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2024年高考押题预测卷01（广东山东卷）英语（考试版）
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这是一份2024年高考押题预测卷01（广东山东卷）英语（考试版），共10页。
英 语
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
MUSICAL HERITAGES FROM ANCIENT CHINA
Since remte antiquity, Chinese peple have used music t recrd their lives and describe the ideals in their hearts. Catchy tunes are nt nly played n precius instruments, but als visualized in carvings, paintings, and buildings. Feel free t explre here!
Han Dynasty (202 BC-AD 220)
This perid marked the significant develpment f the manufacturing f gugin and its music. The example unearthed frm the Mawangdui Han Dynasty Tmb in Changsha, Hunan prvince, prves that gugin had develped int the frm knwn tday during that perid. It shws 7 strings and 13 markers indicating the pressing psitins f vertne series.
Nrthern Wei Dynasty (386-534)
Buddhism and its musical culture spread extensively during this perid. Buddhist temples prvided places fr musical activities, which were recrded in. many f the-existing stne carvings. Lcated in Gngyi, Henan prvince, the Grtl Temple is-famus fr its reliefs representing musical events. They are precius histrical materials reflecting the music characteristics f the dynasty.
Sng Dynasty (960-1279)
With ecnmic develpment, a variety f musical cultures emerged t meet the entertainment needs f different scial classes. Part f the painting Life alng the Bian River al the Pure Brightness Festival vividly reveals a strytelling perfrmance. The painter adpted delicate techniques t truly recrd a street perfrmer, whse superb skills are reflected by each listener’s shw f appreciatin.
Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)
At this time, traditinal Chinese peras develped rapidly, prmting the frmatin f many singing styles. Peple began t enjy peras and drama stages were built. Cvering a cnstructin area f mre than 160 square meters, the Fancun village drama stage in Shanxi prvince prvides rich materials fr the study f the lcal flk culture.
1．Which heritage wuld a fan f classical instruments explre?
A．The Ming Dynasty drama stage.B．The Sng Dynasty painting.
C．The Nrthern Wei Dynasty temple.D．The Han Dynasty tmb.
2．What cntributed t the diversity f Sng Dynasty musical cultures?
A．Ecnmy.B．Plitics.C．Religin.D．Technlgy.
3．Which perid witnessed the bm f Chinese peras?
A．Han Dynasty.B．Nrthern Wei Dynasty.
C．Sng Dynasty.D．Ming Dynasty.
B
I started a “questin f the day” sectin in a family text grup. We’d talk abut everything frm mvies t plitics. But despite several warnings frm lved nes that sme f my respnses were judgmental and that I was t quick t attack an pinin, I all but killed that grup text. It had a gd 12 peple in it. We’d shared laughs, encuragement, and funny memes (表情包). It tk nly ne cnversatin — which I was in the middle f — t end it.
I realized that I had a prblem. The medium fr my prblem is the smartphne. Befre smartphnes enabled instant cmmunicatin, peple talked n the telephne. In persn, yu culd cut in a “What d yu mean by that?” t crrect a misunderstanding befre it gt ut f hand. Dn’t get me wrng: I lve a gd grup text. It makes me feel cnnected t peple in a way that I just can’t seem t anymre, nw that I have a wife and kids.
I’m learning, but I had a relapse (复发) recently. I jined a new text grup. I intrduced my “questin f the day” feature. I fled myself int thinking that I was encuraging a healthy debate n current events. N. Others in the grup saw it as me trying t prve that my way was the right way. Then I made the mistake f sharing sme persnal infrmatin that ne friend had tld me during a phne cnversatin. I thught everyne knew. Then this friend started referring t me as a snitch — nt terms f kind wrd. S I asked him abut it — in persn. That’s when he tld me I’d shared sensitive infrmatin he hadn’t tld anyne else. I aplgized plentifully and came away frm the cnversatin mre determined t slw dwn my texts.
My new reslve seems t be wrking. Yu shuld be pleased t knw that I have avided making a few pints that I was tempted (鼓动) t make in individual and grup texts. In sme cases, I didn’t even respnd. I haven’t lst any mre cnnectins by ding this.
4．Hw des the authr intrduce the tpic?
A．By making judgments n plitics.B．By respnding t sme text messages.
C．By presenting a persnal experience.D．By starting a funny cnversatin.
5．What prblem des the authr have in digital cmmunicatin?
