偶尔",故填On。7.is used 时态、语态和主谓一致 此处陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时;Gravel与use之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;主语Gravel为不可数名词,空处应用单数形式。故填is used。
【名师点津】 experiment在此用作动词,表示"尝试,试用"。例如:I experimented until I gt the recipe just right.我不断地尝试,直至找到正合适的烹饪法为止。
8.cmparing 非谓语动词 给人的感觉是一个放松、自然的空间,砾石的浅色与谷仓的黑色形成了很好的对比。此处为with复合结构,cmpare与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系,应用现在分词,故填cmparing。9.the 冠词 Gates建议将砾石覆盖在最上层,因为砾石在夏天可以将水分锁定在下面的土壤中,而在冬天,它会使能让植物腐烂的水分远离植物。fr the reasn that"因为……,由于……"是固定用法,故填定冠词the。10.better 副词比较级 根据语境及句中的比较级修饰词"a bit"可知,此处应用比较级,故填better。
题组2Clze 1话题:女书 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约175 难度:★★★★☆ [2023河北唐山一模]Lcally ▶1 (knw) as "msquit writing", Nvshu lks like dancing Chinese characters at first glance. On ▶2 (clse) inspectin, hwever, it is unreadable t readers f Mandarin(普通话). Nvshu was used by wmen wh lacked access 3 educatin in reading and writing. It enabled them t express themselves freely. It was taught mainly by mthers, 4 daughters then practised amng themselves and friends. Surprisingly, fr hundreds f years, Nvshu remained unknwn utside f Jiangyng. It wasn't until the 1980s 5 Nvshu was learned f by the utside wrld. There are nly a few remains f Nvshu texts, as mst were traditinally buried r burned. ▶6 (lucky), after years f research, ver 95% f all ▶7__________(exist) riginal dcuments written in Nvshu have been cllected and translated. Nw, this little-knwn written language ▶8 (experience) smething f a rebirth. Lcal gvernments are inviting Nvshu specialists t prepare easy-t-understand manuals(手册) ▶9__________(prmte) Nvshu culture as well as stress the need fr its preservatin. Nvshu represents a typical Chinese traditinal female culture and remains an empwering means t appreciate wmen's beauty and ▶10 (strng).
【解析】 本文介绍了女书的相关信息。1.knwn 过去分词 在当地被称为"长脚蚊字"的女书,乍一看就像在跳舞的汉字。句中已有谓语动词,空处应用非谓语动词。be knwn as"被称为……"是固定短语,空处应用过去分词knwn作状语。2.clser 形容词比较级 然而,经更仔细的观察,对普通话读者来说,女书是难以辨认的。此处呼应上文中的"at first glance",表示"经更仔细的观察",空处应用形容词比较级作定语,故填clser。3.t 介词 access t sth."使用或接触某物的机会或权利"为固定搭配,故填t。4.whse 定语从句 女书主要由母亲来教,她们的女儿随后在自己和朋友之间练习。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为mthers,关系代词在从句中作定语,故填whse。5.that 强调句型 直到20世纪80年代,女书才被外界所知。此处为强调句型,被强调部分为时间状语,故填that。6.Luckily 副词 幸运的是,经过多年的研究,所有现存的用女书书写的原始文件中,95%以上都已被收集和翻译。空处应用副词作状语,修饰整个句子,且置于句首,首字母要大写,故填Luckily。7.existing 形容词 参见上题解析。此处用形容词existing作定语,修饰名词dcuments,表示"现存的,现行的"。故填existing。8.is experiencing 时态和主谓一致 现在,这种鲜为人知的书面语言正在经历某种重生。根据时间状语Nw和下文中的"Lcal gvernments are inviting Nvshu specialists"可知,空处应用现在进行时,表示正在进行的动作,且主语为第三人称单数形式,空处也用单数形式,故填is experiencing。9.t prmte 非谓语动词 当地政府正在邀请女书专家编写通俗易懂的手册,以推广女书文化,并强调对
其保护的必要性。根据语境,此处应用动词不定式作目的状语,故填t prmte。10.strength 名词 女书代表了典型的中国传统女性文化,仍然是欣赏女性美丽和力量的有力手段。空处与beauty并列作宾语,应用名词strength"力量",是不可数名词。故填strength。
Clze 2话题:"玉兔二号"探月 主题语境:人与自然 词数:约220 难度:★★★★☆ [2023广东江门模考]It is familiar t us Chinese that the year f 2023 is the Year f the Rabbit, 1__________reminds us f the "rabbit" n the mn, China's Yutu-2 lunar rver(月球车). The Yutu-2 is named 2 the pet rabbit f the Chinese mn gddess Chang'e. On January 3, 2019, the rver was brught t the far side f the mn by China's Chang'e-4 lunar prbe(空间探测器). It was the first-ever sft landing n the ▶3 (previus) uncharted area f the lunar surface. The Chang'e-4 lunar prbe cnsists f a lander and the Yutu-2 rver. Befre its launch, a relay satellite ▶4__________(send) int space in May 2018 t facilitate earth-mn cmmunicatin. S far, the rver has cllected ▶5 (value) data n slar wind, sil, gel-like rcks and dead vlcanes. The data and images sent back by the Yutu-2 have enhanced gegraphy knwledge f the landing site, ▶6 (deepen) understanding f the frmatin and evlutin f the mn. Of the many pictures f the lunar landscape ▶7 (take) by the Yutu-2, ne square bject caused great debate amng peple n Earth. When the rver finally apprached the bject, it turned ut t be 8__________rabbit-shaped rck. What an interesting cincidence! The Yutu-2 ▶9 (travel) mre than 1, 400 meters n the far side f the mn till nw. It will cntinue t uncver mre ▶10 (mystery) f the mn.
【解析】 本文介绍了中国的"玉兔二号"月球车的探月过程及其产生的深远意义。1.which 定语从句 我们中国人都很熟悉2023年是兔年,这让我们想起了月球上的"兔子"——中国的"玉兔二号"月球车。空处引导非限制性定语从句,关系词指代先行词the Year f the Rabbit,并在从句中作主语,故填which。2.after/fr 介词 "玉兔二号"以中国月亮女神嫦娥的宠物兔子命名。be named after/fr是固定搭配,表示"以……的名字命名",故填after/fr。3.previusly 副词 这是第一次软着陆在月球表面的先前未知的区域。空处修饰形容词uncharted,应用副词作状语,故填previusly。4.was sent 时态、语态和主谓一致 在它发射之前,2018年5月,一颗中继卫星被送入太空,可使地月通信更便利。空处在句中作谓语,根据时间状语in May 2018可知,空处应用一般过去时,动词send与a relay satellite是被动关系,应用被动语态,且主语是第三人称单数形式,空处也用单数形式。故填was sent。5.valuable 形容词 到目前为止,该探月车已经收集了关于太阳风、土壤、凝胶状岩石和死火山的宝贵数据。空处修饰名词data,应用形容词valuable"宝贵的"作定语。故填valuable。6.deepening 非谓语动词 "玉兔二号"传回的数据和图像增强了对着陆点的地理认识,加深了对月球形成和演变的理解。空处应用非谓语动词作结果状语,根据语境,此处表示一种自然而然的结果,应用现在分词。故填deepening。7.taken 非谓语动词 在"玉兔二号"拍摄的众多月球景观照片中,有一张方形物体在地球上引起了人们的极大讨论。空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰pictures,动词take与pictures是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词。故填taken。
8.a 冠词 当探月车最终接近该物体时,发现它是一块兔子形状的岩石。此处泛指"一块兔子形状的岩石",应用不定冠词,且rabbit-shaped的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。9.has travelled/traveled 时态和主谓一致 到目前为止,"玉兔二号"已经在月球背面行进了1 400多米。根据时间状语till nw可知,此处应用现在完成时,且主语为第三人称单数,空处也用单数形式,故填has travelled/traveled。10.mysteries 名词复数 它将继续揭开月球的更多奥秘。mystery"奥秘"是可数名词,前面有mre,此处应用名词复数形式。故填mysteries。
Clze 3话题:打树花 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约215 难度:★★★★☆ [2023广东深圳二调]Every year during the Spring Festival, a small twn f Hebei Prvince puts n a special shw. It's abut -15℃, and a man dressed in a straw hat and sheepskin cat ▶1 (thrw) spn after spn f heavy mlten irn(铁水) at a massive, icy wall. The cllisin(碰撞) between the 1,600℃ liquid metal and the frzen brick creates a waterfall f sparks ▶2 (fall) ver him, equally beautiful and dangerus. This is a perfrmance 3 requires extrardinary curage, skill and strength. Knwn as Da Shuhua, it has a histry f 500 years in Nuanquan, a highly-develped steel twn. Da Shuhua translates literally int "beating dwn the tree flwers", 4 agricultural activity f hitting fruit trees t stimulate grwth. In ancient times, firewrks weren't always ▶5 (wide) affrdable. S peple in Nuanquan made use f scrap(废旧) irn and develped Da Shuhua as a way ▶6 (celebrate) festivals. As a result, they brught firewrk displays 7 a whle new level. Tday, Da Shuhua has becme mre ppular than ever, due t ▶8 (ban) n firewrks t reduce air pllutin in sme parts f China. Every year, this unique firewrk display attracts tns f peple in spite f the freezing cld weather 9 draws attentin fr its prtectin. Since 2021, it ▶10 (list) as an intangible cultural heritage f China.
【解析】 本文介绍了每年春节河北的暖泉镇都会表演一个节目——打树花。1.thrws/is thrwing 时态和主谓一致 空处在句中作谓语,根据上文中的"puts n""It's"和下文中的"creates"可知,空处可用一般现在时;根据语境,空处也可用现在进行时,表示正在进行的动作。主语a man为第三人称单数,空处也用单数形式。故填thrws/is thrwing。2.falling 非谓语动词 1 600℃的液态金属和冰冻的砖块之间的碰撞产生了火花瀑布,落在他身上,既美丽又危险。空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰a waterfall f sparks,动词fall与a waterfall f sparks为逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词,故填falling。3.that/which 定语从句 空处引导定语从句,并在从句中作主语,先行词为perfrmance,故填that/which。4.an 冠词 打树花的字面意思是"打下树上的花",这是一种通过击打果树来刺激果树生长的农业活动。此处表示"一种农业活动",空处表示泛指,应用不定冠词,且agricultural的发音以元音音素开头,故填an。5.widely 副词 在古代,烟花并不总是普遍负担得起的。空处修饰形容词affrdable,应用副词。副词widely"普遍地,广泛地"符合语境。故填widely。6.t celebrate 非谓语动词 因此,暖泉的人们利用废铁,发展打树花作为庆祝节日的一种方式。空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰way。根据语境,空处应用动词不定式作定语,说明way的内容,故填t celebrate。7.t 介词 结果,他们把烟花表演带到了一个全新的水平。为固定搭配,表示"把……带到……"。故填t。8.bans 名词复数 ban"禁令,禁止"为可数名词,空前无限定词,且根据语境,此处表示复数意义,应用复数形式。故填bans。
9.and 并列连词 空处与attracts并列作谓语,应用并列连词and。10.has been listed 时态、语态和主谓一致 空处在句中作谓语,根据时间状语Since 2021可知,空处应用现在完成时;主语为it,空处应用单数形式;主语it与动词list之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。故填has been listed。
Clze 4话题:训练机器人发出笑声 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约220 难度:★★★★★ 科技前沿[2023山东日照模考]A rbt has been taught t laugh at jkes t make it mre human. Researchers are using AI t train rbts abut apprpriate laughter, and ▶1 (distinguish) between chuckles and screams. They described ▶2 (wrk) with a rbt called Erica in the hpe f making a cnversatin mre natural. "We think that ne f the imprtant ▶3 (functin) f cnversatinal AI is sympathy," said Dr Kji Inue, a prfessr. "A cnversatin is, f curse, multimdal(多种方式的), nt just respnding crrectly. S we decided that ne way a rbt can empathize(共情) with users is t share their laughter, 4 yu cannt d with a text-based chatbt." Creating a "▶5 (share) laughter" mdel, the researchers used AI t help detect laughter and decide whether t laugh and what kind f laughter wuld be ▶6 (gd). Fur shrt dialgues between real peple and Erica ▶7 (use) t test the system, which perfrmed well. Hwever, the experts said there is mre wrk t d t create ▶8 (true) natural laughter situatins. Dr Inue said, "The rbt shuld actually have 9 distinct character, and it can shw this character thrugh its cnversatinal behavirs, such as laughing, gazes, gestures and speaking styles. It may well take mre than 10 t 20 years befre we can finally have a casual chat 10 a rbt like we wuld with a friend."
