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人教版高考英语一轮复习语法专题1第3讲情态动词和虚拟语气课件
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这是一份人教版高考英语一轮复习语法专题1第3讲情态动词和虚拟语气课件，共51页。PPT课件主要包含了内容索引，情境导入，考点解读，技法图解，考点达标检测，不得不，客观需要，主观看法，were，would+动词原形等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1.情态动词Lucy is an utging lady.She can①play many kinds f musical instruments.Actually,she culd② play the pian when she was 8 years ld. Lucy als keeps taking exercise every day.She says that she has t③ d sme sprts because she must④ keep slim.“Yu shall⑤ get fat sn if yu dn’t take exercise every day.” She usually says t her friends.As fr her,an elegant lady shuld⑥try t keep fit.Hwever,last week,she fund that she might⑦ put n weight and she was wrried and decided t lse weight.And these days she is always thinking that she may⑧ succeed sn if she tries all her best.Hwever,she is always lacking in time because she ught t⑨ take care f her children.
One night after supper,she walked quickly in rder t g dancing at the Tmrrw Park but she was late.On her way,she thught that the dancing must have begun⑩,and the cach culd have taught r shwn⑪ many new mves. She was afraid that her friends might have left⑫ befre she gt there.She was regretful then.She shuld have had⑬ supper earlier,r she culd have taken⑭ a taxi,and indeed she needn’t have taken⑮ a bath in advance.When she reached the park finally,she fund nbdy was there.She remembered suddenly that it had been reprted n the radi that there wuld be a heavy rain that night.
1.①can和句②culd表 ,意为“ ”。 2.③have t 表示“ ”。强调 。④must表 ,强调说话者的 。 3.⑤shall用于第 人称,表示说话人给对方 。 4.⑥shuld ⑨ught t表示“ ”。 5.⑧may ⑦might 表示 ,意为“ ”。 6.⑩must have dne⑪culd have dne⑫might have dne表示对过去所做事的 。 7.⑬ ⑭ ⑮ 表示对过去所做事(没做的事)责备、后悔。
shuld have dne
culd have dne
needn’t have dne
2.虚拟语气My deskmate,Mary,treats me as if she were①my sister.She is nice but fat. If she were nt s fat,she wuld lk② like a super mdel.Last year,a dctr advised that she (shuld) eat③mre vegetables and fruits.He als made a suggestin that she (shuld) wrk ut④ regularly.Besides,he insisted that she (shuld) walk⑤ t schl.If she had fllwed the dctr’s advice,she wuld nt be⑥s fat nw.In ther wrds,if the dctr had persuaded her t d s,she wuld nt have becme⑦verweight.
This mrning,Mary’s mther bught her a new dress.It was really nice. But after she tried it n,she culdn’t help shuting,“If nly I were⑧a little thinner! Hw I wish I hadn’t eaten⑨ s much junk fd befre!” Were I Mary,I wuld make⑩a weight lss plan.If I became verweight in the future,I wuld d⑪ sprts every day.Nw it is high time that she changed⑫her lifestyle.Withut a healthy lifestyle,she wuldn’t be⑬ able t lse weight.I wuld rather she went⑭swimming with me,but she insists that water sprts are⑮nt suitable fr her.S it is necessary that she (shuld) walk⑯t schl.
1.根据句①可知,as if引导方式状语从句,与现在事实相反时,从句谓语动词用过去式,be动词一律用 。
2.(1)根据句②可知,表示与现在事实相反的假设,if从句的谓语动词用过去式(be动词一律用were),主句的谓语用 。 (2)根据句⑦可知,表示与过去事实相反的假设,if从句的谓语动词用 ,主句的谓语用wuld have+过去分词。 (3)根据句⑪可知,表示与将来事实相反的假设,if从句的谓语动词用 ,主句的谓语用wuld+动词原形。 (4)句⑥为错综时间条件句,本句的虚拟条件句与 相反,主句与 相反。 (5)根据句⑩可知当省略if时,需要将 ,shuld,had提到主语前,即部分倒装。 (6)根据句⑬可知本句为 引起的含蓄条件句,可转换为if从句。