A．Ignring the need t listen t thers.B．Making quick and sharp respnses.
C．Failing t express himself timely.D．Fcusing n the issues f his wn.
6．Why was the authr attacked by his friend in the text grup?
A．He gave away the privacy f his friend.
B．He always made mistakes n current events.
C．He made a fl f himself in chatting.
D．He liked enquiring persnal infrmatin.
7．What des the authr learn frm his experience?
A．Hurry makes waste.B．Understanding each ther is vital.
C．Smetimes fast is just t fast.D．Trust is the bridge f cmmunicatin.
C
High in the Swiss Alps and the Arctic, scientists have discvered micrbes (微生物) that can digest plastics — imprtantly, withut the need t apply extra heat. Their findings, published in the jurnal Frntiers in Micrbilgy, culd ne day imprve plastic recycling.
It’s n secret that plastic pllutin is still a big, glbal issue. Since its prductin explded during and after Wrld War II, humans have created mre than 9.1 billin tns f plastic — and researchers estimate that less than ne tenth f the resulting waste has been recycled. T make matters wrse, the mst cmmn recycling ptin — when plastic is washed, prcessed and turned int new prducts — desn’t actually reduce waste: The recycled materials are ften f lwer quality and might later end up in a landfill all the same.
S, researchers are lking fr slutins t the plastics prblem that g beynd cnventinal recycling — and ne prcess they’ve experimented with is breaking dwn plastics using micrbes. But the knwn plastic-digesting micrbes can nly d s at warm temperatures abve 85 degrees Fahrenheit. When dne at an industrial scale, the amunt f energy needed t generate that much heat makes the prcess give ff mre carbn —and cst mre mney.
But the micrbes fund in the Arctic and Swiss Alps can functin at cler temperatures: They were able t break dwn bidegradable (可生物降解的) plastics at 59 degrees Fahrenheit. In the new study, c-authr Jel Rüthi and his clleagues discvered that f the ttal 34 types f micrbes examined,19 were successfully able t break dwn a frm f plastic called plyester-plyurethane, and 17 culd break dwn tw types f bidegradable plastic mixtures.
Unfrtunately, the plastics that the micrbes partially degraded represent a “really small amunt f plastics in circulatin,” said Gavin Lear, an envirnmental micrbilgist, wh was nt invlved in the study. Lear acknwledged that using natural micrbes can prvide a head start when it cmes t designing a strategy fr bi-recycling. If we mve away frm the cnventinal nn-bidegradable materials, “and we start t use mre f these bidegradable plastics, then it’s gd that we knw hw t degrade them mre quickly s they’re less f an envirnmental prblem,” he cncluded.
8．What d we knw abut the cnventinal recycling?
A．It des nt live up t expectatins.B．It cntributes t mre waste.
C．It is nt as ppular as befre.D．It ensures new prduct quality.
9．Which best describes the methd f using the micrbes in the previus studies?
A．Impractical.B．PineeringC．Reliable.D．Invaluable.
10．Why is the new study mentined in paragraph 4?
A．T prve the micrbes have an bvius taste preference.
B．T shw the finding pens drs t a mre efficient system.
C．T clarify hw the prcess f breaking dwn plastics wrks.
D．T explain why bi-recycling is better than cnventinal recycling.
11．What d the underlined wrds “head start” in paragraph 5 mean?
A．Reward.B．Criterin.C．Prtectin.D．Advantage.
D
Why d children learn s quickly? Is it simply a necessity, r is a child’s brain mre capable f taking in new infrmatin than an adult’s brain?
“It is a cmmn way f thinking that ‘children are like spnges’ and have the magical ability t learn new skills faster than an adult, but there are sme miscnceptins here, “ said Debbie Raven, a researcher at the University f Chester. “A child’s cgnitive (认知的) develpment is age-related and, naturally, children perfrm wrse than their lder peers in mst areas. Hwever, there are times when being yung brings an advantage, and this is especially true arund their earliest years.
