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模拟卷02-【赢在中考·黄金8卷】备战2024年中考英语模拟卷（北京专用）
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这是一份模拟卷02-【赢在中考·黄金8卷】备战2024年中考英语模拟卷（北京专用），文件包含黄金卷02北京专用解析版docx、黄金卷02北京专用考试版docx、黄金卷02北京专用参考答案docx等3份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共29页， 欢迎下载使用。
1、锻炼学生的心态。能够帮助同学们树立良好的心态，增加自己的自信心。
2、锻炼学生管理时间。通过模拟考试就会让同学们学会分配时间，学会取舍。
3、熟悉题型和考场。模拟考试是很接近中考的，让同学们提前感受到考场的气氛和布局。
中考的取胜除了平时必要的学习外，还要有一定的答题技巧和良好心态。此外，通过模拟考试还能增强学生们面对高考的信心，希望考生们能够重视模拟考试。
【赢在中考·黄金8卷】备战2024年中考英语模拟卷（北京专用）
黄金卷02
（考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：60分）
第一部分
本部分共33题, 共40分。在每题列出的四个选项中, 选出最符合题目要求的一项。
一、单项填空 (每题0. 5分, 共6分)
从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项
1．My mther is a teacher. She lves students very much.
A．her B．his C．my D．yur
2．—Where is Tm?
—He is playing ftball ___________ the playgrund.
A．f B．t C．n D．frm
3．— __________ bks d yu read every year?
— Abut 30, I lve reading.
A．Hw much B．Hw ld C．Hw many D．Hw ften
4．Paul wrks very hard and he is ne f students in his class.
A．gd B．better C．best D．the best
5．— Wh ________the classrm tmrrw, Tny?
— Our grup.
A．will clean B．cleans C．cleaned D．clean
6．－What are yu ding nw, Kate?
－I _________ an email t my friend.
A．write B．wrte C．have written D．am writing
7．My mther when I gt hme yesterday.
A．will ck B．cks C．has cked D．was cking
8．Miss Smith in ur schl since five years ag.
A．teaches B．taught C．has taught D．is teaching
9．They the English rle play fr the shw last night.
A．will practice B．practiced C．is practicing D．have practiced
10．Get up early, Jhn. yu will be late fr the class.
A．AndB．ButC．SD．Or
11．Many tall buildings in Fangshan last year.
A．are built B．were built C．built D．build
12．— Culd yu please tell me yesterday?
— In the bkshp nearby.
A．Where yu bught the bkB．Where yu buy the bk
C．Where did yu buy the bkD．Where d yu buy the bk
答案：1-5 ACCDA 6-10 DDCBD 11-12 BA
答案解析：
1．【答案】A
【解析】句意：我妈妈是一名老师，她非常爱她的学生们。考查物主代词。A. her她的；B. his他的；C. my我的；D. yur你的，你们的。因空后有名词，故这里要用形容词性物主代词来修饰这个名词，且数需和主语She 保持一致，故答案选A。
2．【答案】C
【解析】句意：——Tm在哪里？——他正在操场上踢足球。考查介词辨析。A. f…的；B. t到；C. n在…之上；D. frm来自、从。由题干可知考查固定词组n the playgrund表示在操场上，故答案选C。
3．【答案】C
【解析】句意：——你每年读几本书？——大约30本，我喜欢读书。考查疑问副词。Hw much对不可数名词提问；Hw ld对年龄提问；Hw many对可数名词提问；Hw ften对频率提问。根据语境，是问每年读几本书，书为可数名词，故答案选C。
4．【答案】D
【解析】句意：保罗学习很努力，他是班上最好的学生之一。考查形容词的最高级的用法。"ne f +the+形容词最高级+复数名词" 固定搭配，表示“最…之一”，形容词最高级前面要用定冠词the修饰，故答案选D。
5．【答案】A
【解析】句意：-- Tny，明天谁将打扫教室？--我们组。根据时间状语tmrrw可知，句子应该用一般将来时，一般将来时是谓语动词的形式：will+动词原形。故选A。
6．【答案】D
【解析】句意：——凯特，你现在在干什么？——我正在给我的朋友写一封电子邮件。
考查时态。write一般现在时；wrte一般过去时；have written现在完成时；am writing现在进行时；根据上文“What are yu ding nw, Kate?”—— 问说话时正在发生的动作，用现在进行时；故选D。
7．【答案】D
【解析】句意：当我昨天回到家的时候，我的妈妈正在做饭。考查的是过去进行时。根据 when引导的一般过去时的时间状语从句推断主句描述的是过去某个时间正在发生的动作，故用过去进行时态，过去进行时的构成是：主语+was/were+动词的现在分词，主语是第三人称单数所以be动词用was，ck的现在分词是cking；故答案选D。
8．【答案】C
【解析】句意：Smith小姐从5年前就已经在我们学校教书了。考查现在完成时。since five years ag自从五年前以来，意为自从五年前以来他就教我们英语，表示状态的持续，用于现在完成时；现在完成时的构成：主语+have/has+动词过去分词；主语是Miss Smith，所以助动词用has，teach教，实义动词，过去分词是taught，故答案选C。
9．【答案】B
【解析】句意：昨天晚上为了演出他们练习了英语角色扮演。考查一般过去时。根据提示词last night可知时态用一般过去时，“练习”practice，其过去式为practiced，故答案选B。
10．【答案】D
【解析】句意：快点起床，Jhn，否则你就上课迟到了。考查连词。A. And和；B. But但是；C. S因此；D. Or或者、否则。根据句意：快点起床，Jhn，否则你就上课迟到了，可知D选项符合题意，故答案选D。
点睛：A. And和，表示并列；B. But但是，表示转折；C. S因此，表示结果；D. Or或者、否则，表示选择。根据题干可知本题还考查句式：祈使句+r+简单句，r表示转折。根据句意：快点起床，Jhn，否则你就上课迟到了，可知D选项符合题意，故答案选D。
11．【答案】B
【解析】句意：去年房山建了许多高楼。考查一般过去时的被动语态。由标志词last year可知时态应用一般过去时态，而且"楼"是被建立起来的，所以应用被动语态；一般过去时的被动语态为：was/were+动词过去分词；主语buildings是复数，be动词用were，build“建立”的过去分词是built，故答案选B。
12．【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你能告诉我你昨天在哪里买的书吗？——在附近的书店。考查宾语从句。根据Culd yu please tell me可知本题考查宾语从句，宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序，所以排除C、D选项；又因为提示词yesterday可知时态用一般过去时，而B选项用的是一般现在时，所以排除；故答案选A。
二、完形填空 (每题1分, 共8分)
阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。
Frm the time I was a child grwing up in New Jersey, I lved spending weekends with my grandparents. I felt 13 in Granny’s small kitchen. We always had peaceful cnversatins, and Granny always seemed t include sme wisdm with every dish she prepared.
I remember ne Saturday mrning. I was abut 11 years ld. After breakfast I asked Granny, “What kind f 14 are yu making tday?” “Vegetable beef,” she answered. “And yu can help by cutting sme carrts.” I slwly cut the carrts, I said, “I’ve gt t give a reprt next week and I’m scared （害怕的）. I dn’t like standing in frnt f everybdy. What if I frget what I’m ging t say? Or what if smebdy laughs?” “And what if yu d just fine?” Granny asked. “Have yu 15 ntes?” “Well, n. That wuld be a lt f wrk.” “Hard wrk never hurts anyne,” Granny said. “Yu culd try practicing in frnt f a 16 . It’s easy t find hw well yu are practicing.”
I pushed the pieces f carrts t the side f the cutting bard and went n t cmplain abut schlwrk, friends and family. Granny tk it all in, listening 17 while I talked abut s many pieces f grief （伤心事） in my life.
“Tracy,” she said, “there’s nthing wrng with a little truble in yur life. Well, yu knw, a lt f peple dn’t make hmemade sup these days. They say it’s t much truble. But I dn’t mind such a little 18 . It adds flavr （滋味） t my sup — and t my life. My sup wuld be pretty bland （平淡） 19 the vegetables, and s wuld my life if it didn’t have the little ups and dwns.” She smiled and then started washing the dishes.
While I helped Granny clean up, I thught abut what she had said. Maybe I culd 20 a little truble int smething as special as Granny’s hmemade sup. I wuld have t wrk n them. Granny had said hard wrk paid ff.