【解析】 本文主要介绍了研究人员正在使用人工智能来训练机器人发出恰当的笑声。1.t distinguish 非谓语动词 研究人员正在使用人工智能来训练机器人发出恰当的笑声,并区分低声轻笑和尖叫。use sth. t d sth.为固定用法,表示"用某物做某事"。并列连词and连接两个并列的动词不定式,根据空前的t train可知,空处应填t distinguish。2.wrking 非谓语动词 他们叙述了与一个名为Erica的机器人一起工作的情形,希望能让对话更自然。describe ding sth.为固定用法,表示"叙述做某事",故填wrking。3.functins 名词的数 functin"功能,作用",可作可数名词,根据空前的ne f可知,此处应用名词的复数形式。故填functins。4.which 定语从句 空处引导非限制性定语从句,并在从句中作d的宾语,关系代词指代laughter,故填which。5.shared 非谓语动词 研究人员创建了一个"共享笑声"模型,利用人工智能来帮助发现笑,并决定是否笑,以及什么样的笑会更好。空处应用非谓语动词作前置定语,修饰laughter,动词share与名词laughter之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词,故填shared。
6.better 形容词比较级 参见上题解析。此处表示"更好的",应用形容词比较级形式,故填better。7.were used 时态、语态和主谓一致 研究人员用真人和Erica之间的四段简短对话来测试该系统,该系统表现良好。根据空前的"used"和空后的"perfrmed"可知,此处也应用一般过去时。主语Fur shrt dialgues为复数,且与动词use之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。故填were used。
【知识拓展】 常考的由动词转化而来的形容词小结advanced先进的aged年迈的 delighted快乐的depressed抑郁的devted忠诚的educated有教养的determined坚定的frzen冷藏的hidden隐藏的impressed钦佩injured受伤的learned有学问的mixed混合的mved被感动的ccupied忙于plluted受污染的puzzled困惑的qualified有资格的relaxed放松的satisfied满意的
8.truly 副词 然而,专家们表示,要创造真正自然的笑声状态,还有更多的工作要做。空处应用副词修饰形容词natural,故填truly。9.a 冠词 此处表示"机器人实际上应该有一个独特的性格,它可以通过它的对话行为来表现这个性格,比如笑、凝视、手势和说话风格"。名词character"性格,特点"为可数名词,此处表示泛指,应用不定冠词,且形容词distinct的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。10.with 介词 hava a chat with sb."和某人聊天",故填with。
【知识拓展】 以-e结尾的形容词变副词可分为以下几种情况:①true去-e,高中阶段是唯一:true真正的→truly真正。②-l之后-e变-y,只有whle是例外,去-e再加-ly(whle→whlly):pssible可能→pssibly可能,simple简单的→simply简单地,gentle温柔的→gently温柔地。③其余直接加-ly:extreme极度的→extremely极其,fficial正式的→fficially正式地。
题组3Clze 1话题:垂直农场 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约220 难度:★★★★☆ The setup f the tw friends' agricultural business is ▶1 (usual). Their farm sits next t a gas statin, inside a shipping cntainer where the plants grw n vertically(垂直地) arranged shelves. Their peratin is Malaysia-based and fresh prduce ▶2 (sell) directly t cnsumers in ways that bypass grcery stres, which differs 3 the cnventinal business mdel. Apart frm the gas statin, the shipping cntainer's ther ▶4 (neighbr) are a glf curse and an il palm plantatin. Inside, there are tightly packed shelves with varius vegetables ▶5 (plant) in the liquid, nt sil, and grwing under LED lights. The wallpaper utside shws blue sky and cluds, ▶6__________(bring) t mind the view f an ld-fashined farm. Its emplyees wear rubber glves, surgical masks and white lab cats, 7 walk up and dwn in the narrw passage, as if they were in a hspital. Mr. Sha G.P. said it was quite likely 8 he first became interested in vertical farming after he watched a film The Martian, in which an American astrnaut is stranded(被滞留的) n Mars and learns t grw his wn fd. "Our sales ▶9 (duble) ver the past few mnths. After all, nt many end users are willing t g back t the wet market," said Mr. Shawn Ng. "S I think 10 whle business mdel will cntinue t change."
【解析】 文章介绍了沙·G.P.先生和肖恩·吴先生共同创建的集装箱垂直农场的相关内容。1.unusual 形容词 根据下文中对集装箱垂直农场的介绍可知,这两位友人的农业企业的布置方式非同寻常,故填unusual。unusual"特别的,不寻常的,罕见的"。2.is sld 时态、语态和主谓一致 他们公司的总部在马来西亚,他们绕过了食品杂货店而直接向消费者销售新鲜农产品。此处陈述客观情况,应用一般现在时;sell与fresh prduce之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;prduce"农产品"是不可数名词,谓语动词应用单数。故填is sld。3.frm 介词 根据语境可知,此处表示他们的经营模式与传统的经营模式不同。differ frm是固定搭配,表示"与……不同"。4.neighbrs 名词 除了加油站,这个集装箱的其他邻居是一个高尔夫球场和一个油棕树种植园。根据空前的"ther"和空后的"are"可知,空处应用名词复数形式,故填neighbrs。5.planted 非谓语动词 集装箱内紧密排列着各种蔬菜架子,上面有各种各样的蔬菜,它们被种植在液体中,而不是土壤里,而且在LED灯下生长。分析句子结构可知,此处为with的复合结构;plant与vegetables之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词。故填planted。
6.bringing 非谓语动词 外面的壁纸展示着蓝天和云彩,让人想起老式农场的景色。分析句子结构可知,此处是非谓语动词短语作状语;bring与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系,应用现在分词。故填bringing。
【知识拓展】 动词不定式、分词作状语的用法小结(1)分词作状语时,起副词的作用,修饰谓语动词,表示时间、原因、结果、条件、方式以及伴随情况等。其位置比较灵活,可位于句首、句中或句末。分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。(2)动词不定式作状语时,起副词的作用,表示句中谓语动词动作的目的、结果、原因、程度、条件等。(3)分词作原因状语通常位于句首,以示强调;不定式作原因状语时,不能位于句首,通常只位于不及物动词和表语形容词之后,且不定式的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作。例如:Feeling tired, I lay dwn n the grass.我感到疲劳,就躺在了草地上。He was verjyed t see his stry printed in full.看到他的故事全文出版,他高兴坏了。(4)分词作结果状语时,通常位于句子的主谓结构之后,且常带有therefre,thus等副词,以示强调;不定式作结果状语时主要用于一些固定结构,如"""nly+不定式"等。例如:He didn't cme tday, thus making it necessary fr us t find smene else.今天他没有来,因此我们必须找别人。He was t excited t fall asleep.他激动得睡不着觉。
7.and 连词 该公司的员工戴着橡胶手套、医用口罩,穿着白大褂,在集装箱狭窄的通道里走来走去,就好像他们在医院里一样。前后信息间存在顺承关系,故填并列连词and。8.that 主语从句 沙·G.P.先生说,他第一次对垂直农业产生兴趣很可能是在他看了电影《火星救援》之后,在电影中,一名美国宇航员被滞留在火星上,学会了自己种植食物。分析句子结构可知,it为形式主语,空处引导主语从句,且句子成分完整,故填that。9.have dubled 时态和主谓一致 根据句中的时间状语"ver the past few mnths"可知,此处应用现在完成时;主语为复数形式,空处也用复数形式。故填have dubled。10.the 冠词 此处表示肖恩·吴先生认为整个商业模式将会继续改变。根据语境可知,此处表示特指,故填定冠词the。
【二次精读】 熟词生义:1.curse常用义:n.课程,讲座;进展,进程 文章义:n.高尔夫球场This is an 18-hle curse.这是一个18洞的高尔夫球场。2.passage常用义:n.段落,章节 文章义:n.通道,走廊A dark narrw passage led t the main hall.一条阴暗狭窄的走廊通向大厅。词汇积累:setup n.组织(设置、布置)方式,安排 bypass v.绕过,避开 cnventinal adj.传统的,常规的 mdel n.(某种经济、企业等的)模式,模型;榜样,模范 ld-fashined adj.旧式的,老式的,过时的 duble v.(使)加倍,是……的两倍 end user最终用户,直接用户,终端用户
Clze 2话题:大运河 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约240 难度:★★★★☆ [2023山西晋中模考]The Grand Canal, a great man-made prject cmpleted in ancient China, has witnessed Chinese histry spanning ver 2,500 years. On June 22, 2014, it ▶1 (include) n the UNESCO Wrld Heritage List. Over a thusand years, the Grand Canal has been meandering(蜿蜒) thrugh eight prvinces and cities alng ▶2 (it) curse f abut 3,200 kilmeters and cnnecting five majr rivers, which ▶3 (be) the lngest and ldest canal in the wrld. It is a precius heritage ▶4 (pass) dwn t us by ur ancestrs. In mdern times, as 5 result f scial unrest, climate change, ecnmic change and ther impacts, the Grand Canal has been trubled by a series f prblems such as river channel cut-ffs, water ▶6__________(pllute), and water eclgical damage. It was nce the Chinese peple's dream that the Grand Canal culd be restred t the past glry. Since the beginning f the new era, many places alng the Grand Canal have launched eclgical restratin prjects. While maintaining the riginal frm f the river curse, they have fcused 7 scientific prtectin and cultural heritage, ▶8 (highlight) the cultural, histrical and eclgical value f the Grand Canal. On April 28, 2022, the Grand Canal was refilled with water fr the first time in a century, after a 14-day
water-supply prject. With ▶9 (far) develpment f the prject, the Grand Canal has gradually restred the past shipping capacity. Bat turs 10 carg(货物) transprtatin have becme available alng the curse. The "Glden Waterway" turns clean and lively again.
【解析】 本文主要介绍了大运河的状况,包括其历史变迁及新时代的新面貌。1.was included 时态、语态和主谓一致 分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作谓语,根据时间状语"On June 22, 2014"可知,此处应用一般过去时;主语it与动词include之间为被动关系,应用被动语态,且空处应用单数形式。故填was included。2.its 形容词性物主代词 一千多年来,大运河沿着近3 200公里的河道,蜿蜒流经8个省市,连接了5条主要河流,是世界上最长、最古老的运河。分析句子成分可知,空后有名词curse,此处应填形容词性物主代词its。3.is 时态和主谓一致 参见上题解析。在which引导的非限制性定语从句中,空处作谓语,which指代先行词the Grand Canal,在从句中作主语,空处应用单数形式,且此处说明的是大运河的客观情况,应用一般现在时,故填is。4.passed 过去分词 这是我们祖先传给我们的宝贵遗产。空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰heritage,动词pass与heritage之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词,故填passed。5.a 冠词 在现代,由于社会动荡、气候变化、经济变化和其他影响,大运河被河道断流、水污染、水生态破坏等一系列问题所困扰。as a result f为固定短语,意为"由于"。故填a。6.pllutin 名词 参见上题解析。根据语境可知,此处表示"水污染",与句中的river channel cut-ffs和water eclgical damage并列作such as的宾语,空处应填名词pllutin,是不可数名词。7.n 介词 fcus n为固定搭配,表示"集中(注意力、精力等)于"。故填n。8.highlighting 现在分词 他们在保持河道原始形态的同时,关注科学保护和文化遗产,突出大运河的文
化、历史和生态价值。主句的谓语是"have fcused n",空处应用非谓语动词作伴随状语,主语they与动词highlight之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词,故填highlighting。9.further 形容词比较级 随着工程的进一步发展,大运河逐渐恢复了过去的运输能力。根据句意可知,此处表示"随着工程的进一步发展",表示抽象的"进一步",应用far的比较级further。故填further。10.and 并列连词 根据句子的谓语部分"have becme available"可知,Bat turs和carg transprtatin并列作主语,故填and。
Clze 3话题:羌绣 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约225 难度:★★★★☆ [2023吉林省吉林市三调]Qiang embridery(羌绣) has a lng and rich histry, dating back t the Han Dynasty, 1 it was adpted fr use n clthing. It makes use f many kinds f stitches(针法) and ▶2__________(usual) is practised by wmen. A pair f embridered shes can take as lng as ten days t prduce, making the practice a test f bth skill and patience. Chen Yunzhen, frm Beichuan Qiang Autnmus Cunty in Sichuan Prvince, ▶3 (be) a master f Qiang embridery. As part f her effrts t stp the endangered technique frm ▶4__________(appear), Chen began visiting the surrunding regins t teach embridery. In 2014, she established a Qiang embridery wrkshp that has since prvided free training t ver 20,000 peple. ▶5 (breathe) new life int Qiang embridery, Chen has cntinued t keep 6 pen mind, intrducing new prducts like persnal accessries, ntebks and bags in additin t the traditinal clthes. Chen's tw daughters returned t their hmetwn t help supprt her effrts after graduating frm university. With her daughters' yuthful sense f ▶7 (innvate), Chen has cmbined metalwrk and Qiang embridery t create earrings, rings and necklaces ppular 8 yung cnsumers. She is als cnsidering live streaming t prmte her handmade prducts. Accrding t Chen, the Qiang peple d nt have a ▶9 (write) language, s Qiang embridery must ▶10 (preserve)and develped as part f effrts t sustain its culture.
