热点10 科普知识之阅读理解押题-2024年高考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练（新高考专用）

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科普说明文阅读技巧
策略一：抓住文体特征：主题句：背景引入后\首句
四个部分：标题（简明揭示中心）、背景（引入）、主题（明确提出主题+详细说明）--通过实验、研究、举例、对比等方式进行以及结尾--简要概括中心
Wh-文章的主体是谁（即所要说明和描述的人或事物）
the findings f the research & backgrund
What-文章的主体做了什么（即主体表现出的特征、功能和用途）
Its feature,functins and usage
When and Where-何时何地（即何时何地表现Characteristic）
Hw-Hw did the research prefrm?
（The Data and Analysis f the Research）
Why-特性功能用途的原因（即Why is the research imprtant?）
策略二：抓关键句--首末句 +作者态度句；
策略三：抓出题处：⑴在列举处命题。⑵在例证处命题，句中常用由as、such as、fr example、fr instance等引导作为例证，这些例句或比喻就成为命题者设问的焦点。（3）转折but,yet,hwever,nevertheless,rather,thugh,althugh,while,in fact,as a matter f fact,n the ther hand,by cntrast）;。⑷在比较处命题，无端的比较、相反的比较、偷换对象的比较，经常出现在干扰项中，考生要标记并且关注到原文中的比较，才能顺利地排除干扰。⑸在复杂句中命题，包括同位词、插入语、定语、从句、不定式等，命题者主要考查考生对句子之间的指代关系和语法关系。
（6）带总结归纳（thus,s,therefr,accrdingly,cnsequently,as a result,in a wrd,in summary,in brief）;
（7）表达观点，总括的动词(believe,think,assume,suggest,shw,cnclude,find that,draw the cnclusin that,discver that);
（8）问句--设问句\反问句（问句中的内容和答案---即文章作者要介绍的主题或观点）
策略四： “玩转”生词，长难句
对于不影响文章整体理解以及解题的生词，忽略不计。
影响理解及解题关键生词-一定要猜出。
策略五： 判断推理题
不能夸大事实，过度推断。
不能主观臆断，无中生有。
文中细节，事实不是推断
典例分析
（2023·新高考I卷D）On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galtn published a paper which illustrated what has cme t be knwn as the “wisdm f crwds” effect. The experiment f estimatin he cnducted shwed that in sme cases, the average f a large number f independent estimates culd be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and sme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple’s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.
But a new study led by Jaquin Navajas ffered an interesting twist (转折) n this classic phenmenn. The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals. Fr instance, the average btained frm the estimates f fur discussin grups f five was significantly mre accurate than the average btained frm 20 independent individuals.
In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? This happened sme f the time, but it wasn’t the dminant respnse. Mst frequently, the grups reprted that they “shared arguments and reasned tgether”. Smehw, these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr. Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.
1．What is paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?
A．The methds f estimatin.B．The underlying lgic f the effect.
C．The causes f peple’s errrs.D．The design f Galtn’s experiment.
2．Navajas’ study fund that the average accuracy culd increase even if ________.
A．the crwds were relatively smallB．there were ccasinal underestimates
C．individuals did nt cmmunicateD．estimates were nt fully independent
3．What did the fllw-up study fcus n?
A．The size f the grups.B．The dminant members.
C．The discussin prcess.D．The individual estimates.
4．What is the authr’s attitude tward Navajas’ studies?
A．Unclear.B．Dismissive.C．Dubtful.D．Apprving.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D
【导语】本文是说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。
1．主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and cme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn. (这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降)”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段的“In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. (从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的)”和第三段的“The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals. Fr instance, the average btained frm the estimates f fur discussin grups f five was significantly mre accurate than the average btained frm 20 independent individuals. (这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确)”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段的“In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? (在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的估计最有信心的人？他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗)”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus. (尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。
（建议用时：10分钟/篇）
1.（2023·山东临沂·统考二模）Have yu ever wished yu culd be better rganised r mre sciable? Perhaps yu’re a cnstant wrrier, and yu’d prefer t be a little mre carefree?