13．A．unhappyB．excitedC．relaxedD．lucky
14．A．supB．breadC．dinnerD．flavr
15．A．reviewedB．preparedC．readD．fund
16．A．mirrrB．wallC．persnD．dr
17．A．quietlyB．carelesslyC．patientlyD．hpefully
18．A．supB．dishC．wrkD．truble
19．A．withB．withutC．ut f D．away frm
20．A．develpB．makeC．grwD．turn
13．C 14．A 15．B 16．A 17．C 18．D 19．B 20．D
【解析】
13．句意：我在奶奶家的小厨房里感到放松。
A. unhappy不高兴，B. excited兴奋的，C. relaxed放松的，D. lucky幸运的。根据后文的“We always had peaceful cnversatins,”可知，我们总是进行平静的交谈，因此感到放松。故选C。
14．句意：今天你正在做什么汤？
A. sup汤，B. bread面包，C. dinner晚餐，D. flavr滋味。根据后文的“a lt f peple dn’t make hmemade sup these days.”可知，此处指的是在做汤，故选A。
15．句意：你准备笔记了吗？
A. reviewed复习，B. prepared准备，C. read阅读，D. fund找到。根据前文的“I’ve gt t give a reprt next week”可知，他下周要作报告，因此表示做准备，故选B。
16．句意：你可以在镜子前试着练习。
A. mirrr 镜子，B. wall墙，C. persn 人，D. dr门。结合语境，要练习作报告，可以试着在镜子前练习。故选A。
17．句意：奶奶把这一切都看在眼里，耐心地听我诉说着我生活中的许多伤心事。
A. quietly安静地，B. carelessly粗心地，C. patiently有耐心地，D. hpefully有希望地。根据“while I talked abut s many pieces f grief （伤心事） in my life.”可知，我谈论许多伤心事，因此奶奶应是耐心地听。故选C。
18．句意：但是我不介意这么小的麻烦。
A. sup汤，B. dish菜，C. wrk工作，D. truble麻烦。根据前文的“They say it’s t much truble.”可知，此处指的是麻烦。故选D。
19．句意：如果没有蔬菜，我的汤会很平淡，如果生活中没有小的起伏，我的生活也会如此。
A. with和……一起，B. withut没有，C. ut f由于，D. away frm远离。根据后半句的“s wuld my life if it didn’t have the little ups and dwns.”可知，此处表示没有蔬菜，她的汤会很平淡，故选B。
20．句意：也许我可以把小麻烦变成像奶奶家做的汤一样特别的东西。
A. develp发展，B. make使，C. grw生长， D. turn转动。根据前文的“My sup wuld be pretty bland （平淡）_____7_____ the vegetables, and s wuld my life if it didn’t have the little ups and dwns.”可知，汤里加蔬菜，这样很麻烦，但是汤却有滋味。因此要把麻烦变成像有滋味的汤一样的东西。turn…int…“把……变成……”。故选D。
三、阅读理解 (每题2分, 共26分)
(一) 阅读下列课程介绍, 请根据人物喜好和需求匹配最适合的课程, 并将课程所对应的A、B、C、D选项填在相应位置上。选项中有一项为多余选项。
Ging Green
Fur students are sharing their experience abut living a greener life n the schl bard. Their schlmates can read the passages and get sme advice fr their wn lives.
Please chse the prper passage fr each f the fllwing students.
21．Tm is interested in the activities f srting waste in his neighbrhd. He can get sme ideas frm ________.
22．Cindy has fund lts f ld clthes in her huse. She plans t make gd use f them. She can learn frm ________.
23．Peter likes traveling. He wants t travel green this summer hliday. He can get sme infrmatin frm ________.
【答案】21．D 22．A 23．C
【导语】本文是四位同学在学校公告栏分享了自己的绿色生活。
21．根据“Tm is interested in the activities f srting waste in his neighbrhd”可知，Tm对分类垃圾的活动感兴趣，D中提到了有关“分类垃圾”的内容，故选D。
22．根据“Cindy has fund lts f ld clthes in her huse. She plans t make gd use f them”可知，Cindy想好好利用自己的旧衣服，A中提到了“如何重复使用旧衣服”的方法，故选A。
23．根据“Peter likes traveling. He wants t travel green this summer hliday”可知，今年暑假他想去绿色旅游，C中提到了与“绿色旅游”有关的内容，故选C。
(二) 阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选择最佳选项。
B
Lve n the Phne Line
Mst f us want t knw what we mean t thse wh mean everything t us, but hw d we knw if we dn't tell each ther? I want t share an experience f mine t tell yu when yu really lve smene, tell them directly.
When I was grwing up, I never heard the wrds "I lve yu" frm my father. If yur father never says them t yu when yu are a child, it gets mre and mre difficult fr him t say thse wrds as yu get lder. In fact, I never said thse wrds t him, either.
A few years ag, I decided t make the first mve. After sme thught, I called my father n the phne and said: "Dad, 1 lve yu!" There was a mment f silence at the ther end f the line. "Well, same back at yu!" he replied quietly.
"Dad, I knw yu lve me. When yu're ready, yu'll say it, t," I said with a smile. Then I hang up the phne. But fifteen minutes later, my mther called and asked if everything was "OK", She seemed nervus. "Yur father seems t have smething t say after answering yur call". 1 didn't tell my mther abut the call. I just tld her it was a secret between us.
A few weeks later, Dad called and ended ur phne cnversatin with the wrds: "Sn, I lve yu," I was at wrk during this cnversatin and tears came t my eyes as I finally "heard" the lve. This special mment tk ur father-sn relatinship t a new level. Later, we gt used t saying "I lve yu" t each ther.
I think if I had nt taken the first step, I wuld have never heard the lve frm my father.
24．What did the writer d when he decided t shw lve t his father?
A．He spke ut his lve t his father n the phne.
B．He tld her mther abut his lve t his father.
C．He bught sme flwers t shw lve.
D．He made a lve card fr his father.
25．Hw did the writer's mther feel when she called him?
A．Happy.B．Exited.C．Nervus.D．Cnfident.
26．Accrding t the passage, the writer wants t tell us that it's necessary _________.
A．t speak ut ur lve B．t call ur parents
C．t g hme ften D．t keep lve secret
【答案】
24．A 25．C 26．A
【解析】
24．细节理解题。根据A few years ag, I decided t make the first mve. After sme thught, I called my father n the phne and said: "Dad, 1 lve yu!" 几年前，我决定迈出第一步。想了一会儿，我给爸爸打电话说:“爸爸，我爱你!” 可知，作者决定向他父亲表示爱的时候，他给父亲打了个电话，并在电话里对父亲说了：我爱你，故答案选A。
25．细节理解题。根据But fifteen minutes later, my mther called and asked if everything was "OK", She seemed nervus. 但是十五分钟后，妈妈打电话问我一切都好吗，她看起来很紧张。可知，作者的母亲给作者打电话的时候显得非常的紧张，故答案选C。
26．主旨大意题。根据I want t share an experience f mine t tell yu when yu really lve smene, tell them directly.我想分享我的一一段经历，告诉你当你真的爱一个人的时候，直接告诉他们。可知，作者想要通过自己的经历告诉我们，需要的时候大声说出我们内心的爱，故答案选A。
C
We take shwers and use the tilet every day t get rid f badly waste. Our brains als need t take a bath every day. Hw can they d it?
A 2013 study fund the answer. Researchers at the LS University f Rchester studied the brains f mice and discvered that they cleaned themselves while the mice slept. A kind f fluid in the brain, called cerebral spinal fluid (CSF, 脑脊液), was fund t increase dramatically (显著地) during sleep, washing away waste prteins that had been building up between brain cells in waking hurs.
"This study shws that the brain has different functinal stales when asleep and when awake," Maiken Nedergaard, the lead researcher, tld NBC News. It als explains why we can't seem t think clearly after a sleepless night while a gd night's sleep leaves us feeling sharp and refreshed.
Nw a new study, published n Oct 31 in Science, digs a little deeper int ur brains' self-cleaning prcedure. Instead f mice, this time humans were the test subjects.
Researchers at Bstn University, US, mnitred (监测) the brain waves f 13 healthy adults wh were sleeping, using accelerated MRI, which is capable f recrding faster changes inside the brain than a regular MRI machine. They fund that every 20 secnds, bld flwed ut f the brain, making rm fr a large amunt f CSF t cme in and "clean". This cycle cincided with(与……一致) the rhythm f the brain's slw waves-an electrical activity that happens when we're in deep sleep.
It's still unknwn hw these brain activities are cnnected. But the mere fact that they are cnnected is exciting enugh, since it allws researchers t piece tgether (拼凑出) pssible new explanatins fr misunderstd diseases.
