2025版高考英语一轮总复习语法专题突破专题3第2讲定语从句课件

这是一份2025版高考英语一轮总复习语法专题突破专题3第2讲定语从句课件，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了thatwhich，who，which，whose，when，where，why，for，whichthat，that等内容，欢迎下载使用。

考点突破 · 精讲即练
考点一　关系代词的用法一、关系代词that与which的用法1．只用that的情况(1)当先行词为all，everything, anything, nthing, little, much, few等不定代词时；(2)当先行词被all，sme，every，any，n，little，much，few等修饰时；
(3)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰，或先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级时；(4)先行词被the nly, the very (正是；恰是), the same, the last等修饰时；(5)先行词中既有人也有物时；(6)在which、wh或what引导的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句时；
(7)先行词是the way，并在定语从句中充当状语时，关系代词用that/in which或省略关系词。This is the very film that I want t see.这正是我想看的一部影片。The famus writer and his bk that yu referred t just nw are well-knwn nw.你刚才提到的那位著名作家和他的书现在非常有名。
2．只用which的情况(1)引导非限制性定语从句时；(2)关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时；(3)当先行词本身为that时。The result was nt the same as they had expected, which was rather disappinting.结果与当初预料的不一样，这让人觉得很失望。
二、which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别
She married again, which was unexpected.她再婚了，这是始料不及的。She married again, as we expected.正如我们预料的那样，她再婚了。
三、其他关系代词的用法辨析
Each graduate standing n the playgrund, wh was accmpanied by a parent, wuld be awarded a diplma by the headmaster.每个毕业生都由父亲或母亲陪伴着站在操场上，等待校长给他们颁发毕业证书。My daughter, whse jb requires her t d a lt f travelling, is always away frm hme.我的女儿总不在家，她的工作需要经常出差。
即时演练(一)单句语法填空1．I'm grateful that the assistant respnded in a way ____________ made me rethink the pwer f my wrds.2．The wman said that her husband had died sme mnths befre and that she didn't have anyne else in her family _____ culd help her.3．First, we went t Munt Tai, _______ is a very famus turist spt in China.
4．The air quality in the city, ____ is shwn in the reprt, has imprved ver the past tw years.5．This stry abut self-respect and self-lve, _______ characters are Chinese, is set in Eurpe.
考点二　关系副词的用法关系副词指代的先行词及其作用
We live in an age when mre infrmatin is available with great ease than ever befre.我们生活在一个比以往任何时候都更容易获得更多信息的时代。Ancient China was a place where states were ften at war with each ther.古代的中国是各诸侯国之间经常发生战争的地方。Can yu tell me the reasn why (＝fr which) yu are late again?你能告诉我你又迟到的原因吗？
【点津】(1)先行词为抽象名词pint，psitin，situatin, stage, state, case, scene 等后也常用where引导定语从句。He said if we really gt t the pint where we needed t use life jackets, he wuld have already died f terrr.他说如果我们真到了需要用救生衣的地步，他早就吓死了。(2)表时间和表地点的名词以及reasn作先行词时，若引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，定语从句要用that或which引导。The bss desn't want t hear any reasn (that/which) yu give.老板不想听你所给的任何理由。
即时演练(二)单句语法填空1．The Duble Ninth Festival is als a time ______ the chrysanthemum (菊花) blms.2．I enjyed my stay in the library _______ I culd read varius bks I was interested in.3．The reasn _____ all peple present are ppsed t the prject is that it will cause much pllutin.
4．She is ging t settle in Shanghai, _______ she has sme clse friends.5．Next mnth, ______ we will spend ur winter hlidays in ur hmetwn, is appraching.
考点三　“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句一、“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句的用法“介词＋关系代词”既能引导限制性定语从句，又能引导非限制性定语从句。先行词指物时，关系代词用which；先行词指人时，关系代词用whm；关系代词whse与所修饰的名词也可同时放在介词之后。The USA is a large cuntry in which many different dialects are spken.美国是一个大国，有着许许多多不同的方言。
He is the persn n whm yu can depend.他是一个你可以信赖的人。He was the man frm whse rm the thief had stlen his bag.他就是被小偷从房间里偷走包的那个人。
二、“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定1．根据定语从句中动词、形容词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。In the dark street, there wasn't a single persn t whm she culd turn fr help.在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以求助的人。(turn t sb fr help)Physics is the subject in which every student in ur schl is interested.物理是我们学校每个学生都很感兴趣的课程。(be interested in)
2．根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定。I'll never frget the time during which I spent my childhd in the cuntry.我永远不会忘记我童年时在乡下度过的那段时光。(during the time)3．根据所表达的意思来确定。The clrless gas, withut which we can't live, is called xygen.这种无色的气体就是氧气，没有它我们无法生存。(withut the clrless gas)
三、“介词＋关系代词”结构的变式1．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句有时可以与“介词＋关系代词＋动词不定式”转换。She must have time in which she culd grw calm (＝in which t grw calm)．她需要时间冷静。
Frank's dream is t have his wn garden in which he can grw many beautiful flwers (＝in which t grw many beautiful flwers)．弗兰克的梦想是拥有自己的花园，在里面可以种植许多漂亮的花。
2．“名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词”结构。He tld us a stry in English, the meaning f which I culdn't understand cmpletely.他用英语给我们讲了一个故事，我不能完全理解它的意思。There are abut 400 students in ur grade, mst f whm are frm Haidian District.我们年级大约有400名学生，其中大多数来自海淀区。
即时演练(三)单句语法填空1．I'll never frget the day ____ which we wrked tgether in the cuntryside.2．Yesterday we visited the Batu Spring _____ which Jinan is famus.3．In the fast mving infrmatin age, teenagers shuld keep pace with the media envirnment ____ which they cmmunicate with the utside wrld.