Many surveys shw that at least tw-thirds f peple wuld like t change sme elements f their persnality. In the past, such desires appeared t be unachievable. Like the prverbial lepard that culd never change its spts, ur virtues and flaws were believed t be wven int the fabric f ur minds.
Recent scientific research, hwever, prves this expectatin f persnality’s permanence wrng. With the right psychlgical strategies and enugh effrt, many peple can successfully shape their cre persnalities int what they desire.
Our genes almst certainly play a rle: it’s why peple’s persnalities ften reflect their bilgical parents’ nes. The influence f ur scial envirnment was thught t end in early adulthd, as the brain reached maturity. If this were true, it wuldn’t be pssible t shift persnality at will. Yet that is exactly what psychlgy prfessr Nathan Hudsn and his clleagues have shwn with a series f grundbreaking studies.
The interventins in their studies typically invlve arranging regular activities that reflect the persnalities peple wish t adpt. A quiet persn wh wished t be mre utging, fr example, might have the gal f intrducing themselves t a stranger nce a week, r making small talk with the cashier at their lcal supermarket.
The aim is fr the thinking patterns and behaviurs they generate t becme habitual. In the first trial, prvided participants actually cmpleted thse arranged tasks, their persnalities shifted in the desired directin. Similarly exciting results culd be seen in a later trial. The differences f participants’ persnalities befre and after the interventin were still apparent three mnths after the experiment had ended. As Aristtle argued mre than 2,300 years ag, we becme what we repeatedly d.
The unexpected plasticity f ur minds shuld be gd news fr anyne wh wishes they were a bit mre sciable, rganised, r happy-g-lucky. Anther ptential benefit is that awareness f this research culd help imprve mental health.
1．Why is “lepard” mentined in paragraph 2?
A．T explain that ur minds cnsist f virtues and flaws.
B．T shw the similarity between lepards and human beings.
C．T prve a pssibility that peple can change their persnality.
D．T demnstrate the previus belief that persnalities remain fixed.
2．What can be inferred abut the “interventins”?
A．The tw trials reached different cnclusins.B．Activities are tailred t specific persnalitites.
C．The purpse is t better peple’s persnalities.D．Peple’s persnalities can be changed but can’t last.
3．What has Nathan Hudsn’s team shwn thrugh their studies?
A．The previus expectatin f persnality’s permanence was cnfirmed.
B．The influence f ur scial envirnment ends when the brain matures.
C．The desire t change sme elements f ur persnality can be achieved.
D．Our genes play a greater rle in ur persnality than scial envirnment.
4．What is the best title fr the text?