Fr example, slw-wave sleep has been prven t play a rle in strengthening ur memries. This may explain why peple with Alzheimer's ften have fewer and weaker slw brainwaves. Based n this new study, there culd be ne mre explanatin fr diseased brains: They are nt clean.
Nedergaard, leader f the 2013 study, is als excited abut the new findings. "Maybe the mst imprtant take-hme message is that sleep is a serius thing," she tld Scientific American. "Yu really need t sleep t keep a healthy brain because it links electrical activity t a practical 'husekeeping' functin."
27．When the researchers studied the brains f mice, they fund __________.
A．CSF in their brains went dwn when the mice slept
B．CSF carried away waste prteins in their brain during sleep
C．mre waste prteins were prduced in their brains when asleep
D．the mre CSF was in their brains, the fewer waste prteins were
28．What did the researchers discver when they mnitred human brain waves?
A．The rhythm f the brain was slwer than that f CSF.
B．The brains wrked mre slwly when asleep.
C．Brains were cleaned when bld flwed ut.
D．It tk 20 secnds fr CSF t clean brains.
29．Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Cnnecting Brain ActivitiesB．Cleaning in Yur Dreams
C．Having a Gd SleepD．Explaining Diseases
【答案】
27．B 28．D 29．B
【解析】
27．细节理解题。根据A kind f fluid in the brain, called cerebral spinal fluid (CSF, 脑脊液), was fund t increase dramatically (显著地) during sleep, washing away waste prteins that had been building up between brain cells in waking hurs. 大脑中的一种液体，即脑脊液，在睡眠期间会急剧增加，它会冲走在清醒时脑细胞之间积累起来的废物蛋白质。因此当研究人员研究老鼠的大脑时，发现脑脊液在睡眠中带走大脑中的废蛋白质。故答案选B。
28．细节理解题。根据They fund that every 20 secnds, bld flwed ut f the brain, making rm fr a large amunt f CSF t cme in and "clean". This cycle cincided with(与……一致) the rhythm f the brain's slw waves-an electrical activity that happens when we're in deep sleep. 他们发现，每隔20秒，血液就从大脑中流出，为大量脑脊液进入大脑和“清洁”留出空间．这个周期正好与大脑慢波的节律（当我们进入深度睡眠时发生的一种电活动）相吻合。因此我们可知脑脊液用20秒清洗大脑，故答案选D。
29．标题归纳题。通读全文，结合文章最后一段Nedergaard, leader f the 2013 study, is als excited abut the new findings. "Maybe the mst imprtant take-hme message is that sleep is a serius thing," she tld Scientific American. "Yu really need t sleep t keep a healthy brain because it links electrical activity t a practical 'husekeeping' functin." 2013年研究的领导者Nedergaard也对这些新发现感到兴奋。她在接受《科学美国人》采访时表示:“也许最重要的是，睡眠是一件严肃的事情。”“你真的需要睡觉来保持一个健康的大脑，因为它将电子活动与实际的‘家务’功能联系起来。” 可知本文主要介绍了在睡眠中是大脑本身如何自动清洁其中的废料，从而让我们在清醒的时候感觉状态很好的。故答案选B。
D
Each cuntry has its wn secret t happiness. If "pyt", which means "dn't wrry abut it and stuff happens" , explains the relaxed attitude f Danish peple, "niksen" will reveal hw Dutch peple cmbat (对抗) stress and burnut in a fast-paced lifestyle.
The term "niksen" rigins frm the Dutch wrd "niks", which refers t "nthing". Mindfulness, anther welcme subject t help peple have a peaceful mind. But unlike mindfulness, niksen is nt abut cncentrating n the present mment. It's abut letting yurself d nthing, and allwing yur mind t run free withut expectatin. In practice, this means "hanging arund, lking at yur surrundings, r listening t music as lng as it's withut purpse," accrding t Time Magazine.
Niksen sunds cntrary (矛盾的) t the advice we were all given as kids. Nwadays, we're cnstantly tld t stay busy and wrk harder than everyne else. But niksen ppses (反对) that mentality. It ffers the chance t "deliciusly d nthing", as Carlien Hamming, a cach at CSR Centrum, an rganizatin devted t fighting stress and burnut in the Netherlands, tld Time. She thinks that niksen is essential (重要的) t staying healthy, since it's a frm f mental relaxatin and healing. Just as a wild animal lies in wait fr their prey，niksen seems t be a natural state f being.
Fr sme peple, niksen can mean mre than just stress reductin (减压). It's als a way t imagine new ideas r plans. As an early adpter f niksen, Jenny Hlden, a cmmunicatins expert in the UK, adds it t her daily lunch breaks. "Within 10 minutes f ding nthing--just staring and listening t myself-my head began t clear and srt ut my wrk and hme t-d lists," she tld the MetrUK.
Abve all, niksen is a suggestin fr balancing wrk and rest. As Dutch-brn writer Ogla Mecking wrte in US-based Whly Magazine, niksen is the "thrugh enjyment f life's pauses".
Everyne is encuraged t embrace yur niksen mments. They revitalize (使恢复元气) yu and give yu the strength needed t face everyday challenges.
30．What des niksen mean?
A．Living in the mment.B．Leading a healthy lifestyle
C．Using yur wildest imaginatin.D．Being free and ding nthing
31．The writer mentins Jenny Hlden in Paragraph 4 t shw _________.
A．hw niksen imprves ne's mental heath
B．niksen is clsely related t stress reductin
C．niksen can help peple cme up with new thught
D．niksen can ffer the chance t d smething mre imprtant
32．The wrd "thrugh" in Paragraph 5 prbably means "_________".
A．lngB．fullC．fastD．quiet
33．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．An intrductin t the Duteh lifestyle.
B．Suggestins n hw t balance wrk and rest.
C．The imprtance f allwing time t pause life.
D．An explanatin f sme Danish wrds abut life attitudes.
【答案】
30．D 31．C 32．B 33．A
【解析】
30．细节理解题。根据It's abut letting yurself d nthing, and allwing yur mind t run free withut expectatin. 它是让你自己什么都不做，让你的思想自由运行，没有期望。以及this means "hanging arund, lking at yur surrundings, r listening t music as lng as it's withut purpse," accrding t Time Magazine. 这意味着“四处闲逛，看看周围的环境，或者听听音乐，只要没有目的就好。”由此可知，niksen指的是自由而无所事事，结合选项，可知D选项Being free and ding nthing，符合题意，故答案选D。
31．细节理解题。根据第四段中的内容Fr sme peple, niksen can mean mre than just stress reductin. It's als a way t imagine new ideas r plans. As an early adpter f niksen, Jenny Hlden, a cmmunicatins expert in the UK, adds it t her daily lunch breaks. Within 10 minutes f ding nthing--just staring and listening t myself-my head began t clear and srt ut my wrk and hme t-d lists,"对一些人来说，niksen的意义不仅仅是意味着减压。它也是一种想象出新想法或计划的方式。英国沟通专家珍妮•霍尔顿(Jenny Hlden)是尼克森(niksen)的早期使用者，她把它加入了自己每天的午餐休息时间。“在无所事事的10分钟内——只是盯着自己，听自己说话——我的头脑开始变得清晰，开始整理我的工作和家庭待办事项。”由此可以推断，Hlden的例子是为了证明niksen有助于人们产生新的想法，故答案选C。
32．词义猜测题。根据As Dutch-brn writer Ogla Mecking wrte in US-based Whly Magazine, niksen is the "thrugh enjyment f life's pauses".正如荷兰出生的作家Ogla Mecking在美国Whly杂志上所写的，niksen是“____享受生活的停顿。” 根据前后文含义以及结合选项分析可知此处thrugh的意思是“完全的”，和full意思相同，故答案选B。
33．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中"niksen" will reveal hw Dutch peple cmbat stress and burnut in a fast-paced lifestyle. “niksen”将揭示荷兰人如何在快节奏的生活方式中对抗压力和倦怠。可知本文主要讲述了niksen这一荷兰式的特色生活态度，及其带给人们的益处。故答案选A。
第二部分
本部分共5题, 共20分。根据题目要求, 完成相应任务。
四、阅读表达 (第34-36题每题2分, 第37题4分, 共10分)
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
Object-based Learning
The standard schl field trip ften includes an uting t a museum, but a new resurce prvides guidance n hw t bring a museum int the classrm. As part f the Mbile Museum Prject, the Ryal Hllway, University f Lndn, and the Kew Ryal Btanic Gardens teamed up t help create schl museums. The prject, which can be used fr any age grup, turns the traditinal understanding f a museum n its head. The primary aim f bject-based learning shuld be t learn frm rather than abut bjects.
