浙江省宁波市名校2023-2024学年高二下学期期中考试英语试卷(含答案)

这是一份浙江省宁波市名校2023-2024学年高二下学期期中考试英语试卷(含答案)，共21页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，短文填空，书面表达，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。


一、阅读理解
There are many great independent bkstres in Nrth Carlina. If yu’re lking fr sme gd bks t read, yu can visit the bkstres listed belw.Purple Crw Bks
It’s a literary meeting place right in histric dwntwn Hillsbrugh. It was pened in 2009. Yu can find new bks, used nes r the latest wrks by lcal authrs. Because it specializes in lcal writers, Purple Crw Bks is a favrite turist destinatin. It’s a great place t grab a signed cpy f a bk by yur favrite lcal authr.
109 West King Street, Hillsbrugh, NC 27278Quail Ridge Bks
This is an independent bkstre with friendly staff dedicated t (致力于) prviding the best custmer service. Funded in 1984 by Nancy Olsn, the stre prvides a wide variety f carefully selected bks, events, discussin grups and twn hall meetings. The wner Lisa Ple bught the stre in 2013 and is dedicated t serving the lcals.
4209-100 Lassiter Mill Rad, Raleigh, NC 27609Pmegranate Bks
This bkstre is lcated in the histric Brkenhagen Huse in the Winter Park neighbrhd f Wilmingtn, Nrth Carlina. It has been finding gd hmes fr great bks since 2005. It stcks a carefully selected cllectin f literary and life-enhancing titles fr all ages and als features lcally-made cards and gift items.
4418 Park Ave, Wilmingtn, NC 28403Scuppernng Bks
This bkstre was pened n December 21, 2013 and has been an imprtant part f the rebirth f dwntwn Greensbr ever since. It features fictin and petry alng with a remarkable children’s sectin and a brad range f general interest titles. Within the stre is a busy cafe serving cffee, wine, and beer surced primarily frm lcal small businesses.
304 Suth Elm Street, Greensbr, NC 27401
1．What is special abut Purple Crw Bks?
A. It hlds varius reading activities.
B. It mainly sells bks by lcal writers.
C. It fcuses n selling secnd-hand bks.
D. It is supprted by lcal small businesses.
2．Which bkstre has the lngest histry?
A. Quail Ridge Bks.B. Purple Crw Bks.
C. Pmegranate Bks.D. Scuppernng Bks.
3．Wh wuld prefer t visit Scuppernng Bks?
A. Peple lving nn-fictin bks.
B. Peple liking handmade cards and gifts.
C. Peple enjying a very quiet envirnment.
D. Peple fnd f buying cllectins f petry.
I was surfing the Internet, planning fr ur 15th-anniversary trip when a perfect spt attracted me: The Shire f Mntana, a “hbbit huse”, which Jim my husband had dreamed abut. I knew he’d be impressed. And ur six-year-ld daughter, Aurra, wuld like it, t. I was abut t bk ur reservatin when I saw a nte n the website: N kids allwed. That ruined everything!
Luckily, there was an email address n the site. I plucked up the curage t cntact the wner. Sn, a reply arrived, saying, “If yu prmise that yur daughter is respnsible and will nt tuch, she can cme.” I was relieved, thinking Aurra was a gd kid. “This will be kay,” I wrte back.
The day finally arrived. We piled int the car. I culdn’t help being excited, imagining Jim and Aurra’s reactins. We passed a sign that read, “The adventure begins …” Turning nt the Hbbit Lane, I felt a pan g f anxiety. As sn as we gt ut f the car, I pulled Aurra aside. “Children aren’t usually allwed here,” I said. “S yu have t be very, very careful. Yu can lk at everything, but dn’t tuch.” I explained the rule and hw terrible it wuld be t damage anything. Aurra’s eyes widened at my n-nnsense tne. “I prmise, Mm,” she said.
Obviusly, my cncern was superfluus. We spent several days at The Shire. Aurra was delighted at each discvery but she never disturbed a thing. She tk her respnsibility t prtect the wner’s wrk seriusly. It turned ut that respecting bundaries didn’t take away the beauty and wnder, it allwed The Shire t remain beautiful and wnderful int the future.
Nt s different frm a marriage, I thught. Nw I understd why we went t this place t celebrate ur fifteenth anniversary. Jim and I mved thrugh life side by side as a cuple, and we’d learned t accept each ther’s individuality and bundaries as well. Marriage is full f surprises, challenges and adventures. The key t making it wrk is respecting each ther.
4．What can we learn frm the first paragraph?
A. The authr met a prblem while planning a trip.
B. The authr and her husband had been married fr 6 years.
C. Aurra didn’t want t take a trip t The Shire f Mntana.
D. The trip was ruined because the authr didn’t reserve a rm.
5．Why did the authr feel a pang f anxiety?
A. She felt it a burden t take care f her daughter.
B. She dubted if her daughter wuld behave well.
C. She wrried her daughter wuldn’t be admitted.
D. She wasn’t sure whether her husband wuld like the place.
6．Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd “superfluus” in paragraph 4?
