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2024年高考押题预测卷01（广东山东卷）英语（解析版）
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这是一份2024年高考押题预测卷01（广东山东卷）英语（解析版），共20页。
英 语
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
MUSICAL HERITAGES FROM ANCIENT CHINA
Since remte antiquity, Chinese peple have used music t recrd their lives and describe the ideals in their hearts. Catchy tunes are nt nly played n precius instruments, but als visualized in carvings, paintings, and buildings. Feel free t explre here!
Han Dynasty (202 BC-AD 220)
This perid marked the significant develpment f the manufacturing f gugin and its music. The example unearthed frm the Mawangdui Han Dynasty Tmb in Changsha, Hunan prvince, prves that gugin had develped int the frm knwn tday during that perid. It shws 7 strings and 13 markers indicating the pressing psitins f vertne series.
Nrthern Wei Dynasty (386-534)
Buddhism and its musical culture spread extensively during this perid. Buddhist temples prvided places fr musical activities, which were recrded in. many f the-existing stne carvings. Lcated in Gngyi, Henan prvince, the Grtl Temple is-famus fr its reliefs representing musical events. They are precius histrical materials reflecting the music characteristics f the dynasty.
Sng Dynasty (960-1279)
With ecnmic develpment, a variety f musical cultures emerged t meet the entertainment needs f different scial classes. Part f the painting Life alng the Bian River al the Pure Brightness Festival vividly reveals a strytelling perfrmance. The painter adpted delicate techniques t truly recrd a street perfrmer, whse superb skills are reflected by each listener’s shw f appreciatin.
Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)
At this time, traditinal Chinese peras develped rapidly, prmting the frmatin f many singing styles. Peple began t enjy peras and drama stages were built. Cvering a cnstructin area f mre than 160 square meters, the Fancun village drama stage in Shanxi prvince prvides rich materials fr the study f the lcal flk culture.
1．Which heritage wuld a fan f classical instruments explre?
A．The Ming Dynasty drama stage.B．The Sng Dynasty painting.
C．The Nrthern Wei Dynasty temple.D．The Han Dynasty tmb.
2．What cntributed t the diversity f Sng Dynasty musical cultures?
A．Ecnmy.B．Plitics.C．Religin.D．Technlgy.
3．Which perid witnessed the bm f Chinese peras?
A．Han Dynasty.B．Nrthern Wei Dynasty.
C．Sng Dynasty.D．Ming Dynasty.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D
【导语】
这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了中国古代的音乐遗产。
1．细节理解题。根据Han Dynasty (202 BC-AD 220)部分中“This perid marked the significant develpment f the manufacturing f gugin and its music. The example unearthed frm the Mawangdui Han Dynasty Tmb in Changsha, Hunan prvince, prves that gugin had develped int the frm knwn tday during that perid.(这一时期标志着古琴制造及其音乐的重大发展。湖南长沙马王堆汉墓出土的例子证明，古琴在那个时期已经发展成今天所知的形式)”可知，汉朝标志着古琴制造及其音乐的重大发展，湖南长沙马王堆汉墓出土的例子能够证明，故古典乐器爱好者会探索马王堆汉墓，故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据Sng Dynasty (960-1279)部分中“With ecnmic develpment, a variety f musical cultures emerged t meet the entertainment needs f different scial classes.(随着经济的发展，各种各样的音乐文化应运而生，以满足不同社会阶层的娱乐需求)”可知，经济因素促成了宋代音乐文化的多样性，故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)部分中“At this time, traditinal Chinese peras develped rapidly, prmting the frmatin f many singing styles.(在这个时期，中国传统戏曲发展迅速，促进了许多演唱风格的形成)”可知，中国戏剧的繁荣发生在明朝，故选D。
B
I started a “questin f the day” sectin in a family text grup. We’d talk abut everything frm mvies t plitics. But despite several warnings frm lved nes that sme f my respnses were judgmental and that I was t quick t attack an pinin, I all but killed that grup text. It had a gd 12 peple in it. We’d shared laughs, encuragement, and funny memes (表情包). It tk nly ne cnversatin — which I was in the middle f — t end it.
I realized that I had a prblem. The medium fr my prblem is the smartphne. Befre smartphnes enabled instant cmmunicatin, peple talked n the telephne. In persn, yu culd cut in a “What d yu mean by that?” t crrect a misunderstanding befre it gt ut f hand. Dn’t get me wrng: I lve a gd grup text. It makes me feel cnnected t peple in a way that I just can’t seem t anymre, nw that I have a wife and kids.
I’m learning, but I had a relapse (复发) recently. I jined a new text grup. I intrduced my “questin f the day” feature. I fled myself int thinking that I was encuraging a healthy debate n current events. N. Others in the grup saw it as me trying t prve that my way was the right way. Then I made the mistake f sharing sme persnal infrmatin that ne friend had tld me during a phne cnversatin. I thught everyne knew. Then this friend started referring t me as a snitch — nt terms f kind wrd. S I asked him abut it — in persn. That’s when he tld me I’d shared sensitive infrmatin he hadn’t tld anyne else. I aplgized plentifully and came away frm the cnversatin mre determined t slw dwn my texts.
My new reslve seems t be wrking. Yu shuld be pleased t knw that I have avided making a few pints that I was tempted (鼓动) t make in individual and grup texts. In sme cases, I didn’t even respnd. I haven’t lst any mre cnnectins by ding this.
4．Hw des the authr intrduce the tpic?
A．By making judgments n plitics.B．By respnding t sme text messages.
C．By presenting a persnal experience.D．By starting a funny cnversatin.
5．What prblem des the authr have in digital cmmunicatin?
A．Ignring the need t listen t thers.B．Making quick and sharp respnses.
C．Failing t express himself timely.D．Fcusing n the issues f his wn.
6．Why was the authr attacked by his friend in the text grup?
A．He gave away the privacy f his friend.
B．He always made mistakes n current events.
C．He made a fl f himself in chatting.
D．He liked enquiring persnal infrmatin.
7．What des the authr learn frm his experience?
A．Hurry makes waste.B．Understanding each ther is vital.
C．Smetimes fast is just t fast.D．Trust is the bridge f cmmunicatin.
【答案】4．C 5．B 6．A 7．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过个人经历反思了智能手机和即时通讯带来的沟通问题，特别是在群聊中容易引发误解和冲突，了解到自己的不当行为对他人造成的影响，进而决定改变自己在短信交流中的方式，更加谨慎地对待信息分享和回应速度，以维护人际关系和促进有效的沟通。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段的“I started a “questin f the day” sectin in a family text grup. We’d talk abut everything frm mvies t plitics. But despite several warnings frm lved nes that sme f my respnses were judgmental and that I was t quick t attack an pinin, I all but killed that grup text.(我在一个家庭短信群里开了一个“每日问题”版块。我们无所不谈，从电影到政治。但是，尽管我的亲人多次警告我，说我的一些回复带有评判性，而且我太急于攻击别人的观点，我还是差点取消了那条群发短信。)”和第二段“I realized that I had a prblem. The medium fr my prblem is the smartphne.(我意识到我有问题了。我的问题的媒介是智能手机。)”可知，作者通过个人经历引入了本文的主题。故选C。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段的“I was t quick t attack an pinin(我太急于反驳一个观点了)”和倒数第二段的“I aplgized plentifully and came away frm the cnversatin mre determined t slw dwn my texts.(我再三道歉，然后离开了谈话，下定决心放慢我发短信的速度。)”可知，作者的问题是在群组讨论中，急于反驳他人的观点，对于分享信息不谨慎等，故选B。
6．推理判断题。结合第三段的“Then I made the mistake f sharing sme persnal infrmatin that ne friend had tld me during a phne cnversatin. I thught everyne knew. Then this friend started referring t me as a snitch — nt terms f kind wrd.(然后我犯了一个错误，分享了一个朋友在电话中告诉我的一些个人信息。我以为每个人都知道。然后这个朋友开始说我是告密者——这可不是什么好话。)”可知，作者的一位朋友在群组中攻击作者，是因为作者在群里说出了他和朋友之间私下交流的内容，故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据第一段的“I was t quick t attack an pinin(我太急于反驳一个观点了)”和倒数第二段的“I aplgized plentifully and came away frm the cnversatin mre determined t slw dwn my texts.(我再三道歉，然后离开了谈话，下定决心放慢我发短信的速度。)”可知，作者通过在一次家庭群聊中的经历意识到自己的问题在于急于反驳他人的观点，因此作者从他的经历中学到的是有时候就是太快了，故选C。
C
High in the Swiss Alps and the Arctic, scientists have discvered micrbes (微生物) that can digest plastics — imprtantly, withut the need t apply extra heat. Their findings, published in the jurnal Frntiers in Micrbilgy, culd ne day imprve plastic recycling.
It’s n secret that plastic pllutin is still a big, glbal issue. Since its prductin explded during and after Wrld War II, humans have created mre than 9.1 billin tns f plastic — and researchers estimate that less than ne tenth f the resulting waste has been recycled. T make matters wrse, the mst cmmn recycling ptin — when plastic is washed, prcessed and turned int new prducts — desn’t actually reduce waste: The recycled materials are ften f lwer quality and might later end up in a landfill all the same.
S, researchers are lking fr slutins t the plastics prblem that g beynd cnventinal recycling — and ne prcess they’ve experimented with is breaking dwn plastics using micrbes. But the knwn plastic-digesting micrbes can nly d s at warm temperatures abve 85 degrees Fahrenheit. When dne at an industrial scale, the amunt f energy needed t generate that much heat makes the prcess give ff mre carbn —and cst mre mney.
But the micrbes fund in the Arctic and Swiss Alps can functin at cler temperatures: They were able t break dwn bidegradable (可生物降解的) plastics at 59 degrees Fahrenheit. In the new study, c-authr Jel Rüthi and his clleagues discvered that f the ttal 34 types f micrbes examined,19 were successfully able t break dwn a frm f plastic called plyester-plyurethane, and 17 culd break dwn tw types f bidegradable plastic mixtures.