【解析】 本文主要介绍了羌绣的历史、特点,以及羌绣传承人陈云珍为传承与发扬这一传统文化所作的努力。1.when 定语从句 羌绣有着悠久而丰富的历史,可以追溯到汉代,当时它被用于服装上。空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,先行词Han Dynasty表示时间,空处在从句中作时间状语,故填when。2.usually 副词 空处用副词usually作状语,修饰谓语is practised,意为"通常"。故填usually。3.is 时态和主谓一致 陈云珍,来自四川省北川羌族自治县,是一位羌绣能手。此处描述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,主语Chen Yunzhen是第三人称单数形式,故填is。4.disappearing 动名词 此处表示"阻止这种濒危技艺消失",应用动词disappear,表示"消失,不复存在";stp sth.frm ding sth.为固定用法,空处应用动名词作宾语,故填disappearing。5.T breathe 动词不定式 为了给羌绣注入新的活力,陈云珍一直保持开明的思想,除了传统服装之外,还推出了个人配饰、笔记本和包包等新产品。根据语境可知,此处应用动词不定式表目的,且空处位于句首,首字母大写。故填T breathe。breathe new life int sth.为固定搭配,表示"为某事物注入新的活力"。6.an 冠词 参见上题解析。keep an pen mind为固定短语,意为"愿意聆听(或接受)意见,不怀成见,思想开明",故填an。7.innvatin 名词 凭借女儿们年轻的创新意识,陈云珍将金属制品和羌绣结合在一起,创作出深受年轻消费者欢迎的耳环、戒指和项链。空处用名词作宾语,innvatin意为"创新",是不可数名词,a sense f innvatin意为"创新意识"。故填innvatin。8.amng/with 介词 be ppular amng/with sb.为固定搭配,意为"受某人欢迎",故填amng/with。
9.written 形容词 据陈(云珍)介绍,羌族没有书面语言,因此羌族刺绣必须得到保护和发展,作为保留羌族文化的一部分。根据语境,此处应用形容词written作定语,意为"书面的"。故填written。10.be preserved 语态 动词preserve与Qiang embridery为被动关系,应用被动语态,空前是情态动词must,故填be preserved。
Clze 4话题:气候危机对贫困国家的影响 主题语境:人与自然 词数:约265 难度:★★★★★ [2023湖北十堰调研]The climate crisis has reached new levels f destructin this year fr millins f peple in pr cuntries that didn't cause the prblem, ▶1 (lead) t lsses s huge that it is hard fr many in richer cuntries t even understand. Fr nearly three decades, the cuntries mst affected by climate disasters have asked wealthy cuntries t help them pay fr the damage, nly t be paid lip service. At the annual United Natins climate cnference this week, the issue is frmally 2 the agenda, a breakthrugh in itself. ▶3 (encuraging), a small number f wealthy cuntries have prmised t give mney despite small amunts. These cntributins are welcme, althugh they are nt the kind f funding ▶4 (seek) by prer cuntries—sme cuntries reallcate funds frm ther pts f climate finance, r put mney tward ▶5__________(insure) r early warning systems. What these cuntries ▶6 (call)fr ver the past decades, and urgently need, is a cllective funding stream within the United Natins 7 helps them recver frm devastating lsses that result frm disasters, rising seas and ther climate impacts. It's nt 8 matter f charity. Taking actin is firmly in rich cuntries' wn interests. As climate change ▶9 (bear) dwn, mre factries and prts arund the wrld will clse, devastating(毁灭) glbal supply chains. Fd prices will rise. Mre peple will be displaced, which will cause additinal migratin crises. Cnflict will grw mre likely as peple fight ver land and water. The cnsequences will
destabilize(使动摇) even the ▶10 (strng) ecnmies. Preventing that utcme nw, by financing recvery frm climate damage, will ensure a mre stable future fr everyne.
【解析】 气候危机对贫困国家造成的恶劣影响达到了新的水平。这一问题也正式提上了联合国气候大会的日程之上,一少部分发达国家承诺为此提供资金,尽管数量并不太大。1.leading 非谓语动词 结合语境和句子结构可知,空处应用非谓语动词作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果和主谓关系,故填现在分词leading。2.n 介词 n the agenda是固定搭配,意为"在议事日程上", 故填n。3.Encuragingly 词形转换 空处所填词位于句首,修饰后面的整个句子,故空处填副词Encuragingly。4.sught 非谓语动词 分析句子结构可知,空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰the kind f funding。seek与the kind f funding是逻辑上的动宾关系,且此处不强调时间概念,故应用过去分词sught。【积累】bring→brught→brught、buy→bught→bught、fight→fught→fught、think→thught→thught、seek→sught→sught、catch→caught→caught、teach→taught→taught。5.insurance 词形转换 空处与systems并列作介词tward的宾语,故用不可数名词insurance。6.have called/have been calling 时态和主谓一致 分析句子结构和语境可知,空处在主语从句中作谓语,根据时间状语ver the past decades可知,此处可用现在完成时,也可用现在完成进行时。从句的主语为复数名词,空处应用复数形式,故填have called/have been calling。7.that/which 定语从句 空处引导定语从句,并在从句中作主语,先行词为a cllective funding stream within the United Natins,故填that/which。8.a 冠词 "It's(nt) a matter f..."为固定句型,意为"这(不)是关乎……的问题", 故填a。
9.bears 时态和主谓一致 As引导时间状语从句,空处在从句中作谓语,主句使用一般将来时,从句应用一般现在时表示将来;从句主语为climate change,空处应用单数形式。故填bears。bear dwn"冲向,咄咄逼近"。10.strngest 形容词最高级 结合语境可知,此处表示最高级意义,故填strngest。
【考法攻略】 有提示词类设题模型
→看所给动词与名词在逻辑上构成的关系
→看所给动词与句子主语在逻辑上构成的关系
过基础 必备知识新题精练题组1Clze 1话题:科幻电影《流浪地球2》 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约200 难度:★★★☆☆ The sci-fi mvie The Wandering Earth Ⅱ has attracted great attentin these days. Many f the mvie audiences praise it a lt and almst every ne f them ▶1 (strike) with the science and technlgy in it, particularly the space elevatrs(电梯) that send peple t space. The key t ▶2 (build) space elevatrs is t find a super strng material that can be used as the elevatr cable(缆绳). The material needs t maintain gd perfrmance when ▶3 (expse) t special cnditins in space. It might be many years 4 space elevatrs culd actually becme a reality. Still, the discussin f this technlgy itself ▶5 (accurate) reflects the ambitin f humans in the research and develpment f material science. Over the past weeks, many audiences ▶6 (shw) great interest in the details and technlgies in the mvie. 7 number f scientists and researchers jined nline discussins 8 an attempt t analyze and explain the pssibilities f the technlgies in the mvie. The mvie's science cnsultant said, "Discussins n the mvie nt nly shw supprt fr Chinese mvies but als fire mre peple's ▶9 (enthusiastic) fr science and technlgy and give them a chance t get t knw ▶10 (relevance) knwledge f science and technlgy behind the mvie."
【解析】 文章主要讲述的是科幻电影《流浪地球2》中的科技应用。1.is struck 时态、语态和主谓一致 根据and前的分句所用的一般现在时和语境可知,此处应用一般现在时;strike"使受吸引"与主语之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;主语中心词为every ne,表示单数概念,谓语动词应用单数。故填is struck。2.building 非谓语动词 空前的t是介词,故空处应填building。the key t ding sth.表示"做某事的关键"。3.expsed 非谓语动词 当暴露在太空中的特殊环境下时,该材料需要保持良好的性能。此处为非谓语动词作时间状语,expse与The material之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词,故填expsed。4.befre 状语从句 太空电梯要真正成为现实可能还需要很多年。分析句子结构可知,此处考查固定句型"It + be + 时间段+ befre从句",故填befre。
【知识拓展】 在as,as sn as,nce,until,when,while,whenever等引导的时间状语从句中,常常可以省略从句中的主语和动词be,连接词后直接跟名词、形容词、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语等。
5.accurately 副词 尽管如此,对这项技术的讨论本身如实反映了人类在材料科学研究和发展方面的雄心。空处修饰动词,应用副词,故填accurately。6.have shwn 时态 在过去的几周里,许多观众对电影中的细节和技术表现出了极大的兴趣。根据句中的时间状语"Over the past weeks"可知,此处应用现在完成时,故填have shwn。
【知识拓展】 易混句型辨析(1)在"It + be + 时间段 + befre从句"结构中,befre是从属连词,引导时间状语从句;该结构表示"过了多久才……,要过多久才……"。例如:①It was just a few days befre the film was released.几天后电影就上映了。②It will be tw years befre they meet again.两年后他们才会再见面。(2)在"It + be + 时间段 + since从句"结构中,since是从属连词,引导时间状语从句。如果从句中的谓语动词是短暂性动词,该结构表示"自……以来有多久了";如果从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词,该结构表示"多久不……了"。例如:①It is three years since I jined the club.我加入这个俱乐部已经三年了。②It is abut tw years since I last played basketball.我不打篮球差不多两年了。
7.A 冠词 为了分析和解释电影中技术的可能性,许多科学家和研究人员加入了在线讨论。根据句意可知,此处表示"许多",应用a number f。8.in 介词 in an attempt t d sth.是固定用法,表示"为了做某事",故填in。9.enthusiasm 名词 对该电影的讨论不仅是对中国电影的支持,也激发了更多人对科技的热情,让他们有机会了解电影背后的相关科技知识。根据空前的peple's和空后的fr可知,此处应用名词,故填enthusiasm。10.relevant 形容词 空处修饰名词knwledge,应用形容词,故填relevant。
【二次精读】 背景知识:《流浪地球》是刘慈欣创作的中篇小说,获2000年度中国科幻银河奖特等奖。小说讲述了太阳内部氢转化成氦的速度突然加快,人类面临灭顶之灾,各个国家合作成立联合政府,决定实施一项长达2 500年的宏大计划:建造行星发动机将地球推离太阳系。2019年上映的电影《流浪地球》改编自该小说,2023年上映的电影《流浪地球2》为电影《流浪地球》的前传。
【名师点津】 解答本题需注意两方面:①准确理解句意;②了解a number f"许多"和the number f"……的数量"的区别。
Clze 2话题:北京茶馆 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约215 难度:★★★☆☆ [2023浙江嘉兴教学测试]Tea drinking has been a traditinal custm amng native Beijingers. Teahuses frmed in the Tang Dynasty, tk ff in the Sng Dynasty and were recrded in Yuan drama ▶1________(write) in the Yuan Dynasty. As sciety develped,private teahuses, tea bars and teahuses with diverse features ▶2 (create). Teahuses ften served as centers f scial interactin where peple came t discuss persnal affairs r even ▶3 (plitics) issues. There are different types f teahuses including Pure Teahuses, Teahuses fr Strytelling, Chess Teuses,etc. In Pure Teahuses, peple d nthing but drink tea, mst f 4 are unccupied persns r the yung frm the rich family. Teahuses fr Strytelling, ▶5 (nrmal) in the afternn and night, are welcmed by peple with an interest in nvels, pingshu and strytelling. Chess Teahuses are ppular amng thse interested in playing chess.In the Qing Dynasty, there were als Chess Teahuses that served schlars and ▶6 (fficial) near Shichahai. The tea culture has regained its ppularity after a lng term f decline. In recent years teahuses with lcal characteristics ▶7 (appear) in Beijing with the perfrmance f Beijing Opera, r the cmbinatin f tea culture, flk custms 8 arts. Lashe Teahuse, fr example, is widely famus in and beynd China 9 a cultural symbl in Beijing, where a large number f tea fans gather, ▶10 (enjy) its rich tea culture.
【解析】 喝茶是北京当地人的传统习俗。随着社会的发展,多种类型的茶馆也随之出现。本文介绍了北京茶馆的历史、功能、类型和现状等。1.written 过去分词 茶馆形成于唐代,兴盛于宋代,并在元朝的元曲中有记载。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰Yuan drama,Yuan drama和动词write为逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词,故填written。2.were created 时态、语态和主谓一致 随着社会的发展,出现了私人茶室、茶吧和具有多种特色的茶馆。空处在句中作谓语,主语为三个并列的名词词组,表示复数意义,空处应用复数形式,且主语与动词create为被动关系,应用被动语态。根据空前的develped和下文中的served可知,空处叙述的是过去的事情,应用一般过去时。故填were created。3.plitical 形容词 茶馆通常作为社会交往的中心,人们来这里讨论个人事务甚至政治问题。空处修饰名词issues,应用形容词plitical,表示"政治的"。4.whm 定语从句 在清茶馆里,人们除了喝茶什么都不做,他们大多是闲人或富家子弟。分析句子可知,此处为"代词mst+f+关系代词"引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词为peple,故填whm。5.nrmally 副词 书茶馆通常在下午和晚上,受到喜欢小说、评书和说书的人的欢迎。空处应用副词作状语,修饰介词短语in the afternn and night,故填nrmally。6.fficials 名词复数 清朝什刹海附近还有棋茶馆,为学者和官员服务。and连接两个并列的名词作宾语,fficial"官员,要员"为可数名词,根据schlars可知,空处也用复数形式,故填fficials。7.have appeared 时态和主谓一致 空处在句中作谓语,根据时间状语In recent years和语境可知,空处可用现在完成时,主语teahuses为复数名词,空处用复数形式,故填have appeared。
8.and 并列连词 根据句意并分析句子结构可知,"tea culture""flk custms"和"arts"为并列成分,作介词f的宾语,故填并列连词and。9.as 介词 以老舍茶馆为例,它作为北京的一个文化象征而闻名中外,大量的茶迷聚集在这里,享受着丰富的茶文化。根据句意可知,此处应用介词as,表示"作为"。10.enjying 现在分词 空处为非谓语动词作伴随状语,动词enjy和tea fans为逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词,故填enjying。
Clze 3话题:采摘橙子 主题语境:人与自我 词数:约180 难度:★★★☆☆ [2023辽宁锦州质检]Last Sunday mrning, my classmates and I participated in an range-picking activity 1 a lcal farm. Well knwn fr its rganic farming, the farm ▶2 (lcate) at the ft f a hill 20 kilmeters frm ur city. It is hme t a ▶3 (vary) f fruit trees, whse branches were laden with lvely fruits. We gt there at 8: 30 am and began t wrk as sn as we arrived. We wre glves and carried baskets with us. Sme put ladders against the trees t pick glden ranges while thers were busy ▶4 (deliver) ranges and packing them int bxes. Bathed in the warm sunshine, we were talking and laughing ▶5 (happy) while wrking. At the break time, the farmer invited us ▶6 (taste) the lvely ranges we picked. They were the best fruits 7__________ we had ever eaten. At 11:30 pm we stpped wrking and ▶8 (head) back hme. We felt ▶9 (please) althugh all f us were tired when we gt hme. 10 prvided us with a precius pprtunity t get clse t nature and learn hw t harvest fruits. We als realized the value f labr.