A．We Are What We DB．Habits Make Things Easier
C．Yur Persnality Is Nt Set In StneD．A Lepard Never Changes Its Spts
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。最近的科学研究证明，这种对人格持久性的期望是错误的。通过正确的心理策略和足够的努力，许多人可以成功地将他们的核心个性塑造成他们想要的样子。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及发现和意义：对于那些希望自己更善于交际、更有条理或更随遇而安的人来说，我们大脑意想不到的可塑性应该是个好消息。另一个潜在的好处是，意识到这项研究可以帮助改善心理健康。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Many surveys shw that at least tw-thirds f peple wuld like t change sme elements f their persnality. In the past, such desires appeared t be unachievable. Like the prverbial lepard that culd never change its spts, ur virtues and flaws were believed t be wven int the fabric f ur minds.(许多调查显示，至少三分之二的人想要改变他们性格中的某些元素。在过去，这样的愿望似乎是无法实现的。就像谚语所说的“江山易改本性难移”一样，我们的优点和缺点被认为是编织在我们的思想结构中)”可推知，在第二段提到了“豹”是为了证明先前的观点，即人格是固定的。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据第五段“The interventins in their studies typically invlve arranging regular activities that reflect the persnalities peple wish t adpt. A quiet persn wh wished t be mre utging, fr example, might have the gal f intrducing themselves t a stranger nce a week, r making small talk with the cashier at their lcal supermarket.(在他们的研究中，干预通常包括安排反映人们希望采用的个性的定期活动。例如，一个安静的人希望变得更外向，他的目标可能是每周向陌生人介绍自己一次，或者在当地超市与收银员闲聊一次)”可推知，活动是为特定的个性量身定制的。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In the first trial, prvided participants actually cmpleted thse arranged tasks, their persnalities shifted in the desired directin. Similarly exciting results culd be seen in a later trial. The differences f participants’ persnalities befre and after the interventin were still apparent three mnths after the experiment had ended. As Aristtle argued mre than 2,300 years ag, we becme what we repeatedly d.(在第一次试验中，如果参与者确实完成了这些安排好的任务，他们的性格就会朝着预期的方向转变。在随后的试验中也可以看到同样令人兴奋的结果。实验结束三个月后，参与者在干预前后的性格差异仍然很明显。正如亚里士多德在2300多年前所说的那样，我们反复做什么，我们就会成为什么)”可知，内森·哈德森的团队通过他们的研究表明了改变我们个性的某些元素的愿望是可以实现的。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Recent scientific research, hwever, prves this expectatin f persnality’s permanence wrng. With the right psychlgical strategies and enugh effrt, many peple can successfully shape their cre persnalities int what they desire.(然而，最近的科学研究证明，这种对人格持久性的期望是错误的。通过正确的心理策略和足够的努力，许多人可以成功地将他们的核心个性塑造成他们想要的样子)”可知，文章主要介绍了最近的科学研究证明，这种对人格持久性的期望是错误的。通过正确的心理策略和足够的努力，许多人可以成功地将他们的核心个性塑造成他们想要的样子，C选项“你的性格不是一成不变的”最符合文章标题。故选C。
2.（2023·福建南平·统考三模）A recent paper describes bees rlling tiny wden balls, nt fr a reward, but apparently just fr fun. This discvery emphasizes a lng-standing cnflict in ur view f animals. On the ne hand, we want t find the features that distinguish humans frm ther animals: tls, language and a thery f mind. On the ther hand, we delight in finding animals that break thse bundaries: chimps, crws and nw bees that use tls, dlphins with signature whistles. But what d thse bundaries mean?
As a bilgist wh studies animal behaviur, I am puzzled by this effrt t rank animals by their capabilities. I applaud the desire t shw that animals are like us, but we can recgnize animals fr what they are, and be amazed at their abilities, withut having t make their behaviur mirrr that f humans.
Once we get ut frm the assumptin that animals have t be like peple with human mtivatins and feelings, we are freed up t cnsider the mechanisms (机理) behind the behaviurs. Fr example, the same sertnin (血清素) influences anxiety in humans and maze (迷宫) explratin in crayfish. In a tank divided int well-lit and shadwy areas, crayfish explre bth, but prefer the darker areas, cnsistent with their night lifestyle.
Des this mean crayfish experience anxiety? N. In the bees’ case, they might be exhibiting sme very interesting behaviur that has nthing t d with wanting t “have fun”—but we will never examine it if we simply assume they are playing just like peple. I am nt disparaging the bee researchers’ cnclusins, and I am nt trying t be a killjy, but there is smething abut all this humanizing that prevent explratin, instead f encuraging it.
5．What’s the purpse f paragraph 1?
A．T list ut facts.B．T raise an argument.
C．T aruse readers’ interest.D．T explain a cncept.
6．What can we learn frm paragraph 3?
A．Behaviur mechanisms wrk.B．Crayfish prefer the light sectins.
C．The assumptin prves reasnable.D．Animals are similar t human in mind.