A. cnsiderableB. imprtantC. unnecessaryD. cmmn
7．What des the authr want t cnvey thrugh the text?
A. Dn’t give up until yu try yur best.
B. Gd rle mdels are essential fr teaching kids.
C. Respect cntributes t a happy and lasting marriage.
D. Obeying the rules is imprtant when dealing with peple.
The age-ld chre f dusting culd sn be a thing f the past. Scientists are develping “self-cleaning” surfaces that make dust particles unable t stick t them. Researchers frm the University f Texas at Austin say the particles instead stick t each ther and simply rll ff the surfaces with nthing mre than the assistance f gravity.
The scientists altered the gemetry (几何构造) f flat surfaces at a level invisible t human eyes. The team made a tightly-packed nanscale (纳米级) netwrk f pyramid-shaped structures n the surfaces which made it difficult fr dust particles t stick t the material. Instead, the particles stick t each ther befre rlling ff the material due t gravity.
The study, funded by a grant (拨款) frm NASA’s Small Business Innvatin Research prgram, tested the material by piling lunar dust n their engineered surfaces befre turning them n their sides. The team fund that just tw percent f the surface remained dusty, cmpared with mre than 35 percent f an unaltered smth surface. The new surface culd prvide a passive slutin t remving dust, as ppsed t mre active methds like using wipers and fluid t clear dust frm a car windscreen.
“What we’ve demnstrated here is a surface that can clean itself,” says lead study authr Chih-Ha Chang. “Particulates aren’t able t stick t the surface, s they cme ff using just the frce f gravity.”
Study authrs hpe the material prvides a slutin t space dust, which can be extremely harmful in such a high-risk envirnment and is almst impssible t clean ut. Space dust has previusly caused great damage t NASA’s human spaceflight Apll missins and has even caused rvers n Mars t malfunctin and fail. “There’s nt much yu can d abut lunar dust in space—it sticks t everything and there’s n real way t wipe it ff,” says Samuel Lee, a lead authr f the study. “Dust n slar panels f Mars rvers can cause them t fail.”
Hwever, the researchers als believe the discvery culd prve useful n Earth, preventing slar panels frm cllecting dust and lsing efficiency. These surfaces may even prtect ur screens and windws frm irritating dust.
8．Hw did the scientists alter the flat surfaces?
A. By putting thin paint n them.
B. By creating a special netwrk n them.
C. By making particles stick t each ther.
D. By making them invisible t human eyes.
9．What can we learn abut the surfaces after the test?
A. Over 35% f the surfaces were dusty.
B. Just tw percent f the surfaces remained dusty.
C. The surfaces still needed t be cleaned with wipers and fluid.
D. The surfaces attracted mre dust particles than cmmn nes.
10．Why des the authr mentin NASA’s human spaceflight Apll missins and rvers n Mars?
A. T shw the material can be very helpful.
B. T prve irritating dust exists everywhere.
C. T shw the imprtance f space explratin.
D. T explain why NASA supprted the research.
11．What is the main idea f the text?
A. Dust threatened missins in space.
B. Scientists develped self-cleaning surfaces.
C. Self-cleaning surfaces prved useful n Earth.
D. Scientists develped a material fr rvers n Mars.
When temperatures climb, many peple reach fr ice-cld beverages (饮料) t cl dwn. But thers put the kettle n: Ht tea is a g-t beverage year-rund in cuntries such as Bangladesh, China, Japan and Saudi Arabia. Many peple find ht tea refreshing n ht days. Can ht drinks really cl yu dwn n a ht day?
Accrding t Peter McNaughtn, a prfessr at King’s Cllege Lndn wh studies thermregulatin (温度调节), ht drinks really can cl yu dwn. “It seems ttally cunterintuitive (反直觉的，违反直觉的),” McNaughtn said. “Drinking a ht drink really des make yu drp yur temperature if it’s nt t humid ut.”
“If a drink is warmer than yur bdy at first, bviusly, that drink makes yu htter,” McNaughtn said. But humans, like all warmblded animals, are cnstantly adjusting t maintain a cnsistent internal temperature. McNaughtn fund that ht drinks activate a receptr (接受器) in ur nerves called TRPV1, which tells the bdy it needs t cl dwn. In respnse, humans sweat.
“Sweat pling n skin is uncmfrtable, but add a breeze r a fan, and the air blwing past helps sweat evaprate (蒸发), taking heat with it,” McNaughtn said. “In general, yur life depends n sweating. Sweating can help humans survive in sme f the highest temperatures dcumented n Earth, at least in dry heat. Sweat is less effective in high humidity because the air is already full f water vapr and can’t absrb as much frm the skin, that’s why in high humidity, the survivable temperature is much lwer.”
A 2012 study in the jurnal Acta Physilgica fund that when sweat fully evaprates, ht drinks can help cl peple ff verall, at least temprarily. That study lked at cyclists biking quickly enugh t create their wn breeze in a climate with n humidity: ideal cnditins fr sweat evapratin.
In the reverse effect, cld drinks lwer bdy temperatures and then make the brain reduce sweating in rder t bring bdy temperature back t its baseline. A 2018 paper suggests that with less wind, mre humidity, r ther barriers t effective sweating—like the heavy clthing wrn by firefighters—it may make mre sense t cl ff by drinking crushed ice.