【解析】 本文讲述的是作者和同学们参加当地农场采摘橙子的活动。1.n 介词 上周日上午,我和同学们在当地农场参加了摘橙子的活动。n a farm表示"在农场",为固定搭配。空处应用介词n。2.is lcated 时态、语态和主谓一致 这个农场以有机农业闻名,位于离我们城市20公里的山脚下。be lcated in为固定用法,表示"位于……",此处陈述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,且主语是单数,故填is lcated。3.variety 名词 它是各种果树的家园,它们的树枝上挂满了很好的果实。a variety f为固定短语,表示"各种各样的",故填variety。4.delivering 非谓语动词 be busy ding sth.为固定用法,意为"忙于做某事",故填delivering。5.happily 副词 空处作状语,修饰laughing,应用副词形式,故填happily。6.t taste 非谓语动词 invite sb. t d sth.为固定用法,意为"邀请某人做某事",故填t taste。7.that 定语从句 它们是我们吃过的最好的水果。空处引导的是定语从句,关系词在从句中作宾语,先行词fruits前有形容词最高级修饰,关系词只能用that。8.headed 时态 空处与stpped并列作谓语,此处陈述过去的事情,应用一般过去时,故填headed。9.pleased 形容词 当我们回到家时,虽然我们都很累,但我们感到很高兴。空处作表语,表示"快乐的,高兴的",故填pleased。10.It 代词 它为我们提供了一个接近自然、学习如何收获果实的宝贵机会。空处在句中作主语,指代的是"本次活动",应用人称代词it;同时该空置于句首,首字母大写。故填It。
Clze 4话题:草编传承人吴翠 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约225 难度:★★★☆☆ 传统文化[2023山东聊城模考]Mst peple wuld prbably just see wheat straw as a pile f waste in a farmer's field. Hwever, Wu Cui, an intangible cultural inheritr, can turn the straw left ver frm harvested wheat 1 beautiful and eye-catching functinal artwrks. The mst cmmn materials, nce ▶2__________(prcess) by the hands f craftsmen, can be magically transfrmed. The technique f straw plaiting(编织), 3 methd f manufacturing daily items r artwrks by braiding(把……编成辫状带子) straw, ▶4 (list) as a natinal intangible cultural heritage in 2008. It enjys a lng histry in China and has played a significant rle in the daily lives f cmmn peple. ▶5 (intense) interested in the technique, Wu made the straw-plaiting her jb and started frm scratch(从零开始) after graduating frm university tw years ag. Nw, she is wrking at a cmpany in Beijing that fcuses n the ▶6 (prmte) f traditinal crafts. Accrding t Wu, instead f the actual weaving, the selectin f materials is the first step 7 can take a lng time t cmplete. Next cme sketching the piece n paper, imagining its 3D structure, weaving, shaping 8 finally the preserving f the wrk. The ▶9 (hard) part is t make the wrks lifelike and slid. When asked abut her plans, Wu says she desires ▶10 (dig) deeper int lcal traditinal culture and create cultural creative prducts by fully using the straw plaiting technique.
【解析】 本文介绍了非物质文化遗产传承人吴翠用麦秆编织艺术品。1.int 介词 而非物质文化遗产传承人吴翠,却能将收割后剩下的麦秆变成美观、引人注目的实用的艺术品。turn sth. int sth.为固定搭配,意为"把某物变成某物"。故填int。2.prcessed 状语从句的省略 最普通的材料,一旦经过工匠的手进行加工,就能神奇地变形。此处为状语从句的省略,该条件状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同,且从句含有be动词,从句省略了主语和be动词,该从句的完整表达为nce the mst cmmn materials are prcessed by the hands f craftsmen,因此空处应用过去分词形式。故填prcessed。3.a 冠词 methd"方法"为可数名词,此处表示"一种方法",应用不定冠词表示泛指,且methd的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。4.was listed 时态、语态和主谓一致 空处在句中作谓语,根据时间状语in 2008可知,此处应用一般过去时,主语The technique f straw plaiting为单数,与动词list之间为被动关系,应用被动语态,故填was listed。5.Intensely 副词 空处应用副词作状语,修饰形容词interested,故填Intensely。6.prmtin 名词 根据空前的the和空后的f可知,空处应用名词作宾语。prmtin"推广,促进"为不可数名词。故填prmtin。7.that 定语从句 空处引导定语从句,并在从句中作主语,先行词是step,指物,其前有序数词first修饰,关系代词只能用that。8.and 并列连词 根据空前的Next和空后的finally可知,空前与空后的内容为顺承关系,故填并列连词and。9.hardest 形容词最高级 最难的部分是使作品逼真和结实。根据空前的The和语境可知,此处应用形容
词最高级形式修饰名词part,故填hardest。10.t dig 非谓语动词 desire t d sth.为固定用法,意为"渴望做某事",故填t dig。
题组2 Clze 1话题:科技改变老年人的生活 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约175 难度:★★★☆☆ [2023辽宁教研联盟一调]Elderly peple like t use technlgy t entertain themselves and keep in tuch with friends. They dn't want t rely n anyne. Instead, they just hpe t remain ▶1 (dependent). Plenty f time ▶2 (spend) in finding ut new things r writing dwn their experiences every day. Many scial media sites ▶3 (develp) fr the yunger generatin are nw being enjyed by the elderly, t. "Our granddaughter helped me set up 4 scial media prfile," ne explained. "I sn fund lts f peple t chat 5 and sme invited me t jin their nline puzzle(益智游戏) grups. 6__________ keeps my brain active t cmmunicate with peple nline." And fr elderly peple wh may be unable t leave their hmes withut ▶7 (assist), cmmunicatin with the utside wrld is essential, t prevent lneliness and t allw them t call fr help in many ▶8 (emergency). In Singapre, the elderly are even turning t rbts t keep them in shape ▶9 (physical). These rbts nt nly lead daily wrkuts, 10 can prvide senir citizens with feedback n their perfrmance, as well as sending phts via(通过) scial media.
【解析】 许多为年轻一代开发的社交媒体网站现在也受到老年人的喜爱。有的老年人甚至使用机器人来保持身体健康。科技也在逐渐改变老年人的生活。1.independent 形容词 他们不想依靠任何人。相反,他们只是希望保持独立。空处应用形容词作表语,此处指保持独立,故填independent。【拓展】常见的加否定前缀in-的单词还有:incrrect不正确的,inaccurate不准确的,incapable没有能力,inequality不平等,incnvenient不方便的。2.is spent 时态、语态和主谓一致 每天有大量的时间被花在寻找新事物或写下他们的经历上。空处在句中作谓语,根据时间状语every day可知,空处应用一般现在时;主语time和动词spend之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;主语time是不可数名词,空处应用单数形式。故填is spent。3.develped 过去分词 许多为年轻一代开发的社交媒体网站现在也受到老年人的喜爱。空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,动词develp和sites之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词,故填develped。4.a 不定冠词 prfile是可数名词,此处表示"一个社交媒体个人资料",表示泛指,应用不定冠词,且scial的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。5.with 介词 此处是动词不定式结构作后置定语,主动形式表示被动意义。chat with sb.是固定搭配,表示"和某人聊天"。故填with。6.It 代词 空处是形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式t cmmunicate with peple nline,空处应用人称代词it,且位于句首,首字母应大写。故填It。7.assistance 名词 对于那些可能无法在没有帮助的情况下离开家的老年人来说,与外界的交流是必不可少的,以防止孤独,并使他们能够在许多紧急情况下寻求帮助。空处应用名词assistance"帮助,援助"作介
词withut的宾语,且assistance是不可数名词。故填assistance。8.emergencies 名词复数 参见上题解析。emergency"突发事件,紧急情况"可作可数名词,根据空前的many可知,此处应用复数形式,故填emergencies。9.physically 副词 在新加坡,老年人甚至求助于机器人来保持他们的身体健康。空处修饰固定短语in shape,应用副词形式,故填physically。10.but 并列连词 这些机器人不仅可以引导老年人进行日常锻炼,还可以给老年人提供他们表现的反馈,并通过社交媒体发送照片。"nt (als)..."为固定结构,表示"不但……而且……",故填but。
Clze 2话题:The Financial Diet平台 主题语境:人与自我 词数:约195 难度:★★★☆☆ 创新类型[2023云南昆明"三诊一模"质检]As a freshman in cllege, Chelsea Fagan gt her first credit card. Withut really ▶1 (understand) hw the credit system wrks, she maxed ut her credit card and ▶2 (thrw) ut the card withut paying the bill. She ruined her credit. T prevent credit ruin frm happening again, Fagan started a persnal blg ▶3 (track) her budget. The blg has turned int The Financial Diet, 4 is nw a platfrm abut "persnal finance and living better" and aims t pen the cnversatin abut mney, share advice 5 educate yung adults. Nw Fagan runs The Financial Diet with graphic designer Lauren Ver Hage. Their team ▶6 (make) up f anther five wmen and multiple guest cntributrs. Anyne wh has smething t share abut anything related 7 mney can submit a blg pst and it ends up being published. This allws fr plenty f pinins, ▶8 (experience) and tips. Aside frm mney, the tpics include career tips, cllege finances, budgeting fr yur lifestyle and travel and hw t manage yur mney t live yur dream life. 9 first smart mney mve yu can make is t take advantage f this free and infrmative resurce. Ding s wn't cst yu any mney but can ▶10 (final) save yu sme.
【解析】 Chelsea Fagan第一次使用信用卡时,由于不了解信用系统的工作原理,导致个人信誉被毁。为防止此类事情发生,她开通个人博客,记录自己的预算。后来这个博客变成了"The Financial Diet",在这个平台上大家可以开始关于金钱的对话、分享建议和教育年轻人。1.understanding 动名词 空前有介词Withut,介词后如果接动词需要使用动名词形式,故填understanding。2.threw 动词的时态和语态 根据空前的并列连词and可知,空处的时态应与空前并列谓语的时态保持一致,故应用一般过去时,空处与主语she是主动关系,故填threw。3.t track 动词不定式 根据语境可知,Fagan开通个人博客是为了记录自己的预算,此处应用动词不定式短语作目的状语,故填t track。4.which 非限制性定语从句 分析句子结构可知,此处考查非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词是The Financial Diet,表示物,故填which。5.and 连词 分析句子结构可知,此处为pen the cnversatin abut mney、share advice和educate yung adults这三个动词短语的并列,中间缺少连词,故填and。6.is made 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致 分析句子结构可知,空处是谓语部分。根据本段开头的Nw可知,此处描述的是目前的情况,故时态应用一般现在时;主语Their team 和空处是被动关系,空处需使用被动语态;主语是Their team,表第三人称单数概念,故空处应用单数形式。由此可知,空处填is made。7.t 介词 此处考查固定短语related t"与……有关",故填t。8.experiences 名词 experience"(一次)经历,体验"为可数名词。根据空后的and可知,空处与pinins和
tips为并列关系,故应用名词的复数形式。故填experiences。9.The 定冠词 first是序数词;mve是名词,在此处意为"行动"。故此处需要加定冠词,空处位于句首,首字母需大写,故填The。10.finally 副词 修饰动词需用副词,save是动词,在此处意为"节省",故填finally。
Clze 3话题:"敦煌的女儿"樊锦诗 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约170 难度:★★★☆☆ Fan Jinshi, the hnrary president f the Dunhuang Academy, is mre widely knwn as the "Daughter f Dunhuang". She has spent mre than fur decades ▶1 (study) the preservatin f the Mga Caves.The Mga Caves ▶2 (build) frm the 4th century t the 14th century, and they cnsist f at least 490 caves 3 are carved int the cliffs(悬崖) abve the Dunhuang River. Fr many reasns, the caves ▶4 (becme) increasingly vulnerable(脆弱的) in the past years. Fan, tgether with ther schlars, has made several breakthrughs in cave preservatin technlgies such as 5 reductin f sandstrms' impact n the Mga Caves. Fan als wrks hard ▶6 (prmte) cperatin between the Dunhuang Academy and verseas archaelgical institutins. Thanks t her effrts, the surrunding envirnment has imprved ▶7 (significant). 8 Fan's leadership, the Dunhuang Academy has grwn int the wrld's largest institutin fr Dunhuang studies, making many ▶9 (achieve) in digitisatin, 3D scanning and virtual reality representatin f the Dunhuang relics(遗迹). "The lnger I've stayed here, the ▶10 (deep) my lve has grwn fr Dunhuang," Fan said.