Unfrtunately, the plastics that the micrbes partially degraded represent a “really small amunt f plastics in circulatin,” said Gavin Lear, an envirnmental micrbilgist, wh was nt invlved in the study. Lear acknwledged that using natural micrbes can prvide a head start when it cmes t designing a strategy fr bi-recycling. If we mve away frm the cnventinal nn-bidegradable materials, “and we start t use mre f these bidegradable plastics, then it’s gd that we knw hw t degrade them mre quickly s they’re less f an envirnmental prblem,” he cncluded.
8．What d we knw abut the cnventinal recycling?
A．It des nt live up t expectatins.B．It cntributes t mre waste.
C．It is nt as ppular as befre.D．It ensures new prduct quality.
9．Which best describes the methd f using the micrbes in the previus studies?
A．Impractical.B．PineeringC．Reliable.D．Invaluable.
10．Why is the new study mentined in paragraph 4?
A．T prve the micrbes have an bvius taste preference.
B．T shw the finding pens drs t a mre efficient system.
C．T clarify hw the prcess f breaking dwn plastics wrks.
D．T explain why bi-recycling is better than cnventinal recycling.
11．What d the underlined wrds “head start” in paragraph 5 mean?
A．Reward.B．Criterin.C．Prtectin.D．Advantage.
【答案】8．A 9．A 10．B 11．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。在瑞士阿尔卑斯山和北极的高处，科学家们发现了可以消化塑料的微生物——重要的是，不需要额外的加热。他们的研究结果发表在《微生物学前沿》杂志上，有朝一日可能会改善塑料回收。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“T make matters wrse, the mst cmmn recycling ptin — when plastic is washed, prcessed and turned int new prducts — desn’t actually reduce waste: The recycled materials are ften f lwer quality and might later end up in a landfill all the same.(更糟糕的是，最常见的回收选择——将塑料清洗、加工并变成新产品——实际上并没有减少浪费：回收的材料通常质量较低，最终可能还是会被扔进垃圾填埋场)”可知，传统的回收没有达到人们的期望。故选A。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段“S, researchers are lking fr slutins t the plastics prblem that g beynd cnventinal recycling — and ne prcess they’ve experimented with is breaking dwn plastics using micrbes. But the knwn plastic-digesting micrbes can nly d s at warm temperatures abve 85 degrees Fahrenheit. When dne at an industrial scale, the amunt f energy needed t generate that much heat makes the prcess give ff mre carbn —and cst mre mney.(因此，研究人员正在寻找超越传统回收的塑料问题的解决方案，他们已经试验了一种方法，即用微生物分解塑料。但已知的塑料消化微生物只能在85华氏度以上的温暖温度下进行。当在工业规模上进行时，产生这么多热量所需的能量会使该过程释放更多的碳，并花费更多的钱)”可推知，之前研究中使用微生物的方法是不切实际的。故选A。
10．推理判断题。根据第四段“But the micrbes fund in the Arctic and Swiss Alps can functin at cler temperatures: They were able t break dwn bidegradable (可生物降解的) plastics at 59 degrees Fahrenheit. In the new study, c-authr Jel Rüthi and his clleagues discvered that f the ttal 34 types f micrbes examined,19 were successfully able t break dwn a frm f plastic called plyester-plyurethane, and 17 culd break dwn tw types f bidegradable plastic mixtures.(但在北极和瑞士阿尔卑斯山发现的微生物可以在更低的温度下工作：它们能够在59华氏度的温度下分解可生物降解的塑料。在这项新研究中，合著者Jel Rüthi和他的同事们发现，在总共34种被检测的微生物中，19种能够成功地分解一种叫做聚酯聚氨酯的塑料，17种可以分解两种可生物降解的塑料混合物)”可知，新发现检测到微生物可以分解更多的塑料，结合第三段提到之前研究中使用微生物的方法是不切实际的，可推知，第4段提到了这项新研究是为了表明这一发现为更有效的系统打开了大门。故选B。
11．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“If we mve away frm the cnventinal nn-bidegradable materials, “and we start t use mre f these bidegradable plastics, then it’s gd that we knw hw t degrade them mre quickly s they’re less f an envirnmental prblem,” he cncluded.(如果我们不再使用传统的不可生物降解的材料，“我们开始更多地使用这些可生物降解的塑料，那么我们知道如何更快地降解它们，从而减少环境问题，这是件好事，”他总结道)”可知，Gavin Lear提到如果我们不再使用传统的不可生物降解的材料，我们开始更多地使用这些可生物降解的塑料，那么我们知道如何更快地降解它们，从而减少环境问题，由此说明使用天然微生物具有良好的优势。故划线词意思是“优势”。故选D。
D
Why d children learn s quickly? Is it simply a necessity, r is a child’s brain mre capable f taking in new infrmatin than an adult’s brain?
“It is a cmmn way f thinking that ‘children are like spnges’ and have the magical ability t learn new skills faster than an adult, but there are sme miscnceptins here, “ said Debbie Raven, a researcher at the University f Chester. “A child’s cgnitive (认知的) develpment is age-related and, naturally, children perfrm wrse than their lder peers in mst areas. Hwever, there are times when being yung brings an advantage, and this is especially true arund their earliest years.
This advantage is largely due t neurplasticity, meaning the brain’s ability t frm and change its cnnectins, pathways and wiring based n experiences. Neurplasticity is what gives children the capacity t learn-and, if necessary, unlearn-habits, rutines, appraches and actins very quickly. This ability is mst cnstant and rapid befre a child’s fifth birthday, when much f what they encunter r experience is nvel. “This ability t learn quickly is cnnected t several areas, including plasticity, their experiences with adults, their envirnment, and their bilgical drive t explre, “ Raven said. “Childhd is a place where children spend their time catching up with adults’ mre sphisticated abilities. “
Language learning, in particular, is an area where children ften have a huge advantage ver adults. This is largely because “babies are able t tune in t the rhythm and sunds used in their native language, and can therefre becme fluent speakers by the age f fur. “This ability can help yung children learn a secnd r third language with apparent ease, Raven said.
In a research paper, the authrs suggest that “human babies are brn seeing and hearing linguistic infrmatin that lder children and adults miss, althugh they lse this ability with mre experience in their envirnments. Mrever, babies can “discriminate speech sunds and tnes used in al f the wrld’s languages, making them pen t al input, regardless f the linguistic envirnment they are brn int.
12．Why des Raven make the remarks in paragraph 2?
A．T prve a new thery.B．T share persnal experience.
C．T crrect a wrng belief.D．T slve lng-held cnfusin.
13．What’s ne feature f “neurplasticity”?
A．It enables children t break a habit quickly.
B．It accmpanies a persn all thrugh his life.
C．It is entirely based n a kid’s past experiences.
D．It disappears sn after a child’s fifth birthday.
14．What impacts kids’ quick learning ability accrding t Raven?
A．Their brain structure.B．Their habits and rutines.
C．Their parents’ experiences.D．Their inbrn desire t explre.
15．What des the authr mainly talk abut in the last tw paragraphs?
A．Why children are talented language learners.
B．What are the prper ways f learning languages.
C．When is the best time t learn freign languages.
D．Hw envirnments can influence language learning.
【答案】12．C 13．A 14．D 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要分析了孩子们学得快的原因，并解释了孩子为什么在语言学习领域有天赋。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段中的““It is a cmmn way f thinking that ‘children are like spnges’ and have the magical ability t learn new skills faster than an adult, but there are sme miscnceptins here, “ said Debbie Raven, a researcher at the University f Chester. “A child’s cgnitive (认知的) develpment is age-related and, naturally, children perfrm wrse than their lder peers in mst areas. (切斯特大学的研究员黛比·拉文说：“人们普遍认为，‘孩子就像海绵’，有比成年人更快地学习新技能的神奇能力，但这里也存在一些误解。孩子的认知发展与年龄有关，理所当然地，孩子在大多数领域的表现都比年长的同龄人差。)”可知，研究员黛比·拉文发表评论是为了纠正一个错误的信仰——孩子有比成年人更快地学习新技能的神奇能力。而实际上孩子的认知发展与年龄有关。故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Neurplasticity is what gives children the capacity t learn-and, if necessary, unlearn-habits, rutines, appraches and actins very quickly. (神经可塑性使儿童有能力学习，并在必要时迅速忘记习惯、惯例、方法和行动。)”可知，“神经可塑性”的一个特点是它能使孩子们很快改掉一个习惯。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段中的““This ability t learn quickly is cnnected t several areas, including plasticity, their experiences with adults, their envirnment, and their bilgical drive t explre, “ Raven said. (拉文说：“这种快速学习的能力与几个方面有关，包括可塑性、与成年人相处的经历、环境和天生的探索动力。)”可知，拉文认为，孩子与生俱来的探索欲望影响了孩子的快速学习能力。故选D。
15．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段中的“Language learning, in particular, is an area where children ften have a huge advantage ver adults. This is largely because …(尤其是在语言学习领域，儿童往往比成年人具有巨大优势。这在很大程度上是因为……)”以及最后一段的“In a research paper, the authrs suggest that “human babies are brn seeing and hearing linguistic infrmatin that lder children and adults miss, althugh they lse this ability with mre experience in their envirnments. (在一篇研究论文中，作者提出，“人类婴儿在出生时就看到和听到了年龄较大的儿童和成年人错过的语言信息，尽管他们在环境中有了更多的经验后就失去了这种能力。)”可知，作者在最后两段主要讲到为什么孩子在语言学习领域往往比成年人具有巨大优势，即为什么孩子是有天赋的语言学习者。故选A。
第二节（共5小题：每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分）
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Hw t Chse Yur Purpse-Filled Career
When yu think abut chsing a career, yu ften d it in the fllwing tw ways.
Think abut what yu like t d. If yu like writing r ding crafts, yu might cnsider these things. This is nt a bad way t g, f curse, but yu can’t always make mney ding things yu like (like vide games r drinking beer). 16
Think abut a well-paid jb that yu can d and desn’t sund s bad. 17 Or maybe that’s ut f yur educatinal reach, s yu chse ffice r retail wrker. These are all great chices. But ften they are nt smething yu’re really passinate abut. It’s kind f like just ding smething because it’s there——nt very inspired.