12．What d we knw abut peple in Bangladesh, China, Japan and Saudi Arabia?
A. They like ice-cld beverages n ht days.
B. They favr ht tea ver cld drinks year-rund.
C. They dubt whether ht tea can help cl them dwn.
D. They believe ice-cld beverages are harmful t their health.
13．What can we learn frm paragraph 3?
A. TRPV1 helps adjust bld temperature.
B. Bld helps add heat t the human bdy.
C. Sweating helps increase ur bdy temperature.
D. TRPV1 sends signals related t bdy temperature.
14．Why des the authr qute McNaughtn’s wrds abut sweating paragraph 4?
A. T shw the danger f high humidity.
B. T reveal why sme peple sweat mre.
C. T tell us abut the functin f sweating.
D. T display hw peple survive extreme heat.
15．What can we cnclude after reading the text?
A. Drinking enugh water benefits ur bdies.
B. We shuld avid cld water in high humidity.
C. Ht water cls us dwn better than cld water.
D. Ht drinks help cl the bdy under certain cnditins.
二、七选五
16．Getting up early is actually the secret t the success f many peple. ① _________
It may imprve yur cgnitive (认知的) functin.
Peple wh get up early in the mrning can cncentrate better, are mre attentive, and stay energized thrughut the day. ② _________ Therefre, fcusing n imprtant tasks earlier will allw yu t make better decisins than peple wh wrk later. A 2010 Harvard University study fund that mrning peple have better prblem-slving skills, get better grades in schl, and land higher-paying jbs.
It helps yu sleep better.
Waking up early makes ging t bed earlier easier and helps yu get cnsistent sleep and wake time. ③ _________ Getting adequate sleep may lwer yur bld pressure, bst yur md, as well as imprve yur brain functin. Peple wh tend t be night wls are mre likely t feel tired and develp sleep disrders.
It gives yu mre time t eat breakfast.
④ _________ After all, fd is the fuel peple need t feel energized and ready t face the wrld. Just drinking a cup f cffee at the drive-thrugh will nt give yu what yu need. Enjy a nutritius breakfast f health y bread rlls r ygurt and fruit t start yur day ff right.
It gives yu mre time fr yurself.
Waking up early allws yu t watch the sunrise and have quiet time at hme. Self-care is vitally imprtant, s take this time t enjy yur cffee, take yur dg fr a lng walk, write yur shpping list, r just take sme extra me time. Peple generally think it is difficult t get mre time fr themselves. ⑤ _________
A. Try ging t the gym r running first in the mrning.
B. Peple’s brains are mre alert (灵敏的) in the mrning.
C. Nthing starts a day better than eating a healthy breakfast.
D. This helps t regulate yur bdy clck and leads t better sleep.
E. Check ut these fur gd reasns t wake up early in the mrning.
F. Here are fur methds that will help yu start yur day feeling relaxed.
G. Hwever, setting yur alarm clck earlier will give yu the gift f extra time.
三、完形填空（15空）
I am emplyed in an educatinal institutin. Each day, fllwing the 1 f the students, a delightful yung wman named Claire ften arrives t clean the classrms and ffices. Once a week, I 2 after hurs, ding sme extra wrk. S I ften chat fr a few minutes with her. She always makes me feel gd because she's a gd listener and willing t talk abut her children. Our 3 are cnsistently enjyable.
Last week, she seemed unlike her 4 self. She tld me that her husband had been 5 frm his jb, leaving them wrried abut their financial 6 . Later that week, while I was in a department stre, my attentin was drawn t the shelves lined with sunglasses. After 7 varius pairs, I discvered the ideal sunglasses. As I admired my 8 , it ccurred t me that Claire wuld lk great while wearing them. 9 with my current pair, I purchased the sunglasses fr Claire.
Eager t surprise her, I placed them in an elegant bag and 10 put them in her clset fr her discvery. The fllwing day, Claire was chatting with a cwrker as she 11 the clset. Upn 12 the bag and taking ut the sunglasses and a Smile Card, her face lit up with jy. She expressed that it had been days since she had reasn t smile and that this act f kindness 13 her spirits.
She penned a nte expressing her 14 fr my heart-warming gesture. Chsing t gift her the sunglasses instead f myself brught me much satisfactin. I eagerly 15 creating mre mments f jy.
17．A. queueB. exitC. guidanceD. plan
18．A. waitB. wrkC. thinkD. remain
19．A. cnversatinsB. jbsC. tripsD. arrangements
20．A. regularB. usualC. unusualD. calm
21．A. firedB. blamedC. rewardedD. cmfrted
22．A. stabilityB. mannerC. methdD. supprt
23．A. checking utB. putting asideC. trying nD. taking up
24．A. ambitinB. reflectinC. cnclusinD. decisin
25．A. SatisfiedB. BredC. FamiliarD. Careful
26．A. ccasinallyB. cautiuslyC. accuratelyD. secretly
27．A. achievedB. apprachedC. fundD. remved
28．A. cveringB. hidingC. spttingD. receiving
29．A. maintainedB. struckC. liftedD. restred
30．A. gratitudeB. cmmentC. preparatinD. aplgy
31．A. dubtB. imagineC. admitD. anticipate
四、短文填空
32．With a histry f mre than 2,000 years, the Silk Rute dates back t Han dynasty. Thrugh this rute, the Chinese highly① _________ (qualify) silk made its fame t the western cuntries. The merchants in different regins② _________ (seek) the pprtunity f trading Chinese silk③ _________ they indeed made their frtune alng this rute.