Asking questins such as, “What d yu want peple t learn and why?” and “Wh are yu hping t attract and why?”helps students make clear the purpse f the cllectin f their bjects. Cllecting the bjects fr the museum is a learning prcess in and f itself. Culturally significant bjects, such as an ld thing passed dwn thrugh a family r a thing frm a student’s hme cuntry, can help students build a sense f histrical understanding and empathy. Such a prcess can encurage students t think independently and critically, s this can make their mind quicker and sharper.
When the students are gathered, they can practise thematic gruping by srting the things int different categries(类别) befre rganizing the cllectin fr final display. Students might be asked t create an explanatry PPT t shw the relatinship amng the things. Fr example, a display descriptin might try t discver the evlutin( 演 变 ) f an bject: wheat seeds t wheat seedings, t flur, and t flur prducts. Designing and writing labels(标签)prvide the way t get strytelling int the learning prcess.
The museum prject is a brad framewrk that can be used t integrate( 融 合 ) different subjects. At the end f the prject, students must be sure t cllect advice, even criticism frm each ther. They can wrk tgether t explre what wrked and what didn’t wrk and what might be dne differently next time. This gives students an pprtunity t critically assess(评估)their wn wrk.
34．Where is the museum created in the prject?
___________________________________________________________
35．What d the students firstly need t d fr the museum?
___________________________________________________________
36．Hw can the students get stry-telling int the learning prcess?
___________________________________________________________
37．What d yu think f the bject-based learning? Why?(At least tw reasns)
___________________________________________________________
【答案】34．In the classrm. / At schl. 35．They need t cllect the bjects fr the museum. /
T cllect the bjects fr the museum. 36．They can design and write labels fr the bjects. /
By designing and writing labels fr the bjects. 37．I think it is gd. Because it can encurage students t think independently and critically, s this can make their mind quicker and sharper.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了基于对象的学习。
34．根据“As part f the Mbile Museum Prject, the Ryal Hllway, University f Lndn, and the Kew Ryal Btanic Gardens teamed up t help create schl museums.”可知，作为移动博物馆项目的一部分，皇家霍洛威、伦敦大学和英国皇家植物园合作创建了学校博物馆。所以在项目中博物馆创建在课堂中或者学校。故填In the classrm. / At schl.
35．根据“Cllecting the bjects fr the museum is a learning prcess in and f itself.”可知，学生为博物馆首先要做的是收集文物。故填They need t cllect the bjects fr the museum. /T cllect the bjects fr the museum.
36．根据“Designing and writing labels(标签)prvide the way t get strytelling int the learning prcess.”可知，设计和编写标签提供了将讲故事融入学习过程的方法。故填They can design and write labels fr the bjects. /By designing and writing labels fr the bjects.
37．开放性问题，结合文章实际，言之有理即可。故填I think it is gd. Because it can encurage students t think independently and critically, s this can make their mind quicker and sharper.
五、文段表达 (10分)
38. 从下面两个题目中任选一题, 根据所给提示, 完成一篇不少于50 词的英语文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。
题目①
假如你是李华。你们班本周要举办“好书伴我成长”的分享活动，请你邀请你们班的交换生 Peter参加。告诉他活动的时间、地点，本次活动的意义以及需要 Peter 为此活动做的准备。
提示词语：share, encurage, PPT
提示问题：When and where will the activity be held?
Why d yu hld this activity?
What d yu advise Peter t d t prepare fr it?
Dear Peter,
I’m writing the e-mail t invite yu t take part in ur bk sharing activity.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Lking frward t yur reply.
Yurs,
Li Hua
39．例文：
Dear Peter,
I’m writing the e-mail t invite yu t take part in ur bk sharing activity. The reading f all gd bks is like a cnversatin with the finest men f past centuries. Wuld it be pssible fr yu t jin ur activity? If yu can cme, here is sme infrmatin.
It will be held at 7:30 this Saturday evening in the students’ center in ur schl. We will have many activities. At the beginning, each student will intrduce a bk and then we may have a discussin. We can share ur ideas abut it. The mst interesting part is that sme members will give us a rle-play perfrmance.
When yu cme, we expect yu t talk abut yur favrite bk and yu can als prepare a presentatin if yu like. It will be a wnderful night, interesting and meaningful.
We hpe this campaign will encurage mre peple t read.
Lking frward t yur reply.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
1.题干解读：本文要按照书信的格式写作，要求包含活动的时间、地点，本次活动的意义以及需要对方为此活动做的准备。要求的内容较多，需要学生合理安排文章结构，注意内容的衔接，在此基础上可多用一些较高级的词汇和表达。
2.例文点评：例文开门见山用一句名言说明为什么要举办这个活动：所有的好书，读起来就如同和过去世界上最杰出的人谈话。之后自然引出活动的时间和地点以及内容；第三段讲述需要对方准备的东西。所有内容全部包含且结构合理，较高级的表达较多。
3.高分亮点：
短语：at the beginning；expect t d sth.；encurage sb. t d sth.；a rle-play perfrmance。
句型：The reading f all gd bks is like a cnversatin with the finest men f past centuries； when 引导时间状语从句；if引导条件状语从句；we hpe+宾语从句；表语从句。
【点睛】
写作文时，要认真审题，一定要把题干中所要求的内容都包含进去，如本题需要写的内容较多，考生们可以先把提纲列出来，哪一个部分需要写什么内容先想清楚，再思考该用什么样的连接词或句子。一般先介绍时间地点，之后介绍内容，最后是感悟，最好可以分段写，这样条理更加清晰。
题目②
自主学习是一种学习模式，是学习者自我管理的一种能力，也是青少年面向世界，适应未来的需要。
某英文网站正在开展以“自主学习(self-directed learning)”，为主题的征文活动。假/如你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿，谈谈在过去的两个月期间你是如何自主学习的，以及这样做给你带来的好处。
提示词语： learning resurces, gal, manage time, tls, apps, plan, imprve
提示问题： • What did yu d fr yur self-directed learning?
• What benefits have yu gt frm ding s?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
40．例文
Self-directed learning is a kind f learning mde and a kind f ability fr learners t manage themselves .It is als a way fr teenagers t face the wrld and future.
In the past, we planned my study by shwing language gal. I managed time s that I can make full use f it. I dwnladed sme useful apps in rder t get mre learning resurces. The learning tls can help me imprve my study.
I get many benefits frm self- directed learning. I have imprved my learning ability a lt. I becme mre cnfident. Besides, I becme mre interested in learning.
【解析】
1.题干解读：本文要求以“自主学习(self-directed learning)”为主题，用英语写一篇短文。首先认真审题，看清题目中的要求和要点；再根据提示内容，列出写作要点及每个要点中可能要用到的表达；然后紧扣要点，动笔写作，在写作过程中，要注意句与句、段与段之间的过渡平稳、自然流畅。
2.例文点评：本文时态主要为一般过去时，人称主要为第一人称。文章紧扣题目要点，内容完整，表述准确，语言的表述符合语法的结构，造句符合英语的表达习惯。
3.高分亮点：
短语：a kind f ability，in the past，in rder t，besides， be interested in
句型：s that引导目的状语从句：I managed time s that I can make full use f it.
AIn my free time, I use ld clthes that ur family dn’t wear anymre t make ther useful things. It’s meaningful and envirnment-friendly. I usually use ld jeans t make handbags with different designs. They lk very cute. When I g shpping, I ften take them instead f the plastic nes. I’d like t share different ways t use ld clthes and bring them back t fashin again.
BIn ur daily life, there are sme gd ways t save water. We can begin with small things. While I brush my teeth, I usually turn ff the tap t use less water. Taking shrt shwers als helps t save water. In my family, we watch less TV and use lw energy light bulbs. I usually shut ff all the lights befre I leave hme. I think it’s the best way t save electricity at hme.
CNwadays, everyne is encuraged t take a bus r the subway t travel arund the city. I usually g t schl by bike. I can take sme exercise and breathe the fresh air n the way t schl. I seldm let my parents drive me t schl. If I travel n a hliday, I’ll chse the green travel prperly. In this way, I can help t imprve the envirnment and the traffic cnditin.