3.(1)根据句③句⑤可知,在advise,insist(坚决主张)等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用“ ”。 (2)根据句⑮可知,insist意为“ ”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。 (3)根据句⑨可知,wish后的宾语从句表示过去的情况时,从句谓语用 。 (4)根据句⑭可知,wuld rather后的宾语从句中,谓语常用 来表示现在或将来的情况。 4.根据句④可知,suggestin后的同位语从句中,从句用“ ”。
(shuld+)动词原形
5.根据句⑯可知,在“It is+necessary+that...”句型中,谓语动词用“ ”。 6.根据句⑧可知,if nly引导的感叹句中,用虚拟语气表示愿望。与现在事实相反时,谓语动词用过去式,be动词一律用 。 7.根据句⑫可知,在“It is high time+that从句”中,谓语动词常用 表示虚拟语气。
考点1 情态动词一、情态动词的5个基本用法(一)表示能力1.表示现在的能力:can,am/is/are able t。2.表示将来的能力:will be able t。3.表示过去的能力:culd表示过去的能力,不表示是否成功地做了;was/were able t表示过去有能力做而且成功地做了。I’m ging t Eurpe n vacatin tgether with Jhn if I can have enugh mney.如果我有足够的钱,我将和约翰一起去欧洲度假。
(二)表示可能和推测1.表示肯定:can表示客观上的可能,意为“有时会”;may/might/culd表示可能;must表示一定;shuld/ught t表示应该。2.表示否定:can’t/culdn’t表示不可能;may nt/might nt表示可能不;shuldn’t/ughtn’t t表示应该不会。3.表示疑问:can/culd表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度。It is usually warm in my hmetwn in March,but it can be rather cld smetimes.在我的家乡,三月份通常很暖和,但有时也会很冷。
(三)表示提出请求、建议、发出指示、许可、禁止、义务、责任1.请求对方允许时用May/Can/Culd 主动提出帮忙或提出建议时用Shall 提出请求、问题、看法时用Will/Wuld 或Shall t表示义务或建议,意为“应该”,shuldn’t/ughtn’t t表示不应该。5.may/can表示允许、许可。6.must表示必须,mustn’t表示禁止。7.shall与第二、三人称连用,用于陈述句,表示命令、警告、允诺、威胁;当宣布法律、规定时也常用shall。One f ur rules is that every student shall wear schl unifrm while at schl.(规定)我们的其中一项规定是每位学生在校期间必须穿校服。
(四)表示必要性1.must d sth表示主观上认为“必须做某事”;have t d sth表示因客观环境或事态促使而“不得不做某事”。2.needn’t/dn’t have t表示“不必”。Yu needn’t get the machine repaired this week.I wn’t need it until next mnth.这周你不必请人修理机器,我到下个月才用。
(五)表示愿望、决心will/wuld可与各种人称连用,表示主语的意志或决心。will表示意愿时其否定形式为wn’t,通常用于有生命体,但有时也用于无生命体,这时把无生命体拟人化了。—Why hasn’t the ck arrived yet tday?—She just wn’t cme fr such a lw salary.——为什么今天厨师还没来?——这么低的薪水她不愿意来了。
小题快练 单句写作1.安吉拉与西蒙进行了辩论,试图说服他改变主意,但西蒙不愿意听。Angela reasned with Simn,trying t persuade him t change his mind,but Simn . 2.你不必道歉;任何人都可能迟到。过来坐下。Yu ;it can happen t anybdy t be late.Cme and sit dwn. 3.如果您能考虑我的建议,我将不胜感激。I if yu culd cnsider my suggestin.
wuld nt listen t her
dn’t have t aplgize
wuld appreciate it
4.在这种情况下,如果说有什么话题最需要避免,那一定就是大家的收入。Under the circumstances,if there is any tpic that mst needs aviding,it . 5.我奶奶已经七十多岁了,但她仍然可以不戴眼镜看书。My grandma is ver seventy,but .
must be peple’s incme
she can still read withut glasses
二、情态动词的6种特殊用法1.can/culd的否定式与比较级连用表示最高级。2.can/culd的否定式与enugh或t(much)连用表示“再……也不为过”。3.must可表示“偏要,硬要”,常用于疑问句或条件状语从句。4.may/might as well表示“最好;不妨”。5.wuld可表示过去的习惯,与used t相比,前者常表示过去反复的动作,后者常表示过去的状态或习惯现在已不复存在。
6.shuld有时表示说话人对某事感到意外、惊奇,意为“竟然会”。I can’t thank him t much.我再怎么感谢他也不为过。—Must yu interrupt nw?Can’t yu see I’m n the phne?—Srry,sir,but it’s urgent.——你非得现在打断我吗?你没看见我在打电话吗?——对不起,先生,我有急事。If yu think the price f beef is t high,yu may as well buy sme prk.It’s up t yu.如果你认为牛肉的价格太高,你不妨买些猪肉。这取决于你。He wuld get up early when he was in the cuntry.他住在乡下时常常早起。
小题快练 单句写作1.做实验时你越仔细越好。Yu when ding experiments. 2.就我个人而言,你最好抓住这个机会,否则一旦错过就再也不会得到另外一个机会了。(seize)Persnally I think yu ,r yu’ll prbably never get anther nce yu miss it. 3.我们很惊讶,他对实验结果的预测竟然如此准确。(precise)We are surprised that his predictin abut the experiment result .