This advantage is largely due t neurplasticity, meaning the brain’s ability t frm and change its cnnectins, pathways and wiring based n experiences. Neurplasticity is what gives children the capacity t learn-and, if necessary, unlearn-habits, rutines, appraches and actins very quickly. This ability is mst cnstant and rapid befre a child’s fifth birthday, when much f what they encunter r experience is nvel. “This ability t learn quickly is cnnected t several areas, including plasticity, their experiences with adults, their envirnment, and their bilgical drive t explre, “ Raven said. “Childhd is a place where children spend their time catching up with adults’ mre sphisticated abilities. “
Language learning, in particular, is an area where children ften have a huge advantage ver adults. This is largely because “babies are able t tune in t the rhythm and sunds used in their native language, and can therefre becme fluent speakers by the age f fur. “This ability can help yung children learn a secnd r third language with apparent ease, Raven said.
In a research paper, the authrs suggest that “human babies are brn seeing and hearing linguistic infrmatin that lder children and adults miss, althugh they lse this ability with mre experience in their envirnments. Mrever, babies can “discriminate speech sunds and tnes used in al f the wrld’s languages, making them pen t al input, regardless f the linguistic envirnment they are brn int.
12．Why des Raven make the remarks in paragraph 2?
A．T prve a new thery.B．T share persnal experience.
C．T crrect a wrng belief.D．T slve lng-held cnfusin.
13．What’s ne feature f “neurplasticity”?
A．It enables children t break a habit quickly.
B．It accmpanies a persn all thrugh his life.
C．It is entirely based n a kid’s past experiences.
D．It disappears sn after a child’s fifth birthday.
14．What impacts kids’ quick learning ability accrding t Raven?
A．Their brain structure.B．Their habits and rutines.
C．Their parents’ experiences.D．Their inbrn desire t explre.
15．What des the authr mainly talk abut in the last tw paragraphs?
A．Why children are talented language learners.
B．What are the prper ways f learning languages.
C．When is the best time t learn freign languages.
D．Hw envirnments can influence language learning.
第二节（共5小题：每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分）
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Hw t Chse Yur Purpse-Filled Career
When yu think abut chsing a career, yu ften d it in the fllwing tw ways.
Think abut what yu like t d. If yu like writing r ding crafts, yu might cnsider these things. This is nt a bad way t g, f curse, but yu can’t always make mney ding things yu like (like vide games r drinking beer). 16
Think abut a well-paid jb that yu can d and desn’t sund s bad. 17 Or maybe that’s ut f yur educatinal reach, s yu chse ffice r retail wrker. These are all great chices. But ften they are nt smething yu’re really passinate abut. It’s kind f like just ding smething because it’s there——nt very inspired.
18 Try t d smething t serve a cmmunity r make the wrld better. Fr example, taking care f children, because yu really want t help children get a great start in life, r blssm int wh they want t be r getting int gvernment r scial wrk t imprve the cnditins f the cmmunity yu live in r becming a scientist t help ease the envirnmental crisis r find a cure fr a terrible disease. 19 And if yu chse ne f them fr that purpse, yu will serve in that wrk feeling a sense f purpse each day.
20 The pint isn’t hw yu serve the wrld, but just serving the wrld in sme way will help yu feel filled with purpse. If yu chse a purpseful and enjyable jb, yu’re always further alng than mst peple.
A．There are endless ways t d that.
B．Maybe a dctr, engineer r lawyer?
C．Hwever, there’s anther way that is perhaps better.
D．Yu are dreaming f a well-paid jb which yu like best.
E．It’s essential nt t cncentrate n interests and gd payment.
F．Each f these is just ne f many pssibilities filled with purpse.
G．And smetimes things yu like are better as a hbby r side passin.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was srting thrugh sme bxes in the lft last week when I came acrss a teddy bear frm my childhd. The mment that I saw my 21 ld friend, pwerful memries 22 frm nearly 50 years befre. In an instant I was 23 with where I lived, wh was arund-and hw I felt-at an extremely happy time f my life.
Nt all bjects generate such 24 memries, hwever. I nce had t thrw a pair f running shrts because they 25 me t much f the day I 26 and ended up with a brken wrist! But maybe I was t 27 and shuld nt blame my shrts.
Accrding t a recent study, it’s pssible t use thinking tricks t remve negative 28 . And, in the prcess, yu can learn a lt abut hw memry wrks-including hw t get yurs under 29 .
30 were effectively shwn hw t create cnnectins between an item and a set f negative emtins. They did this using vivid mental imagery（意象）—linking a child’s trainer t images f playgrund accident, fr example, s that the bject became 31 t have.