7．What des the underlined wrd “disparaging” mean in paragraph 4?
A．Criticizing.B．Explaining.
C．Cnfirming.D．Acknwledging.
8．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．Feelings: Guiding Human BeingB．Bundaries: Making N Sense
C．Humanizing: Cvering the TruthD．Animals: Mirrring Human Behaviurs
【答案】5．B 6．A 7．A 8．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是作者赞赏展示动物和我们一样的愿望，但我们可以认识动物的本来面目，并对它们的能力感到惊讶，而不必把它们的行为模仿成人类的行为，一旦我们摆脱了动物必须像人类一样具有人类动机和情感的假设，我们就可以自由地考虑行为背后的机制。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段的“A recent paper describes bees rlling tiny wden balls, nt fr a reward, but apparently just fr fun. This discvery emphasizes a lng-standing cnflict in ur view f animals.(最近的一篇论文描述了蜜蜂滚动小木球，不是为了奖励，而显然只是为了好玩。这一发现强调了我们对动物的看法中一个长期存在的冲突。)”可推知，第一段的目的是提出论点——我们对动物的看法中一个长期存在的冲突。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Once we get ut frm the assumptin that animals have t be like peple with human mtivatins and feelings, we are freed up t cnsider the mechanisms (机理) behind the behaviurs. Fr example, the same sertnin (血清素) influences anxiety in humans and maze (迷宫) explratin in crayfish. In a tank divided int well-lit and shadwy areas, crayfish explre bth, but prefer the darker areas, cnsistent with their night lifestyle.(一旦我们摆脱了动物必须像人类一样具有人类动机和情感的假设，我们就可以自由地考虑行为背后的机制。例如，同样的血清素影响人类的焦虑和小龙虾的迷宫探索。在一个被分成光线充足和阴暗的区域的水箱里，小龙虾会在两个区域都探索，但更喜欢黑暗的区域，这与它们的夜间生活方式一致。)”可知，我们可以从第三段中了解到行为机制起作用。故选A。
7．词句猜测题。根据最后一段的“In the bees’ case, they might be exhibiting sme very interesting behaviur that has nthing t d with wanting t “have fun”—but we will never examine it if we simply assume they are playing just like peple.(在蜜蜂的例子中，它们可能会表现出一些非常有趣的行为，这些行为与想要“玩得开心”无关——但如果我们简单地假设它们像人一样玩耍，我们就永远不会研究它。)”和“and I am nt trying t be a killjy, but there is smething abut all this humanizing that prevent explratin, instead f encuraging it(我并不想扫兴，但所有这些人性化的东西阻碍了探索，而不是鼓励探索)”可知，作者在此声明的是自己并不是在贬低蜜蜂研究人员的结论，也不是想要扫兴，因此划线词disparaging的意思是“贬低，诋毁”，和criticizing意思相近，故选A。
8．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“As a bilgist wh studies animal behaviur, I am puzzled by this effrt t rank animals by their capabilities. I applaud the desire t shw that animals are like us, but we can recgnize animals fr what they are, and be amazed at their abilities, withut having t make their behaviur mirrr that f humans.(作为一名研究动物行为的生物学家，我对这种按能力给动物排序的做法感到困惑。我赞赏展示动物和我们一样的愿望，但我们可以认识动物的本来面目，并对它们的能力感到惊讶，而不必把它们的行为模仿成人类的行为。)”和第三段的“Once we get ut frm the assumptin that animals have t be like peple with human mtivatins and feelings, we are freed up t cnsider the mechanisms (机理) behind the behaviurs.(一旦我们摆脱了动物必须像人类一样具有人类动机和情感的假设，我们就可以自由地考虑行为背后的机制。)”可知，本文主要讲的是作者赞赏展示动物和我们一样的愿望，但我们可以认识动物的本来面目，并对它们的能力感到惊讶，而不必把它们的行为模仿成人类的行为，一旦我们摆脱了动物必须像人类一样具有人类动机和情感的假设，我们就可以自由地考虑行为背后的机制，也就是说动物的人性化掩盖了关于它们的行为，因此最好的标题是C选项“Humanizing: Cvering the Truth(人性化：掩盖真相)”，故选C。
3.（2023·福建泉州·统考模拟预测）All human languages use vwels and cnsnants (元音和辅音) t express ideas. Mst primates (灵长类) cmmunicate almst using vwel-like calls, but nn-human great apes (猿), like chimpanzees, prduce cnsnant-like sunds t varying degrees. This raises the questin f where cnsnants came frm, says Adrian Lameira at the University f Warwick. T find it ut, he studied existing literature t see hw cmmn cnsnants are amng the great apes.