can nt be t careful
may as well seize the chance
shuld be s precise
三、“情态动词+have dne”的2类用法(一)对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测
(二)表示“与过去事实相反”
We culd have faced the difficulty tgether,but why didn’t yu tell me?我们本来可以一起面对困难,但是你为什么不告诉我?Mark needn’t have hurried.Driving at tp speed,he arrived half an hur early.马克本不必着急。他开得飞快,早到了半小时。
小题快练 单句语法填空1.Yur cusin have enjyed his trip in Jixian Cunty,didn’t he?He lks amazingly different. 2.The spkesman did nt regret what he had said at the cnference but felt that he culd (express) it indirectly. 3.This have been an imprvement,but “breakthrugh” was an verstatement. 4.I’m nt feeling well in the stmach.I shuldn’t (eat) s much fried chicken just nw. 5.Yu ught t (cme) t the party yesterday,but why didn’t yu cme?
have expressed
考点2 虚拟语气一、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用
If he had time nw,he wuld/shuld/culd/might g with yu.要是他现在有时间,他会和你一起去的。(与现在事实相反)If yu had cme a few minutes earlier,yu wuld/shuld/culd/might have met the famus singer.如果你早来几分钟,你就会见到那个著名歌手了。(与过去事实相反)If it were t snw/shuld snw/snwed this evening,they wuld/shuld/culd/might nt g ut.如果今天晚上下雪,他们就不会出去。(与将来事实相反)
[名师点津]三种特殊的虚拟条件从句(1)省略if的虚拟语气在if虚拟条件句中,若省略if,则将shuld,were,had前置,构成主谓倒装句式。Had I wrked harder,I wuld have succeeded.如果我当时努力学习的话,我就会成功的。(2)错综时间条件句主、从句表示时间不一致时,主句和从句的时态根据实际的时间概念来定。If she had fllwed the dctr’s wrds,she wuld feel better nw.如果当初她听从了医生的建议,现在就会好多了。
(3)含蓄条件句有时假设条件不通过条件从句表达,而是隐含在某些短语、连接词中,如withut...,but fr,therwise,r等。Withut music (=If there were n music),the wrld wuld be dull.世界若无音乐将会很枯燥。
二、虚拟语气在名词性从句以及其他句式中的应用1.主语从句中的虚拟语气在“It is+imprtant/necessary/natural/strange/essential/vital/a pity +that...”句型中,谓语动词用(shuld+)动词原形。It’s vital that we (shuld) take ur safety driving alng the rad seriusly.重要的是我们应该认真对待我们在路上的安全驾驶。
2.宾语从句中的虚拟语气(1)动词wish后的宾语从句。表示现在的情况,从句谓语用过去式;表示过去的情况,从句谓语用过去完成时;表示将来的情况,从句谓语用“wuld/shuld/culd/might+动词原形”。I wish I were ten years yunger nw.我希望我现在年轻十岁。I wish I had met him yesterday.我昨天能遇到他就好了。I wish I wuld be a scientist in the future.我希望将来成为科学家。
(2)在表示请求、建议、命令、要求等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语用“shuld+动词原形”,shuld可省略。这类动词有suggest,recmmend,insist,rder,require,advise,demand,cmmand,ask,request,prpse等。He suggested that we (shuld) be there in time.他建议我们及时到那儿。[名师点津]①suggest意为“表明,暗示”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。②insist意为“坚持说”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。The man insisted that he had never stlen mney.这人坚持说他没有偷钱。
(3)在wuld rather后的宾语从句中,谓语常用过去式来表示现在或将来的情况,用过去完成式表示过去的情况。I wuld rather yu tld me the truth.我宁愿你跟我讲真话。I wuld rather yu had been present then.我倒愿意你当时在场。
3.表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气(1)在 suggestin,prpsal,rder,plan,idea,request,advice 等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。谓语动词构成是“(shuld+)动词原形”。He gave rders that the guests (shuld) be hspitably entertained.他命令要热情款待客人。(2)as if,as thugh引导的表语从句和方式状语从句常用虚拟语气,与现在事实相反用一般过去时;与过去事实相反用过去完成时。She lks as if nthing had happened t her.她看起来好像什么事情都没有发生过一样。[名师点津]如果从句中描述的事情可能会发生,那么从句可用陈述语气。
4.固定句式中的虚拟语气(1)在“It is (abut/high) time+that从句”中,谓语动词常用过去式表示虚拟语气。It’s high time that we devted urselves t envirnmental prtectin.是我们致力于环境保护的时候了。(2)if nly引导的感叹句中,用虚拟语气表示愿望。Lk at the truble we’re in.If nly we had taken ur teacher’s advice!看看我们所处的困境,要是我们接受老师的建议就好了!
小题快练 单句语法填空1.I was busy finishing my paper that day.Otherwise I (g) there with them. 2.If he (listen) t the teacher attentively yesterday,he wuld knw the answer t the prblem nw. 3.Had yu studied harder at cllege,yu (get) a better jb nw. 4.Hw I wish I (nt,try) t repair the cellphne! I nly made it wrse.
wuld have gne
had listened
wuld/culd get
hadn’t tried
5.My suggestin is that mre peple frm all walks f life (encurage) t finance the prject with their deeper lve fr these children. 6.Sme animals are in danger f dying ut,s it is high time that the gvernment (take) sme measures t prtect endangered animals.