Later, they were shwn hw t 32 frget thse feelings by cnsciusly（有意识地）pushing away any pictures that appeared. And this turned ut t be mre than just a 33 distractin（分心）. It gradually weakened the bad memries—in sme cases, 34 them altgether.
It shws that recall relies n assciatins and images. And yu can strengthen bth f these 35 when yu want t remember.
21．A．fadedB．expectedC．ruinedD．unknwn
22．A．turned verB．flded backC．brke utD．came dwn
23．A．unfamiliarB．equippedC．recnnectedD．ccupied
24．A．welcmeB．ld-fashinedC．paleD．frgettable
25．A．accusedB．cnvincedC．infrmedD．reminded
26．A．peratedB．rippedC．arrivedD．hesitated
27．A．thughtlessB．wrriedC．hurriedD．depressed
28．A．explanatinsB．cmmentsC．cmpetitinsD．assciatins
29．A．cntrlB．pressureC．cnsideratinD．discussin
30．A．SubjectsB．TricksC．AdventuresD．Memries
31．A．naturalB．supprtiveC．excitedD．uncmfrtable
32．A．vitallyB．persnallyC．respectivelyD．actively
33．A．realisticB．substantialC．tempraryD．precise
34．A．awakeningB．erasingC．practicingD．linking
35．A．experiencesB．picturesC．factrsD．abilities
第二节（共10小题：每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
What wuld we bserve if we traveled at the speed f light? This is a questin Albert Einstein asked him-self at the age f 16. Imagining himself 36 (pursue) a beam f light, he reasned that he shuld bserve such a beam f light as an electrmagnetic field at rest. This intuitive thinking came 37 (knw) as ne f Einstein’s mst famus thught experiments, which take place in the imaginatin.
While the term “thught experiment” riginated in the 19th century, the use f thught experiments can be traced much further back, 38 ancient philsphers used them t explre difficult questins. Abut 2,500 years ag, Chinese philspher Zhuangzi recrded ne f the earliest thught experiments: if yu cut a lng stick in half and then cut the 39 (remain) part in tw each fllwing day, yu will never finish cutting it.
As we explre the wrld in greater 40 (deep), we may reach a pint where it is impssible t run an 41 (experiment) scenari (设想) in the real wrld due t varius limitatins. In such circumstances, we mve int the area f thught experiments, which functin as 42 valuable means t test the limits f ur knwledge and advance ur understanding f the wrld.
Thrughut histry, thught experiments 43 (cntribute) t the develpment f scientific theries. Thught experiments are nt always abut prving smething right 44 wrng with a definite answer. Instead, by making abstract, cmplex ideas mre cncrete and accessible, thught experiments can stimulate debate and lead t a mre thrugh understanding f the tpic 45 questin.
第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46．假如你是李华。你的英国朋友Ryan来信了解你校英语校本课程（the English language schl-based curriculum）开设情况。请你用英语写一封回信。内容包括：
1.课程简介；
2.开设情况；
3.学生反响。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Ryan,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My Best Examinatin
One day, while at wrk in a cal-mine in Malden, I happened t verhear tw miners talking abut a great schl fr pr peple in Virginia. It was Hamptn Institute. The schl was established t prvide pprtunities fr pr but wrthy students wh culd wrk ut all r a part f the cst f bard, and at the same time be taught sme trade r industry.
I was n fire cnstantly with ne ambitin, and that was t g t schl. I decided at nce t g t that schl. Finally the great day came and I started fr Hamptn. I had nly a small, cheap bag that cntained what few articles f clthing I culd get. The distance frm Malden t Hamptn is abut five hundred miles. I had nt been away frm hme many hurs befre it began t grw painfully evident that I did nt have enugh mney t pay my fare (路费) t Hamptn.
By walking and begging rides in sme way, I finally reached the grunds f the Hamptn Institute after a number f days, tired and dirty. As sn as pssible after reaching, I presented myself befre the head teacher fr assignment t a class. Having been s lng withut prper fd, a bath, and change f clthing, I was like a wrthless lafer (游荡者).
I did nt, f curse, make a very favurable impressin upn her, and I culd see at nce that there were dubts in her mind abut the wisdm f admitting me as a student. I tried t impress her in all the ways I culd with my wrthiness. Hw I wished that I culd get a chance t shw what was in me.
After sme time, the head teacher said t me, “The adjining (隔壁的) classrm needs sweeping. Take the brm and sweep it.”