18 Try t d smething t serve a cmmunity r make the wrld better. Fr example, taking care f children, because yu really want t help children get a great start in life, r blssm int wh they want t be r getting int gvernment r scial wrk t imprve the cnditins f the cmmunity yu live in r becming a scientist t help ease the envirnmental crisis r find a cure fr a terrible disease. 19 And if yu chse ne f them fr that purpse, yu will serve in that wrk feeling a sense f purpse each day.
20 The pint isn’t hw yu serve the wrld, but just serving the wrld in sme way will help yu feel filled with purpse. If yu chse a purpseful and enjyable jb, yu’re always further alng than mst peple.
A．There are endless ways t d that.
B．Maybe a dctr, engineer r lawyer?
C．Hwever, there’s anther way that is perhaps better.
D．Yu are dreaming f a well-paid jb which yu like best.
E．It’s essential nt t cncentrate n interests and gd payment.
F．Each f these is just ne f many pssibilities filled with purpse.
G．And smetimes things yu like are better as a hbby r side passin.
【答案】16．G 17．B 18．C 19．F 20．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍如何选择对你富有意义的职业。
16．分析设空，设空位于段尾，是对前文的总结。根据前文“Think abut what yu like t d. If yu like writing r ding crafts, yu might cnsider these things. This is nt a bad way t g, f curse, but yu can’t always make mney ding things yu like (like vide games r drinking beer).(想想你喜欢做什么。如果你喜欢写作或做手工，你可以考虑这些事情。当然，这不是一种坏的方式，但你不可能总是通过做你喜欢的事情(比如电子游戏或喝啤酒)来赚钱)”可知，本段是在讲述可以把自己喜欢的事作为职业，但是不是所有喜欢的事情都可以，所以G项“And smetimes things yu like are better as a hbby r side passin.(有时候把你喜欢的事情当成爱好或副业会更好)”是对前文的总结，符合本段主题。故选G项。
17．根据前文“Think abut a well-paid jb that yu can d and desn’t sund s bad.(想一份你能做而且听起来不那么糟糕的高薪工作)”以及后文“Or maybe that’s ut f yur educatinal reach, s yu chse ffice r retail wrker.(或者，这可能超出了你的教育范围，所以你选择了办公室或零售工人)”可知，空处应是一个过渡句，从提出一个方法到具体的职业选择，再根据后文可知，空处的职业对教育要求高，所以B项“Maybe a dctr, engineer r lawyer?(也许是医生、工程师或律师？)”符合文意。故选B项。
18．分析设空，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Try t d smething t serve a cmmunity r make the wrld better. Fr example, taking care f children, because yu really want t help children get a great start in life, r blssm int wh they want t be r getting int gvernment r scial wrk t imprve the cnditins f the cmmunity yu live in r becming a scientist t help ease the envirnmental crisis r find a cure fr a terrible disease.(试着为社区服务或让世界变得更美好。例如，照顾孩子，因为你真的想帮助孩子们有一个美好的人生开端，或者成为他们想成为的人，或者进入政府或社会工作，改善你所居住的社区的条件，或者成为一名科学家，帮助缓解环境危机，或者找到治愈一种可怕疾病的方法)”可知，这里是在介绍另一种选择职业的方法，所以C项“Hwever, there’s anther way that is perhaps better.(然而，还有另一种可能更好的方法)”符合本段主题。故选C项。
19．根据前文“Fr example, taking care f children, because yu really want t help children get a great start in life, r blssm int wh they want t be r getting int gvernment r scial wrk t imprve the cnditins f the cmmunity yu live in r becming a scientist t help ease the envirnmental crisis r find a cure fr a terrible disease.(例如，照顾孩子，因为你真的想帮助孩子们有一个美好的人生开端，或者成为他们想成为的人，或者进入政府或社会工作，改善你所居住的社区的条件，或者成为一名科学家，帮助缓解环境危机，或者找到治愈一种可怕疾病的方法)”以及后文“And if yu chse ne f them fr that purpse, yu will serve in that wrk feeling a sense f purpse each day.(如果你选择其中的一个作为你的目标，你每天都会有一种使命感)”可知，空处应是一个过渡句，从介绍职业，到这么做的好处，所以F项“Each f these is just ne f many pssibilities filled with purpse.(这些都只是许多充满目的的可能性之一)”符合文意，起到过渡作用。故选F项。
20．分析设空，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“The pint isn’t hw yu serve the wrld, but just serving the wrld in sme way will help yu feel filled with purpse. If yu chse a purpseful and enjyable jb, yu’re always further alng than mst peple.(关键不在于你如何为世界服务，而在于以某种方式为世界服务会让你充满目标感。如果你选择了一份目标明确、令人愉快的工作，你总是比大多数人走得更远)”可知，本段是文章的最后一段，应该做出总结，所以A项“There are endless ways t d that.(有无数种方法可以做到这一点)”符合文意，是总结性的语句，并且和后文构成逻辑关系。故选A项。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was srting thrugh sme bxes in the lft last week when I came acrss a teddy bear frm my childhd. The mment that I saw my 21 ld friend, pwerful memries 22 frm nearly 50 years befre. In an instant I was 23 with where I lived, wh was arund-and hw I felt-at an extremely happy time f my life.
Nt all bjects generate such 24 memries, hwever. I nce had t thrw a pair f running shrts because they 25 me t much f the day I 26 and ended up with a brken wrist! But maybe I was t 27 and shuld nt blame my shrts.
Accrding t a recent study, it’s pssible t use thinking tricks t remve negative 28 . And, in the prcess, yu can learn a lt abut hw memry wrks-including hw t get yurs under 29 .
30 were effectively shwn hw t create cnnectins between an item and a set f negative emtins. They did this using vivid mental imagery（意象）—linking a child’s trainer t images f playgrund accident, fr example, s that the bject became 31 t have.
Later, they were shwn hw t 32 frget thse feelings by cnsciusly（有意识地）pushing away any pictures that appeared. And this turned ut t be mre than just a 33 distractin（分心）. It gradually weakened the bad memries—in sme cases, 34 them altgether.
It shws that recall relies n assciatins and images. And yu can strengthen bth f these 35 when yu want t remember.
21．A．fadedB．expectedC．ruinedD．unknwn
22．A．turned verB．flded backC．brke utD．came dwn
23．A．unfamiliarB．equippedC．recnnectedD．ccupied
24．A．welcmeB．ld-fashinedC．paleD．frgettable
25．A．accusedB．cnvincedC．infrmedD．reminded
26．A．peratedB．rippedC．arrivedD．hesitated
27．A．thughtlessB．wrriedC．hurriedD．depressed
28．A．explanatinsB．cmmentsC．cmpetitinsD．assciatins
29．A．cntrlB．pressureC．cnsideratinD．discussin
30．A．SubjectsB．TricksC．AdventuresD．Memries
31．A．naturalB．supprtiveC．excitedD．uncmfrtable
32．A．vitallyB．persnallyC．respectivelyD．actively
33．A．realisticB．substantialC．tempraryD．precise
34．A．awakeningB．erasingC．practicingD．linking
35．A．experiencesB．picturesC．factrsD．abilities
【答案】
21．A 22．B 23．C 24．A 25．D 26．B 27．C 28．D 29．A 30．A 31．D 32．D 33．C 34．B 35．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。根据最近的一项研究，使用思维技巧来消除负面联想是可能的。在这个过程中，你可以学到很多关于记忆是如何工作的——包括如何控制你的记忆。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我看到我褪色的老朋友的那一刻，近50年前的强烈记忆如潮水般涌上心头。A. faded褪色的；B. expected预料到的； C. ruined被毁灭的；D. unknwn未知的。根据上文“I came acrss a teddy bear frm my childhd”可知，泰迪熊褪色了。故选A项。
22．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我看到我褪色的老朋友的那一刻，近50年前的强烈记忆如潮水般涌上心头。A. turned ver翻转；B. flded back涌现；C. brke ut爆发；D. came dwn传承。根据下文“nearly 50 years befre”可知，50年前的强烈记忆如潮水般涌上心头，故选B项。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：刹那间，我重新与我所住的地方，周围的人以及我的感受联系在一起，这是我生命中极其快乐的时刻。A. unfamiliar不熟悉的；B. equipped装备齐全的；C. recnnected重新连接的；D. ccupied 忙于……的。根据下文“wh was arund-and hw I felt-at an extremely happy time f my life.”故可知，作者重新与过去联系在一起。选C项。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，并不是所有的物品都能产生如此令人愉快的记忆。A. welcme欢迎的，令人愉快的；B. ld-fashined老式的；C. pale苍白的；D. frgettable忘记的。根据下文“I nce had t thrw a pair f running shrts because they ____5____ me t much f the day I ____6____ and ended up with a brken wrist!”可知，并不是所有的物品都能产生如此令人愉快的记忆。故选A项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一次，我不得不扔掉一条跑步短裤，因为它们让我想起了那天我划破了裤子，结果手腕骨折的情景。A. accused起诉；B. cnvinced使确信；C. infrmed告知；D. reminded提醒，想起。作者在回忆过去，所以是想起。故选D项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一次，我不得不扔掉一条跑步短裤，因为它们让我想起了那天我划破了裤子，结果手腕骨折的情景。A. perated操作；B. ripped （使）划破；C. arrived到达；D. hesitated犹豫。根据上文“thrw a pair f running shrts”以及“brken wrist”可知，作者划破了裤子。故选B项。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但也许我太草率了，不应该怪我的短裤。A. thughtless欠考虑的；B. wrried担忧的；C. hurried匆忙的，草率的；D. depressed抑郁的。根据下文“shuld nt blame my shrts.”可知，作者太草率了。故选C项。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据最近的一项研究，使用思维技巧来消除负面联想是可能的。A. explanatins解释；B. cmments评论；C. cmpetitins竞争；D. assciatins协会，联想。根据下文assciatins”可知，使用思维技巧来消除负面联想是可能的。故选D项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这个过程中，你可以学到很多关于记忆是如何工作的——包括如何控制你的记忆。A. cntrl控制；B. pressure压力；C. cnsideratin考虑；D. discussin讨论。根据上文“it’s pssible t use thinking tricks t remve negative”可知，包括如何控制你的记忆。故选A项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：受试者被有效地展示了如何在一个项目和一组负面情绪之间建立联系。A. Subjects主题，话题；接受试验者；B. Tricks诡计； C. Adventures冒险； D. Memries记忆。根据上文“a recent study”以及下文“were effectively shwn hw t create cnnectins between an item and a set f negative emtins.”可知，这里指受试者。 故选A项。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们利用生动的心理意象做到了这一点——例如，将儿童教练与操场事故的图像联系起来，这样一来，对象就会变得不舒服。A. natural自然的；B. supprtive支持的；C. excited兴奋的；D. uncmfrtable不舒服的。根据上文“images f playgrund accident”可知，受试对象就会变得不舒服。故选D项。
32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：之后，研究人员向他们展示了如何通过有意识地推开任何出现的图片来积极地忘记这些感觉。A. vitally 极其；B. persnally个人地；C. respectively各自地；D. actively积极地。根据下文“by cnsciusly（有意识地）pushing away any pictures that appeared”可知，积极地忘记这些感觉。故选D项。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，这不仅仅是暂时的分心。A. realistic现实的；B. substantia大量的；C. temprary暂时的；D. precise精确的。根据下文“It gradually weakened the bad memries”可知，这不仅仅是暂时的分心。故选C项。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它逐渐削弱了糟糕的记忆——在某些情况下，完全抹去了它们。A. awakening 唤醒；B. erasing 抹去；C. practicing练习；D. linking连接。根据上文“It gradually weakened the bad memries”可知，在某些情况下，完全抹去了它们。故选B项。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你想要记忆的时候，你可以加强这两个因素。A. experiences经历；B. pictures图片；C. factrs因素；D. abilities能力。根据上文“It shws that recall relies n assciatins and images”可知，这是两个因素。故选C项。
第二节（共10小题：每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
What wuld we bserve if we traveled at the speed f light? This is a questin Albert Einstein asked him-self at the age f 16. Imagining himself 36 (pursue) a beam f light, he reasned that he shuld bserve such a beam f light as an electrmagnetic field at rest. This intuitive thinking came 37 (knw) as ne f Einstein’s mst famus thught experiments, which take place in the imaginatin.