4．I dn't agree with the climate ____ which they've been accustmed fr years.5．Fr instance, in Lima, the capital f Peru, there are mre than 50 Chinese medicine clinics, abut 70 percent f _______ were set up by lcal dctrs.
集训夯基 · 素养提能
Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2023·全国乙卷)But fr all its ancient buildings，Beijing is als a place ____________ welcmes the fast-paced develpment f mdern life，with 21st-century architectural wnders standing side by side with histrical buildings f the past.解析：考查定语从句。句中先行词为“a place”，空处关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
2．(2023·全国甲卷)There was nce a twn in the heart f America，_______ all life seemed t enjy peaceful existence with its surrundings.解析：考查定语从句。句中先行词为twn，空处关系词在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
3．(2023·全国甲卷) Fables(寓言) were part f the ral traditin f many early cultures, and the well-knwn Aesp's fables date t the sixth century, B．C． Yet, the frm f the fable still has values tday, ____ Rachel Carsn says in “A Fable fr Tmrrw.”解析：考查定语从句。关系词引导非限制性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as。故填as。
4．(2023·北京卷)Nina recently finished her year-lng series f runs in Chicag, _______ thusands were attending a water cnference.解析：考查定语从句。句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动，数千人在那里参加了一个水会议。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Chicag，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
5．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is intended t prvide strnger prtectin fr all the species ______ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly imprve the health f the ecsystem in the area. 解析： 考查定语从句。此处that引导定语从句，先行词为the species，被all修饰，关系代词只能用that不用which。故填that。
6．(2022·全国甲卷)On the 1,100-kilmeter jurney, the man Ca Shengkang, _____lst his eyesight at the age f eight in a car accident, crssed 40 cities and cunties in three prvinces. 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Ca Shengkang。该定语从句缺少主语，且先行词指人，应用wh来引导该定语从句。故填wh。
7．(2022·浙江卷)Kim Cbb, a prfessr at the Gergia Institute f Technlgy in Atlanta, is ne f a small but grwing minrity f academics __________ are cutting back n their air travel because f climate change.解析：考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cbb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且空处关系词在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词引导定语从句。故填that/wh。
8．(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)I decided that if I learned f a cmpany ____________ used a lt f plastic, I'd send it an email urging it t cut back.解析：考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构，________ used a lt f plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a cmpany，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句。故填which/that。
9．(2021·天津卷)William Hastie nce suggested that histry infrms us f past mistakes frm _______ we can learn withut repeating them.解析：考查定语从句。句意：William Hastie曾经说过，历史会告诉我们过去的错误，从过去的错误中我们可以吸取教训而不重蹈覆辙。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为past mistakes，指物。此处定语从句由frm＋which组成的“介词＋关系代词”引导。故填which。
10．(2021·浙江1月卷)BMI is an internatinally recgnized measurement tl ____________ gives an indicatin f whether smene is a healthy weight.解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格后是定语从句，tl是先行词，且关系词在从句中作主语。故填that/which。
11．(2021·天津3月卷)At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands _______ artists demnstrate their skills and teach the visitrs.解析：考查定语从句。句意：在中国艺术节上有不同的展台，在那里艺术家可以展示他们的技巧并教给参观者。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是stands，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。
12．(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)In ancient China lived an artist _______ paintings were almst lifelike.解析：考查定语从句。此处为定语从句，修饰先行词artist，且空处关系词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whse。故填whse。
13．(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The 80,000 bjects cllected by Sir Hans Slane，fr example，frmed the cre cllectin f the British Museum ____________ pened in 1759.解析：考查定语从句。此处是限制性定语从句，先行词是the British Museum，关系词在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
14．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Thank yu fr yur letter，_______ really made me happy.解析：考查定语从句。分析句子，逗号后的从句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词yur letter，关系词在从句中作主语，指物。故填which。15．(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Understanding her gd intentins，I eat all the fd ______ is prvided by Mm with appreciatin.解析：考查定语从句。fd后是定语从句，先行词是all the fd，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，先行词又被all所修饰。故填that。