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
It ccurred t me at nce that here was my chance.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The head teacher went int the rm and inspected the flr and clsets.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
英 语
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
MUSICAL HERITAGES FROM ANCIENT CHINA
Since remte antiquity, Chinese peple have used music t recrd their lives and describe the ideals in their hearts. Catchy tunes are nt nly played n precius instruments, but als visualized in carvings, paintings, and buildings. Feel free t explre here!
Han Dynasty (202 BC-AD 220)
This perid marked the significant develpment f the manufacturing f gugin and its music. The example unearthed frm the Mawangdui Han Dynasty Tmb in Changsha, Hunan prvince, prves that gugin had develped int the frm knwn tday during that perid. It shws 7 strings and 13 markers indicating the pressing psitins f vertne series.
Nrthern Wei Dynasty (386-534)
Buddhism and its musical culture spread extensively during this perid. Buddhist temples prvided places fr musical activities, which were recrded in. many f the-existing stne carvings. Lcated in Gngyi, Henan prvince, the Grtl Temple is-famus fr its reliefs representing musical events. They are precius histrical materials reflecting the music characteristics f the dynasty.
Sng Dynasty (960-1279)
With ecnmic develpment, a variety f musical cultures emerged t meet the entertainment needs f different scial classes. Part f the painting Life alng the Bian River al the Pure Brightness Festival vividly reveals a strytelling perfrmance. The painter adpted delicate techniques t truly recrd a street perfrmer, whse superb skills are reflected by each listener’s shw f appreciatin.
Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)
At this time, traditinal Chinese peras develped rapidly, prmting the frmatin f many singing styles. Peple began t enjy peras and drama stages were built. Cvering a cnstructin area f mre than 160 square meters, the Fancun village drama stage in Shanxi prvince prvides rich materials fr the study f the lcal flk culture.
1．Which heritage wuld a fan f classical instruments explre?
A．The Ming Dynasty drama stage.B．The Sng Dynasty painting.
C．The Nrthern Wei Dynasty temple.D．The Han Dynasty tmb.
2．What cntributed t the diversity f Sng Dynasty musical cultures?
A．Ecnmy.B．Plitics.C．Religin.D．Technlgy.
3．Which perid witnessed the bm f Chinese peras?
A．Han Dynasty.B．Nrthern Wei Dynasty.
C．Sng Dynasty.D．Ming Dynasty.
B
I started a “questin f the day” sectin in a family text grup. We’d talk abut everything frm mvies t plitics. But despite several warnings frm lved nes that sme f my respnses were judgmental and that I was t quick t attack an pinin, I all but killed that grup text. It had a gd 12 peple in it. We’d shared laughs, encuragement, and funny memes (表情包). It tk nly ne cnversatin — which I was in the middle f — t end it.
I realized that I had a prblem. The medium fr my prblem is the smartphne. Befre smartphnes enabled instant cmmunicatin, peple talked n the telephne. In persn, yu culd cut in a “What d yu mean by that?” t crrect a misunderstanding befre it gt ut f hand. Dn’t get me wrng: I lve a gd grup text. It makes me feel cnnected t peple in a way that I just can’t seem t anymre, nw that I have a wife and kids.
I’m learning, but I had a relapse (复发) recently. I jined a new text grup. I intrduced my “questin f the day” feature. I fled myself int thinking that I was encuraging a healthy debate n current events. N. Others in the grup saw it as me trying t prve that my way was the right way. Then I made the mistake f sharing sme persnal infrmatin that ne friend had tld me during a phne cnversatin. I thught everyne knew. Then this friend started referring t me as a snitch — nt terms f kind wrd. S I asked him abut it — in persn. That’s when he tld me I’d shared sensitive infrmatin he hadn’t tld anyne else. I aplgized plentifully and came away frm the cnversatin mre determined t slw dwn my texts.
My new reslve seems t be wrking. Yu shuld be pleased t knw that I have avided making a few pints that I was tempted (鼓动) t make in individual and grup texts. In sme cases, I didn’t even respnd. I haven’t lst any mre cnnectins by ding this.
4．Hw des the authr intrduce the tpic?
A．By making judgments n plitics.B．By respnding t sme text messages.
C．By presenting a persnal experience.D．By starting a funny cnversatin.
5．What prblem des the authr have in digital cmmunicatin?
A．Ignring the need t listen t thers.B．Making quick and sharp respnses.