While the term “thught experiment” riginated in the 19th century, the use f thught experiments can be traced much further back, 38 ancient philsphers used them t explre difficult questins. Abut 2,500 years ag, Chinese philspher Zhuangzi recrded ne f the earliest thught experiments: if yu cut a lng stick in half and then cut the 39 (remain) part in tw each fllwing day, yu will never finish cutting it.
As we explre the wrld in greater 40 (deep), we may reach a pint where it is impssible t run an 41 (experiment) scenari (设想) in the real wrld due t varius limitatins. In such circumstances, we mve int the area f thught experiments, which functin as 42 valuable means t test the limits f ur knwledge and advance ur understanding f the wrld.
Thrughut histry, thught experiments 43 (cntribute) t the develpment f scientific theries. Thught experiments are nt always abut prving smething right 44 wrng with a definite answer. Instead, by making abstract, cmplex ideas mre cncrete and accessible, thught experiments can stimulate debate and lead t a mre thrugh understanding f the tpic 45 questin.
【答案】
36．pursuing 37．t be knwn 38．when 39．remaining 40．depth 41．experimental 42．a 43．have cntributed 44．r 45．in
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了直觉思维被认为是爱因斯坦最著名的思维实验之一，它发生在想象中。解释了“思维实验”的历史以及作用。
36．考查非谓语动词。句意：想象自己在追逐一束光，他推断他应该把这样一束光当作静止的电磁场来观察。此处pursue与himself为主动关系，故用现在分词作宾补，imagine sb ding sth“想象某人正在做某事”。故填pursuing。
37．考查非谓语动词。句意：这种直觉思维被认为是爱因斯坦最著名的思维实验之一，它发生在想象中。表示“被认为是”短语为be knwn as，且上文为短语cme t d sth.。故填t be knwn。
38．考查定语从句。句意：虽然“思维实验”一词起源于19世纪，但思维实验的使用可以追溯到更早的时候，当时古代哲学家用它来探索难题。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词much further back，在从句作时间状语，故用when。故填when。
39．考查形容词。句意：大约2500年前，中国哲学家庄子记录了一个最早的思想实验：如果你把一根长木棍切成两半，然后每天把剩下的部分切成两半，你永远不会把它切完。修饰part应用形容词remaining作定语。故填remaining。
40．考查名词。句意：当我们对世界进行更深入的探索时，我们可能会因为各种限制而无法在现实世界中运行实验场景。作介词的宾语，应用名词depth，短语in depth表示“深度”。故填depth。
41．考查形容词。句意：当我们对世界进行更深入的探索时，我们可能会因为各种限制而无法在现实世界中运行实验场景。修饰名词scenari应用形容词experimental。故填experimental。
42．考查冠词。句意：在这种情况下，我们进入了思想实验的领域，这是一种有价值的手段，可以测试我们知识的局限性，促进我们对世界的理解。此处means为泛指，且valuable是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
43．考查时态。句意：纵观历史，思想实验对科学理论的发展做出了贡献。表示过去发生的事情对现在产生影响为现在完成时，主语为thught experiments，助动词用have。故填have cntributed。
44．考查连词。句意：思想实验并不总是用一个明确的答案来证明某事是对还是错。此处表示选择关系，表示“或者”应用连词r。故填r。
45．考查介词。句意：相反，通过使抽象、复杂的想法更具体、更容易理解，思维实验可以激发后期的辩论，并导致对所讨论主题的更彻底的理解。短语in questin表示“正在讨论”。故填in。
第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46．假如你是李华。你的英国朋友Ryan来信了解你校英语校本课程（the English language schl-based curriculum）开设情况。请你用英语写一封回信。内容包括：
1.课程简介；
2.开设情况；
3.学生反响。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Ryan,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Ryan,
Glad t hear frm yu. Learning that yu’re cncerned abut the English language schl-based curriculum in ur schl, I’d like t give yu a brief intrductin.
Our curriculum is mdule-based with age-apprpriate themes and tpics that match with pupils’ develpment stages. Varius reading bklets have been develped ver the years, frm elective mdules in the senir frms t enhancement curses. They are available every Friday afternn with an active invlvement f the students.
The students nw pay mre attentin t cmmunicating and cultural skills in the language rather than fcus n test-riented learning.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Ryan介绍你校英语校本课程的开设情况。
【详解】1.词汇积累
课程：curriculum/ curse→lessn
参与：invlvement→engagement
集中：fcus n→cncentrate n
各种各样的：varius→a variety f
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Varius reading bklets have been develped ver the years, frm elective mdules in the senir frms t enhancement curses.
拓展句：Varius reading bklets have been develped ver the years, which include elective mdules in the senir frms and enhancement curses.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Learning that yu’re cncerned abut the English language schl-based curriculum in ur schl, I’d like t give yu a brief intrductin. (运用了现在分词作状语和that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Our curriculum is mdule-based with age-apprpriate themes and tpics that match with pupils’ develpment stages. (运用了that引导定语从句)
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My Best Examinatin
One day, while at wrk in a cal-mine in Malden, I happened t verhear tw miners talking abut a great schl fr pr peple in Virginia. It was Hamptn Institute. The schl was established t prvide pprtunities fr pr but wrthy students wh culd wrk ut all r a part f the cst f bard, and at the same time be taught sme trade r industry.
I was n fire cnstantly with ne ambitin, and that was t g t schl. I decided at nce t g t that schl. Finally the great day came and I started fr Hamptn. I had nly a small, cheap bag that cntained what few articles f clthing I culd get. The distance frm Malden t Hamptn is abut five hundred miles. I had nt been away frm hme many hurs befre it began t grw painfully evident that I did nt have enugh mney t pay my fare (路费) t Hamptn.
By walking and begging rides in sme way, I finally reached the grunds f the Hamptn Institute after a number f days, tired and dirty. As sn as pssible after reaching, I presented myself befre the head teacher fr assignment t a class. Having been s lng withut prper fd, a bath, and change f clthing, I was like a wrthless lafer (游荡者).
I did nt, f curse, make a very favurable impressin upn her, and I culd see at nce that there were dubts in her mind abut the wisdm f admitting me as a student. I tried t impress her in all the ways I culd with my wrthiness. Hw I wished that I culd get a chance t shw what was in me.
After sme time, the head teacher said t me, “The adjining (隔壁的) classrm needs sweeping. Take the brm and sweep it.”
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
It ccurred t me at nce that here was my chance.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The head teacher went int the rm and inspected the flr and clsets.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】范文
It ccurred t me at nce that here was my chance. Never did I receive an rder with mre delight. I knew I culd sweep, fr my parents thrughly taught me hw t d that when I was yung. I swept the rm three times. Then I gt a dusting-clth and I dusted it fur times. All the wdwrk arund the walls, every bench, table and desk, I went ver fur times with my dusting-clth, I had the feeling that in a large measure my future depended upn the impressin I made upn the teacher in the cleaning f that rm. When I was thrugh, I reprted t her.
The head teacher went int the rm and inspected the flr and clsets. Then she tk her handkerchief and rubbed it n the wdwrk abut the walls, and ver the table and benches. When she was unable t find ne bit f dirt n the flr, r a particle f dust n any f the furniture, she quietly remarked, “I guess yu will d t enter this institutin.” I was ne f the happiest suls n earth. The sweeping f that rm was my cllege examinatin! I have passed several examinatins since then, but I have always felt that this was the best ne I had ever passed.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者想要去一个为穷人开设的学校去上学，但是没能给班主任留下好印象。最终作者因为打扫教室一尘不染通过了班主任的测验，被成功认可。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我立刻想到，我的机会来了。”可知，第一段可描写作者认真打扫教室的经过以及完成后向班主任报告。
②由第二段首句内容“校长走进房间，检查了地板和壁橱。”可知，第二段可描写班主任检查的结果以及作者被认可。
2.续写线索：意识到机会来了——认真打扫教室——完成——班主任检查——作者被认可——作者感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①打扫：sweep/clean/tidy up
②取决于：depend upn/lie n
③通过：pass/ get thrugh
情绪类
①快乐：happy/merry
②平静：quietly/calmly
【点睛】[高分句型1] When I was thrugh, I reprted t her. (运用了when引导时间状语从句)
[高分句型2] Never did I receive an rder with mre delight. I knew I culd sweep, fr my parents thrughly taught me hw t d that when I was yung. (运用了部分倒装句)
英 语
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
MUSICAL HERITAGES FROM ANCIENT CHINA
Since remte antiquity, Chinese peple have used music t recrd their lives and describe the ideals in their hearts. Catchy tunes are nt nly played n precius instruments, but als visualized in carvings, paintings, and buildings. Feel free t explre here!