DIt’s very imprtant t srt and put the waste int different bins. In my daily life, I d a lt fr waste srting. I learn hw t srt the waste nline. Then, I srt the waste by preparing sme bins in different clrs at hme. Whenever I see litter r ther things n the grund, I pick them up and thrw them int the right bins. I als cllect used batteries and put them int the bin that cntains harmful things.
1、锻炼学生的心态。能够帮助同学们树立良好的心态，增加自己的自信心。
2、锻炼学生管理时间。通过模拟考试就会让同学们学会分配时间，学会取舍。
3、熟悉题型和考场。模拟考试是很接近中考的，让同学们提前感受到考场的气氛和布局。
中考的取胜除了平时必要的学习外，还要有一定的答题技巧和良好心态。此外，通过模拟考试还能增强学生们面对高考的信心，希望考生们能够重视模拟考试。
【赢在中考·黄金8卷】备战2024年中考英语模拟卷（北京专用）
黄金卷02
（考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：60分）
第一部分
本部分共33题, 共40分。在每题列出的四个选项中, 选出最符合题目要求的一项。
一、单项填空 (每题0. 5分, 共6分)
从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项
1．My mther is a teacher. She lves students very much.
A．her B．his C．my D．yur
2．—Where is Tm?
—He is playing ftball ___________ the playgrund.
A．f B．t C．n D．frm
3．— __________ bks d yu read every year?
— Abut 30, I lve reading.
A．Hw much B．Hw ld C．Hw many D．Hw ften
4．Paul wrks very hard and he is ne f students in his class.
A．gd B．better C．best D．the best
5．— Wh ________the classrm tmrrw, Tny?
— Our grup.
A．will clean B．cleans C．cleaned D．clean
6．－What are yu ding nw, Kate?
－I _________ an email t my friend.
A．write B．wrte C．have written D．am writing
7．My mther when I gt hme yesterday.
A．will ck B．cks C．has cked D．was cking
8．Miss Smith in ur schl since five years ag.
A．teaches B．taught C．has taught D．is teaching
9．They the English rle play fr the shw last night.
A．will practice B．practiced C．is practicing D．have practiced
10．Get up early, Jhn. yu will be late fr the class.
A．AndB．ButC．SD．Or
11．Many tall buildings in Fangshan last year.
A．are built B．were built C．built D．build
12．— Culd yu please tell me yesterday?
— In the bkshp nearby.
A．Where yu bught the bkB．Where yu buy the bk
C．Where did yu buy the bkD．Where d yu buy the bk
答案：1-5 ACCDA 6-10 DDCBD 11-12 BA
答案解析：
1．【答案】A
【解析】句意：我妈妈是一名老师，她非常爱她的学生们。考查物主代词。A. her她的；B. his他的；C. my我的；D. yur你的，你们的。因空后有名词，故这里要用形容词性物主代词来修饰这个名词，且数需和主语She 保持一致，故答案选A。
2．【答案】C
【解析】句意：——Tm在哪里？——他正在操场上踢足球。考查介词辨析。A. f…的；B. t到；C. n在…之上；D. frm来自、从。由题干可知考查固定词组n the playgrund表示在操场上，故答案选C。
3．【答案】C
【解析】句意：——你每年读几本书？——大约30本，我喜欢读书。考查疑问副词。Hw much对不可数名词提问；Hw ld对年龄提问；Hw many对可数名词提问；Hw ften对频率提问。根据语境，是问每年读几本书，书为可数名词，故答案选C。
4．【答案】D
【解析】句意：保罗学习很努力，他是班上最好的学生之一。考查形容词的最高级的用法。"ne f +the+形容词最高级+复数名词" 固定搭配，表示“最…之一”，形容词最高级前面要用定冠词the修饰，故答案选D。
5．【答案】A
【解析】句意：-- Tny，明天谁将打扫教室？--我们组。根据时间状语tmrrw可知，句子应该用一般将来时，一般将来时是谓语动词的形式：will+动词原形。故选A。
6．【答案】D
【解析】句意：——凯特，你现在在干什么？——我正在给我的朋友写一封电子邮件。
考查时态。write一般现在时；wrte一般过去时；have written现在完成时；am writing现在进行时；根据上文“What are yu ding nw, Kate?”—— 问说话时正在发生的动作，用现在进行时；故选D。
7．【答案】D
【解析】句意：当我昨天回到家的时候，我的妈妈正在做饭。考查的是过去进行时。根据 when引导的一般过去时的时间状语从句推断主句描述的是过去某个时间正在发生的动作，故用过去进行时态，过去进行时的构成是：主语+was/were+动词的现在分词，主语是第三人称单数所以be动词用was，ck的现在分词是cking；故答案选D。
8．【答案】C
【解析】句意：Smith小姐从5年前就已经在我们学校教书了。考查现在完成时。since five years ag自从五年前以来，意为自从五年前以来他就教我们英语，表示状态的持续，用于现在完成时；现在完成时的构成：主语+have/has+动词过去分词；主语是Miss Smith，所以助动词用has，teach教，实义动词，过去分词是taught，故答案选C。
9．【答案】B
【解析】句意：昨天晚上为了演出他们练习了英语角色扮演。考查一般过去时。根据提示词last night可知时态用一般过去时，“练习”practice，其过去式为practiced，故答案选B。
10．【答案】D
【解析】句意：快点起床，Jhn，否则你就上课迟到了。考查连词。A. And和；B. But但是；C. S因此；D. Or或者、否则。根据句意：快点起床，Jhn，否则你就上课迟到了，可知D选项符合题意，故答案选D。
点睛：A. And和，表示并列；B. But但是，表示转折；C. S因此，表示结果；D. Or或者、否则，表示选择。根据题干可知本题还考查句式：祈使句+r+简单句，r表示转折。根据句意：快点起床，Jhn，否则你就上课迟到了，可知D选项符合题意，故答案选D。
11．【答案】B
【解析】句意：去年房山建了许多高楼。考查一般过去时的被动语态。由标志词last year可知时态应用一般过去时态，而且"楼"是被建立起来的，所以应用被动语态；一般过去时的被动语态为：was/were+动词过去分词；主语buildings是复数，be动词用were，build“建立”的过去分词是built，故答案选B。
12．【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你能告诉我你昨天在哪里买的书吗？——在附近的书店。考查宾语从句。根据Culd yu please tell me可知本题考查宾语从句，宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序，所以排除C、D选项；又因为提示词yesterday可知时态用一般过去时，而B选项用的是一般现在时，所以排除；故答案选A。
二、完形填空 (每题1分, 共8分)
阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。
Frm the time I was a child grwing up in New Jersey, I lved spending weekends with my grandparents. I felt 13 in Granny’s small kitchen. We always had peaceful cnversatins, and Granny always seemed t include sme wisdm with every dish she prepared.
I remember ne Saturday mrning. I was abut 11 years ld. After breakfast I asked Granny, “What kind f 14 are yu making tday?” “Vegetable beef,” she answered. “And yu can help by cutting sme carrts.” I slwly cut the carrts, I said, “I’ve gt t give a reprt next week and I’m scared （害怕的）. I dn’t like standing in frnt f everybdy. What if I frget what I’m ging t say? Or what if smebdy laughs?” “And what if yu d just fine?” Granny asked. “Have yu 15 ntes?” “Well, n. That wuld be a lt f wrk.” “Hard wrk never hurts anyne,” Granny said. “Yu culd try practicing in frnt f a 16 . It’s easy t find hw well yu are practicing.”
I pushed the pieces f carrts t the side f the cutting bard and went n t cmplain abut schlwrk, friends and family. Granny tk it all in, listening 17 while I talked abut s many pieces f grief （伤心事） in my life.
“Tracy,” she said, “there’s nthing wrng with a little truble in yur life. Well, yu knw, a lt f peple dn’t make hmemade sup these days. They say it’s t much truble. But I dn’t mind such a little 18 . It adds flavr （滋味） t my sup — and t my life. My sup wuld be pretty bland （平淡） 19 the vegetables, and s wuld my life if it didn’t have the little ups and dwns.” She smiled and then started washing the dishes.
While I helped Granny clean up, I thught abut what she had said. Maybe I culd 20 a little truble int smething as special as Granny’s hmemade sup. I wuld have t wrk n them. Granny had said hard wrk paid ff.