C．Failing t express himself timely.D．Fcusing n the issues f his wn.
6．Why was the authr attacked by his friend in the text grup?
A．He gave away the privacy f his friend.
B．He always made mistakes n current events.
C．He made a fl f himself in chatting.
D．He liked enquiring persnal infrmatin.
7．What des the authr learn frm his experience?
A．Hurry makes waste.B．Understanding each ther is vital.
C．Smetimes fast is just t fast.D．Trust is the bridge f cmmunicatin.
C
High in the Swiss Alps and the Arctic, scientists have discvered micrbes (微生物) that can digest plastics — imprtantly, withut the need t apply extra heat. Their findings, published in the jurnal Frntiers in Micrbilgy, culd ne day imprve plastic recycling.
It’s n secret that plastic pllutin is still a big, glbal issue. Since its prductin explded during and after Wrld War II, humans have created mre than 9.1 billin tns f plastic — and researchers estimate that less than ne tenth f the resulting waste has been recycled. T make matters wrse, the mst cmmn recycling ptin — when plastic is washed, prcessed and turned int new prducts — desn’t actually reduce waste: The recycled materials are ften f lwer quality and might later end up in a landfill all the same.
S, researchers are lking fr slutins t the plastics prblem that g beynd cnventinal recycling — and ne prcess they’ve experimented with is breaking dwn plastics using micrbes. But the knwn plastic-digesting micrbes can nly d s at warm temperatures abve 85 degrees Fahrenheit. When dne at an industrial scale, the amunt f energy needed t generate that much heat makes the prcess give ff mre carbn —and cst mre mney.
But the micrbes fund in the Arctic and Swiss Alps can functin at cler temperatures: They were able t break dwn bidegradable (可生物降解的) plastics at 59 degrees Fahrenheit. In the new study, c-authr Jel Rüthi and his clleagues discvered that f the ttal 34 types f micrbes examined,19 were successfully able t break dwn a frm f plastic called plyester-plyurethane, and 17 culd break dwn tw types f bidegradable plastic mixtures.
Unfrtunately, the plastics that the micrbes partially degraded represent a “really small amunt f plastics in circulatin,” said Gavin Lear, an envirnmental micrbilgist, wh was nt invlved in the study. Lear acknwledged that using natural micrbes can prvide a head start when it cmes t designing a strategy fr bi-recycling. If we mve away frm the cnventinal nn-bidegradable materials, “and we start t use mre f these bidegradable plastics, then it’s gd that we knw hw t degrade them mre quickly s they’re less f an envirnmental prblem,” he cncluded.
8．What d we knw abut the cnventinal recycling?
A．It des nt live up t expectatins.B．It cntributes t mre waste.
C．It is nt as ppular as befre.D．It ensures new prduct quality.
9．Which best describes the methd f using the micrbes in the previus studies?
A．Impractical.B．PineeringC．Reliable.D．Invaluable.
10．Why is the new study mentined in paragraph 4?
A．T prve the micrbes have an bvius taste preference.
B．T shw the finding pens drs t a mre efficient system.
C．T clarify hw the prcess f breaking dwn plastics wrks.
D．T explain why bi-recycling is better than cnventinal recycling.
11．What d the underlined wrds “head start” in paragraph 5 mean?
A．Reward.B．Criterin.C．Prtectin.D．Advantage.
D
Why d children learn s quickly? Is it simply a necessity, r is a child’s brain mre capable f taking in new infrmatin than an adult’s brain?
“It is a cmmn way f thinking that ‘children are like spnges’ and have the magical ability t learn new skills faster than an adult, but there are sme miscnceptins here, “ said Debbie Raven, a researcher at the University f Chester. “A child’s cgnitive (认知的) develpment is age-related and, naturally, children perfrm wrse than their lder peers in mst areas. Hwever, there are times when being yung brings an advantage, and this is especially true arund their earliest years.
This advantage is largely due t neurplasticity, meaning the brain’s ability t frm and change its cnnectins, pathways and wiring based n experiences. Neurplasticity is what gives children the capacity t learn-and, if necessary, unlearn-habits, rutines, appraches and actins very quickly. This ability is mst cnstant and rapid befre a child’s fifth birthday, when much f what they encunter r experience is nvel. “This ability t learn quickly is cnnected t several areas, including plasticity, their experiences with adults, their envirnment, and their bilgical drive t explre, “ Raven said. “Childhd is a place where children spend their time catching up with adults’ mre sphisticated abilities. “
Language learning, in particular, is an area where children ften have a huge advantage ver adults. This is largely because “babies are able t tune in t the rhythm and sunds used in their native language, and can therefre becme fluent speakers by the age f fur. “This ability can help yung children learn a secnd r third language with apparent ease, Raven said.