【解析】 本文介绍了"敦煌的女儿"樊锦诗为保护敦煌莫高窟作出的贡献。1.studying 非谓语动词 spend sme time (in)ding sth."花费时间做某事"是固定用法,故填studying。2.were built 时态、语态和主谓一致 根据时间状语"frm the 4th century t the 14th century"可知空处用一般过去时;build与主语The Mga Caves是被动关系,应用被动语态;结合后面指代The Mga Caves的they可知,主语表示复数意义,谓语动词应用复数。故填were built。3.that/which 定语从句 空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词是caves,关系词在从句中作主语,故填that/which。4.have becme 时态和主谓一致 根据时间状语"in the past years"可知,此处用现在完成时;主语是名词复数,谓语用复数形式。故填have becme。5.the 冠词 樊锦诗和其他学者一起,在石窟保护科技方面取得了一些突破,比如降低沙尘暴对莫高窟的影响。根据空后的"f sandstrms' impact n the Mga Caves"可知,此处的reductin是特指,故填定冠词the。6.t prmte 非谓语动词 樊锦诗还努力推动敦煌研究院和海外考古机构之间的合作。此处是非谓语动词作目的状语,故用不定式短语。 7.significantly 副词 多亏了她的努力,周围的环境有了显著的改善。空处修饰谓语动词,应用副词形式。significantly"有重大意义地,显著地,明显地"。
【名师点津】 有时候,主语是表示单数含义还是复数含义并不是很直观,此时可以借助上下文中出现的相关代词来进行判断。比如本题就是通过后面的they来判断谓语用复数形式的。
8.Under 介词 under sb.'s leadership"在某人的领导下",是固定搭配。9.achievements 名词 根据空前的many可知,本空要填名词的复数形式,故填achievements。10.deeper 比较级 樊锦诗说:"我在这里待得越久,对敦煌的爱就越深。"本句是"the+比较级+其他,the+比较级+其他"句型,表示"越……就越……"。空处作表语,故填deeper。
【易错点拨】 审题不清——部分考生以为句中的grwn是实义动词,从而误填deeply或mre deeply。
【知识拓展】 其他同类短语还有:under sb.'s guidance/directin"在某人的指导下";under sb.'s cntrl"在某人的控制/管理下";under sb.'s cmmand"在某人的指挥/控制下";under sb.'s nse"就在某人面前(却看不见),当着某人的面"等。
【二次精读】 背景知识:"舍半生,给茫茫大漠。从未名湖到莫高窟,守住前辈的火,开辟明天的路。半个世纪的风沙,不是谁都经得起吹打。一腔爱,一洞画,一场文化苦旅,从青春到白发。心归处,是敦煌。"这是中央广播电视总台《感动中国》栏目写给樊锦诗的颁奖词。樊锦诗生于1938年,现任敦煌研究院名誉院长,为敦煌莫高窟的保护、研究、弘扬事业奉献了一生的心血和精力,极大地提高了敦煌石窟科学保护和管理的现代化水平,被誉为"敦煌的女儿"。词汇积累:preservatin n.保护;维持 cnsist f=be made up f由……组成 carve v.刻;雕刻 breakthrugh n.重大进展,突破 adj.突破性的 cperatin n.合作 leadership n.领导,领导地位;领导才能 digitisatin n.数字化
Clze 4话题:英国生态学家在中国拯救鸟类 主题语境:人与自然 词数:约215 难度:★★★☆☆ 环境保护[2023湖北八市联考]Terry Twnshend is an eclgist frm the UK. In late Octber, he climbed t the rf f a building t check ut a hand-sized recrding device ▶1 (lay) there t catch the sunds f migratry birds(候鸟) at Beijing's Olympic Park. Every tw weeks, he came here t cllect data and share it 2 universities' research centres fr this year's bird tracking study. As a birdwatcher 3 has lived in Beijing fr ver a decade, Twnshend funded a website 4_________ frmed a grup fr fellw enthusiasts. He wrks t raise envirnmental ▶5 (aware) amng peple t help save sme f China's mst endangered birds, initiating(发起) prjects t track sme f Beijing's celebrated birds. Thugh bserving the migratry birds in Beijing ▶6 (be) ne f Twnshend's main activities nw, his bnd with China was established twelve years ag. At that time, the nn-gvernmental rganizatin Twnshend nce wrked with was invited by the Chinese gvernment ▶7 (cperate) in bsting supprt fr China's general envirnmental laws n climate change. As the prject leader, Twnshend came t China fr the first time. After getting t knw the cuntry, he decided t stay here fr ▶8 (far) research. "China ▶9 (value) the recvery f nature in past decades. With the effrts t carry ut varius targeted prtectins tward nature, 10 future lks bright fr China's bidiversity," Twnshend said.
【解析】 来自英国的生态学家Terry Twnshend在北京观察候鸟,他致力于提高人们的环保意识,帮助拯救中国一些最濒危的鸟类,同时发起了追踪北京一些著名鸟类的项目。1.laid 非谓语动词 10月底,他爬上一座建筑物的屋顶,查看放置在那里的一个手掌大小的录制设备,该设备用来捕捉在北京奥林匹克公园的候鸟的声音。空处为非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰recrding device,动词lay与recrding device之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词,故填laid。2.with 介词 每隔两周,他都会来这里收集数据,并与大学的研究中心分享,用于今年的鸟类追踪研究。share sth.with sb.为固定搭配,意为"和某人分享某物"。故填with。3.wh/that 定语从句 作为一名在北京生活了十多年的观鸟者,Twnshend创建了一个网站,并为观鸟爱好者建立了一个小组。空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词birdwatcher,先行词指人,关系代词在从句中作主语,故填wh/that。4.and 并列连词 参见上题解析。funded和frmed为并列谓语,空处应用并列连词and。
【知识拓展】 lie(躺),lie(撒谎),lay(放置)的过去式、过去分词、现在分词如下:lie—lay—lain—lying躺;位于→不规则变形lie—lied—lied—lying撒谎→规则变形lay—laid—laid—laying放置;铺放;下蛋口诀:规则的撒谎,不规则的躺,躺"过"是下蛋,下蛋不规则。
5.awareness 名词 他致力于提高人们的环保意识,帮助拯救中国一些最濒危的鸟类,同时发起了追踪北京一些著名鸟类的项目。此处表示"提高环保意识",空处作宾语,其前有形容词修饰,应用名词,故填awareness。6.is 时态和主谓一致 虽然在北京观察候鸟是Twnshend现在的主要活动之一,但他与中国的联系是在12年前建立起来的。空处在让步状语从句中作谓语,根据从句的时间状语nw可知,从句描述的是现在的情况,应用一般现在时;主语是动名词短语,谓语动词应用单数形式。故填is。7.t cperate 非谓语动词 根据语境,空处作目的状语,应用动词不定式,故填t cperate。8.further 形容词比较级 在了解了这个国家之后,他决定留在这里作进一步研究。根据语境,此处表示"进一步研究",空处应用形容词比较级作定语,故填further。9.has valued/has been valuing 时态和主谓一致 空处在句中作谓语,根据时间状语in past decades可知,空处可用现在完成时,表示动作从过去延续到现在并有可能延续下去,也可用现在完成进行时,表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作,可能刚刚停止,也可能还在继续进行。主语为China,空处应用第三人称单数形式。故填has valued/has been valuing。10.the 冠词 此处表示"中国生物多样性的前景看起来一片光明",空处表示特指,应用定冠词。故填the。
过能力 关键能力强化提升题组1Clze 1话题:算法对网购的影响 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约215 难度:★★★★☆ Fr many f us, nline shpping has made purchasing gds a far ▶1 (simple) prcess. We n lnger have t head t shps t lk thrugh varius bjects, ▶2 (wander) rund endless shelves befre finally deciding the thing we will buy. These days, we find the item we want nline, click n it, and check a full ▶3 (describe) f it. If it fits the bill, we will add it t ur shpping basket and pay. There ▶4 (exist) many a chice at ur fingertips, readily available fr us t chse frm. 5__________ hw d we knw the ptins appearing befre us are really the best deals, and hw might algrithms(算法) help r hld us back? Algrithms, put simply, refer t mathematical instructins that tell a cmputer hw t find answers 6__________ prblems. By analyzing the things we bught r lked ▶7 (previus), algrithms can predict what gds we're mst likely t be attracted by. T be hnest, fr sme peple, 8 idea f guessing their preferences culd sund a bit wrrying. But first, let's lk at the psitives. Ordering a cmputer ▶9 (shw) us what we are interested in can save us a lt f time and help us get a gd deal. Therefre, 10 yu're shpping nline r in physical stres, there are the prs and cns f it.
【解析】 网上购物既方便又快捷,但在大数据时代,算法对网购究竟有何影响?让我们一起来了解吧!1.simpler 形容词比较级 对于我们中的许多人来说,网上购物使购买商品变成一个更加简单的过程。根据句意及空前的far可知,此处应用比较级,故填simpler。2.wandering 非谓语动词 我们再也不必去商店浏览各种各样的物品,在无数的货架旁徘徊,最终决定自己要买的东西。句中已有谓语have t head,此处应用非谓语动词形式;主语We和wander之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词短语作状语,故填wandering。3.descriptin 名词 如今,我们在网上找到我们想要的东西,点击它,查看其详尽的描述。空处应用名词,故填descriptin"描述"。4.exists 时态和主谓一致 此处是there be句型的变形结构,谓语动词的数应与后面的名词的数保持一致;"many a+名词"作主语时,谓语动词用单数;此处陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时。故填exists。
【知识拓展】 谓语动词用单数的情况小结:①表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如:A mere tw miles isn't far t walk.仅仅两英里走着不远。②and连接的两个单数名词作主语,若前面有each, every, n等修饰,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:Each animal and each tree is well tended in the park.公园里的每一个动物、每一棵树都得到了很好的照管。
5.But 连词 但是,我们如何知道出现在我们面前的选择真的是最好的交易以及算法如何帮助或阻碍我们呢?上下文之间存在转折关系,故填But。注意:空处位于句首,首字母要大写。6.t 介词 简单地说,算法是指告诉计算机如何找到解决问题的方法的数学指令。answer t sth."……的方法"是固定搭配,故填t。7.previusly 副词 通过分析我们以前买过或看过的东西,算法可以预测我们最有可能被哪些商品吸引。空处修饰动词bught和lked,应用副词。故填previusly"以前"。8.the 冠词 老实说,对一些人来说,猜测他们的偏好这种想法听起来有点令人担忧。此处特指guessing their preferences这种想法,故填定冠词the。9.t shw 非谓语动词 命令计算机显示我们感兴趣的东西,不仅可以节省我们很多时间,而且可以帮助我们买得合算。rder sb. t d sth."命令某人做某事"是固定用法,故填t shw。 10.whether 状语从句 因此,无论在线上购物还是在实体店购物,都有利有弊。分析句子结构并根据句中的"shpping nline r in physical stres"可知,空处引导让步状语从句,故填whether。
③单数名词作主语,后面紧跟as well as, alng/tgether with, n less than, rather than, but/except, accmpanied by等时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:Jhn, tgether with his brther, has gne t the party.约翰和他兄弟去参加宴会了。④"many a + 名词""mre than ne + 单数名词"作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。但"mre than ne+单数名词"在there be结构中作主语时,谓语动词用单、复数皆可。例如:There is/are mre than ne pssible slutin.可能的解决办法不止一种。
Clze 2话题:中医 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约185 难度:★★★★☆ [2023东北三省三校联合模拟(一)]The Chinese began t accept Western medicine as early as the beginning f the 20th century, 1 Chinese medicine is still in dubt amng mst Western peple. T them, Chinese medicine, like ancient China, is mysterius and beynd ▶2 (believe). Mst f Chinese medicines, ▶3 (be)riginally natural herbs, are made thrugh having these materials simmered(慢慢地煮), rasted, r fried withut having specific standards. This is the main reasn fr 4 they're nt recgnized internatinally. Chinese medicines usually appear in 5 frm f pills, tablets and mst cmmnly herb teas. They are used 6 accunt f their pwer in aid f recvery and they tend t prduce lng-term effects. They might be ▶7 (slw) in curing the patient f disease, but they have less serius side effects even if ▶8 (take) frequently, fr each medicinal herb is prescribed(开处方) fr the benefit f the patient, causing n harm t the liver r the kidneys. It is bvius that n matter hw strange they may seem t Westerners, Chinese medicines ▶9__________(use) fr thusands f years and prve t be extremely effective. It's simply up t us ▶10__________(prmte) the precius heritage.