(shuld) be encuraged
【例1】 Yu never be t careful while driving.Yu knw, many traffic accidents result frm carelessness. 分析:结合第一条注意可知,句中be为原形,因此需考虑用情态动词。cannt/can “无论……也不过分”,为固定短语。【例2】 He telephned t infrm me f yur birthday,r I (knw) nthing abut it. 分析:结合第二条注意可知,句中r为标志词,此处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,故应用wuld have knwn。
wuld have knwn
Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2024广东六校模拟) The inscriptin(碑文)recrded the prcess f building the King f Medicine Temple in the cunty during the reign f Emperr Kangxi and (describe) the grand ccasins f temple fairs and humanistic stries at that time. 2.(2024湖南长沙一中模拟) China’s mdernizatin prcess ver the past fur decades (create) a new cntext where there is a partnership between the ancient and mdern,generating smething new and genuine. 3.(2024山西吕梁模拟) The 2023 Chinese Language Day (celebrate) under the theme f “Chinese Wisdm fr a Green Wrld” by the UN.
has created
was celebrated
4.(2024广东湛江模拟)The bk,Chinese Spirit in Mvies:The Cinematic Tales Tld t Children, (prepare) and written ver a perid f three years,accrding t Huang Huilin,an experienced prfessr at the university wh acted as the chief editr f the bk. 5.(2024黑龙江齐齐哈尔模拟)In 2016,tw villagers (bite) by wild pigs in Qianshan,Anhui Prvince. 6.(2024吉林长春东北师大附中模拟)Behind Zib’s sudden fame (be) the effrts and services f the lcal gvernment,as well as a gd reputatin f lcal businesses,which receive favrable reviews frm visitrs wh share their experiences nline.
had been prepared/was prepared
were bitten
7.(2024河南焦作模拟) In 2010,Pinnick mved all the way t Wudang frm the US when he was just 20 years ld and (frm) a deep cnnectin with Wudang,martial arts and traditinal Chinese culture ever since.8.(2024湖南长沙一中模拟)This new technlgy (be) as imprtant then as the Internet is tday fr spreading knwledge and cmmunicatin. 9.The suggestin that the new rule (develp) came frm the chairman. 10.It is high time that yu (cnsider) that if there were n stress in yur life,yu wuld achieve a little.
(shuld) be develped
Ⅱ.语法与写作1.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷,读后续写)第二天,我在颁奖典礼上被授予了奖项和证书。(一般过去时的被动语态)2.(2023全国乙卷,书面表达)我感到很自豪,我和我的父母分担了家务,这也表明我长大了。(过去完成时)3.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷,应用文写作) 万一可能的话,我真的希望你能考虑一下我的建议。(虚拟语气)
The next day,I was presented with my award and a certificate at the ceremny.I felt s prud that I shared husewrk with my parents,which als shwed I had grwn up.Shuld it be pssible/If it shuld be pssible,I truly hpe yu can take my suggestins int cnsideratin.
4.(2022新高考全国Ⅰ卷,应用文写作) 对你的面试定在周日上午9点,希望你谈谈如何提高中国学生的英语沟通能力。(一般现在时的被动语态)5.(2021全国乙卷,应用文写作)《青年》成立于10年前,一直深受学生欢迎。(现在完成进行时)
The interview with yu is scheduled at 9 n Sunday mrning and yu are expected t talk abut hw t imprve the Chinese students’ cmmunicatin skills in English.Funded 10 years ag,Yuth has been enjying great ppularity amng students.
Ⅲ.语法填空(谓语动词专练)My best friend Kaiya is like me.She 1. (remind) me f myself.In the past,I 2. (be) never cnfident because f my appearance.Peple always laughed at my weight,my height,my hairstyle,etc.At that time,I was the shrtest student in my class.I started getting depressed.Hwever,smene tld me smething that I will always remember. It was in March.Surrunded by a grup f girls wh 3. (pint) at me and laughed at me,I culdn’t help crying.The tears rlled dwn my face like a rushing river.T my surprise,smene lifted my head up and wiped the tears frm my eyes.
I then knew it was ur English teacher,Miss Li.She said.“Yu 4. (be) perfect the way yu are.Yu shuld never change r hate yurself.Peple 5. (accept) yu fr wh yu 6. (be).But if yu cannt accept yurself,then hw will ther peple accept yu?” I 7. (inspire) by her wrds.Over the past few mnths,I 8. (learn) that n ne is perfect and that we all have flaws. Nw I have wnderful friends wh 9. (lve) me fr wh I am. Nw,seeing Kaiya cry,I decide t tell her the same thing Miss Li 10. (tell) me.