He fund that rangutans (猩猩), which spend mst f their time in the trees, prduce a greater number and variety f cnsnant sunds than grillas and chimpanzees living n the grund. “Orangutans have rich sunds like kiss sunds, scrapes and clicks.” says Lameira. They typically use these sunds while building nests r cmmunicating with their yung.
Lameira thinks that living in the trees may explain that Great apes are exprt at prcessing prtected fds, like nuts, which ften requires tls. While living in trees, hwever, rangutans must always use at least ne arm t maintain stability. They have therefre develped mre cmplex cntrl f their lips, tngues and jaws, allwing them t use their muths as a “fifth limb” rangutans can peel ranges just with lips, fr example.
This advanced mtr skill enables rangutans t make cnsnant-like sunds, argues Lameira. This culd mean that ur early ancestrs develped cnsnant sunds while hanging arund in the trees, t. “There’s a grwing sense that ur dependency n trees was much larger and deeper than we think,” says Lameira.
The link between feeding and sunds desn’t apply t smaller tree-living primates like mnkeys, argues Lameira, because their size and tails make them mre stable n branches and they eat differently.
“This is an interesting assumptin wrth testing,” says Chris Petkv at Newcastle University, thugh he questins sme aspects. As humans aren’t tree-living, there must be ther reasns why cnsnants remain, which culd be tested by characterising cnsnant-like sunds mre systematically acrss species, he says.
9．What des the underlined wrd “it” in paragraph 1 refer t?
A．Why vwels and cnsnants are used.B．What ideas the cnsnants express.
C．Where the cnsnants came frm.D．Hw cmmn the cnsnants are.
10．What fact can supprt Adrian Lamerica’s assumptin abut rangutans?
A．They build nests with their yung.B．They are skillful in emplying tls.
C．They shw stability in cntrlling arms.D．They gain advanced mtr skill f muths.
11．What can we infer frm Adrian Lameira’s findings?
A．Cnsnant sunds were made by ur earliest ancestrs.
B．Our ancestrs depended mre n trees than believed.
C．The link between feeding and sunds applies t mnkeys.
D．Mnkeys differ frm rangutans in eating habits.
12．What is Chris Petkv’s attitude t Adrian Lameira’s assumptin?
A．Oppsed.B．Puzzled.C．Cnfident.D．Cautius.