That rute functined④ _________ the life bld f internatinal trade at that time. Meanwhile, the Chinese civilizatin was intrduced t the Western cuntries and vice versa. The Silk Rute⑤ _________ (cnsider) as a new chapter recrding the friendship between the Eurpean and Asian peples.
Thrughut all these years, many great figures have made great⑥ _________ (cntribute) t the develpment f the Silk Rute. Tday, the Silk Rute has a petic name⑦ _________ (call) One Belt One Rad, ⑧ _________ (aim) t help thse cnnected regins in culture and ecnmy exchange with a mre advanced rad. The main cities alngside it are becming⑨ _________ (large) and mre imprtant in helping trade and culture exchange. Many cuntries have gained great benefits alng the trading prcess. All in all, the ancient Silk Rad is mre like⑩ _________ histrical textbk fr everyne t read and t knw abut what happened during that ancient time. It has been playing a significant rle in the develpment f the civilizatins f China.
五、书面表达
33．假定你是李华，为了弘扬中国传统文化和丰富师生精神生活，上周你校学生会开展了主题为“汉服游园会，文化共传承”的校园汉服节活动（the Hanfu Festival)。请你给校园英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：
1.活动的内容
2.活动的意义
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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六、读后续写
34．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段， 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Peter walked hme frm schl. Salty tears ran dwn his cheeks, and his stmach hurt. He didn’t knw what t d. Nkmis was waiting fr him n the frnt prch.
“What’s wrng, Biyen?” said Peter’s grandmther. Biyen was the Ojibwe (齐佩瓦人) name fr Peter. He called her Nkmis, which meant grandmther.
Peter lked up. “I have t give a presentatin where I talk abut a family traditin. I knw we have lts f beliefs and custms. Can yu remind me f ne?”
Nkmis smiled and ndded with a smile. “Cme with me,” she said sftly. Peter fllwed Nkmis. She went t a clset, stretched t reach the tp shelf and pulled ut a small bx. She handed it t Peter, asking him t pen it.
Peter pened the bx. Present befre him was a wden hp (圈). It was in the shape f a circle. String was wven and twisted arund the hp. It lked like a spider web. A black bead (珠子) sat near the center with feathers hanging frm the bttm. Seeing it, Peter wiped away his tears and smiled.
“This is a dream catcher,” said Nkmis. “Our peple have made these fr many years. Circles are symbls f unity and strength. Let’s hang it ver yur bed tnight. It will catch yur bad dreams in the web, and yur gd dreams will fall thrugh the center. Maybe it will give yu curage t d yur presentatin.” Lking at Nkmis, Peter asked whether he culd take that t schl. Nkmis refused because the dream catcher was extremely precius, which meant a lt t her.
Peter felt disappinted at her wrds because he wanted t share the dream catcher with his class. “We culd make yu ne,” said Nkmis. “I’d like that!” cried Peter in excitement. Withut delay, Nkmis and Peter wrked tgether and they made a dream catcher.
注意：
(1) 续写词数应为 150个左右；
(2) 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1: That night, as Peter lked at the dream catcher ver his bed, he had an idea.
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Paragraph 2: Thunders f applause explded after Peter gave the presentatin.