will accept
was inspired
have learned/learnt
解析 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己的经历告诉自己的朋友Kaiya:做人要自信,要相信自己。1.reminds 根据第一句的时态可推知本空应该用一般现在时,又因为主语为第三人称单数,故答案为 reminds。2.was 根据语境中的In the past 可知设空处用一般过去时,故答案为 was。3.pinted 根据后面的laughed 可知设空处为 pinted。4.are 本句为直接引语,故用一般现在时。5.will accept 结合下文的“then hw will ther peple accept yu”可知答案为 will accept。6.are 由上下文语境可知应填are。
1.情态动词Lucy is an utging lady.She can①play many kinds f musical instruments.Actually,she culd② play the pian when she was 8 years ld. Lucy als keeps taking exercise every day.She says that she has t③ d sme sprts because she must④ keep slim.“Yu shall⑤ get fat sn if yu dn’t take exercise every day.” She usually says t her friends.As fr her,an elegant lady shuld⑥try t keep fit.Hwever,last week,she fund that she might⑦ put n weight and she was wrried and decided t lse weight.And these days she is always thinking that she may⑧ succeed sn if she tries all her best.Hwever,she is always lacking in time because she ught t⑨ take care f her children.
One night after supper,she walked quickly in rder t g dancing at the Tmrrw Park but she was late.On her way,she thught that the dancing must have begun⑩,and the cach culd have taught r shwn⑪ many new mves. She was afraid that her friends might have left⑫ befre she gt there.She was regretful then.She shuld have had⑬ supper earlier,r she culd have taken⑭ a taxi,and indeed she needn’t have taken⑮ a bath in advance.When she reached the park finally,she fund nbdy was there.She remembered suddenly that it had been reprted n the radi that there wuld be a heavy rain that night.
1.①can和句②culd表 ,意为“ ”。 2.③have t 表示“ ”。强调 。④must表 ,强调说话者的 。 3.⑤shall用于第 人称,表示说话人给对方 。 4.⑥shuld ⑨ught t表示“ ”。 5.⑧may ⑦might 表示 ,意为“ ”。 6.⑩must have dne⑪culd have dne⑫might have dne表示对过去所做事的 。 7.⑬ ⑭ ⑮ 表示对过去所做事(没做的事)责备、后悔。
shuld have dne
culd have dne
needn’t have dne
2.虚拟语气My deskmate,Mary,treats me as if she were①my sister.She is nice but fat. If she were nt s fat,she wuld lk② like a super mdel.Last year,a dctr advised that she (shuld) eat③mre vegetables and fruits.He als made a suggestin that she (shuld) wrk ut④ regularly.Besides,he insisted that she (shuld) walk⑤ t schl.If she had fllwed the dctr’s advice,she wuld nt be⑥s fat nw.In ther wrds,if the dctr had persuaded her t d s,she wuld nt have becme⑦verweight.
This mrning,Mary’s mther bught her a new dress.It was really nice. But after she tried it n,she culdn’t help shuting,“If nly I were⑧a little thinner! Hw I wish I hadn’t eaten⑨ s much junk fd befre!” Were I Mary,I wuld make⑩a weight lss plan.If I became verweight in the future,I wuld d⑪ sprts every day.Nw it is high time that she changed⑫her lifestyle.Withut a healthy lifestyle,she wuldn’t be⑬ able t lse weight.I wuld rather she went⑭swimming with me,but she insists that water sprts are⑮nt suitable fr her.S it is necessary that she (shuld) walk⑯t schl.
1.根据句①可知,as if引导方式状语从句,与现在事实相反时,从句谓语动词用过去式,be动词一律用 。
2.(1)根据句②可知,表示与现在事实相反的假设,if从句的谓语动词用过去式(be动词一律用were),主句的谓语用 。 (2)根据句⑦可知,表示与过去事实相反的假设,if从句的谓语动词用 ,主句的谓语用wuld have+过去分词。 (3)根据句⑪可知,表示与将来事实相反的假设,if从句的谓语动词用 ,主句的谓语用wuld+动词原形。 (4)句⑥为错综时间条件句,本句的虚拟条件句与 相反,主句与 相反。 (5)根据句⑩可知当省略if时,需要将 ,shuld,had提到主语前,即部分倒装。 (6)根据句⑬可知本句为 引起的含蓄条件句,可转换为if从句。
3.(1)根据句③句⑤可知,在advise,insist(坚决主张)等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用“ ”。 (2)根据句⑮可知,insist意为“ ”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。 (3)根据句⑨可知,wish后的宾语从句表示过去的情况时,从句谓语用 。 (4)根据句⑭可知,wuld rather后的宾语从句中,谓语常用 来表示现在或将来的情况。 4.根据句④可知,suggestin后的同位语从句中,从句用“ ”。
(shuld+)动词原形