【解析】 早在20世纪初,中国人就开始接受西医,但大部分西方人仍然对中医持怀疑态度。他们认为中医很神秘,令人难以置信。本文介绍了中医的诸多好处及其有效性。推广中医这一珍贵遗产取决于我们自己。1.but/yet/while 并列连词 中国人早在20世纪初就开始接受西医,但大部分西方人仍然对中医持怀疑态度。根据语境可知,空处前后为转折或对比关系,应用并列连词but/yet/while。2.belief 名词 对他们来说,中医就像古代中国一样,是神秘而令人难以置信的。beynd belief为固定短语,表示"令人难以置信",故填belief。3.being 非谓语动词 句中已有谓语,空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰主语Mst f Chinese medicines,be与主语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词,故填being。4.which 定语从句 此处为"介词+关系代词"引导定语从句,先行词为reasn,关系代词应用which,fr which在从句中作原因状语,相当于关系副词why。故填which。5.the 冠词 中药通常以药丸、片剂和最常见的药草茶的形式出现。根据frm后的f结构可知,此处表示特指,应用定冠词the。6.n 介词 n accunt f为固定搭配,表示"由于,因为",故填介词n。7.slwer 形容词比较级 中药在治疗病人疾病方面速度可能较慢,但即使经常服用,它们的副作用也不那么严重,因为每种草药都是为了病人的利益而开处方的,不会对肝脏或肾脏造成伤害。根据语境可知,此处隐含着中药与西药在治疗病人疾病方面的对比,空处应用比较级形式,故填slwer。8.taken 状语从句的省略 参见上题解析。此处的完整表达为even if they are taken frequently。从句的
主语与主句的主语相同,且从句含有be动词are,因此从句的主语与be动词are可以省略,空处应填taken。9.have been used 时态、语态和主谓一致 很明显,不管在西方人看来有多奇怪,中药已经使用了几千年,而且最终被证明是非常有效的。空处在句中作谓语,根据时间状语fr thusands f years和语境可知,空处应用现在完成时。主语Chinese medicines为复数形式,空处也用复数形式,且主语与动词use为被动关系,应用被动语态。故填have been used。10.t prmte 非谓语动词 推广这一宝贵的遗产完全取决于我们。此处为"It's up t sb. t d sth."固定句型,It在句中作形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式,故填t prmte。
Clze 3话题:南汉村的发展 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约230 难度:★★★★☆ [2023山东济南3月模考]When yu set ft in Nanhan village, Hebei Prvince, yu will be amazed at what yu see. An ancient stne gate first greets yur eyes 1 the entrance t the village. As yu explre it ▶2 (far), rws f ancient buildings and carved drways spring int view. Nanhan has a lng histry f prducing 3 have been widely recgnized as fine crafts (工艺品) at hme and abrad. Althugh there has been back-and-frth in the village develpment, the villagers' craftsmanship has managed t survive the test f time and get ▶4 (carry) frward. With the supprt f lcal authrities, the traditinal crafts business has expanded ver the years and increased the lcals' incme. They have cme t believe that pssessing a handicraft skill can enable them ▶5 (make) a living. Liu Juncha, the yungest craftsman in the village, ▶6 (start) t learn abut craftsmanship at a wrkshp in the village after graduatin frm high schl. He is nw preparing t build a public cultural and creative educatin center t prvide free ▶7 (train) fr yung peple wh are interested in learning handicrafts, and will als use shrt-vide platfrms t release free teaching ▶8 (vide). The village has stepped up supprt fr lcal craftsmen and carried ut educatin fr villagers, s mre peple can cmmit ▶9 (they) t taking up lcal craftsmanship. The idea is t carve ut 10________ new rad f beautiful cuntryside that is ideal fr living, wrking and traveling.
【解析】 本文介绍了以手工艺品而出名的河北南汉村的发展。1.at 介词 在村口,一扇古老的石门首先映入眼帘。在某个"小地点"时,可用介词at。at the entrance意为"在入口处"。故填at。2.further/farther 副词比较级 上文介绍的是村口的石门,下文介绍的是成排的古建筑和雕刻的门廊,此处承上启下,表示"当你再往前探索时",应用副词far的比较级形式,表示"更远,再往前",故填further/farther。3.what 宾语从句 南汉村有着生产在国内外被公认为精美工艺品的产品的悠久历史。空处引导宾语从句,作prducing的宾语,从句中缺少主语,表示"……的事物",应用连接代词what。4.carried 语态 虽然村庄的发展来回反复,但村民的手艺终于经受住了时间的考验,并得以保留。carry sth. frward"保留某物"为固定搭配,分析句子结构可知,此处要用其被动形式,即get carried frward。故填carried。5.t make 非谓语动词 enable sb. t d sth.为固定用法,意为"使某人能够做某事"。故填t make。6.started 时态 根据空后的after graduatin frm high schl可知,此处叙述的是过去的事情,应用一般过去时,故填started。7.training 名词 他目前正在准备建设一个公共文创教育中心,为有兴趣学习手工艺的年轻人提供免费培训,还将利用短视频平台发布免费教学视频。根据空前的形容词free可知,空处应用名词training,意为"培训,训练",为不可数名词。故填training。8.vides 名词复数 参见上题解析。vide为可数名词,其前无限定词,且教学视频不止一个,应用其复数形式,故填vides。
【拓展】以-结尾的名词变复数时，一般规律是:无生命的名词加-s，如radis，phts；有生命的名词加-es，如heres，ptates。部分以-结尾的名词有两种复数形式，既可加-s，又可加-es，如zers/zeres，vlcans/vlcanes，msquits/msquites等。9.themselves 反身代词 cmmit neself t ding sth.为固定搭配,意为"致力于做某事",且从句主语mre peple表示复数概念,应用反身代词的复数形式。故填themselves。10.a 冠词 此处表示"一条新道路",表示泛指,应用不定冠词,且new的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。
Clze 4话题:建造抗旱花园 主题语境:人与自然 词数:约205 难度:★★★★★ When garden designer Jane Gates mved t the Sussex cuntryside in 2015, she fell in lve with a traditinal black barn cnversin(改建的房屋), and set abut creating a drught-resistant garden arund it. 1 she didn't knw was just hw quickly her garden wuld becme relevant t tday's changing climate. Over the years, Gates ▶2 (experiment) with plants that suit this dry and ht place and made sme interesting ▶3 (discver). Surprisingly, sme plants, knwn fr lving water, have prved ▶4__________(adapt) t drught. Others have struggled. Hwever, many plants specifically ▶5____________(chse) fr drught tlerance have enjyed the heat. Gates' garden is a big gravel(砾石) ne. 6 ccasin she stands by the flr-t-ceiling windws and enjys the scene. Gravel ▶7 (use) as a layer(层) fr the plants t grw thrugh, jining the paths with the planting. The feeling is f a relaxing, natural-lking space, with the light clur f the gravel ▶8____________(cmpare) beautifully with the black f the barn. Gates recmmends gravel as a cver n the tp fr 9 reasn that it lcks water in the sil belw in summer, while keeping it away frm plants in winter, which can damage them. This helps sme plants d a bit ▶10 (well) in adapting t climate extremes.
【解析】 文章介绍了园艺设计师Jane Gates搬家到苏塞克斯郡的乡村后建造的适应气候变化的抗旱花园的相关内容。1.What 主语从句 她不知道的是她的花园会在多快的时间内适应如今不断变化的气候。分析句子结构可知,空处引导主语从句,且在从句中作宾语,表示"所……的",故填What。2.has experimented 时态 多年来,Gates尝试找出适合种植在这个炎热干旱的地区的植物并有了一些有趣的发现。根据句中的时间状语"Over the years"可知,此处应用现在完成时,故填has experimented。3.discveries 名词 根据空前的"sme interesting"和句意可知,此处应用名词复数,故填discveries。4.adaptable 形容词 令人惊讶的是,一些以喜水著称的植物被证明对干旱有适应能力。分析句子结构可知,此处考查"prve+adj."结构,故填adaptable。adaptable"能适应的﹐适应性强的"。5.chsen 非谓语动词 但是,许多专门挑选的耐旱植物很享受这种高温。句中已有谓语have enjyed,故此处为非谓语;chse与plants之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词作后置定语。故填chsen。6.On 介词 Gates有时站在落地窗旁欣赏景色。n ccasin是固定搭配,表示"有时,偶尔",故填On。7.is used 时态、语态和主谓一致 此处陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时;Gravel与use之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;主语Gravel为不可数名词,空处应用单数形式。故填is used。
【名师点津】 experiment在此用作动词,表示"尝试,试用"。例如:I experimented until I gt the recipe just right.我不断地尝试,直至找到正合适的烹饪法为止。
8.cmparing 非谓语动词 给人的感觉是一个放松、自然的空间,砾石的浅色与谷仓的黑色形成了很好的对比。此处为with复合结构,cmpare与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系,应用现在分词,故填cmparing。9.the 冠词 Gates建议将砾石覆盖在最上层,因为砾石在夏天可以将水分锁定在下面的土壤中,而在冬天,它会使能让植物腐烂的水分远离植物。fr the reasn that"因为……,由于……"是固定用法,故填定冠词the。10.better 副词比较级 根据语境及句中的比较级修饰词"a bit"可知,此处应用比较级,故填better。
题组2Clze 1话题:女书 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约175 难度:★★★★☆ [2023河北唐山一模]Lcally ▶1 (knw) as "msquit writing", Nvshu lks like dancing Chinese characters at first glance. On ▶2 (clse) inspectin, hwever, it is unreadable t readers f Mandarin(普通话). Nvshu was used by wmen wh lacked access 3 educatin in reading and writing. It enabled them t express themselves freely. It was taught mainly by mthers, 4 daughters then practised amng themselves and friends. Surprisingly, fr hundreds f years, Nvshu remained unknwn utside f Jiangyng. It wasn't until the 1980s 5 Nvshu was learned f by the utside wrld. There are nly a few remains f Nvshu texts, as mst were traditinally buried r burned. ▶6 (lucky), after years f research, ver 95% f all ▶7__________(exist) riginal dcuments written in Nvshu have been cllected and translated. Nw, this little-knwn written language ▶8 (experience) smething f a rebirth. Lcal gvernments are inviting Nvshu specialists t prepare easy-t-understand manuals(手册) ▶9__________(prmte) Nvshu culture as well as stress the need fr its preservatin. Nvshu represents a typical Chinese traditinal female culture and remains an empwering means t appreciate wmen's beauty and ▶10 (strng).
【解析】 本文介绍了女书的相关信息。1.knwn 过去分词 在当地被称为"长脚蚊字"的女书,乍一看就像在跳舞的汉字。句中已有谓语动词,空处应用非谓语动词。be knwn as"被称为……"是固定短语,空处应用过去分词knwn作状语。2.clser 形容词比较级 然而,经更仔细的观察,对普通话读者来说,女书是难以辨认的。此处呼应上文中的"at first glance",表示"经更仔细的观察",空处应用形容词比较级作定语,故填clser。3.t 介词 access t sth."使用或接触某物的机会或权利"为固定搭配,故填t。4.whse 定语从句 女书主要由母亲来教,她们的女儿随后在自己和朋友之间练习。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为mthers,关系代词在从句中作定语,故填whse。5.that 强调句型 直到20世纪80年代,女书才被外界所知。此处为强调句型,被强调部分为时间状语,故填that。6.Luckily 副词 幸运的是,经过多年的研究,所有现存的用女书书写的原始文件中,95%以上都已被收集和翻译。空处应用副词作状语,修饰整个句子,且置于句首,首字母要大写,故填Luckily。7.existing 形容词 参见上题解析。此处用形容词existing作定语,修饰名词dcuments,表示"现存的,现行的"。故填existing。8.is experiencing 时态和主谓一致 现在,这种鲜为人知的书面语言正在经历某种重生。根据时间状语Nw和下文中的"Lcal gvernments are inviting Nvshu specialists"可知,空处应用现在进行时,表示正在进行的动作,且主语为第三人称单数形式,空处也用单数形式,故填is experiencing。9.t prmte 非谓语动词 当地政府正在邀请女书专家编写通俗易懂的手册,以推广女书文化,并强调对
其保护的必要性。根据语境,此处应用动词不定式作目的状语,故填t prmte。10.strength 名词 女书代表了典型的中国传统女性文化,仍然是欣赏女性美丽和力量的有力手段。空处与beauty并列作宾语,应用名词strength"力量",是不可数名词。故填strength。
Clze 2话题:"玉兔二号"探月 主题语境:人与自然 词数:约220 难度:★★★★☆ [2023广东江门模考]It is familiar t us Chinese that the year f 2023 is the Year f the Rabbit, 1__________reminds us f the "rabbit" n the mn, China's Yutu-2 lunar rver(月球车). The Yutu-2 is named 2 the pet rabbit f the Chinese mn gddess Chang'e. On January 3, 2019, the rver was brught t the far side f the mn by China's Chang'e-4 lunar prbe(空间探测器). It was the first-ever sft landing n the ▶3 (previus) uncharted area f the lunar surface. The Chang'e-4 lunar prbe cnsists f a lander and the Yutu-2 rver. Befre its launch, a relay satellite ▶4__________(send) int space in May 2018 t facilitate earth-mn cmmunicatin. S far, the rver has cllected ▶5 (value) data n slar wind, sil, gel-like rcks and dead vlcanes. The data and images sent back by the Yutu-2 have enhanced gegraphy knwledge f the landing site, ▶6 (deepen) understanding f the frmatin and evlutin f the mn. Of the many pictures f the lunar landscape ▶7 (take) by the Yutu-2, ne square bject caused great debate amng peple n Earth. When the rver finally apprached the bject, it turned ut t be 8__________rabbit-shaped rck. What an interesting cincidence! The Yutu-2 ▶9 (travel) mre than 1, 400 meters n the far side f the mn till nw. It will cntinue t uncver mre ▶10 (mystery) f the mn.