【答案】9．C 10．D 11．B 12．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是研究者发现大部分时间生活在树上的猩猩比生活在地面上的大猩猩和黑猩猩发出的辅音数量和种类都要多。
9．词句猜测题。根据第一段的“This raises the questin f where cnsnants came frm(这就提出了辅音从何而来的问题)”和“he studied existing literature t see hw cmmn cnsnants are amng the great apes(他研究了现存的文献，想看看类人猿的辅音有多普遍)”可知，Adrian Lameira是为了发现辅音从何而来，it指的是“辅音的来源”，故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段的“While living in trees, hwever, rangutans must always use at least ne arm t maintain stability. They have therefre develped mre cmplex cntrl f their lips, tngues and jaws, allwing them t use their muths as a “fifth limb” rangutans can peel ranges just with lips, fr example.(然而，当生活在树上时，猩猩必须至少使用一只手臂来保持稳定。因此，它们已经发展出对嘴唇、舌头和下颚的更复杂的控制，使它们能够把嘴作为“第五肢”来使用，例如，猩猩只用嘴唇就能剥橙子。)”和第四段的“This advanced mtr skill enables rangutans make cnsnant-like sunds, argues Lameira.(拉米拉认为，这种先进的运动技能使猩猩能够发出类似辅音的声音。)”可知，支持Adrian Lameira关于猩猩的假设的是他们获得了高级的嘴巴运动技能，故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“This culd mean that ur early ancestrs develped cnsnant sunds while hanging arund in the trees, t. “There’s a grwing sense that ur dependency n trees was much larger and deeper than we think,” says Lameira.(这可能意味着我们的早期祖先在树上闲逛时也学会了辅音。Lameira说：“人们越来越意识到，我们对树木的依赖比我们想象的要大得多，也要深得多。”)”可知，我们的祖先比人们想象的更依赖树木，故选B。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段的““This is an interesting assumptin wrth testing,” says Chris Petkv at Newcastle University, thugh he questins sme aspects. As humans aren’t tree-living, there must be ther reasns why cnsnants remain, which culd be tested by characterising cnsnant-like sunds mre systematically acrss species, he says.(“这是一个值得检验的有趣假设，”Newcastle大学的Chris Petkv说，尽管他对某些方面提出了质疑。他说，由于人类不是在树上生活的，所以辅音保留下来一定有其他原因，这可以通过在不同物种之间更系统地描述类似辅音的声音来验证。)”可知，Chris Petkv对Adrian Lameira的假设的态度是谨慎的，故选D。
4.（2023·福建福州·统考模拟预测）During the summer f 2021, Beverly Wax had an experience that filled her with awe. It was the sight f her sn, Justin, dragging a 36-kilgram prtable air cnditiner upstairs. Beverly’s central air cnditining had stpped wrking in the middle f a 32℃ heat wave. She had mentined t her sn and he’d shwn up as a surprise. As she watched him sweat and struggle while fixing it, she felt a wave f gratitude and appreciatin.
Awe is that feeling we get when smething is s vast that it stps us in ur tracks. Often, it challenges r expands ur thinking. Research shws that awe experiences decrease stress and increase verall satisfactin. It can als help ur relatinships, making us feel mre sympathetic and less greedy, mre supprted by and mre likely t help thers.
Mst f us assciate awe with smething rare and beautiful: nature, music r a spiritual experience. But peple can bring abut awe, and nt just public heres. Often, this interpersnal awe is a respnse t life’s big, sweeping changes. We can be awed by ur nearest and dearest — the peple sitting next t us n the sfa, r chatting n the phne. But it happens in smaller mments, t. Jhn Bargh, a psychlgist, said he was truly awestruck by his then-five-year-ld daughter. When she heard anther child crying, she grabbed her ty, walked ver t the by and handed it t him.
Unfrtunately, we can’t make smene else behave in a way that’s awesme. But we can prepare urselves t ntice it when they d — and take steps t bst the emtin’s psitive effects.
13．Why des the writer tell Beverly’s stry?
A．T shw sympathy fr her.B．T cite an example f awe.
C．T express appreciatin t her sn.D．T start a discussin abut awe.
14．What is the benefit f awe?
A．It stps ur anxiety.B．It simplifies ur thinking.
C．It satisfies regular needs.D．It prmtes psitive emtins.
15．In which situatin can we feel awed between the nearest?
A．Admiring scenery in a natinal park.
B．Enjying classic music in a cncert hall.
C．Receiving a call frm a lng-lst friend.
D．Getting the signature f a famus athlete.
16．What can be implied frm the last paragraph?
A．Arise in time f truble.
B．Behave in an awesme way.
C．Sense amazement in daily life.
D．Increase chance f finding awe.