5.根据句⑯可知,在“It is+necessary+that...”句型中,谓语动词用“ ”。 6.根据句⑧可知,if nly引导的感叹句中,用虚拟语气表示愿望。与现在事实相反时,谓语动词用过去式,be动词一律用 。 7.根据句⑫可知,在“It is high time+that从句”中,谓语动词常用 表示虚拟语气。
考点1 情态动词一、情态动词的5个基本用法(一)表示能力1.表示现在的能力:can,am/is/are able t。2.表示将来的能力:will be able t。3.表示过去的能力:culd表示过去的能力,不表示是否成功地做了;was/were able t表示过去有能力做而且成功地做了。I’m ging t Eurpe n vacatin tgether with Jhn if I can have enugh mney.如果我有足够的钱,我将和约翰一起去欧洲度假。
(二)表示可能和推测1.表示肯定:can表示客观上的可能,意为“有时会”;may/might/culd表示可能;must表示一定;shuld/ught t表示应该。2.表示否定:can’t/culdn’t表示不可能;may nt/might nt表示可能不;shuldn’t/ughtn’t t表示应该不会。3.表示疑问:can/culd表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度。It is usually warm in my hmetwn in March,but it can be rather cld smetimes.在我的家乡,三月份通常很暖和,但有时也会很冷。
(三)表示提出请求、建议、发出指示、许可、禁止、义务、责任1.请求对方允许时用May/Can/Culd 主动提出帮忙或提出建议时用Shall 提出请求、问题、看法时用Will/Wuld 或Shall t表示义务或建议,意为“应该”,shuldn’t/ughtn’t t表示不应该。5.may/can表示允许、许可。6.must表示必须,mustn’t表示禁止。7.shall与第二、三人称连用,用于陈述句,表示命令、警告、允诺、威胁;当宣布法律、规定时也常用shall。One f ur rules is that every student shall wear schl unifrm while at schl.(规定)我们的其中一项规定是每位学生在校期间必须穿校服。
(四)表示必要性1.must d sth表示主观上认为“必须做某事”;have t d sth表示因客观环境或事态促使而“不得不做某事”。2.needn’t/dn’t have t表示“不必”。Yu needn’t get the machine repaired this week.I wn’t need it until next mnth.这周你不必请人修理机器,我到下个月才用。
(五)表示愿望、决心will/wuld可与各种人称连用,表示主语的意志或决心。will表示意愿时其否定形式为wn’t,通常用于有生命体,但有时也用于无生命体,这时把无生命体拟人化了。—Why hasn’t the ck arrived yet tday?—She just wn’t cme fr such a lw salary.——为什么今天厨师还没来?——这么低的薪水她不愿意来了。
小题快练 单句写作1.安吉拉与西蒙进行了辩论,试图说服他改变主意,但西蒙不愿意听。Angela reasned with Simn,trying t persuade him t change his mind,but Simn . 2.你不必道歉;任何人都可能迟到。过来坐下。Yu ;it can happen t anybdy t be late.Cme and sit dwn. 3.如果您能考虑我的建议,我将不胜感激。I if yu culd cnsider my suggestin.
wuld nt listen t her
dn’t have t aplgize
wuld appreciate it
4.在这种情况下,如果说有什么话题最需要避免,那一定就是大家的收入。Under the circumstances,if there is any tpic that mst needs aviding,it . 5.我奶奶已经七十多岁了,但她仍然可以不戴眼镜看书。My grandma is ver seventy,but .
must be peple’s incme
she can still read withut glasses
二、情态动词的6种特殊用法1.can/culd的否定式与比较级连用表示最高级。2.can/culd的否定式与enugh或t(much)连用表示“再……也不为过”。3.must可表示“偏要,硬要”,常用于疑问句或条件状语从句。4.may/might as well表示“最好;不妨”。5.wuld可表示过去的习惯,与used t相比,前者常表示过去反复的动作,后者常表示过去的状态或习惯现在已不复存在。
6.shuld有时表示说话人对某事感到意外、惊奇,意为“竟然会”。I can’t thank him t much.我再怎么感谢他也不为过。—Must yu interrupt nw?Can’t yu see I’m n the phne?—Srry,sir,but it’s urgent.——你非得现在打断我吗?你没看见我在打电话吗?——对不起,先生,我有急事。If yu think the price f beef is t high,yu may as well buy sme prk.It’s up t yu.如果你认为牛肉的价格太高,你不妨买些猪肉。这取决于你。He wuld get up early when he was in the cuntry.他住在乡下时常常早起。
小题快练 单句写作1.做实验时你越仔细越好。Yu when ding experiments. 2.就我个人而言,你最好抓住这个机会,否则一旦错过就再也不会得到另外一个机会了。(seize)Persnally I think yu ,r yu’ll prbably never get anther nce yu miss it. 3.我们很惊讶,他对实验结果的预测竟然如此准确。(precise)We are surprised that his predictin abut the experiment result .
can nt be t careful
may as well seize the chance
shuld be s precise
三、“情态动词+have dne”的2类用法(一)对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测
(二)表示“与过去事实相反”
We culd have faced the difficulty tgether,but why didn’t yu tell me?我们本来可以一起面对困难,但是你为什么不告诉我?Mark needn’t have hurried.Driving at tp speed,he arrived half an hur early.马克本不必着急。他开得飞快,早到了半小时。
小题快练 单句语法填空1.Yur cusin have enjyed his trip in Jixian Cunty,didn’t he?He lks amazingly different. 2.The spkesman did nt regret what he had said at the cnference but felt that he culd (express) it indirectly. 3.This have been an imprvement,but “breakthrugh” was an verstatement. 4.I’m nt feeling well in the stmach.I shuldn’t (eat) s much fried chicken just nw. 5.Yu ught t (cme) t the party yesterday,but why didn’t yu cme?