Han Dynasty (202 BC-AD 220)
This perid marked the significant develpment f the manufacturing f gugin and its music. The example unearthed frm the Mawangdui Han Dynasty Tmb in Changsha, Hunan prvince, prves that gugin had develped int the frm knwn tday during that perid. It shws 7 strings and 13 markers indicating the pressing psitins f vertne series.
Nrthern Wei Dynasty (386-534)
Buddhism and its musical culture spread extensively during this perid. Buddhist temples prvided places fr musical activities, which were recrded in. many f the-existing stne carvings. Lcated in Gngyi, Henan prvince, the Grtl Temple is-famus fr its reliefs representing musical events. They are precius histrical materials reflecting the music characteristics f the dynasty.
Sng Dynasty (960-1279)
With ecnmic develpment, a variety f musical cultures emerged t meet the entertainment needs f different scial classes. Part f the painting Life alng the Bian River al the Pure Brightness Festival vividly reveals a strytelling perfrmance. The painter adpted delicate techniques t truly recrd a street perfrmer, whse superb skills are reflected by each listener’s shw f appreciatin.
Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)
At this time, traditinal Chinese peras develped rapidly, prmting the frmatin f many singing styles. Peple began t enjy peras and drama stages were built. Cvering a cnstructin area f mre than 160 square meters, the Fancun village drama stage in Shanxi prvince prvides rich materials fr the study f the lcal flk culture.
1．Which heritage wuld a fan f classical instruments explre?
A．The Ming Dynasty drama stage.B．The Sng Dynasty painting.
C．The Nrthern Wei Dynasty temple.D．The Han Dynasty tmb.
2．What cntributed t the diversity f Sng Dynasty musical cultures?
A．Ecnmy.B．Plitics.C．Religin.D．Technlgy.
3．Which perid witnessed the bm f Chinese peras?
A．Han Dynasty.B．Nrthern Wei Dynasty.
C．Sng Dynasty.D．Ming Dynasty.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D
【导语】
这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了中国古代的音乐遗产。
1．细节理解题。根据Han Dynasty (202 BC-AD 220)部分中“This perid marked the significant develpment f the manufacturing f gugin and its music. The example unearthed frm the Mawangdui Han Dynasty Tmb in Changsha, Hunan prvince, prves that gugin had develped int the frm knwn tday during that perid.(这一时期标志着古琴制造及其音乐的重大发展。湖南长沙马王堆汉墓出土的例子证明，古琴在那个时期已经发展成今天所知的形式)”可知，汉朝标志着古琴制造及其音乐的重大发展，湖南长沙马王堆汉墓出土的例子能够证明，故古典乐器爱好者会探索马王堆汉墓，故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据Sng Dynasty (960-1279)部分中“With ecnmic develpment, a variety f musical cultures emerged t meet the entertainment needs f different scial classes.(随着经济的发展，各种各样的音乐文化应运而生，以满足不同社会阶层的娱乐需求)”可知，经济因素促成了宋代音乐文化的多样性，故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)部分中“At this time, traditinal Chinese peras develped rapidly, prmting the frmatin f many singing styles.(在这个时期，中国传统戏曲发展迅速，促进了许多演唱风格的形成)”可知，中国戏剧的繁荣发生在明朝，故选D。
B
I started a “questin f the day” sectin in a family text grup. We’d talk abut everything frm mvies t plitics. But despite several warnings frm lved nes that sme f my respnses were judgmental and that I was t quick t attack an pinin, I all but killed that grup text. It had a gd 12 peple in it. We’d shared laughs, encuragement, and funny memes (表情包). It tk nly ne cnversatin — which I was in the middle f — t end it.
I realized that I had a prblem. The medium fr my prblem is the smartphne. Befre smartphnes enabled instant cmmunicatin, peple talked n the telephne. In persn, yu culd cut in a “What d yu mean by that?” t crrect a misunderstanding befre it gt ut f hand. Dn’t get me wrng: I lve a gd grup text. It makes me feel cnnected t peple in a way that I just can’t seem t anymre, nw that I have a wife and kids.
I’m learning, but I had a relapse (复发) recently. I jined a new text grup. I intrduced my “questin f the day” feature. I fled myself int thinking that I was encuraging a healthy debate n current events. N. Others in the grup saw it as me trying t prve that my way was the right way. Then I made the mistake f sharing sme persnal infrmatin that ne friend had tld me during a phne cnversatin. I thught everyne knew. Then this friend started referring t me as a snitch — nt terms f kind wrd. S I asked him abut it — in persn. That’s when he tld me I’d shared sensitive infrmatin he hadn’t tld anyne else. I aplgized plentifully and came away frm the cnversatin mre determined t slw dwn my texts.
My new reslve seems t be wrking. Yu shuld be pleased t knw that I have avided making a few pints that I was tempted (鼓动) t make in individual and grup texts. In sme cases, I didn’t even respnd. I haven’t lst any mre cnnectins by ding this.
4．Hw des the authr intrduce the tpic?
A．By making judgments n plitics.B．By respnding t sme text messages.
C．By presenting a persnal experience.D．By starting a funny cnversatin.
5．What prblem des the authr have in digital cmmunicatin?
A．Ignring the need t listen t thers.B．Making quick and sharp respnses.
C．Failing t express himself timely.D．Fcusing n the issues f his wn.
6．Why was the authr attacked by his friend in the text grup?
A．He gave away the privacy f his friend.
B．He always made mistakes n current events.
C．He made a fl f himself in chatting.
D．He liked enquiring persnal infrmatin.
7．What des the authr learn frm his experience?
A．Hurry makes waste.B．Understanding each ther is vital.
C．Smetimes fast is just t fast.D．Trust is the bridge f cmmunicatin.
【答案】4．C 5．B 6．A 7．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过个人经历反思了智能手机和即时通讯带来的沟通问题，特别是在群聊中容易引发误解和冲突，了解到自己的不当行为对他人造成的影响，进而决定改变自己在短信交流中的方式，更加谨慎地对待信息分享和回应速度，以维护人际关系和促进有效的沟通。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段的“I started a “questin f the day” sectin in a family text grup. We’d talk abut everything frm mvies t plitics. But despite several warnings frm lved nes that sme f my respnses were judgmental and that I was t quick t attack an pinin, I all but killed that grup text.(我在一个家庭短信群里开了一个“每日问题”版块。我们无所不谈，从电影到政治。但是，尽管我的亲人多次警告我，说我的一些回复带有评判性，而且我太急于攻击别人的观点，我还是差点取消了那条群发短信。)”和第二段“I realized that I had a prblem. The medium fr my prblem is the smartphne.(我意识到我有问题了。我的问题的媒介是智能手机。)”可知，作者通过个人经历引入了本文的主题。故选C。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段的“I was t quick t attack an pinin(我太急于反驳一个观点了)”和倒数第二段的“I aplgized plentifully and came away frm the cnversatin mre determined t slw dwn my texts.(我再三道歉，然后离开了谈话，下定决心放慢我发短信的速度。)”可知，作者的问题是在群组讨论中，急于反驳他人的观点，对于分享信息不谨慎等，故选B。
6．推理判断题。结合第三段的“Then I made the mistake f sharing sme persnal infrmatin that ne friend had tld me during a phne cnversatin. I thught everyne knew. Then this friend started referring t me as a snitch — nt terms f kind wrd.(然后我犯了一个错误，分享了一个朋友在电话中告诉我的一些个人信息。我以为每个人都知道。然后这个朋友开始说我是告密者——这可不是什么好话。)”可知，作者的一位朋友在群组中攻击作者，是因为作者在群里说出了他和朋友之间私下交流的内容，故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据第一段的“I was t quick t attack an pinin(我太急于反驳一个观点了)”和倒数第二段的“I aplgized plentifully and came away frm the cnversatin mre determined t slw dwn my texts.(我再三道歉，然后离开了谈话，下定决心放慢我发短信的速度。)”可知，作者通过在一次家庭群聊中的经历意识到自己的问题在于急于反驳他人的观点，因此作者从他的经历中学到的是有时候就是太快了，故选C。
C
High in the Swiss Alps and the Arctic, scientists have discvered micrbes (微生物) that can digest plastics — imprtantly, withut the need t apply extra heat. Their findings, published in the jurnal Frntiers in Micrbilgy, culd ne day imprve plastic recycling.
It’s n secret that plastic pllutin is still a big, glbal issue. Since its prductin explded during and after Wrld War II, humans have created mre than 9.1 billin tns f plastic — and researchers estimate that less than ne tenth f the resulting waste has been recycled. T make matters wrse, the mst cmmn recycling ptin — when plastic is washed, prcessed and turned int new prducts — desn’t actually reduce waste: The recycled materials are ften f lwer quality and might later end up in a landfill all the same.
S, researchers are lking fr slutins t the plastics prblem that g beynd cnventinal recycling — and ne prcess they’ve experimented with is breaking dwn plastics using micrbes. But the knwn plastic-digesting micrbes can nly d s at warm temperatures abve 85 degrees Fahrenheit. When dne at an industrial scale, the amunt f energy needed t generate that much heat makes the prcess give ff mre carbn —and cst mre mney.
But the micrbes fund in the Arctic and Swiss Alps can functin at cler temperatures: They were able t break dwn bidegradable (可生物降解的) plastics at 59 degrees Fahrenheit. In the new study, c-authr Jel Rüthi and his clleagues discvered that f the ttal 34 types f micrbes examined,19 were successfully able t break dwn a frm f plastic called plyester-plyurethane, and 17 culd break dwn tw types f bidegradable plastic mixtures.
Unfrtunately, the plastics that the micrbes partially degraded represent a “really small amunt f plastics in circulatin,” said Gavin Lear, an envirnmental micrbilgist, wh was nt invlved in the study. Lear acknwledged that using natural micrbes can prvide a head start when it cmes t designing a strategy fr bi-recycling. If we mve away frm the cnventinal nn-bidegradable materials, “and we start t use mre f these bidegradable plastics, then it’s gd that we knw hw t degrade them mre quickly s they’re less f an envirnmental prblem,” he cncluded.