【答案】13．B 14．D 15．C 16．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究表明敬畏会让我们感觉得更好。
13．推理判断题。根据第一段“During the summer f 2021, Beverly Wax had an experience that filled her with awe. (在2021年的夏天，贝弗利·瓦克斯经历了一次让她充满敬畏的经历)”及第一段可推断，作者讲述贝弗莉的故事是为了举一个敬畏的例子。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据第二段“Research shws that awe experiences decrease stress and increase verall satisfactin. It can als help ur relatinships, making us feel mre sympathetic and less greedy, mre supprted by and mre likely t help thers. (研究表明，敬畏体验可以减轻压力，提高整体满意度。它还可以帮助我们的人际关系，使我们更有同情心，不那么贪婪，更有可能得到别人的支持和帮助)”和第三段“Mst f us assciate awe with smething rare and beautiful: nature, music r a spiritual experience.( 我们大多数人都将敬畏与稀有而美丽的事物联系在一起:自然、音乐或精神体验)”可推断，敬畏的好处是可以促进积极情绪。故选D。
15．细节理解题。根据第三段“We can be awed by ur nearest and dearest — the peple sitting next t us n the sfa, r chatting n the phne. (我们可以敬畏我们最亲近的人——坐在我们旁边的沙发上，或者在电话里聊天的人)”可知，接到久违朋友的电话会让我们对最亲近的人感到敬畏。故选C。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Unfrtunately, we can’t make smene else behave in a way that’s awesme. But we can prepare urselves t ntice it when they d — and take steps t bst the emtin’s psitive effects. (不幸的是，我们不能让别人表现得很好。但我们可以做好心理准备，在情绪出现时注意到它，并采取措施增强这种情绪的积极影响)”可推断，感受日常生活中的惊奇，可以让我们感受到敬畏。故选C。
5.（2023·福建三明·统考三模）“Shyness can stp yu frm ding all the things in life that yu’d like t,” the Smiths nce sang. Hwever, research suggests that may nt be the case when wrking as a team.
Researchers have fund that when animals temper their persnalities because f scial rules, the efficiency f a grup t undertake risky missins—such as fraging (觅食) fr fd—is bsted. “We see this phenmenn happening when we mix tgether a schl f fish with wildly different persnalities: the very fearless individuals and the very shy individuals tend t cntrl what they wuld nrmally be ding when they stick with the rest f the grup,” said Dr. Sean Rands, the lead authr f the research at the University f Bristl.
Writing in the jurnal PLS Cmputatinal Bilgy, the researchers reprted hw they built a cmputer mdel t investigate the impact f scial cnventins and animals’ persnalities n the mvement f individuals within a grup. The mdel was based n an assumptin in which a grup f animals in a safe “hme” set ut t travel t a fd fraging site sme distance away.
The results revealed that when n scial cnventins were in place, their mvements were gverned by their persnalities alne—in ther wrds hw fearless r shy they were determined hw quickly they left hme and arrived at the fraging site. Hwever, when scial cnventins were intrduced, s that the individuals had t keep an eye n each ther and adjust their mvements accrdingly, the impact f persnality reduced with less variatin in hw quickly they reached the destinatin. The team fund where scial cnventins were present, the grup fraged mre efficiently than when individuals behaved independently. “We find that if individuals pay attentin t the ther members f the grup, the grup will tend t remain at the safe site fr lnger, but then travel faster twards the fraging site,” the team wrte.
Rands added that fr many scial animals, being part f a grup can bring huge benefits, and these can utweigh the influence f persnality.
17．Why are the Smiths’ wrds mentined in paragraph 1?
A．T give an example.
B．T make a cmparisn.
C．T lead in the tpic.
D．T intrduce the backgrund.
18．What will individuals d while staying with a grup?
A．Adjust their behavir.
B．Take n risky missins.
C．Ignre scial rules.
D．Travel t a distant fraging site.