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参考答案
1．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据Purple Crw Bks部分中“Because it specializes in lcal writers, Purple Crw Bks is a favrite turist destinatin. It’s a great place t grab a signed cpy f a bk by yur favrite lcal authr. (因为它专门研究当地作家的作品，紫鸦书店是一个很受欢迎的旅游目的地。在这里你可以买到你最喜欢的当地作家的签名书。)”可知，Purple Crw Bks的特别之处在于主要卖本地作家的书。故选B。
2．答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据Purple Crw Bks部分中“It was pened in 2009. (它于2009年开业。)”；Quail Ridge Bks部分中“Funded in 1984 by Nancy Olsn, the stre prvides a wide variety f carefully selected bks, events, discussin grups and twn hall meetings. (这家书店由南希·奥尔森于1984年创立，提供各种精心挑选的书籍、活动、讨论小组和市政厅会。)”；Pmegranate Bks部分中“It has been finding gd hmes fr great bks since 2005. (自2005年以来，它一直在为伟大的书籍寻找好去处。)”以及Scuppernng Bks部分中“This bkstre was pened n December 21, 2013 and has been an imprtant part f the rebirth f dwntwn Greensbr ever since. (这家书店于2013年12月21日开业，自那以后一直是格林斯博罗市中心重生的重要组成部分。)”可知，Quail Ridge Bks的历史最悠久。故选A。
3．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据Scuppernng Bks部分中“It features fictin and petry alng with a remarkable children’s sectin and a brad range f general interest titles. (它的特色是小说和诗歌，以及一个引人注目的儿童部分和广泛的一般兴趣标题。)”可知，喜欢买诗集的人更愿意参观Scuppernng Bks。故选D。
4．答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“I was abut t bk ur reservatin when I saw a nte n the website: N kids allwed. That ruined everything!(我正要预订座位时，在网站上看到一条告示：儿童不得入内。那毁了一切！)”可知，作者在计划旅行时遇到了一个问题。故选A。
5．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“We passed a sign that read, “The adventure begins …” Turning nt the Hbbit Lane, I felt a pan g f anxiety. As sn as we gt ut f the car, I pulled Aurra aside. “Children aren’t usually allwed here,” I said. “S yu have t be very, very careful. Yu can lk at everything, but dn’t tuch.” I explained the rule and hw terrible it wuld be t damage anything.(我们经过一块牌子，上面写着：“冒险开始了……”拐进霍比特人巷，我感到一阵焦虑。我们一下车，我就把奥罗拉到一边。“这里通常不允许孩子进来，”我说。“所以你必须非常非常小心。你可以看所有的东西，但不要碰。”我解释了规则，以及损坏任何东西会有多可怕)”可知，作者感到一阵焦虑是因为她怀疑她的女儿是否会表现良好。故选B。
6．答案：C
解析：词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“We spent several days at The Shire. Aurra was delighted at each discvery but she never disturbed a thing. She tk her respnsibility t prtect the wner’s wrk seriusly. It turned ut that respecting bundaries didn’t take away the beauty and wnder, it allwed The Shire t remain beautiful and wnderful int the future.(我们在夏尔待了几天。爱洛对每一个发现都很高兴，但她从不打扰任何事情。她认真对待保护业主作品的责任。事实证明，尊重边界并没有带走美丽和奇迹，它让夏尔在未来保持美丽和精彩)”可知，作者的女儿表现良好，所以作者的担心是不必要的。由此可知，划线词意思是“不必要的”。故选C。
7．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Jim and I mved thrugh life side by side as a cuple, and we’d learned t accept each ther’s individuality and bundaries as well. Marriage is full f surprises, challenges and adventures. The key t making it wrk is respecting each ther.(吉姆和我作为一对夫妻并肩度过了一生，我们也学会了接受彼此的个性和界限。婚姻充满了惊喜、挑战和冒险。维系关系的关键在于相互尊重)”可推知，作者想要表达的是尊重有助于幸福和持久的婚姻。故选C。
8．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“The team made a tightly-packed nanscale (纳米级) netwrk f pyramid-shaped structures n the surfaces which made it difficult fr dust particles t stick t the material.(该团队在表面制作了一个金字塔形结构的紧密排列的纳米级网络，这使得灰尘颗粒很难粘在材料上)”可知，科学家们通过建立一个特殊的网络改变平面。故选B。
9．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“The team fund that just tw percent f the surface remained dusty, cmpared with mre than 35 percent f an unaltered smth surface.(研究小组发现，只有2%的表面仍有灰尘，而未改变的光滑表面有超过35%的灰尘)”可知，测试后，只有2%的表面仍有灰尘。故选B。
10．答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Study authrs hpe the material prvides a slutin t space dust, which can be extremely harmful in such a high-risk envirnment and is almst impssible t clean ut. Space dust has previusly caused great damage t NASA’s human spaceflight Apll missins and has even caused rvers n Mars t malfunctin and fail.(研究作者希望这种材料能为太空尘埃提供解决方案，太空尘埃在这样一个高风险的环境中是极其有害的，而且几乎不可能清除。此前，太空尘埃对美国宇航局的阿波罗载人航天任务造成了巨大损害，甚至导致火星上的漫游者发生故障和失败)”可知，作者提到美国宇航局的载人航天阿波罗任务和火星探测器是为了展示材料会很有帮助。故选A。