13．A．unhappyB．excitedC．relaxedD．lucky
14．A．supB．breadC．dinnerD．flavr
15．A．reviewedB．preparedC．readD．fund
16．A．mirrrB．wallC．persnD．dr
17．A．quietlyB．carelesslyC．patientlyD．hpefully
18．A．supB．dishC．wrkD．truble
19．A．withB．withutC．ut f D．away frm
20．A．develpB．makeC．grwD．turn
13．C 14．A 15．B 16．A 17．C 18．D 19．B 20．D
【解析】
13．句意：我在奶奶家的小厨房里感到放松。
A. unhappy不高兴，B. excited兴奋的，C. relaxed放松的，D. lucky幸运的。根据后文的“We always had peaceful cnversatins,”可知，我们总是进行平静的交谈，因此感到放松。故选C。
14．句意：今天你正在做什么汤？
A. sup汤，B. bread面包，C. dinner晚餐，D. flavr滋味。根据后文的“a lt f peple dn’t make hmemade sup these days.”可知，此处指的是在做汤，故选A。
15．句意：你准备笔记了吗？
A. reviewed复习，B. prepared准备，C. read阅读，D. fund找到。根据前文的“I’ve gt t give a reprt next week”可知，他下周要作报告，因此表示做准备，故选B。
16．句意：你可以在镜子前试着练习。
A. mirrr 镜子，B. wall墙，C. persn 人，D. dr门。结合语境，要练习作报告，可以试着在镜子前练习。故选A。
17．句意：奶奶把这一切都看在眼里，耐心地听我诉说着我生活中的许多伤心事。
A. quietly安静地，B. carelessly粗心地，C. patiently有耐心地，D. hpefully有希望地。根据“while I talked abut s many pieces f grief （伤心事） in my life.”可知，我谈论许多伤心事，因此奶奶应是耐心地听。故选C。
18．句意：但是我不介意这么小的麻烦。
A. sup汤，B. dish菜，C. wrk工作，D. truble麻烦。根据前文的“They say it’s t much truble.”可知，此处指的是麻烦。故选D。
19．句意：如果没有蔬菜，我的汤会很平淡，如果生活中没有小的起伏，我的生活也会如此。
A. with和……一起，B. withut没有，C. ut f由于，D. away frm远离。根据后半句的“s wuld my life if it didn’t have the little ups and dwns.”可知，此处表示没有蔬菜，她的汤会很平淡，故选B。
20．句意：也许我可以把小麻烦变成像奶奶家做的汤一样特别的东西。
A. develp发展，B. make使，C. grw生长， D. turn转动。根据前文的“My sup wuld be pretty bland （平淡）_____7_____ the vegetables, and s wuld my life if it didn’t have the little ups and dwns.”可知，汤里加蔬菜，这样很麻烦，但是汤却有滋味。因此要把麻烦变成像有滋味的汤一样的东西。turn…int…“把……变成……”。故选D。
三、阅读理解 (每题2分, 共26分)
(一) 阅读下列课程介绍, 请根据人物喜好和需求匹配最适合的课程, 并将课程所对应的A、B、C、D选项填在相应位置上。选项中有一项为多余选项。
Ging Green
Fur students are sharing their experience abut living a greener life n the schl bard. Their schlmates can read the passages and get sme advice fr their wn lives.
Please chse the prper passage fr each f the fllwing students.
21．Tm is interested in the activities f srting waste in his neighbrhd. He can get sme ideas frm ________.
22．Cindy has fund lts f ld clthes in her huse. She plans t make gd use f them. She can learn frm ________.
23．Peter likes traveling. He wants t travel green this summer hliday. He can get sme infrmatin frm ________.
【答案】21．D 22．A 23．C
【导语】本文是四位同学在学校公告栏分享了自己的绿色生活。
21．根据“Tm is interested in the activities f srting waste in his neighbrhd”可知，Tm对分类垃圾的活动感兴趣，D中提到了有关“分类垃圾”的内容，故选D。
22．根据“Cindy has fund lts f ld clthes in her huse. She plans t make gd use f them”可知，Cindy想好好利用自己的旧衣服，A中提到了“如何重复使用旧衣服”的方法，故选A。
23．根据“Peter likes traveling. He wants t travel green this summer hliday”可知，今年暑假他想去绿色旅游，C中提到了与“绿色旅游”有关的内容，故选C。
(二) 阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选择最佳选项。
B
Lve n the Phne Line
Mst f us want t knw what we mean t thse wh mean everything t us, but hw d we knw if we dn't tell each ther? I want t share an experience f mine t tell yu when yu really lve smene, tell them directly.
When I was grwing up, I never heard the wrds "I lve yu" frm my father. If yur father never says them t yu when yu are a child, it gets mre and mre difficult fr him t say thse wrds as yu get lder. In fact, I never said thse wrds t him, either.
A few years ag, I decided t make the first mve. After sme thught, I called my father n the phne and said: "Dad, 1 lve yu!" There was a mment f silence at the ther end f the line. "Well, same back at yu!" he replied quietly.
"Dad, I knw yu lve me. When yu're ready, yu'll say it, t," I said with a smile. Then I hang up the phne. But fifteen minutes later, my mther called and asked if everything was "OK", She seemed nervus. "Yur father seems t have smething t say after answering yur call". 1 didn't tell my mther abut the call. I just tld her it was a secret between us.
A few weeks later, Dad called and ended ur phne cnversatin with the wrds: "Sn, I lve yu," I was at wrk during this cnversatin and tears came t my eyes as I finally "heard" the lve. This special mment tk ur father-sn relatinship t a new level. Later, we gt used t saying "I lve yu" t each ther.
I think if I had nt taken the first step, I wuld have never heard the lve frm my father.
24．What did the writer d when he decided t shw lve t his father?
A．He spke ut his lve t his father n the phne.
B．He tld her mther abut his lve t his father.
C．He bught sme flwers t shw lve.
D．He made a lve card fr his father.
25．Hw did the writer's mther feel when she called him?
A．Happy.B．Exited.C．Nervus.D．Cnfident.
26．Accrding t the passage, the writer wants t tell us that it's necessary _________.
A．t speak ut ur lve B．t call ur parents
C．t g hme ften D．t keep lve secret
【答案】
24．A 25．C 26．A
【解析】
24．细节理解题。根据A few years ag, I decided t make the first mve. After sme thught, I called my father n the phne and said: "Dad, 1 lve yu!" 几年前，我决定迈出第一步。想了一会儿，我给爸爸打电话说:“爸爸，我爱你!” 可知，作者决定向他父亲表示爱的时候，他给父亲打了个电话，并在电话里对父亲说了：我爱你，故答案选A。
25．细节理解题。根据But fifteen minutes later, my mther called and asked if everything was "OK", She seemed nervus. 但是十五分钟后，妈妈打电话问我一切都好吗，她看起来很紧张。可知，作者的母亲给作者打电话的时候显得非常的紧张，故答案选C。
26．主旨大意题。根据I want t share an experience f mine t tell yu when yu really lve smene, tell them directly.我想分享我的一一段经历，告诉你当你真的爱一个人的时候，直接告诉他们。可知，作者想要通过自己的经历告诉我们，需要的时候大声说出我们内心的爱，故答案选A。
C
We take shwers and use the tilet every day t get rid f badly waste. Our brains als need t take a bath every day. Hw can they d it?
A 2013 study fund the answer. Researchers at the LS University f Rchester studied the brains f mice and discvered that they cleaned themselves while the mice slept. A kind f fluid in the brain, called cerebral spinal fluid (CSF, 脑脊液), was fund t increase dramatically (显著地) during sleep, washing away waste prteins that had been building up between brain cells in waking hurs.
"This study shws that the brain has different functinal stales when asleep and when awake," Maiken Nedergaard, the lead researcher, tld NBC News. It als explains why we can't seem t think clearly after a sleepless night while a gd night's sleep leaves us feeling sharp and refreshed.
Nw a new study, published n Oct 31 in Science, digs a little deeper int ur brains' self-cleaning prcedure. Instead f mice, this time humans were the test subjects.
Researchers at Bstn University, US, mnitred (监测) the brain waves f 13 healthy adults wh were sleeping, using accelerated MRI, which is capable f recrding faster changes inside the brain than a regular MRI machine. They fund that every 20 secnds, bld flwed ut f the brain, making rm fr a large amunt f CSF t cme in and "clean". This cycle cincided with(与……一致) the rhythm f the brain's slw waves-an electrical activity that happens when we're in deep sleep.
It's still unknwn hw these brain activities are cnnected. But the mere fact that they are cnnected is exciting enugh, since it allws researchers t piece tgether (拼凑出) pssible new explanatins fr misunderstd diseases.
Fr example, slw-wave sleep has been prven t play a rle in strengthening ur memries. This may explain why peple with Alzheimer's ften have fewer and weaker slw brainwaves. Based n this new study, there culd be ne mre explanatin fr diseased brains: They are nt clean.