8．What d we knw abut the cnventinal recycling?
A．It des nt live up t expectatins.B．It cntributes t mre waste.
C．It is nt as ppular as befre.D．It ensures new prduct quality.
9．Which best describes the methd f using the micrbes in the previus studies?
A．Impractical.B．PineeringC．Reliable.D．Invaluable.
10．Why is the new study mentined in paragraph 4?
A．T prve the micrbes have an bvius taste preference.
B．T shw the finding pens drs t a mre efficient system.
C．T clarify hw the prcess f breaking dwn plastics wrks.
D．T explain why bi-recycling is better than cnventinal recycling.
11．What d the underlined wrds “head start” in paragraph 5 mean?
A．Reward.B．Criterin.C．Prtectin.D．Advantage.
【答案】8．A 9．A 10．B 11．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。在瑞士阿尔卑斯山和北极的高处，科学家们发现了可以消化塑料的微生物——重要的是，不需要额外的加热。他们的研究结果发表在《微生物学前沿》杂志上，有朝一日可能会改善塑料回收。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“T make matters wrse, the mst cmmn recycling ptin — when plastic is washed, prcessed and turned int new prducts — desn’t actually reduce waste: The recycled materials are ften f lwer quality and might later end up in a landfill all the same.(更糟糕的是，最常见的回收选择——将塑料清洗、加工并变成新产品——实际上并没有减少浪费：回收的材料通常质量较低，最终可能还是会被扔进垃圾填埋场)”可知，传统的回收没有达到人们的期望。故选A。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段“S, researchers are lking fr slutins t the plastics prblem that g beynd cnventinal recycling — and ne prcess they’ve experimented with is breaking dwn plastics using micrbes. But the knwn plastic-digesting micrbes can nly d s at warm temperatures abve 85 degrees Fahrenheit. When dne at an industrial scale, the amunt f energy needed t generate that much heat makes the prcess give ff mre carbn —and cst mre mney.(因此，研究人员正在寻找超越传统回收的塑料问题的解决方案，他们已经试验了一种方法，即用微生物分解塑料。但已知的塑料消化微生物只能在85华氏度以上的温暖温度下进行。当在工业规模上进行时，产生这么多热量所需的能量会使该过程释放更多的碳，并花费更多的钱)”可推知，之前研究中使用微生物的方法是不切实际的。故选A。
10．推理判断题。根据第四段“But the micrbes fund in the Arctic and Swiss Alps can functin at cler temperatures: They were able t break dwn bidegradable (可生物降解的) plastics at 59 degrees Fahrenheit. In the new study, c-authr Jel Rüthi and his clleagues discvered that f the ttal 34 types f micrbes examined,19 were successfully able t break dwn a frm f plastic called plyester-plyurethane, and 17 culd break dwn tw types f bidegradable plastic mixtures.(但在北极和瑞士阿尔卑斯山发现的微生物可以在更低的温度下工作：它们能够在59华氏度的温度下分解可生物降解的塑料。在这项新研究中，合著者Jel Rüthi和他的同事们发现，在总共34种被检测的微生物中，19种能够成功地分解一种叫做聚酯聚氨酯的塑料，17种可以分解两种可生物降解的塑料混合物)”可知，新发现检测到微生物可以分解更多的塑料，结合第三段提到之前研究中使用微生物的方法是不切实际的，可推知，第4段提到了这项新研究是为了表明这一发现为更有效的系统打开了大门。故选B。
11．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“If we mve away frm the cnventinal nn-bidegradable materials, “and we start t use mre f these bidegradable plastics, then it’s gd that we knw hw t degrade them mre quickly s they’re less f an envirnmental prblem,” he cncluded.(如果我们不再使用传统的不可生物降解的材料，“我们开始更多地使用这些可生物降解的塑料，那么我们知道如何更快地降解它们，从而减少环境问题，这是件好事，”他总结道)”可知，Gavin Lear提到如果我们不再使用传统的不可生物降解的材料，我们开始更多地使用这些可生物降解的塑料，那么我们知道如何更快地降解它们，从而减少环境问题，由此说明使用天然微生物具有良好的优势。故划线词意思是“优势”。故选D。
D
Why d children learn s quickly? Is it simply a necessity, r is a child’s brain mre capable f taking in new infrmatin than an adult’s brain?
“It is a cmmn way f thinking that ‘children are like spnges’ and have the magical ability t learn new skills faster than an adult, but there are sme miscnceptins here, “ said Debbie Raven, a researcher at the University f Chester. “A child’s cgnitive (认知的) develpment is age-related and, naturally, children perfrm wrse than their lder peers in mst areas. Hwever, there are times when being yung brings an advantage, and this is especially true arund their earliest years.
This advantage is largely due t neurplasticity, meaning the brain’s ability t frm and change its cnnectins, pathways and wiring based n experiences. Neurplasticity is what gives children the capacity t learn-and, if necessary, unlearn-habits, rutines, appraches and actins very quickly. This ability is mst cnstant and rapid befre a child’s fifth birthday, when much f what they encunter r experience is nvel. “This ability t learn quickly is cnnected t several areas, including plasticity, their experiences with adults, their envirnment, and their bilgical drive t explre, “ Raven said. “Childhd is a place where children spend their time catching up with adults’ mre sphisticated abilities. “
Language learning, in particular, is an area where children ften have a huge advantage ver adults. This is largely because “babies are able t tune in t the rhythm and sunds used in their native language, and can therefre becme fluent speakers by the age f fur. “This ability can help yung children learn a secnd r third language with apparent ease, Raven said.
In a research paper, the authrs suggest that “human babies are brn seeing and hearing linguistic infrmatin that lder children and adults miss, althugh they lse this ability with mre experience in their envirnments. Mrever, babies can “discriminate speech sunds and tnes used in al f the wrld’s languages, making them pen t al input, regardless f the linguistic envirnment they are brn int.
12．Why des Raven make the remarks in paragraph 2?
A．T prve a new thery.B．T share persnal experience.
C．T crrect a wrng belief.D．T slve lng-held cnfusin.
13．What’s ne feature f “neurplasticity”?
A．It enables children t break a habit quickly.
B．It accmpanies a persn all thrugh his life.
C．It is entirely based n a kid’s past experiences.
D．It disappears sn after a child’s fifth birthday.
14．What impacts kids’ quick learning ability accrding t Raven?
A．Their brain structure.B．Their habits and rutines.
C．Their parents’ experiences.D．Their inbrn desire t explre.
15．What des the authr mainly talk abut in the last tw paragraphs?
A．Why children are talented language learners.
B．What are the prper ways f learning languages.
C．When is the best time t learn freign languages.
D．Hw envirnments can influence language learning.
【答案】12．C 13．A 14．D 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要分析了孩子们学得快的原因，并解释了孩子为什么在语言学习领域有天赋。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段中的““It is a cmmn way f thinking that ‘children are like spnges’ and have the magical ability t learn new skills faster than an adult, but there are sme miscnceptins here, “ said Debbie Raven, a researcher at the University f Chester. “A child’s cgnitive (认知的) develpment is age-related and, naturally, children perfrm wrse than their lder peers in mst areas. (切斯特大学的研究员黛比·拉文说：“人们普遍认为，‘孩子就像海绵’，有比成年人更快地学习新技能的神奇能力，但这里也存在一些误解。孩子的认知发展与年龄有关，理所当然地，孩子在大多数领域的表现都比年长的同龄人差。)”可知，研究员黛比·拉文发表评论是为了纠正一个错误的信仰——孩子有比成年人更快地学习新技能的神奇能力。而实际上孩子的认知发展与年龄有关。故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Neurplasticity is what gives children the capacity t learn-and, if necessary, unlearn-habits, rutines, appraches and actins very quickly. (神经可塑性使儿童有能力学习，并在必要时迅速忘记习惯、惯例、方法和行动。)”可知，“神经可塑性”的一个特点是它能使孩子们很快改掉一个习惯。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段中的““This ability t learn quickly is cnnected t several areas, including plasticity, their experiences with adults, their envirnment, and their bilgical drive t explre, “ Raven said. (拉文说：“这种快速学习的能力与几个方面有关，包括可塑性、与成年人相处的经历、环境和天生的探索动力。)”可知，拉文认为，孩子与生俱来的探索欲望影响了孩子的快速学习能力。故选D。
15．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段中的“Language learning, in particular, is an area where children ften have a huge advantage ver adults. This is largely because …(尤其是在语言学习领域，儿童往往比成年人具有巨大优势。这在很大程度上是因为……)”以及最后一段的“In a research paper, the authrs suggest that “human babies are brn seeing and hearing linguistic infrmatin that lder children and adults miss, althugh they lse this ability with mre experience in their envirnments. (在一篇研究论文中，作者提出，“人类婴儿在出生时就看到和听到了年龄较大的儿童和成年人错过的语言信息，尽管他们在环境中有了更多的经验后就失去了这种能力。)”可知，作者在最后两段主要讲到为什么孩子在语言学习领域往往比成年人具有巨大优势，即为什么孩子是有天赋的语言学习者。故选A。
第二节（共5小题：每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分）
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Hw t Chse Yur Purpse-Filled Career
When yu think abut chsing a career, yu ften d it in the fllwing tw ways.
Think abut what yu like t d. If yu like writing r ding crafts, yu might cnsider these things. This is nt a bad way t g, f curse, but yu can’t always make mney ding things yu like (like vide games r drinking beer). 16
Think abut a well-paid jb that yu can d and desn’t sund s bad. 17 Or maybe that’s ut f yur educatinal reach, s yu chse ffice r retail wrker. These are all great chices. But ften they are nt smething yu’re really passinate abut. It’s kind f like just ding smething because it’s there——nt very inspired.
18 Try t d smething t serve a cmmunity r make the wrld better. Fr example, taking care f children, because yu really want t help children get a great start in life, r blssm int wh they want t be r getting int gvernment r scial wrk t imprve the cnditins f the cmmunity yu live in r becming a scientist t help ease the envirnmental crisis r find a cure fr a terrible disease. 19 And if yu chse ne f them fr that purpse, yu will serve in that wrk feeling a sense f purpse each day.