【解析】 本文介绍了中国的"玉兔二号"月球车的探月过程及其产生的深远意义。1.which 定语从句 我们中国人都很熟悉2023年是兔年,这让我们想起了月球上的"兔子"——中国的"玉兔二号"月球车。空处引导非限制性定语从句,关系词指代先行词the Year f the Rabbit,并在从句中作主语,故填which。2.after/fr 介词 "玉兔二号"以中国月亮女神嫦娥的宠物兔子命名。be named after/fr是固定搭配,表示"以……的名字命名",故填after/fr。3.previusly 副词 这是第一次软着陆在月球表面的先前未知的区域。空处修饰形容词uncharted,应用副词作状语,故填previusly。4.was sent 时态、语态和主谓一致 在它发射之前,2018年5月,一颗中继卫星被送入太空,可使地月通信更便利。空处在句中作谓语,根据时间状语in May 2018可知,空处应用一般过去时,动词send与a relay satellite是被动关系,应用被动语态,且主语是第三人称单数形式,空处也用单数形式。故填was sent。5.valuable 形容词 到目前为止,该探月车已经收集了关于太阳风、土壤、凝胶状岩石和死火山的宝贵数据。空处修饰名词data,应用形容词valuable"宝贵的"作定语。故填valuable。6.deepening 非谓语动词 "玉兔二号"传回的数据和图像增强了对着陆点的地理认识,加深了对月球形成和演变的理解。空处应用非谓语动词作结果状语,根据语境,此处表示一种自然而然的结果,应用现在分词。故填deepening。7.taken 非谓语动词 在"玉兔二号"拍摄的众多月球景观照片中,有一张方形物体在地球上引起了人们的极大讨论。空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰pictures,动词take与pictures是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词。故填taken。
8.a 冠词 当探月车最终接近该物体时,发现它是一块兔子形状的岩石。此处泛指"一块兔子形状的岩石",应用不定冠词,且rabbit-shaped的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。9.has travelled/traveled 时态和主谓一致 到目前为止,"玉兔二号"已经在月球背面行进了1 400多米。根据时间状语till nw可知,此处应用现在完成时,且主语为第三人称单数,空处也用单数形式,故填has travelled/traveled。10.mysteries 名词复数 它将继续揭开月球的更多奥秘。mystery"奥秘"是可数名词,前面有mre,此处应用名词复数形式。故填mysteries。
Clze 3话题:打树花 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约215 难度:★★★★☆ [2023广东深圳二调]Every year during the Spring Festival, a small twn f Hebei Prvince puts n a special shw. It's abut -15℃, and a man dressed in a straw hat and sheepskin cat ▶1 (thrw) spn after spn f heavy mlten irn(铁水) at a massive, icy wall. The cllisin(碰撞) between the 1,600℃ liquid metal and the frzen brick creates a waterfall f sparks ▶2 (fall) ver him, equally beautiful and dangerus. This is a perfrmance 3 requires extrardinary curage, skill and strength. Knwn as Da Shuhua, it has a histry f 500 years in Nuanquan, a highly-develped steel twn. Da Shuhua translates literally int "beating dwn the tree flwers", 4 agricultural activity f hitting fruit trees t stimulate grwth. In ancient times, firewrks weren't always ▶5 (wide) affrdable. S peple in Nuanquan made use f scrap(废旧) irn and develped Da Shuhua as a way ▶6 (celebrate) festivals. As a result, they brught firewrk displays 7 a whle new level. Tday, Da Shuhua has becme mre ppular than ever, due t ▶8 (ban) n firewrks t reduce air pllutin in sme parts f China. Every year, this unique firewrk display attracts tns f peple in spite f the freezing cld weather 9 draws attentin fr its prtectin. Since 2021, it ▶10 (list) as an intangible cultural heritage f China.
【解析】 本文介绍了每年春节河北的暖泉镇都会表演一个节目——打树花。1.thrws/is thrwing 时态和主谓一致 空处在句中作谓语,根据上文中的"puts n""It's"和下文中的"creates"可知,空处可用一般现在时;根据语境,空处也可用现在进行时,表示正在进行的动作。主语a man为第三人称单数,空处也用单数形式。故填thrws/is thrwing。2.falling 非谓语动词 1 600℃的液态金属和冰冻的砖块之间的碰撞产生了火花瀑布,落在他身上,既美丽又危险。空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰a waterfall f sparks,动词fall与a waterfall f sparks为逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词,故填falling。3.that/which 定语从句 空处引导定语从句,并在从句中作主语,先行词为perfrmance,故填that/which。4.an 冠词 打树花的字面意思是"打下树上的花",这是一种通过击打果树来刺激果树生长的农业活动。此处表示"一种农业活动",空处表示泛指,应用不定冠词,且agricultural的发音以元音音素开头,故填an。5.widely 副词 在古代,烟花并不总是普遍负担得起的。空处修饰形容词affrdable,应用副词。副词widely"普遍地,广泛地"符合语境。故填widely。6.t celebrate 非谓语动词 因此,暖泉的人们利用废铁,发展打树花作为庆祝节日的一种方式。空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰way。根据语境,空处应用动词不定式作定语,说明way的内容,故填t celebrate。7.t 介词 结果,他们把烟花表演带到了一个全新的水平。为固定搭配,表示"把……带到……"。故填t。8.bans 名词复数 ban"禁令,禁止"为可数名词,空前无限定词,且根据语境,此处表示复数意义,应用复数形式。故填bans。
9.and 并列连词 空处与attracts并列作谓语,应用并列连词and。10.has been listed 时态、语态和主谓一致 空处在句中作谓语,根据时间状语Since 2021可知,空处应用现在完成时;主语为it,空处应用单数形式;主语it与动词list之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。故填has been listed。
Clze 4话题:训练机器人发出笑声 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约220 难度:★★★★★ 科技前沿[2023山东日照模考]A rbt has been taught t laugh at jkes t make it mre human. Researchers are using AI t train rbts abut apprpriate laughter, and ▶1 (distinguish) between chuckles and screams. They described ▶2 (wrk) with a rbt called Erica in the hpe f making a cnversatin mre natural. "We think that ne f the imprtant ▶3 (functin) f cnversatinal AI is sympathy," said Dr Kji Inue, a prfessr. "A cnversatin is, f curse, multimdal(多种方式的), nt just respnding crrectly. S we decided that ne way a rbt can empathize(共情) with users is t share their laughter, 4 yu cannt d with a text-based chatbt." Creating a "▶5 (share) laughter" mdel, the researchers used AI t help detect laughter and decide whether t laugh and what kind f laughter wuld be ▶6 (gd). Fur shrt dialgues between real peple and Erica ▶7 (use) t test the system, which perfrmed well. Hwever, the experts said there is mre wrk t d t create ▶8 (true) natural laughter situatins. Dr Inue said, "The rbt shuld actually have 9 distinct character, and it can shw this character thrugh its cnversatinal behavirs, such as laughing, gazes, gestures and speaking styles. It may well take mre than 10 t 20 years befre we can finally have a casual chat 10 a rbt like we wuld with a friend."
【解析】 本文主要介绍了研究人员正在使用人工智能来训练机器人发出恰当的笑声。1.t distinguish 非谓语动词 研究人员正在使用人工智能来训练机器人发出恰当的笑声,并区分低声轻笑和尖叫。use sth. t d sth.为固定用法,表示"用某物做某事"。并列连词and连接两个并列的动词不定式,根据空前的t train可知,空处应填t distinguish。2.wrking 非谓语动词 他们叙述了与一个名为Erica的机器人一起工作的情形,希望能让对话更自然。describe ding sth.为固定用法,表示"叙述做某事",故填wrking。3.functins 名词的数 functin"功能,作用",可作可数名词,根据空前的ne f可知,此处应用名词的复数形式。故填functins。4.which 定语从句 空处引导非限制性定语从句,并在从句中作d的宾语,关系代词指代laughter,故填which。5.shared 非谓语动词 研究人员创建了一个"共享笑声"模型,利用人工智能来帮助发现笑,并决定是否笑,以及什么样的笑会更好。空处应用非谓语动词作前置定语,修饰laughter,动词share与名词laughter之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词,故填shared。
6.better 形容词比较级 参见上题解析。此处表示"更好的",应用形容词比较级形式,故填better。7.were used 时态、语态和主谓一致 研究人员用真人和Erica之间的四段简短对话来测试该系统,该系统表现良好。根据空前的"used"和空后的"perfrmed"可知,此处也应用一般过去时。主语Fur shrt dialgues为复数,且与动词use之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。故填were used。
【知识拓展】 常考的由动词转化而来的形容词小结advanced先进的aged年迈的 delighted快乐的depressed抑郁的devted忠诚的educated有教养的determined坚定的frzen冷藏的hidden隐藏的impressed钦佩injured受伤的learned有学问的mixed混合的mved被感动的ccupied忙于plluted受污染的puzzled困惑的qualified有资格的relaxed放松的satisfied满意的
8.truly 副词 然而,专家们表示,要创造真正自然的笑声状态,还有更多的工作要做。空处应用副词修饰形容词natural,故填truly。9.a 冠词 此处表示"机器人实际上应该有一个独特的性格,它可以通过它的对话行为来表现这个性格,比如笑、凝视、手势和说话风格"。名词character"性格,特点"为可数名词,此处表示泛指,应用不定冠词,且形容词distinct的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。10.with 介词 hava a chat with sb."和某人聊天",故填with。
【知识拓展】 以-e结尾的形容词变副词可分为以下几种情况:①true去-e,高中阶段是唯一:true真正的→truly真正。②-l之后-e变-y,只有whle是例外,去-e再加-ly(whle→whlly):pssible可能→pssibly可能,simple简单的→simply简单地,gentle温柔的→gently温柔地。③其余直接加-ly:extreme极度的→extremely极其,fficial正式的→fficially正式地。
题组3Clze 1话题:垂直农场 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约220 难度:★★★★☆ The setup f the tw friends' agricultural business is ▶1 (usual). Their farm sits next t a gas statin, inside a shipping cntainer where the plants grw n vertically(垂直地) arranged shelves. Their peratin is Malaysia-based and fresh prduce ▶2 (sell) directly t cnsumers in ways that bypass grcery stres, which differs 3 the cnventinal business mdel. Apart frm the gas statin, the shipping cntainer's ther ▶4 (neighbr) are a glf curse and an il palm plantatin. Inside, there are tightly packed shelves with varius vegetables ▶5 (plant) in the liquid, nt sil, and grwing under LED lights. The wallpaper utside shws blue sky and cluds, ▶6__________(bring) t mind the view f an ld-fashined farm. Its emplyees wear rubber glves, surgical masks and white lab cats, 7 walk up and dwn in the narrw passage, as if they were in a hspital. Mr. Sha G.P. said it was quite likely 8 he first became interested in vertical farming after he watched a film The Martian, in which an American astrnaut is stranded(被滞留的) n Mars and learns t grw his wn fd. "Our sales ▶9 (duble) ver the past few mnths. After all, nt many end users are willing t g back t the wet market," said Mr. Shawn Ng. "S I think 10 whle business mdel will cntinue t change."