11．答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段“The age-ld chre f dusting culd sn be a thing f the past. Scientists are develping “self-cleaning” surfaces that make dust particles unable t stick t them. Researchers frm the University f Texas at Austin say the particles instead stick t each ther and simply rll ff the surfaces with nthing mre than the assistance f gravity.(打扫灰尘这种由来已久的苦差事可能很快就会成为过去。科学家们正在开发一种“自清洁”表面，使灰尘颗粒无法附着在表面上。得克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的研究人员说，这些粒子相互粘在一起，只是在重力的帮助下从表面滚下来)”结合文章主要说明了研究人员开发了一种可以自我清洁的表面，解释了其工作原理以及测试情况和未来的应用。可知，这篇文章的主旨是科学家开发了自清洁表面。故选B。
12．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“But thers put the kettle n: Ht tea is a g-t beverage year-rund in cuntries such as Bangladesh, China, Japan and Saudi Arabia. (但也有人把水壶打开：在孟加拉国、中国、日本和沙特阿拉伯等国家，热茶是全年的必备饮料。)”可知，孟加拉国、中国、日本和沙特阿拉伯的人全年都喜欢热茶而不是冷饮。故选B。
13．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“McNaughtn fund that ht drinks activate a receptr (接受器) in ur nerves called TRPV1, which tells the bdy it needs t cl dwn. In respnse, humans sweat. (麦克诺顿发现，热饮会激活我们神经中的一种名为TRPV1的受体，它会告诉身体需要降温。作为回应，人类会出汗。)”可知，TRPV1发送与体温有关的信号。故选D。
14．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段““Sweat pling n skin is uncmfrtable, but add a breeze r a fan, and the air blwing past helps sweat evaprate (蒸发), taking heat with it,” McNaughtn said. “In general, yur life depends n sweating. Sweating can help humans survive in sme f the highest temperatures dcumented n Earth, at least in dry heat . Sweat is less effective in high humidity because the air is already full f water vapr and can’t absrb as much frm the skin, that’s why in high humidity, the survivable temperature is much lwer.” (麦克诺顿说：“汗水聚集在皮肤上是不舒服的，但吹过的风或风扇会帮助汗水蒸发，带走热量。总的来说，你的生活取决于出汗。出汗可以帮助人类在地球上有记录的一些最高温度下生存，至少在干热的情况下。汗液在高湿度条件下效果较差，因为空气中已经充满了水蒸气，不能从皮肤上吸收那么多，这就是为什么在高湿度条件下，生存温度要低得多。”)”可知，作者在第4段引用了McNaughtn关于出汗的话是为了告诉我们出汗的功能。故选C。
15．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“A 2012 study in the jurnal Acta Physilgica fund that when sweat fully evaprates, ht drinks can help cl peple ff verall, at least temprarily. (2012年发表在《生理学学报》上的一项研究发现，当汗液完全蒸发后，热饮可以帮助人们整体降温，至少是暂时的。)”可推知，在某些情况下，热饮有助于身体降温。故选D。
16．答案：①-⑤EBDCG
解析：①根据上文“Getting up early is actually the secret t the success f many peple.(早起其实是很多人成功的秘诀)”结合后文论述了早起的四个理由，故E选项“看看这四个早起的好理由”符合语境，故选E。
②根据上文“Peple wh get up early in the mrning can cncentrate better, are mre attentive, and stay energized thrughut the day.(早起的人可以更好地集中注意力，更专注，一整天都保持精力充沛)”可知，上文提到早起的人注意力更集中，说明大脑在早上更加灵敏，故B选项“人们的大脑在早上更灵敏”符合语境，故选B。
③根据上文“Waking up early makes ging t bed earlier easier and helps yu get cnsistent sleep and wake time.(早起可以让你更容易早睡，帮助你获得一致的睡眠和醒来时间)”以及后文“Getting adequate sleep may lwer yur bld pressure, bst yur md, as well as imprve yur brain functin. Peple wh tend t be night wls are mre likely t feel tired and develp sleep disrders.(充足的睡眠可以降低你的血压，改善你的情绪，以及改善你的大脑功能。夜猫子的人更容易感到疲劳，患上睡眠障碍)”可知，上文提到了早起帮助你获得一致的睡眠和醒来时间，后文提到了充足睡眠的好处，可知本句承接上文，继续说明早起带来的好处，故D选项“这有助于调节你的生物钟，从而获得更好的睡眠”符合语境，故选D。
④根据后文“After all, fd is the fuel peple need t feel energized and ready t face the wrld. Just drinking a cup f cffee at the drive-thrugh will nt give yu what yu need. Enjy a nutritius breakfast f health y bread rlls r ygurt and fruit t start yur day ff right.(毕竟，食物是人们感到精力充沛、准备好面对世界所需要的燃料。仅仅在汽车餐厅喝杯咖啡并不能满足你的需要。享受一顿营养丰富的早餐，健康的面包卷或酸奶和水果，开始你的一天)”可知，后文主要论述了早起可以更好地享受早餐。故C选项“没有什么比吃一顿健康的早餐更好地开始新的一天了”符合语境，故选C。
⑤根据上文“Waking up early allws yu t watch the sunrise and have quiet time at hme. Self-care is vitally imprtant, s take this time t enjy yur cffee, take yur dg fr a lng walk, write yur shpping list, r just take sme extra me time. Peple generally think it is difficult t get mre time fr themselves.(早起可以让你看日出，在家里有一段安静的时间。自我照顾是非常重要的，所以利用这段时间来享受你的咖啡，带你的狗去散步，写你的购物清单，或者只是给自己一些额外的时间。人们普遍认为很难为自己争取更多的时间)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，上文提到人们难以为自己争取更多时间，可知本句是在说明早起可以获得更多时间。故G选项“然而，把闹钟调早一点会给你额外的时间”符合语境，故选G。
17．答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天，在学生们离开后，一个叫克莱尔的可爱的年轻女子经常来打扫教室和办公室。A. queue队伍；B. exit离去，出口；C. guidance指导；D. plan计划。根据后文“clean the classrms and ffices”可知，打扫工作应该是在学生离开以后进行的。故选B。
18．答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：每周有一次，我在下班后仍然工作，做一些额外的工作。A. wait等待；B. wrk工作；C. think认为；D. remain留下，维持。根据后文“after hurs, ding sme extra wrk”指作者下班后留下来做些额外的工作，故选D。