20 The pint isn’t hw yu serve the wrld, but just serving the wrld in sme way will help yu feel filled with purpse. If yu chse a purpseful and enjyable jb, yu’re always further alng than mst peple.
A．There are endless ways t d that.
B．Maybe a dctr, engineer r lawyer?
C．Hwever, there’s anther way that is perhaps better.
D．Yu are dreaming f a well-paid jb which yu like best.
E．It’s essential nt t cncentrate n interests and gd payment.
F．Each f these is just ne f many pssibilities filled with purpse.
G．And smetimes things yu like are better as a hbby r side passin.
【答案】16．G 17．B 18．C 19．F 20．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍如何选择对你富有意义的职业。
16．分析设空，设空位于段尾，是对前文的总结。根据前文“Think abut what yu like t d. If yu like writing r ding crafts, yu might cnsider these things. This is nt a bad way t g, f curse, but yu can’t always make mney ding things yu like (like vide games r drinking beer).(想想你喜欢做什么。如果你喜欢写作或做手工，你可以考虑这些事情。当然，这不是一种坏的方式，但你不可能总是通过做你喜欢的事情(比如电子游戏或喝啤酒)来赚钱)”可知，本段是在讲述可以把自己喜欢的事作为职业，但是不是所有喜欢的事情都可以，所以G项“And smetimes things yu like are better as a hbby r side passin.(有时候把你喜欢的事情当成爱好或副业会更好)”是对前文的总结，符合本段主题。故选G项。
17．根据前文“Think abut a well-paid jb that yu can d and desn’t sund s bad.(想一份你能做而且听起来不那么糟糕的高薪工作)”以及后文“Or maybe that’s ut f yur educatinal reach, s yu chse ffice r retail wrker.(或者，这可能超出了你的教育范围，所以你选择了办公室或零售工人)”可知，空处应是一个过渡句，从提出一个方法到具体的职业选择，再根据后文可知，空处的职业对教育要求高，所以B项“Maybe a dctr, engineer r lawyer?(也许是医生、工程师或律师？)”符合文意。故选B项。
18．分析设空，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Try t d smething t serve a cmmunity r make the wrld better. Fr example, taking care f children, because yu really want t help children get a great start in life, r blssm int wh they want t be r getting int gvernment r scial wrk t imprve the cnditins f the cmmunity yu live in r becming a scientist t help ease the envirnmental crisis r find a cure fr a terrible disease.(试着为社区服务或让世界变得更美好。例如，照顾孩子，因为你真的想帮助孩子们有一个美好的人生开端，或者成为他们想成为的人，或者进入政府或社会工作，改善你所居住的社区的条件，或者成为一名科学家，帮助缓解环境危机，或者找到治愈一种可怕疾病的方法)”可知，这里是在介绍另一种选择职业的方法，所以C项“Hwever, there’s anther way that is perhaps better.(然而，还有另一种可能更好的方法)”符合本段主题。故选C项。
19．根据前文“Fr example, taking care f children, because yu really want t help children get a great start in life, r blssm int wh they want t be r getting int gvernment r scial wrk t imprve the cnditins f the cmmunity yu live in r becming a scientist t help ease the envirnmental crisis r find a cure fr a terrible disease.(例如，照顾孩子，因为你真的想帮助孩子们有一个美好的人生开端，或者成为他们想成为的人，或者进入政府或社会工作，改善你所居住的社区的条件，或者成为一名科学家，帮助缓解环境危机，或者找到治愈一种可怕疾病的方法)”以及后文“And if yu chse ne f them fr that purpse, yu will serve in that wrk feeling a sense f purpse each day.(如果你选择其中的一个作为你的目标，你每天都会有一种使命感)”可知，空处应是一个过渡句，从介绍职业，到这么做的好处，所以F项“Each f these is just ne f many pssibilities filled with purpse.(这些都只是许多充满目的的可能性之一)”符合文意，起到过渡作用。故选F项。
20．分析设空，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“The pint isn’t hw yu serve the wrld, but just serving the wrld in sme way will help yu feel filled with purpse. If yu chse a purpseful and enjyable jb, yu’re always further alng than mst peple.(关键不在于你如何为世界服务，而在于以某种方式为世界服务会让你充满目标感。如果你选择了一份目标明确、令人愉快的工作，你总是比大多数人走得更远)”可知，本段是文章的最后一段，应该做出总结，所以A项“There are endless ways t d that.(有无数种方法可以做到这一点)”符合文意，是总结性的语句，并且和后文构成逻辑关系。故选A项。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was srting thrugh sme bxes in the lft last week when I came acrss a teddy bear frm my childhd. The mment that I saw my 21 ld friend, pwerful memries 22 frm nearly 50 years befre. In an instant I was 23 with where I lived, wh was arund-and hw I felt-at an extremely happy time f my life.
Nt all bjects generate such 24 memries, hwever. I nce had t thrw a pair f running shrts because they 25 me t much f the day I 26 and ended up with a brken wrist! But maybe I was t 27 and shuld nt blame my shrts.
Accrding t a recent study, it’s pssible t use thinking tricks t remve negative 28 . And, in the prcess, yu can learn a lt abut hw memry wrks-including hw t get yurs under 29 .
30 were effectively shwn hw t create cnnectins between an item and a set f negative emtins. They did this using vivid mental imagery（意象）—linking a child’s trainer t images f playgrund accident, fr example, s that the bject became 31 t have.
Later, they were shwn hw t 32 frget thse feelings by cnsciusly（有意识地）pushing away any pictures that appeared. And this turned ut t be mre than just a 33 distractin（分心）. It gradually weakened the bad memries—in sme cases, 34 them altgether.
It shws that recall relies n assciatins and images. And yu can strengthen bth f these 35 when yu want t remember.
21．A．fadedB．expectedC．ruinedD．unknwn
22．A．turned verB．flded backC．brke utD．came dwn
23．A．unfamiliarB．equippedC．recnnectedD．ccupied
24．A．welcmeB．ld-fashinedC．paleD．frgettable
25．A．accusedB．cnvincedC．infrmedD．reminded
26．A．peratedB．rippedC．arrivedD．hesitated
27．A．thughtlessB．wrriedC．hurriedD．depressed
28．A．explanatinsB．cmmentsC．cmpetitinsD．assciatins
29．A．cntrlB．pressureC．cnsideratinD．discussin
30．A．SubjectsB．TricksC．AdventuresD．Memries
31．A．naturalB．supprtiveC．excitedD．uncmfrtable
32．A．vitallyB．persnallyC．respectivelyD．actively
33．A．realisticB．substantialC．tempraryD．precise
34．A．awakeningB．erasingC．practicingD．linking
35．A．experiencesB．picturesC．factrsD．abilities
【答案】
21．A 22．B 23．C 24．A 25．D 26．B 27．C 28．D 29．A 30．A 31．D 32．D 33．C 34．B 35．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。根据最近的一项研究，使用思维技巧来消除负面联想是可能的。在这个过程中，你可以学到很多关于记忆是如何工作的——包括如何控制你的记忆。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我看到我褪色的老朋友的那一刻，近50年前的强烈记忆如潮水般涌上心头。A. faded褪色的；B. expected预料到的； C. ruined被毁灭的；D. unknwn未知的。根据上文“I came acrss a teddy bear frm my childhd”可知，泰迪熊褪色了。故选A项。
22．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我看到我褪色的老朋友的那一刻，近50年前的强烈记忆如潮水般涌上心头。A. turned ver翻转；B. flded back涌现；C. brke ut爆发；D. came dwn传承。根据下文“nearly 50 years befre”可知，50年前的强烈记忆如潮水般涌上心头，故选B项。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：刹那间，我重新与我所住的地方，周围的人以及我的感受联系在一起，这是我生命中极其快乐的时刻。A. unfamiliar不熟悉的；B. equipped装备齐全的；C. recnnected重新连接的；D. ccupied 忙于……的。根据下文“wh was arund-and hw I felt-at an extremely happy time f my life.”故可知，作者重新与过去联系在一起。选C项。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，并不是所有的物品都能产生如此令人愉快的记忆。A. welcme欢迎的，令人愉快的；B. ld-fashined老式的；C. pale苍白的；D. frgettable忘记的。根据下文“I nce had t thrw a pair f running shrts because they ____5____ me t much f the day I ____6____ and ended up with a brken wrist!”可知，并不是所有的物品都能产生如此令人愉快的记忆。故选A项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一次，我不得不扔掉一条跑步短裤，因为它们让我想起了那天我划破了裤子，结果手腕骨折的情景。A. accused起诉；B. cnvinced使确信；C. infrmed告知；D. reminded提醒，想起。作者在回忆过去，所以是想起。故选D项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一次，我不得不扔掉一条跑步短裤，因为它们让我想起了那天我划破了裤子，结果手腕骨折的情景。A. perated操作；B. ripped （使）划破；C. arrived到达；D. hesitated犹豫。根据上文“thrw a pair f running shrts”以及“brken wrist”可知，作者划破了裤子。故选B项。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但也许我太草率了，不应该怪我的短裤。A. thughtless欠考虑的；B. wrried担忧的；C. hurried匆忙的，草率的；D. depressed抑郁的。根据下文“shuld nt blame my shrts.”可知，作者太草率了。故选C项。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据最近的一项研究，使用思维技巧来消除负面联想是可能的。A. explanatins解释；B. cmments评论；C. cmpetitins竞争；D. assciatins协会，联想。根据下文assciatins”可知，使用思维技巧来消除负面联想是可能的。故选D项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这个过程中，你可以学到很多关于记忆是如何工作的——包括如何控制你的记忆。A. cntrl控制；B. pressure压力；C. cnsideratin考虑；D. discussin讨论。根据上文“it’s pssible t use thinking tricks t remve negative”可知，包括如何控制你的记忆。故选A项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：受试者被有效地展示了如何在一个项目和一组负面情绪之间建立联系。A. Subjects主题，话题；接受试验者；B. Tricks诡计； C. Adventures冒险； D. Memries记忆。根据上文“a recent study”以及下文“were effectively shwn hw t create cnnectins between an item and a set f negative emtins.”可知，这里指受试者。 故选A项。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们利用生动的心理意象做到了这一点——例如，将儿童教练与操场事故的图像联系起来，这样一来，对象就会变得不舒服。A. natural自然的；B. supprtive支持的；C. excited兴奋的；D. uncmfrtable不舒服的。根据上文“images f playgrund accident”可知，受试对象就会变得不舒服。故选D项。
32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：之后，研究人员向他们展示了如何通过有意识地推开任何出现的图片来积极地忘记这些感觉。A. vitally 极其；B. persnally个人地；C. respectively各自地；D. actively积极地。根据下文“by cnsciusly（有意识地）pushing away any pictures that appeared”可知，积极地忘记这些感觉。故选D项。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，这不仅仅是暂时的分心。A. realistic现实的；B. substantia大量的；C. temprary暂时的；D. precise精确的。根据下文“It gradually weakened the bad memries”可知，这不仅仅是暂时的分心。故选C项。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它逐渐削弱了糟糕的记忆——在某些情况下，完全抹去了它们。A. awakening 唤醒；B. erasing 抹去；C. practicing练习；D. linking连接。根据上文“It gradually weakened the bad memries”可知，在某些情况下，完全抹去了它们。故选B项。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你想要记忆的时候，你可以加强这两个因素。A. experiences经历；B. pictures图片；C. factrs因素；D. abilities能力。根据上文“It shws that recall relies n assciatins and images”可知，这是两个因素。故选C项。
第二节（共10小题：每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
What wuld we bserve if we traveled at the speed f light? This is a questin Albert Einstein asked him-self at the age f 16. Imagining himself 36 (pursue) a beam f light, he reasned that he shuld bserve such a beam f light as an electrmagnetic field at rest. This intuitive thinking came 37 (knw) as ne f Einstein’s mst famus thught experiments, which take place in the imaginatin.