have expressed
考点2 虚拟语气一、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用
If he had time nw,he wuld/shuld/culd/might g with yu.要是他现在有时间,他会和你一起去的。(与现在事实相反)If yu had cme a few minutes earlier,yu wuld/shuld/culd/might have met the famus singer.如果你早来几分钟,你就会见到那个著名歌手了。(与过去事实相反)If it were t snw/shuld snw/snwed this evening,they wuld/shuld/culd/might nt g ut.如果今天晚上下雪,他们就不会出去。(与将来事实相反)
[名师点津]三种特殊的虚拟条件从句(1)省略if的虚拟语气在if虚拟条件句中,若省略if,则将shuld,were,had前置,构成主谓倒装句式。Had I wrked harder,I wuld have succeeded.如果我当时努力学习的话,我就会成功的。(2)错综时间条件句主、从句表示时间不一致时,主句和从句的时态根据实际的时间概念来定。If she had fllwed the dctr’s wrds,she wuld feel better nw.如果当初她听从了医生的建议,现在就会好多了。
(3)含蓄条件句有时假设条件不通过条件从句表达,而是隐含在某些短语、连接词中,如withut...,but fr,therwise,r等。Withut music (=If there were n music),the wrld wuld be dull.世界若无音乐将会很枯燥。
二、虚拟语气在名词性从句以及其他句式中的应用1.主语从句中的虚拟语气在“It is+imprtant/necessary/natural/strange/essential/vital/a pity +that...”句型中,谓语动词用(shuld+)动词原形。It’s vital that we (shuld) take ur safety driving alng the rad seriusly.重要的是我们应该认真对待我们在路上的安全驾驶。
2.宾语从句中的虚拟语气(1)动词wish后的宾语从句。表示现在的情况,从句谓语用过去式;表示过去的情况,从句谓语用过去完成时;表示将来的情况,从句谓语用“wuld/shuld/culd/might+动词原形”。I wish I were ten years yunger nw.我希望我现在年轻十岁。I wish I had met him yesterday.我昨天能遇到他就好了。I wish I wuld be a scientist in the future.我希望将来成为科学家。
(2)在表示请求、建议、命令、要求等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语用“shuld+动词原形”,shuld可省略。这类动词有suggest,recmmend,insist,rder,require,advise,demand,cmmand,ask,request,prpse等。He suggested that we (shuld) be there in time.他建议我们及时到那儿。[名师点津]①suggest意为“表明,暗示”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。②insist意为“坚持说”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。The man insisted that he had never stlen mney.这人坚持说他没有偷钱。
(3)在wuld rather后的宾语从句中,谓语常用过去式来表示现在或将来的情况,用过去完成式表示过去的情况。I wuld rather yu tld me the truth.我宁愿你跟我讲真话。I wuld rather yu had been present then.我倒愿意你当时在场。
3.表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气(1)在 suggestin,prpsal,rder,plan,idea,request,advice 等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。谓语动词构成是“(shuld+)动词原形”。He gave rders that the guests (shuld) be hspitably entertained.他命令要热情款待客人。(2)as if,as thugh引导的表语从句和方式状语从句常用虚拟语气,与现在事实相反用一般过去时;与过去事实相反用过去完成时。She lks as if nthing had happened t her.她看起来好像什么事情都没有发生过一样。[名师点津]如果从句中描述的事情可能会发生,那么从句可用陈述语气。
4.固定句式中的虚拟语气(1)在“It is (abut/high) time+that从句”中,谓语动词常用过去式表示虚拟语气。It’s high time that we devted urselves t envirnmental prtectin.是我们致力于环境保护的时候了。(2)if nly引导的感叹句中,用虚拟语气表示愿望。Lk at the truble we’re in.If nly we had taken ur teacher’s advice!看看我们所处的困境,要是我们接受老师的建议就好了!
小题快练 单句语法填空1.I was busy finishing my paper that day.Otherwise I (g) there with them. 2.If he (listen) t the teacher attentively yesterday,he wuld knw the answer t the prblem nw. 3.Had yu studied harder at cllege,yu (get) a better jb nw. 4.Hw I wish I (nt,try) t repair the cellphne! I nly made it wrse.
wuld have gne
had listened
wuld/culd get
hadn’t tried
5.My suggestin is that mre peple frm all walks f life (encurage) t finance the prject with their deeper lve fr these children. 6.Sme animals are in danger f dying ut,s it is high time that the gvernment (take) sme measures t prtect endangered animals.