19．答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的谈话总是很愉快。A. cnversatins对话；B. jbs工作；C. trips旅程；D. arrangements安排。根据上文“She always makes me feel gd because she's a gd listener and willing t talk abut her children.(她总是让我感觉很好，因为她是一个很好的倾听者，愿意谈论她的孩子)”可知，指作者和对方的对话很愉快。故选A。
20．答案：B
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：上周，她看起来和往常不太一样。A. regular定期的；B. usual通常的；C. unusual不寻常的；D. calm平静的。根据后文提到女人的丈夫失业了，担心经济状况，可知上周，她看起来和往常不太一样。故选B。
21．答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：她告诉我她丈夫被解雇了，这让他们很担心他们的经济稳定性。A. fired开除；B. blamed责备；C. rewarded奖励；D. cmfrted安慰。根据后文“leaving them wrried abut their financial”可知，让他们担心的原因是丈夫被解雇了。故选A。
22．答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：她告诉我她丈夫被解雇了，这让他们很担心他们的经济稳定性。A. stability稳定性；B. manner礼貌；C. methd方法；D. supprt支持。根据上文“leaving them wrried abut their financial”可知，丈夫失去了工作，这让他们很担心他们的经济稳定性。故选A。
23．答案：C
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：试了好几副之后，我找到了一副理想的太阳镜。A. checking ut结账；B. putting aside搁置；C. trying n试戴；D. taking up开始从事。根据前文“while I was in a department stre”和后文“varius pairs”可知，作者在购物，应该是试戴墨镜。故选C。
24．答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我欣赏自己的倒影时，我突然想到克莱尔戴上它们一定很漂亮。A. ambitin抱负；B. reflectin倒影；C. cnclusin结论；D. decisin决定。上文提到作者试戴墨镜，所以是看到自己在镜子中的倒影。故选B。
25．答案：A
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我对现在的这副墨镜很满意，就给克莱尔买了这副。A. Satisfied满足的；B. Bred厌倦的；C. Familiar熟悉的；D. Careful仔细的。根据后文“with my current pair, I purchased the sunglasses fr Claire”指作者对现在的这副墨镜很满意，就给克莱尔买了这副。故选A。
26．答案：D
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：为了给她一个惊喜，我把它们放在一个精美的袋子里，偷偷地放在她的衣橱里，等她发现。A. ccasinally偶尔；B. cautiusly谨慎地；C. accurately精确地；D. secretly偷偷地，秘密地。根据后文“the bag and taking ut the sunglasses and a Smile Card, her face lit up with jy”可知，作者是偷偷放的，克莱尔并不知情，发现时才觉得惊喜。故选D。
27．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天，克莱尔和一位同事走到衣柜前聊天。A. achieved实现；B. apprached靠近；C. fund找到；D. remved去除。根据后文“the clset”指克莱尔和一位同事走到衣柜前聊天。故选B。
28．答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：看到袋子，拿出太阳镜和微笑卡，她的脸上露出了喜悦的笑容。A. cvering覆盖；B. hiding隐藏；C. sptting看见；D. receiving收到。根据后文“the bag and taking ut the sunglasses”指克莱尔看到了袋子，拿出太阳镜。故选C。
29．答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说，她已经好几天没有理由笑了，这种善意的举动使她精神振奋。A. maintained维护；B. struck打；C. lifted提高、高兴起来；D. restred恢复。呼应上文“her face lit up with jy”指作者的行为振奋了克莱尔的精神。故选C。
30．答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：她写了一张纸条，对我温暖人心的举动表示感谢。A. gratitude感激；B. cmment评论；C. preparatin准备；D. aplgy道歉。根据后文“fr my heart-warming gesture”可知，作者送了礼物给克莱尔，克莱尔写信表达感谢。故选A。
31．答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我热切地期待着创造更多快乐的时刻。A. dubt怀疑；B. imagine想象；C. admit承认；D. anticipate期待。根据上文“Chsing t gift her the sunglasses instead f myself brught me much satisfactin.(选择送她太阳镜而不是送给我自己，给我带来了很大的满足感)”可知，做好事给作者带来了满足感，所以期待着创造更多快乐的时刻。故选D。
32．答案：①qualified②sught③and④as⑤was cnsidered⑥cntributins⑦called⑧aiming⑨larger⑩a
解析：①考查形容词。句意：通过这条路线，中国高品质的丝绸享誉西方。修饰名词silk应用形容词qualified，作定语。故填qualified。
②考查动词时态。句意：各地的商人都在寻找交易中国丝绸的机会，他们确实在这条路上发了财。根据后文they indeed made可知，事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填sught。
③考查连词。句意：各地的商人都在寻找交易中国丝绸的机会，他们确实在这条路上发了财。结合前后文语境可知，前后是并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。
④考查介词。句意：那条路线在当时是国际贸易的命脉。短语functin as表示“充当”。故填as。
⑤考查动词短语。句意：丝绸之路被认为是记录欧亚人民友谊的新篇章。动词短语be cnsidered as表示“被认为是”，且发生在过去，用一般过去时，主语为The Silk Rute，谓语用单数。故填was cnsidered。
⑥考查名词。句意：这些年来，许多伟大的人物为丝绸之路的发展作出了巨大的贡献。作动词的宾语，应用名词cntributin，短语make great cntributins t表示“作出了巨大的贡献”。故填cntributins。
⑦考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，丝绸之路有了一个诗意的名字——“一带一路”，旨在帮助那些在文化和经济上相互联系的地区进行更先进的交流。此处name与call构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填called。
⑧考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，丝绸之路有了一个诗意的名字——“一带一路”，旨在帮助那些在文化和经济上相互联系的地区进行更先进的交流。分析句子结构可知，aim与逻辑主语One Belt One Rad构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填aiming。
⑨考查比较级。句意：沿线的主要城市规模越来越大，在促进贸易和文化交流方面也越来越重要。根据后文mre imprtant可知，应用比较级。故填larger。
⑩考查冠词。句意：总而言之，古丝绸之路更像是一本历史教科书，每个人都可以阅读，了解古代发生的事情。此处textbk为泛指，且histrical是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
33．答案：Last weekend, ur schl rganized a meaningful event named “the Hanfu Festival”, which draw a lt f students’ attentin, especially thse wh are keen n the hanfu shw.