Nedergaard, leader f the 2013 study, is als excited abut the new findings. "Maybe the mst imprtant take-hme message is that sleep is a serius thing," she tld Scientific American. "Yu really need t sleep t keep a healthy brain because it links electrical activity t a practical 'husekeeping' functin."
27．When the researchers studied the brains f mice, they fund __________.
A．CSF in their brains went dwn when the mice slept
B．CSF carried away waste prteins in their brain during sleep
C．mre waste prteins were prduced in their brains when asleep
D．the mre CSF was in their brains, the fewer waste prteins were
28．What did the researchers discver when they mnitred human brain waves?
A．The rhythm f the brain was slwer than that f CSF.
B．The brains wrked mre slwly when asleep.
C．Brains were cleaned when bld flwed ut.
D．It tk 20 secnds fr CSF t clean brains.
29．Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Cnnecting Brain ActivitiesB．Cleaning in Yur Dreams
C．Having a Gd SleepD．Explaining Diseases
【答案】
27．B 28．D 29．B
【解析】
27．细节理解题。根据A kind f fluid in the brain, called cerebral spinal fluid (CSF, 脑脊液), was fund t increase dramatically (显著地) during sleep, washing away waste prteins that had been building up between brain cells in waking hurs. 大脑中的一种液体，即脑脊液，在睡眠期间会急剧增加，它会冲走在清醒时脑细胞之间积累起来的废物蛋白质。因此当研究人员研究老鼠的大脑时，发现脑脊液在睡眠中带走大脑中的废蛋白质。故答案选B。
28．细节理解题。根据They fund that every 20 secnds, bld flwed ut f the brain, making rm fr a large amunt f CSF t cme in and "clean". This cycle cincided with(与……一致) the rhythm f the brain's slw waves-an electrical activity that happens when we're in deep sleep. 他们发现，每隔20秒，血液就从大脑中流出，为大量脑脊液进入大脑和“清洁”留出空间．这个周期正好与大脑慢波的节律（当我们进入深度睡眠时发生的一种电活动）相吻合。因此我们可知脑脊液用20秒清洗大脑，故答案选D。
29．标题归纳题。通读全文，结合文章最后一段Nedergaard, leader f the 2013 study, is als excited abut the new findings. "Maybe the mst imprtant take-hme message is that sleep is a serius thing," she tld Scientific American. "Yu really need t sleep t keep a healthy brain because it links electrical activity t a practical 'husekeeping' functin." 2013年研究的领导者Nedergaard也对这些新发现感到兴奋。她在接受《科学美国人》采访时表示:“也许最重要的是，睡眠是一件严肃的事情。”“你真的需要睡觉来保持一个健康的大脑，因为它将电子活动与实际的‘家务’功能联系起来。” 可知本文主要介绍了在睡眠中是大脑本身如何自动清洁其中的废料，从而让我们在清醒的时候感觉状态很好的。故答案选B。
D
Each cuntry has its wn secret t happiness. If "pyt", which means "dn't wrry abut it and stuff happens" , explains the relaxed attitude f Danish peple, "niksen" will reveal hw Dutch peple cmbat (对抗) stress and burnut in a fast-paced lifestyle.
The term "niksen" rigins frm the Dutch wrd "niks", which refers t "nthing". Mindfulness, anther welcme subject t help peple have a peaceful mind. But unlike mindfulness, niksen is nt abut cncentrating n the present mment. It's abut letting yurself d nthing, and allwing yur mind t run free withut expectatin. In practice, this means "hanging arund, lking at yur surrundings, r listening t music as lng as it's withut purpse," accrding t Time Magazine.
Niksen sunds cntrary (矛盾的) t the advice we were all given as kids. Nwadays, we're cnstantly tld t stay busy and wrk harder than everyne else. But niksen ppses (反对) that mentality. It ffers the chance t "deliciusly d nthing", as Carlien Hamming, a cach at CSR Centrum, an rganizatin devted t fighting stress and burnut in the Netherlands, tld Time. She thinks that niksen is essential (重要的) t staying healthy, since it's a frm f mental relaxatin and healing. Just as a wild animal lies in wait fr their prey，niksen seems t be a natural state f being.
Fr sme peple, niksen can mean mre than just stress reductin (减压). It's als a way t imagine new ideas r plans. As an early adpter f niksen, Jenny Hlden, a cmmunicatins expert in the UK, adds it t her daily lunch breaks. "Within 10 minutes f ding nthing--just staring and listening t myself-my head began t clear and srt ut my wrk and hme t-d lists," she tld the MetrUK.
Abve all, niksen is a suggestin fr balancing wrk and rest. As Dutch-brn writer Ogla Mecking wrte in US-based Whly Magazine, niksen is the "thrugh enjyment f life's pauses".
Everyne is encuraged t embrace yur niksen mments. They revitalize (使恢复元气) yu and give yu the strength needed t face everyday challenges.
30．What des niksen mean?
A．Living in the mment.B．Leading a healthy lifestyle
C．Using yur wildest imaginatin.D．Being free and ding nthing
31．The writer mentins Jenny Hlden in Paragraph 4 t shw _________.
A．hw niksen imprves ne's mental heath
B．niksen is clsely related t stress reductin
C．niksen can help peple cme up with new thught
D．niksen can ffer the chance t d smething mre imprtant
32．The wrd "thrugh" in Paragraph 5 prbably means "_________".
A．lngB．fullC．fastD．quiet
33．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．An intrductin t the Duteh lifestyle.
B．Suggestins n hw t balance wrk and rest.
C．The imprtance f allwing time t pause life.
D．An explanatin f sme Danish wrds abut life attitudes.
【答案】
30．D 31．C 32．B 33．A
【解析】
30．细节理解题。根据It's abut letting yurself d nthing, and allwing yur mind t run free withut expectatin. 它是让你自己什么都不做，让你的思想自由运行，没有期望。以及this means "hanging arund, lking at yur surrundings, r listening t music as lng as it's withut purpse," accrding t Time Magazine. 这意味着“四处闲逛，看看周围的环境，或者听听音乐，只要没有目的就好。”由此可知，niksen指的是自由而无所事事，结合选项，可知D选项Being free and ding nthing，符合题意，故答案选D。
31．细节理解题。根据第四段中的内容Fr sme peple, niksen can mean mre than just stress reductin. It's als a way t imagine new ideas r plans. As an early adpter f niksen, Jenny Hlden, a cmmunicatins expert in the UK, adds it t her daily lunch breaks. Within 10 minutes f ding nthing--just staring and listening t myself-my head began t clear and srt ut my wrk and hme t-d lists,"对一些人来说，niksen的意义不仅仅是意味着减压。它也是一种想象出新想法或计划的方式。英国沟通专家珍妮•霍尔顿(Jenny Hlden)是尼克森(niksen)的早期使用者，她把它加入了自己每天的午餐休息时间。“在无所事事的10分钟内——只是盯着自己，听自己说话——我的头脑开始变得清晰，开始整理我的工作和家庭待办事项。”由此可以推断，Hlden的例子是为了证明niksen有助于人们产生新的想法，故答案选C。
32．词义猜测题。根据As Dutch-brn writer Ogla Mecking wrte in US-based Whly Magazine, niksen is the "thrugh enjyment f life's pauses".正如荷兰出生的作家Ogla Mecking在美国Whly杂志上所写的，niksen是“____享受生活的停顿。” 根据前后文含义以及结合选项分析可知此处thrugh的意思是“完全的”，和full意思相同，故答案选B。
33．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中"niksen" will reveal hw Dutch peple cmbat stress and burnut in a fast-paced lifestyle. “niksen”将揭示荷兰人如何在快节奏的生活方式中对抗压力和倦怠。可知本文主要讲述了niksen这一荷兰式的特色生活态度，及其带给人们的益处。故答案选A。
第二部分
本部分共5题, 共20分。根据题目要求, 完成相应任务。
四、阅读表达 (第34-36题每题2分, 第37题4分, 共10分)
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
Object-based Learning
The standard schl field trip ften includes an uting t a museum, but a new resurce prvides guidance n hw t bring a museum int the classrm. As part f the Mbile Museum Prject, the Ryal Hllway, University f Lndn, and the Kew Ryal Btanic Gardens teamed up t help create schl museums. The prject, which can be used fr any age grup, turns the traditinal understanding f a museum n its head. The primary aim f bject-based learning shuld be t learn frm rather than abut bjects.