16．(北京卷)The students benefiting mst frm cllege are thse _____ are ttally engaged(参与) in academic life，taking full advantage f the cllege's chances and resurces(资源)．解析：考查定语从句。______ are ttally engaged(参与) in academic life是定语从句，修饰先行词thse，且空格处在从句中作主语，指代人。故填wh。
17．(天津卷)Their child is at the stage _______ she can say individual wrds but nt full sentences.解析：考查定语从句。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是the stage，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where，相当于in which。故填where。18．(全国Ⅲ卷)In the cafe，custmers will enjy themselves in the histrical envirnment ____________ is created fr them.解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，关系词在定语从句中作主语，先行词为envirnment，指物。故填that/which。
19．(全国Ⅰ卷)One afternn ______ I was in primary schl，I was walking by the schl playgrund.解析：考查定语从句。先行词为One afternn，且关系词在定语从句中作时间状语。故填when。
20．(全国Ⅱ卷)The Chinese Ministry f Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the gvernment started a sil-testing prgram ____________ gives specific fertilizer recmmendatins t farmers—and 2011，fertilizer use drpped by 7.7 millin tns.解析：考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，空处关系词在从句中作主语，修饰a sil-testing prgram，先行词表示物。故填that/which。
21．(浙江卷)Many westerners __________ cme t China ck much less than in their wn cuntries nce they realize hw cheap it can be t eat ut.解析：考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词指人，空处关系词在从句中作主语，故用wh/that 引导定语从句。故填wh/that。
22．(江苏卷)Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest f the wrld are n the same starting line.解析：考查定语从句。设空处引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词an area。将先行词代入定语从句后为China and the rest f the wrld are n the same starting line in the area，由此可知，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语。故填where。
23．(全国Ⅲ卷)But Sarah，_____ has taken part in shws alng with tp mdels，wants t prve that she has brains as well as beauty.解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是Sarah，指人，空处关系词在从句中作主语。故填wh。
24．(全国Ⅲ卷)Arund me in the picture are the things ____________ were very imprtant in my life at that time：car magazines and musical instruments.解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，things是其后定语从句的先行词，指物，关系词在从句中作主语。故填that/which。
Ⅱ.语法填空定语从句专练There was a time________ I was tired f learning English and disliked t speak English.And this was the reasn _______ my father frced me t jin in a 30-day training in an English club befre I went t senir high schl.When I first came t the club，_________ I met many strangers，I missed my parents very much. S I packed up my things and wanted t g hme.Frtunately，my guide，_________ teacher was Yu Minhng，cmmunicated with me face t face.He，frm ________ I gained sme useful instructins，als shwed me a gd partner，and we gt alng well with each ther.
Gradually I adapted t the life there.Every day I wuld like t talk t ther teenagers and set dwn a series f activities ______________we did.I shuld be grateful t my father and the guide，_______ encuraged me t fall in lve with English. Nw I feel it interesting t learn English，int _________ I put my entire energy. Every day I read my wrds and passages alud.In class I jin in English discussins.Befre I g t sleep，I recall the passages，thrugh _________ I can memrize a large number f new wrds._______ ur English teacher says，“As lng as yu frm the habit f learning English every day and have perseverance，yu will cnquer English sner r later.”
6.that/which
语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者参加英语俱乐部的难忘经历。在那里作者遇到了一位好老师，那位老师使作者对英语学习产生了兴趣，同时作者还养成了学习英语的好习惯。解析：1．考查定语从句。先行词是时间time，定语从句中不缺主语、宾语或表语。故填when。
2．考查定语从句。先行词是原因reasn，定语从句中不缺主语或宾语。故填why。3．考查定语从句。先行词是地点club，定语从句不缺主语或宾语。故填where。4．考查定语从句。先行词是guide，空格后面的teacher与其构成所属关系。故填whse。5．考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，结合句意及空前的介词frm可知用whm。故填whm。
6．考查定语从句。定语从句中用关系词指代先行词activities，并在定语从句中作宾语。故填that/which。7．考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句中用关系词指代先行词my father and the guide，指人，并在定语从句中作主语。故填wh。8．考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句中用关系词指代先行词English，并在定语从句中作介词int的宾语。故填which。9．考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的名词passages。故填which。
10．考查定语从句。根据句子结构和语境可知，此为非限制性定语从句且关系词指代后面的句子“As lng as yu frm the habit f learning English every day and have perseverance，yu will cnquer English sner r later.”因此要用as引导定语从句，意为“正如”。故填As。
Ⅲ.写作运用(根据汉语提示完成下面短文，注意定语从句的运用)1．____________________________________________ (众所周知), high schl life is an imprtant turning pint and 2._______________________________________________________________ (高中校园是学生学习和生活的重要场所)．My classmates and I decided t d smething fr the cming graduatin.Having had a heated discussin, we agreed n making a vide t recrd 3.___________________________ (我们的在校经历).
As is universally knwn/As is knwn t all
high schl campus is
an imprtant place where students study and live
ur experiences at schl