“The Hanfu Festival” began with a lively lng-lin dance. A series f well-designed perfrmances caught students’ eye, shwcasing the elabrate hanfu clthing and graceful dance. Besides, an exhibitin n hanfu histry and culture was given by ur histry teacher, whse intrductin gave us a deeper insight int ur traditinal culture. We viewers als tk part in the hands-n activity thrugh which we gt the unfrgettable experience f wearing and making hanfu.
The event turned ut t be a great success, as it nt nly enabled us t derive a thrugh cmprehensin f the clthing culture, but als prmted ur appreciatin f the unique charm f Chinese traditinal culture.
解析：1.词汇积累
吸引某人的注意力：draw ne’s attentin →attract ne’s attentin
参加：take part in → participate in
展示：shwcase →display
优雅的：graceful→ elegant
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：A series f well-designed perfrmances caught students’ eye, shwcasing the elabrate hanfu clthing and graceful dance.
拓展句：A series f well-designed perfrmances caught students’ eye, which shwcased the elabrate hanfu clthing and graceful dance.
【高分句型1】Last weekend, ur schl rganized a meaningful event named “the Hanfu Festival”, which draw a lt f students’ attentin, especially thse wh are keen n the hanfu shw.（运用了which和wh引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】The event turned ut t be a great success, as it nt nly enabled us t derive a thrugh cmprehensin f the clthing culture, but als prmted ur appreciatin f the unique charm f Chinese traditinal culture.（运用了as引导的原因状语）
34．答案： That night, as Peter lked at the dream catcher ver his bed, he had an idea. “Why nt share the stry f the dream catcher with my class n the presentatin day?” Peter said t himself, his eyes sparkling with jy. Immediately, he started t prepare fr it. And it tk him quite sme time befre he gt everything ready. Early the next mrning, he arrived at the schl and waited in excitement. Then came the mment, and with butterflies in his stmach, he made his way t the platfrm. A little nervus as he felt, his grandmther’s wrds seemed t ech inside his head and wrds just flded ut f his muth. “Tday, I’m ging t give a presentatin n dream catchers. It is a fantastic traditin fr ur Ojibwe t make these, which are the symbls f curage, unity and strength.”
Thunders f applause explded after Peter gave the presentatin. The mment Peter stepped ff the platfrm, he was surrunded by his classmates. Curius t knw mre abut the dream catcher, they insisted that Peter make ne in frnt f them. Brimming with cnfidence, Peter tk ut all the materials that he had prepared the night befre. He explained every step carefully as he shwed them hw t weave and twist string arund the hp. A few minutes later, a beautiful hand-made dream catcher appeared like magic. After schl, he culd hardly wait t get hme t share with his grandmther that it was the dream catcher that gave him curage and strength t d the fantastic presentatin.
解析：1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“那天晚上，当彼得看着床上的捕梦网时，他有了一个主意。”可知，第一段可描写彼得和同学分享传统的经过。
②由第二段首句内容“彼得作了报告后，爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。”可知，第二段可描写彼得的分享得到了同学的认可，彼得也展示了如何制作捕梦网。
2.续写线索：彼得有了想法——打算分享捕梦网故事——发表演讲——同学认可——演示制作——彼得感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①闪烁：sparkle/shine
②到达：arrived/reach
③说明：explain/illustrate
情绪类
①快乐：jy/happiness
②紧张的：nervus /anxius
[高分句型1] A little nervus as he felt, his grandmther’s wrds seemed t ech inside his head and wrds just flded ut f his muth. (运用了as引导让步状语从句)
[高分句型2] After schl, he culd hardly wait t get hme t share with his grandmther that it was the dream catcher that gave him curage and strength t d the fantastic presentatin. (运用了强调句)