Asking questins such as, “What d yu want peple t learn and why?” and “Wh are yu hping t attract and why?”helps students make clear the purpse f the cllectin f their bjects. Cllecting the bjects fr the museum is a learning prcess in and f itself. Culturally significant bjects, such as an ld thing passed dwn thrugh a family r a thing frm a student’s hme cuntry, can help students build a sense f histrical understanding and empathy. Such a prcess can encurage students t think independently and critically, s this can make their mind quicker and sharper.
When the students are gathered, they can practise thematic gruping by srting the things int different categries(类别) befre rganizing the cllectin fr final display. Students might be asked t create an explanatry PPT t shw the relatinship amng the things. Fr example, a display descriptin might try t discver the evlutin( 演 变 ) f an bject: wheat seeds t wheat seedings, t flur, and t flur prducts. Designing and writing labels(标签)prvide the way t get strytelling int the learning prcess.
The museum prject is a brad framewrk that can be used t integrate( 融 合 ) different subjects. At the end f the prject, students must be sure t cllect advice, even criticism frm each ther. They can wrk tgether t explre what wrked and what didn’t wrk and what might be dne differently next time. This gives students an pprtunity t critically assess(评估)their wn wrk.
34．Where is the museum created in the prject?
___________________________________________________________
35．What d the students firstly need t d fr the museum?
___________________________________________________________
36．Hw can the students get stry-telling int the learning prcess?
___________________________________________________________
37．What d yu think f the bject-based learning? Why?(At least tw reasns)
___________________________________________________________
【答案】34．In the classrm. / At schl. 35．They need t cllect the bjects fr the museum. /
T cllect the bjects fr the museum. 36．They can design and write labels fr the bjects. /
By designing and writing labels fr the bjects. 37．I think it is gd. Because it can encurage students t think independently and critically, s this can make their mind quicker and sharper.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了基于对象的学习。
34．根据“As part f the Mbile Museum Prject, the Ryal Hllway, University f Lndn, and the Kew Ryal Btanic Gardens teamed up t help create schl museums.”可知，作为移动博物馆项目的一部分，皇家霍洛威、伦敦大学和英国皇家植物园合作创建了学校博物馆。所以在项目中博物馆创建在课堂中或者学校。故填In the classrm. / At schl.
35．根据“Cllecting the bjects fr the museum is a learning prcess in and f itself.”可知，学生为博物馆首先要做的是收集文物。故填They need t cllect the bjects fr the museum. /T cllect the bjects fr the museum.
36．根据“Designing and writing labels(标签)prvide the way t get strytelling int the learning prcess.”可知，设计和编写标签提供了将讲故事融入学习过程的方法。故填They can design and write labels fr the bjects. /By designing and writing labels fr the bjects.
37．开放性问题，结合文章实际，言之有理即可。故填I think it is gd. Because it can encurage students t think independently and critically, s this can make their mind quicker and sharper.
五、文段表达 (10分)
38. 从下面两个题目中任选一题, 根据所给提示, 完成一篇不少于50 词的英语文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。
题目①
假如你是李华。你们班本周要举办“好书伴我成长”的分享活动，请你邀请你们班的交换生 Peter参加。告诉他活动的时间、地点，本次活动的意义以及需要 Peter 为此活动做的准备。
提示词语：share, encurage, PPT
提示问题：When and where will the activity be held?
Why d yu hld this activity?
What d yu advise Peter t d t prepare fr it?
Dear Peter,
I’m writing the e-mail t invite yu t take part in ur bk sharing activity.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Lking frward t yur reply.
Yurs,
Li Hua
39．例文：
Dear Peter,
I’m writing the e-mail t invite yu t take part in ur bk sharing activity. The reading f all gd bks is like a cnversatin with the finest men f past centuries. Wuld it be pssible fr yu t jin ur activity? If yu can cme, here is sme infrmatin.
It will be held at 7:30 this Saturday evening in the students’ center in ur schl. We will have many activities. At the beginning, each student will intrduce a bk and then we may have a discussin. We can share ur ideas abut it. The mst interesting part is that sme members will give us a rle-play perfrmance.
When yu cme, we expect yu t talk abut yur favrite bk and yu can als prepare a presentatin if yu like. It will be a wnderful night, interesting and meaningful.
We hpe this campaign will encurage mre peple t read.
Lking frward t yur reply.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
1.题干解读：本文要按照书信的格式写作，要求包含活动的时间、地点，本次活动的意义以及需要对方为此活动做的准备。要求的内容较多，需要学生合理安排文章结构，注意内容的衔接，在此基础上可多用一些较高级的词汇和表达。
2.例文点评：例文开门见山用一句名言说明为什么要举办这个活动：所有的好书，读起来就如同和过去世界上最杰出的人谈话。之后自然引出活动的时间和地点以及内容；第三段讲述需要对方准备的东西。所有内容全部包含且结构合理，较高级的表达较多。
3.高分亮点：
短语：at the beginning；expect t d sth.；encurage sb. t d sth.；a rle-play perfrmance。
句型：The reading f all gd bks is like a cnversatin with the finest men f past centuries； when 引导时间状语从句；if引导条件状语从句；we hpe+宾语从句；表语从句。
【点睛】
写作文时，要认真审题，一定要把题干中所要求的内容都包含进去，如本题需要写的内容较多，考生们可以先把提纲列出来，哪一个部分需要写什么内容先想清楚，再思考该用什么样的连接词或句子。一般先介绍时间地点，之后介绍内容，最后是感悟，最好可以分段写，这样条理更加清晰。
题目②
自主学习是一种学习模式，是学习者自我管理的一种能力，也是青少年面向世界，适应未来的需要。
某英文网站正在开展以“自主学习(self-directed learning)”，为主题的征文活动。假/如你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿，谈谈在过去的两个月期间你是如何自主学习的，以及这样做给你带来的好处。
提示词语： learning resurces, gal, manage time, tls, apps, plan, imprve
提示问题： • What did yu d fr yur self-directed learning?
• What benefits have yu gt frm ding s?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
40．例文
Self-directed learning is a kind f learning mde and a kind f ability fr learners t manage themselves .It is als a way fr teenagers t face the wrld and future.
In the past, we planned my study by shwing language gal. I managed time s that I can make full use f it. I dwnladed sme useful apps in rder t get mre learning resurces. The learning tls can help me imprve my study.
I get many benefits frm self- directed learning. I have imprved my learning ability a lt. I becme mre cnfident. Besides, I becme mre interested in learning.
【解析】
1.题干解读：本文要求以“自主学习(self-directed learning)”为主题，用英语写一篇短文。首先认真审题，看清题目中的要求和要点；再根据提示内容，列出写作要点及每个要点中可能要用到的表达；然后紧扣要点，动笔写作，在写作过程中，要注意句与句、段与段之间的过渡平稳、自然流畅。
2.例文点评：本文时态主要为一般过去时，人称主要为第一人称。文章紧扣题目要点，内容完整，表述准确，语言的表述符合语法的结构，造句符合英语的表达习惯。
3.高分亮点：
短语：a kind f ability，in the past，in rder t，besides， be interested in
句型：s that引导目的状语从句：I managed time s that I can make full use f it.
AIn my free time, I use ld clthes that ur family dn’t wear anymre t make ther useful things. It’s meaningful and envirnment-friendly. I usually use ld jeans t make handbags with different designs. They lk very cute. When I g shpping, I ften take them instead f the plastic nes. I’d like t share different ways t use ld clthes and bring them back t fashin again.
BIn ur daily life, there are sme gd ways t save water. We can begin with small things. While I brush my teeth, I usually turn ff the tap t use less water. Taking shrt shwers als helps t save water. In my family, we watch less TV and use lw energy light bulbs. I usually shut ff all the lights befre I leave hme. I think it’s the best way t save electricity at hme.
CNwadays, everyne is encuraged t take a bus r the subway t travel arund the city. I usually g t schl by bike. I can take sme exercise and breathe the fresh air n the way t schl. I seldm let my parents drive me t schl. If I travel n a hliday, I’ll chse the green travel prperly. In this way, I can help t imprve the envirnment and the traffic cnditin.
DIt’s very imprtant t srt and put the waste int different bins. In my daily life, I d a lt fr waste srting. I learn hw t srt the waste nline. Then, I srt the waste by preparing sme bins in different clrs at hme. Whenever I see litter r ther things n the grund, I pick them up and thrw them int the right bins. I als cllect used batteries and put them int the bin that cntains harmful things.
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