While the term “thught experiment” riginated in the 19th century, the use f thught experiments can be traced much further back, 38 ancient philsphers used them t explre difficult questins. Abut 2,500 years ag, Chinese philspher Zhuangzi recrded ne f the earliest thught experiments: if yu cut a lng stick in half and then cut the 39 (remain) part in tw each fllwing day, yu will never finish cutting it.
As we explre the wrld in greater 40 (deep), we may reach a pint where it is impssible t run an 41 (experiment) scenari (设想) in the real wrld due t varius limitatins. In such circumstances, we mve int the area f thught experiments, which functin as 42 valuable means t test the limits f ur knwledge and advance ur understanding f the wrld.
Thrughut histry, thught experiments 43 (cntribute) t the develpment f scientific theries. Thught experiments are nt always abut prving smething right 44 wrng with a definite answer. Instead, by making abstract, cmplex ideas mre cncrete and accessible, thught experiments can stimulate debate and lead t a mre thrugh understanding f the tpic 45 questin.
【答案】
36．pursuing 37．t be knwn 38．when 39．remaining 40．depth 41．experimental 42．a 43．have cntributed 44．r 45．in
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了直觉思维被认为是爱因斯坦最著名的思维实验之一，它发生在想象中。解释了“思维实验”的历史以及作用。
36．考查非谓语动词。句意：想象自己在追逐一束光，他推断他应该把这样一束光当作静止的电磁场来观察。此处pursue与himself为主动关系，故用现在分词作宾补，imagine sb ding sth“想象某人正在做某事”。故填pursuing。
37．考查非谓语动词。句意：这种直觉思维被认为是爱因斯坦最著名的思维实验之一，它发生在想象中。表示“被认为是”短语为be knwn as，且上文为短语cme t d sth.。故填t be knwn。
38．考查定语从句。句意：虽然“思维实验”一词起源于19世纪，但思维实验的使用可以追溯到更早的时候，当时古代哲学家用它来探索难题。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词much further back，在从句作时间状语，故用when。故填when。
39．考查形容词。句意：大约2500年前，中国哲学家庄子记录了一个最早的思想实验：如果你把一根长木棍切成两半，然后每天把剩下的部分切成两半，你永远不会把它切完。修饰part应用形容词remaining作定语。故填remaining。
40．考查名词。句意：当我们对世界进行更深入的探索时，我们可能会因为各种限制而无法在现实世界中运行实验场景。作介词的宾语，应用名词depth，短语in depth表示“深度”。故填depth。
41．考查形容词。句意：当我们对世界进行更深入的探索时，我们可能会因为各种限制而无法在现实世界中运行实验场景。修饰名词scenari应用形容词experimental。故填experimental。
42．考查冠词。句意：在这种情况下，我们进入了思想实验的领域，这是一种有价值的手段，可以测试我们知识的局限性，促进我们对世界的理解。此处means为泛指，且valuable是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
43．考查时态。句意：纵观历史，思想实验对科学理论的发展做出了贡献。表示过去发生的事情对现在产生影响为现在完成时，主语为thught experiments，助动词用have。故填have cntributed。
44．考查连词。句意：思想实验并不总是用一个明确的答案来证明某事是对还是错。此处表示选择关系，表示“或者”应用连词r。故填r。
45．考查介词。句意：相反，通过使抽象、复杂的想法更具体、更容易理解，思维实验可以激发后期的辩论，并导致对所讨论主题的更彻底的理解。短语in questin表示“正在讨论”。故填in。
第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46．假如你是李华。你的英国朋友Ryan来信了解你校英语校本课程（the English language schl-based curriculum）开设情况。请你用英语写一封回信。内容包括：
1.课程简介；
2.开设情况；
3.学生反响。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Ryan,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Ryan,
Glad t hear frm yu. Learning that yu’re cncerned abut the English language schl-based curriculum in ur schl, I’d like t give yu a brief intrductin.
Our curriculum is mdule-based with age-apprpriate themes and tpics that match with pupils’ develpment stages. Varius reading bklets have been develped ver the years, frm elective mdules in the senir frms t enhancement curses. They are available every Friday afternn with an active invlvement f the students.
The students nw pay mre attentin t cmmunicating and cultural skills in the language rather than fcus n test-riented learning.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Ryan介绍你校英语校本课程的开设情况。
【详解】1.词汇积累
课程：curriculum/ curse→lessn
参与：invlvement→engagement
集中：fcus n→cncentrate n
各种各样的：varius→a variety f
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Varius reading bklets have been develped ver the years, frm elective mdules in the senir frms t enhancement curses.
拓展句：Varius reading bklets have been develped ver the years, which include elective mdules in the senir frms and enhancement curses.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Learning that yu’re cncerned abut the English language schl-based curriculum in ur schl, I’d like t give yu a brief intrductin. (运用了现在分词作状语和that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Our curriculum is mdule-based with age-apprpriate themes and tpics that match with pupils’ develpment stages. (运用了that引导定语从句)
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My Best Examinatin
One day, while at wrk in a cal-mine in Malden, I happened t verhear tw miners talking abut a great schl fr pr peple in Virginia. It was Hamptn Institute. The schl was established t prvide pprtunities fr pr but wrthy students wh culd wrk ut all r a part f the cst f bard, and at the same time be taught sme trade r industry.
I was n fire cnstantly with ne ambitin, and that was t g t schl. I decided at nce t g t that schl. Finally the great day came and I started fr Hamptn. I had nly a small, cheap bag that cntained what few articles f clthing I culd get. The distance frm Malden t Hamptn is abut five hundred miles. I had nt been away frm hme many hurs befre it began t grw painfully evident that I did nt have enugh mney t pay my fare (路费) t Hamptn.
By walking and begging rides in sme way, I finally reached the grunds f the Hamptn Institute after a number f days, tired and dirty. As sn as pssible after reaching, I presented myself befre the head teacher fr assignment t a class. Having been s lng withut prper fd, a bath, and change f clthing, I was like a wrthless lafer (游荡者).
I did nt, f curse, make a very favurable impressin upn her, and I culd see at nce that there were dubts in her mind abut the wisdm f admitting me as a student. I tried t impress her in all the ways I culd with my wrthiness. Hw I wished that I culd get a chance t shw what was in me.
After sme time, the head teacher said t me, “The adjining (隔壁的) classrm needs sweeping. Take the brm and sweep it.”
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
It ccurred t me at nce that here was my chance.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The head teacher went int the rm and inspected the flr and clsets.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】范文
It ccurred t me at nce that here was my chance. Never did I receive an rder with mre delight. I knew I culd sweep, fr my parents thrughly taught me hw t d that when I was yung. I swept the rm three times. Then I gt a dusting-clth and I dusted it fur times. All the wdwrk arund the walls, every bench, table and desk, I went ver fur times with my dusting-clth, I had the feeling that in a large measure my future depended upn the impressin I made upn the teacher in the cleaning f that rm. When I was thrugh, I reprted t her.
The head teacher went int the rm and inspected the flr and clsets. Then she tk her handkerchief and rubbed it n the wdwrk abut the walls, and ver the table and benches. When she was unable t find ne bit f dirt n the flr, r a particle f dust n any f the furniture, she quietly remarked, “I guess yu will d t enter this institutin.” I was ne f the happiest suls n earth. The sweeping f that rm was my cllege examinatin! I have passed several examinatins since then, but I have always felt that this was the best ne I had ever passed.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者想要去一个为穷人开设的学校去上学，但是没能给班主任留下好印象。最终作者因为打扫教室一尘不染通过了班主任的测验，被成功认可。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我立刻想到，我的机会来了。”可知，第一段可描写作者认真打扫教室的经过以及完成后向班主任报告。
②由第二段首句内容“校长走进房间，检查了地板和壁橱。”可知，第二段可描写班主任检查的结果以及作者被认可。
2.续写线索：意识到机会来了——认真打扫教室——完成——班主任检查——作者被认可——作者感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①打扫：sweep/clean/tidy up
②取决于：depend upn/lie n
③通过：pass/ get thrugh
情绪类
①快乐：happy/merry
②平静：quietly/calmly
【点睛】[高分句型1] When I was thrugh, I reprted t her. (运用了when引导时间状语从句)
[高分句型2] Never did I receive an rder with mre delight. I knew I culd sweep, fr my parents thrughly taught me hw t d that when I was yung. (运用了部分倒装句)
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