In a research paper, the authrs suggest that “human babies are brn seeing and hearing linguistic infrmatin that lder children and adults miss, althugh they lse this ability with mre experience in their envirnments. Mrever, babies can “discriminate speech sunds and tnes used in al f the wrld’s languages, making them pen t al input, regardless f the linguistic envirnment they are brn int.
12．Why des Raven make the remarks in paragraph 2?
A．T prve a new thery.B．T share persnal experience.
C．T crrect a wrng belief.D．T slve lng-held cnfusin.
13．What’s ne feature f “neurplasticity”?
A．It enables children t break a habit quickly.
B．It accmpanies a persn all thrugh his life.
C．It is entirely based n a kid’s past experiences.
D．It disappears sn after a child’s fifth birthday.
14．What impacts kids’ quick learning ability accrding t Raven?
A．Their brain structure.B．Their habits and rutines.
C．Their parents’ experiences.D．Their inbrn desire t explre.
15．What des the authr mainly talk abut in the last tw paragraphs?
A．Why children are talented language learners.
B．What are the prper ways f learning languages.
C．When is the best time t learn freign languages.
D．Hw envirnments can influence language learning.
第二节（共5小题：每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分）
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Hw t Chse Yur Purpse-Filled Career
When yu think abut chsing a career, yu ften d it in the fllwing tw ways.
Think abut what yu like t d. If yu like writing r ding crafts, yu might cnsider these things. This is nt a bad way t g, f curse, but yu can’t always make mney ding things yu like (like vide games r drinking beer). 16
Think abut a well-paid jb that yu can d and desn’t sund s bad. 17 Or maybe that’s ut f yur educatinal reach, s yu chse ffice r retail wrker. These are all great chices. But ften they are nt smething yu’re really passinate abut. It’s kind f like just ding smething because it’s there——nt very inspired.
18 Try t d smething t serve a cmmunity r make the wrld better. Fr example, taking care f children, because yu really want t help children get a great start in life, r blssm int wh they want t be r getting int gvernment r scial wrk t imprve the cnditins f the cmmunity yu live in r becming a scientist t help ease the envirnmental crisis r find a cure fr a terrible disease. 19 And if yu chse ne f them fr that purpse, yu will serve in that wrk feeling a sense f purpse each day.
20 The pint isn’t hw yu serve the wrld, but just serving the wrld in sme way will help yu feel filled with purpse. If yu chse a purpseful and enjyable jb, yu’re always further alng than mst peple.
A．There are endless ways t d that.
B．Maybe a dctr, engineer r lawyer?
C．Hwever, there’s anther way that is perhaps better.
D．Yu are dreaming f a well-paid jb which yu like best.
E．It’s essential nt t cncentrate n interests and gd payment.
F．Each f these is just ne f many pssibilities filled with purpse.
G．And smetimes things yu like are better as a hbby r side passin.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was srting thrugh sme bxes in the lft last week when I came acrss a teddy bear frm my childhd. The mment that I saw my 21 ld friend, pwerful memries 22 frm nearly 50 years befre. In an instant I was 23 with where I lived, wh was arund-and hw I felt-at an extremely happy time f my life.
Nt all bjects generate such 24 memries, hwever. I nce had t thrw a pair f running shrts because they 25 me t much f the day I 26 and ended up with a brken wrist! But maybe I was t 27 and shuld nt blame my shrts.
Accrding t a recent study, it’s pssible t use thinking tricks t remve negative 28 . And, in the prcess, yu can learn a lt abut hw memry wrks-including hw t get yurs under 29 .
30 were effectively shwn hw t create cnnectins between an item and a set f negative emtins. They did this using vivid mental imagery（意象）—linking a child’s trainer t images f playgrund accident, fr example, s that the bject became 31 t have.
Later, they were shwn hw t 32 frget thse feelings by cnsciusly（有意识地）pushing away any pictures that appeared. And this turned ut t be mre than just a 33 distractin（分心）. It gradually weakened the bad memries—in sme cases, 34 them altgether.