(shuld) be encuraged
【例1】 Yu never be t careful while driving.Yu knw, many traffic accidents result frm carelessness. 分析:结合第一条注意可知,句中be为原形,因此需考虑用情态动词。cannt/can “无论……也不过分”,为固定短语。【例2】 He telephned t infrm me f yur birthday,r I (knw) nthing abut it. 分析:结合第二条注意可知,句中r为标志词,此处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,故应用wuld have knwn。
wuld have knwn
Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2024广东六校模拟) The inscriptin(碑文)recrded the prcess f building the King f Medicine Temple in the cunty during the reign f Emperr Kangxi and (describe) the grand ccasins f temple fairs and humanistic stries at that time. 2.(2024湖南长沙一中模拟) China’s mdernizatin prcess ver the past fur decades (create) a new cntext where there is a partnership between the ancient and mdern,generating smething new and genuine. 3.(2024山西吕梁模拟) The 2023 Chinese Language Day (celebrate) under the theme f “Chinese Wisdm fr a Green Wrld” by the UN.
has created
was celebrated
4.(2024广东湛江模拟)The bk,Chinese Spirit in Mvies:The Cinematic Tales Tld t Children, (prepare) and written ver a perid f three years,accrding t Huang Huilin,an experienced prfessr at the university wh acted as the chief editr f the bk. 5.(2024黑龙江齐齐哈尔模拟)In 2016,tw villagers (bite) by wild pigs in Qianshan,Anhui Prvince. 6.(2024吉林长春东北师大附中模拟)Behind Zib’s sudden fame (be) the effrts and services f the lcal gvernment,as well as a gd reputatin f lcal businesses,which receive favrable reviews frm visitrs wh share their experiences nline.
had been prepared/was prepared
were bitten
7.(2024河南焦作模拟) In 2010,Pinnick mved all the way t Wudang frm the US when he was just 20 years ld and (frm) a deep cnnectin with Wudang,martial arts and traditinal Chinese culture ever since.8.(2024湖南长沙一中模拟)This new technlgy (be) as imprtant then as the Internet is tday fr spreading knwledge and cmmunicatin. 9.The suggestin that the new rule (develp) came frm the chairman. 10.It is high time that yu (cnsider) that if there were n stress in yur life,yu wuld achieve a little.
(shuld) be develped
Ⅱ.语法与写作1.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷,读后续写)第二天,我在颁奖典礼上被授予了奖项和证书。(一般过去时的被动语态)2.(2023全国乙卷,书面表达)我感到很自豪,我和我的父母分担了家务,这也表明我长大了。(过去完成时)3.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷,应用文写作) 万一可能的话,我真的希望你能考虑一下我的建议。(虚拟语气)
The next day,I was presented with my award and a certificate at the ceremny.I felt s prud that I shared husewrk with my parents,which als shwed I had grwn up.Shuld it be pssible/If it shuld be pssible,I truly hpe yu can take my suggestins int cnsideratin.
4.(2022新高考全国Ⅰ卷,应用文写作) 对你的面试定在周日上午9点,希望你谈谈如何提高中国学生的英语沟通能力。(一般现在时的被动语态)5.(2021全国乙卷,应用文写作)《青年》成立于10年前,一直深受学生欢迎。(现在完成进行时)
The interview with yu is scheduled at 9 n Sunday mrning and yu are expected t talk abut hw t imprve the Chinese students’ cmmunicatin skills in English.Funded 10 years ag,Yuth has been enjying great ppularity amng students.
Ⅲ.语法填空(谓语动词专练)My best friend Kaiya is like me.She 1. (remind) me f myself.In the past,I 2. (be) never cnfident because f my appearance.Peple always laughed at my weight,my height,my hairstyle,etc.At that time,I was the shrtest student in my class.I started getting depressed.Hwever,smene tld me smething that I will always remember. It was in March.Surrunded by a grup f girls wh 3. (pint) at me and laughed at me,I culdn’t help crying.The tears rlled dwn my face like a rushing river.T my surprise,smene lifted my head up and wiped the tears frm my eyes.
I then knew it was ur English teacher,Miss Li.She said.“Yu 4. (be) perfect the way yu are.Yu shuld never change r hate yurself.Peple 5. (accept) yu fr wh yu 6. (be).But if yu cannt accept yurself,then hw will ther peple accept yu?” I 7. (inspire) by her wrds.Over the past few mnths,I 8. (learn) that n ne is perfect and that we all have flaws. Nw I have wnderful friends wh 9. (lve) me fr wh I am. Nw,seeing Kaiya cry,I decide t tell her the same thing Miss Li 10. (tell) me.
will accept
was inspired
have learned/learnt
解析 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己的经历告诉自己的朋友Kaiya:做人要自信,要相信自己。1.reminds 根据第一句的时态可推知本空应该用一般现在时,又因为主语为第三人称单数,故答案为 reminds。2.was 根据语境中的In the past 可知设空处用一般过去时,故答案为 was。3.pinted 根据后面的laughed 可知设空处为 pinted。4.are 本句为直接引语,故用一般现在时。5.will accept 结合下文的“then hw will ther peple accept yu”可知答案为 will accept。6.are 由上下文语境可知应填are。
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