【解析】 文章介绍了沙·G.P.先生和肖恩·吴先生共同创建的集装箱垂直农场的相关内容。1.unusual 形容词 根据下文中对集装箱垂直农场的介绍可知,这两位友人的农业企业的布置方式非同寻常,故填unusual。unusual"特别的,不寻常的,罕见的"。2.is sld 时态、语态和主谓一致 他们公司的总部在马来西亚,他们绕过了食品杂货店而直接向消费者销售新鲜农产品。此处陈述客观情况,应用一般现在时;sell与fresh prduce之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;prduce"农产品"是不可数名词,谓语动词应用单数。故填is sld。3.frm 介词 根据语境可知,此处表示他们的经营模式与传统的经营模式不同。differ frm是固定搭配,表示"与……不同"。4.neighbrs 名词 除了加油站,这个集装箱的其他邻居是一个高尔夫球场和一个油棕树种植园。根据空前的"ther"和空后的"are"可知,空处应用名词复数形式,故填neighbrs。5.planted 非谓语动词 集装箱内紧密排列着各种蔬菜架子,上面有各种各样的蔬菜,它们被种植在液体中,而不是土壤里,而且在LED灯下生长。分析句子结构可知,此处为with的复合结构;plant与vegetables之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词。故填planted。
6.bringing 非谓语动词 外面的壁纸展示着蓝天和云彩,让人想起老式农场的景色。分析句子结构可知,此处是非谓语动词短语作状语;bring与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系,应用现在分词。故填bringing。
【知识拓展】 动词不定式、分词作状语的用法小结(1)分词作状语时,起副词的作用,修饰谓语动词,表示时间、原因、结果、条件、方式以及伴随情况等。其位置比较灵活,可位于句首、句中或句末。分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。(2)动词不定式作状语时,起副词的作用,表示句中谓语动词动作的目的、结果、原因、程度、条件等。(3)分词作原因状语通常位于句首,以示强调;不定式作原因状语时,不能位于句首,通常只位于不及物动词和表语形容词之后,且不定式的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作。例如:Feeling tired, I lay dwn n the grass.我感到疲劳,就躺在了草地上。He was verjyed t see his stry printed in full.看到他的故事全文出版,他高兴坏了。(4)分词作结果状语时,通常位于句子的主谓结构之后,且常带有therefre,thus等副词,以示强调;不定式作结果状语时主要用于一些固定结构,如"""nly+不定式"等。例如:He didn't cme tday, thus making it necessary fr us t find smene else.今天他没有来,因此我们必须找别人。He was t excited t fall asleep.他激动得睡不着觉。
7.and 连词 该公司的员工戴着橡胶手套、医用口罩,穿着白大褂,在集装箱狭窄的通道里走来走去,就好像他们在医院里一样。前后信息间存在顺承关系,故填并列连词and。8.that 主语从句 沙·G.P.先生说,他第一次对垂直农业产生兴趣很可能是在他看了电影《火星救援》之后,在电影中,一名美国宇航员被滞留在火星上,学会了自己种植食物。分析句子结构可知,it为形式主语,空处引导主语从句,且句子成分完整,故填that。9.have dubled 时态和主谓一致 根据句中的时间状语"ver the past few mnths"可知,此处应用现在完成时;主语为复数形式,空处也用复数形式。故填have dubled。10.the 冠词 此处表示肖恩·吴先生认为整个商业模式将会继续改变。根据语境可知,此处表示特指,故填定冠词the。
【二次精读】 熟词生义:1.curse常用义:n.课程,讲座;进展,进程 文章义:n.高尔夫球场This is an 18-hle curse.这是一个18洞的高尔夫球场。2.passage常用义:n.段落,章节 文章义:n.通道,走廊A dark narrw passage led t the main hall.一条阴暗狭窄的走廊通向大厅。词汇积累:setup n.组织(设置、布置)方式,安排 bypass v.绕过,避开 cnventinal adj.传统的,常规的 mdel n.(某种经济、企业等的)模式,模型;榜样,模范 ld-fashined adj.旧式的,老式的,过时的 duble v.(使)加倍,是……的两倍 end user最终用户,直接用户,终端用户
Clze 2话题:大运河 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约240 难度:★★★★☆ [2023山西晋中模考]The Grand Canal, a great man-made prject cmpleted in ancient China, has witnessed Chinese histry spanning ver 2,500 years. On June 22, 2014, it ▶1 (include) n the UNESCO Wrld Heritage List. Over a thusand years, the Grand Canal has been meandering(蜿蜒) thrugh eight prvinces and cities alng ▶2 (it) curse f abut 3,200 kilmeters and cnnecting five majr rivers, which ▶3 (be) the lngest and ldest canal in the wrld. It is a precius heritage ▶4 (pass) dwn t us by ur ancestrs. In mdern times, as 5 result f scial unrest, climate change, ecnmic change and ther impacts, the Grand Canal has been trubled by a series f prblems such as river channel cut-ffs, water ▶6__________(pllute), and water eclgical damage. It was nce the Chinese peple's dream that the Grand Canal culd be restred t the past glry. Since the beginning f the new era, many places alng the Grand Canal have launched eclgical restratin prjects. While maintaining the riginal frm f the river curse, they have fcused 7 scientific prtectin and cultural heritage, ▶8 (highlight) the cultural, histrical and eclgical value f the Grand Canal. On April 28, 2022, the Grand Canal was refilled with water fr the first time in a century, after a 14-day
water-supply prject. With ▶9 (far) develpment f the prject, the Grand Canal has gradually restred the past shipping capacity. Bat turs 10 carg(货物) transprtatin have becme available alng the curse. The "Glden Waterway" turns clean and lively again.
【解析】 本文主要介绍了大运河的状况,包括其历史变迁及新时代的新面貌。1.was included 时态、语态和主谓一致 分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作谓语,根据时间状语"On June 22, 2014"可知,此处应用一般过去时;主语it与动词include之间为被动关系,应用被动语态,且空处应用单数形式。故填was included。2.its 形容词性物主代词 一千多年来,大运河沿着近3 200公里的河道,蜿蜒流经8个省市,连接了5条主要河流,是世界上最长、最古老的运河。分析句子成分可知,空后有名词curse,此处应填形容词性物主代词its。3.is 时态和主谓一致 参见上题解析。在which引导的非限制性定语从句中,空处作谓语,which指代先行词the Grand Canal,在从句中作主语,空处应用单数形式,且此处说明的是大运河的客观情况,应用一般现在时,故填is。4.passed 过去分词 这是我们祖先传给我们的宝贵遗产。空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰heritage,动词pass与heritage之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词,故填passed。5.a 冠词 在现代,由于社会动荡、气候变化、经济变化和其他影响,大运河被河道断流、水污染、水生态破坏等一系列问题所困扰。as a result f为固定短语,意为"由于"。故填a。6.pllutin 名词 参见上题解析。根据语境可知,此处表示"水污染",与句中的river channel cut-ffs和water eclgical damage并列作such as的宾语,空处应填名词pllutin,是不可数名词。7.n 介词 fcus n为固定搭配,表示"集中(注意力、精力等)于"。故填n。8.highlighting 现在分词 他们在保持河道原始形态的同时,关注科学保护和文化遗产,突出大运河的文
化、历史和生态价值。主句的谓语是"have fcused n",空处应用非谓语动词作伴随状语,主语they与动词highlight之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词,故填highlighting。9.further 形容词比较级 随着工程的进一步发展,大运河逐渐恢复了过去的运输能力。根据句意可知,此处表示"随着工程的进一步发展",表示抽象的"进一步",应用far的比较级further。故填further。10.and 并列连词 根据句子的谓语部分"have becme available"可知,Bat turs和carg transprtatin并列作主语,故填and。
Clze 3话题:羌绣 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约225 难度:★★★★☆ [2023吉林省吉林市三调]Qiang embridery(羌绣) has a lng and rich histry, dating back t the Han Dynasty, 1 it was adpted fr use n clthing. It makes use f many kinds f stitches(针法) and ▶2__________(usual) is practised by wmen. A pair f embridered shes can take as lng as ten days t prduce, making the practice a test f bth skill and patience. Chen Yunzhen, frm Beichuan Qiang Autnmus Cunty in Sichuan Prvince, ▶3 (be) a master f Qiang embridery. As part f her effrts t stp the endangered technique frm ▶4__________(appear), Chen began visiting the surrunding regins t teach embridery. In 2014, she established a Qiang embridery wrkshp that has since prvided free training t ver 20,000 peple. ▶5 (breathe) new life int Qiang embridery, Chen has cntinued t keep 6 pen mind, intrducing new prducts like persnal accessries, ntebks and bags in additin t the traditinal clthes. Chen's tw daughters returned t their hmetwn t help supprt her effrts after graduating frm university. With her daughters' yuthful sense f ▶7 (innvate), Chen has cmbined metalwrk and Qiang embridery t create earrings, rings and necklaces ppular 8 yung cnsumers. She is als cnsidering live streaming t prmte her handmade prducts. Accrding t Chen, the Qiang peple d nt have a ▶9 (write) language, s Qiang embridery must ▶10 (preserve)and develped as part f effrts t sustain its culture.
【解析】 本文主要介绍了羌绣的历史、特点,以及羌绣传承人陈云珍为传承与发扬这一传统文化所作的努力。1.when 定语从句 羌绣有着悠久而丰富的历史,可以追溯到汉代,当时它被用于服装上。空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,先行词Han Dynasty表示时间,空处在从句中作时间状语,故填when。2.usually 副词 空处用副词usually作状语,修饰谓语is practised,意为"通常"。故填usually。3.is 时态和主谓一致 陈云珍,来自四川省北川羌族自治县,是一位羌绣能手。此处描述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,主语Chen Yunzhen是第三人称单数形式,故填is。4.disappearing 动名词 此处表示"阻止这种濒危技艺消失",应用动词disappear,表示"消失,不复存在";stp sth.frm ding sth.为固定用法,空处应用动名词作宾语,故填disappearing。5.T breathe 动词不定式 为了给羌绣注入新的活力,陈云珍一直保持开明的思想,除了传统服装之外,还推出了个人配饰、笔记本和包包等新产品。根据语境可知,此处应用动词不定式表目的,且空处位于句首,首字母大写。故填T breathe。breathe new life int sth.为固定搭配,表示"为某事物注入新的活力"。6.an 冠词 参见上题解析。keep an pen mind为固定短语,意为"愿意聆听(或接受)意见,不怀成见,思想开明",故填an。7.innvatin 名词 凭借女儿们年轻的创新意识,陈云珍将金属制品和羌绣结合在一起,创作出深受年轻消费者欢迎的耳环、戒指和项链。空处用名词作宾语,innvatin意为"创新",是不可数名词,a sense f innvatin意为"创新意识"。故填innvatin。8.amng/with 介词 be ppular amng/with sb.为固定搭配,意为"受某人欢迎",故填amng/with。
9.written 形容词 据陈(云珍)介绍,羌族没有书面语言,因此羌族刺绣必须得到保护和发展,作为保留羌族文化的一部分。根据语境,此处应用形容词written作定语,意为"书面的"。故填written。10.be preserved 语态 动词preserve与Qiang embridery为被动关系,应用被动语态,空前是情态动词must,故填be preserved。
Clze 4话题:气候危机对贫困国家的影响 主题语境:人与自然 词数:约265 难度:★★★★★ [2023湖北十堰调研]The climate crisis has reached new levels f destructin this year fr millins f peple in pr cuntries that didn't cause the prblem, ▶1 (lead) t lsses s huge that it is hard fr many in richer cuntries t even understand. Fr nearly three decades, the cuntries mst affected by climate disasters have asked wealthy cuntries t help them pay fr the damage, nly t be paid lip service. At the annual United Natins climate cnference this week, the issue is frmally 2 the agenda, a breakthrugh in itself. ▶3 (encuraging), a small number f wealthy cuntries have prmised t give mney despite small amunts. These cntributins are welcme, althugh they are nt the kind f funding ▶4 (seek) by prer cuntries—sme cuntries reallcate funds frm ther pts f climate finance, r put mney tward ▶5__________(insure) r early warning systems. What these cuntries ▶6 (call)fr ver the past decades, and urgently need, is a cllective funding stream within the United Natins 7 helps them recver frm devastating lsses that result frm disasters, rising seas and ther climate impacts. It's nt 8 matter f charity. Taking actin is firmly in rich cuntries' wn interests. As climate change ▶9 (bear) dwn, mre factries and prts arund the wrld will clse, devastating(毁灭) glbal supply chains. Fd prices will rise. Mre peple will be displaced, which will cause additinal migratin crises. Cnflict will grw mre likely as peple fight ver land and water. The cnsequences will
destabilize(使动摇) even the ▶10 (strng) ecnmies. Preventing that utcme nw, by financing recvery frm climate damage, will ensure a mre stable future fr everyne.
【解析】 气候危机对贫困国家造成的恶劣影响达到了新的水平。这一问题也正式提上了联合国气候大会的日程之上,一少部分发达国家承诺为此提供资金,尽管数量并不太大。1.leading 非谓语动词 结合语境和句子结构可知,空处应用非谓语动词作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果和主谓关系,故填现在分词leading。2.n 介词 n the agenda是固定搭配,意为"在议事日程上", 故填n。3.Encuragingly 词形转换 空处所填词位于句首,修饰后面的整个句子,故空处填副词Encuragingly。4.sught 非谓语动词 分析句子结构可知,空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰the kind f funding。seek与the kind f funding是逻辑上的动宾关系,且此处不强调时间概念,故应用过去分词sught。【积累】bring→brught→brught、buy→bught→bught、fight→fught→fught、think→thught→thught、seek→sught→sught、catch→caught→caught、teach→taught→taught。5.insurance 词形转换 空处与systems并列作介词tward的宾语,故用不可数名词insurance。6.have called/have been calling 时态和主谓一致 分析句子结构和语境可知,空处在主语从句中作谓语,根据时间状语ver the past decades可知,此处可用现在完成时,也可用现在完成进行时。从句的主语为复数名词,空处应用复数形式,故填have called/have been calling。7.that/which 定语从句 空处引导定语从句,并在从句中作主语,先行词为a cllective funding stream within the United Natins,故填that/which。8.a 冠词 "It's(nt) a matter f..."为固定句型,意为"这(不)是关乎……的问题", 故填a。
9.bears 时态和主谓一致 As引导时间状语从句,空处在从句中作谓语,主句使用一般将来时,从句应用一般现在时表示将来;从句主语为climate change,空处应用单数形式。故填bears。bear dwn"冲向,咄咄逼近"。10.strngest 形容词最高级 结合语境可知,此处表示最高级意义,故填strngest。
【考法攻略】 有提示词类设题模型
→看所给动词与名词在逻辑上构成的关系
→看所给动词与句子主语在逻辑上构成的关系
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