It shws that recall relies n assciatins and images. And yu can strengthen bth f these 35 when yu want t remember.
21．A．fadedB．expectedC．ruinedD．unknwn
22．A．turned verB．flded backC．brke utD．came dwn
23．A．unfamiliarB．equippedC．recnnectedD．ccupied
24．A．welcmeB．ld-fashinedC．paleD．frgettable
25．A．accusedB．cnvincedC．infrmedD．reminded
26．A．peratedB．rippedC．arrivedD．hesitated
27．A．thughtlessB．wrriedC．hurriedD．depressed
28．A．explanatinsB．cmmentsC．cmpetitinsD．assciatins
29．A．cntrlB．pressureC．cnsideratinD．discussin
30．A．SubjectsB．TricksC．AdventuresD．Memries
31．A．naturalB．supprtiveC．excitedD．uncmfrtable
32．A．vitallyB．persnallyC．respectivelyD．actively
33．A．realisticB．substantialC．tempraryD．precise
34．A．awakeningB．erasingC．practicingD．linking
35．A．experiencesB．picturesC．factrsD．abilities
第二节（共10小题：每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
What wuld we bserve if we traveled at the speed f light? This is a questin Albert Einstein asked him-self at the age f 16. Imagining himself 36 (pursue) a beam f light, he reasned that he shuld bserve such a beam f light as an electrmagnetic field at rest. This intuitive thinking came 37 (knw) as ne f Einstein’s mst famus thught experiments, which take place in the imaginatin.
While the term “thught experiment” riginated in the 19th century, the use f thught experiments can be traced much further back, 38 ancient philsphers used them t explre difficult questins. Abut 2,500 years ag, Chinese philspher Zhuangzi recrded ne f the earliest thught experiments: if yu cut a lng stick in half and then cut the 39 (remain) part in tw each fllwing day, yu will never finish cutting it.
As we explre the wrld in greater 40 (deep), we may reach a pint where it is impssible t run an 41 (experiment) scenari (设想) in the real wrld due t varius limitatins. In such circumstances, we mve int the area f thught experiments, which functin as 42 valuable means t test the limits f ur knwledge and advance ur understanding f the wrld.
Thrughut histry, thught experiments 43 (cntribute) t the develpment f scientific theries. Thught experiments are nt always abut prving smething right 44 wrng with a definite answer. Instead, by making abstract, cmplex ideas mre cncrete and accessible, thught experiments can stimulate debate and lead t a mre thrugh understanding f the tpic 45 questin.
第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46．假如你是李华。你的英国朋友Ryan来信了解你校英语校本课程（the English language schl-based curriculum）开设情况。请你用英语写一封回信。内容包括：
1.课程简介；
2.开设情况；
3.学生反响。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Ryan,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My Best Examinatin
One day, while at wrk in a cal-mine in Malden, I happened t verhear tw miners talking abut a great schl fr pr peple in Virginia. It was Hamptn Institute. The schl was established t prvide pprtunities fr pr but wrthy students wh culd wrk ut all r a part f the cst f bard, and at the same time be taught sme trade r industry.
I was n fire cnstantly with ne ambitin, and that was t g t schl. I decided at nce t g t that schl. Finally the great day came and I started fr Hamptn. I had nly a small, cheap bag that cntained what few articles f clthing I culd get. The distance frm Malden t Hamptn is abut five hundred miles. I had nt been away frm hme many hurs befre it began t grw painfully evident that I did nt have enugh mney t pay my fare (路费) t Hamptn.
By walking and begging rides in sme way, I finally reached the grunds f the Hamptn Institute after a number f days, tired and dirty. As sn as pssible after reaching, I presented myself befre the head teacher fr assignment t a class. Having been s lng withut prper fd, a bath, and change f clthing, I was like a wrthless lafer (游荡者).
I did nt, f curse, make a very favurable impressin upn her, and I culd see at nce that there were dubts in her mind abut the wisdm f admitting me as a student. I tried t impress her in all the ways I culd with my wrthiness. Hw I wished that I culd get a chance t shw what was in me.
After sme time, the head teacher said t me, “The adjining (隔壁的) classrm needs sweeping. Take the brm and sweep it.”
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
It ccurred t me at nce that here was my chance.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The head teacher went int the rm and inspected the flr and clsets.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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