19．What can we infer frm the results?
A．Persnalities alne determine mvements.
B．Individuals prefer t behave independently.
C．Grup wrk increases expsure t ptential risks.
D．Scial cnventins cntribute t wrking efficiency.
20．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Be Part f a Grup
B．Stay True t Yurself
C．Get Rid f Yur Shyness
D．Cntrl Yur Persnalities
【答案】17．C 18．A 19．D 20．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了与传统所认为的害羞会成为生活的阻碍不同，当个体在群体中时，由于社会习俗的存在，无论是害羞性格，还是大胆无畏性格，个体会调整自我行为以适应群体，这反而提高了做事的效率。因此，群居动物融入群体生活是大有裨益的。
17．推理判断题。分析可知，当文章首段提出“‘Shyness can stp yu frm ding all the things in life that yu’d like t,’ the Smiths nce sang.(The Smiths曾经唱道：“害羞会阻止你去做生活中你想做的所有事情。”)”之后，用转折句“Hwever, research suggests that may nt be the case when wrking as a team.(然而，研究表明，在团队工作时，情况可能并非如此。)”否定了这一说法，提出在团队合作时，“害羞就是阻碍”的情况并不会发生，并在后文段落进行了详细解释。由此可推知，提到the Smiths的歌词实则是为了引出文章的话题。故选C项。
18．细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“We see this phenmenn happening when we mix tgether a schl f fish with wildly different persnalities: the very fearless individuals and the very shy individuals tend t cntrl what they wuld nrmally be ding when they stick with the rest f the grup(当我们把一群性格截然不同的鱼放在一起时，我们就会看到这种现象：当它们和其他鱼在一起时，非常无畏的鱼和非常害羞的鱼往往会控制它们通常会做的事情)”可知，当个体在群体中时，个体会控制自己通常会做的事情，即，个体会调整自己的行为状态以适应群体。故选A项。
19．推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容“The team fund where scial cnventins were present, the grup fraged mre efficiently than when individuals behaved independently.(研究小组发现，在社会习俗存在的情况下，群体觅食的效率要高于个体独立行动的情况。)”可知，研究发现，社会习俗存在的情况下，群体觅食的效率较高。由此可推知，社会习俗的存在有助于工作效率。故选D项。
20．主旨大意题。根据文章末尾段的总结“Rands added that fr many scial animals, being part f a grup can bring huge benefits, and these can utweigh the influence f persnality.(兰德斯补充说，对于许多群居动物来说，成为群体的一员可以带来巨大的好处，而这些好处可能会超过个性的影响。)”可知，文章主要通过一系列的研究过程和研究结论总结出成为群体一员的好处，社会习俗的存在可以使个体调整自我行为，从而提高工作效率。选项A“Be Part f a Grup(成为群体的一员)”贴合文章主旨。故选A项。
6.（2023·福建龙岩·统考二模）Music is gd fr the health. And drumming may be best f all. As well as being physically demanding, it requires peple t synchrnise their limbs and t react t utside stimuli, such as what the rest f the band is up t. It is particularly helpful fr children wh have emtinal and behaviural difficulties.
Researchers at the Clem Burke Drumming Prject — an rganisatin named after Blndie’s drummer, wh was ne f its funders — have shwn that teaching such children t drum helps them t cntrl their reactins mre generally, t fcus mre effectively n tasks they are given, and t cmmunicate better with ther peple.
The prject’s latest wrk, published in the Prceedings f the Natinal Academy f Sciences by a team led by Marie-Stephanie Cahart f King’s Cllege, Lndn, ges a step further. It lks at the neurlgical (神经系统的) changes which accmpany these shifts. Ms Cahart and her clleagues recruited 36 autistic (自闭的) teenagers and split them int tw grups. One lt had drum lessns twice a week fr eight weeks. The thers did nt. At the beginning and end f the prject everyne was asked t stay still fr 45 minutes in a functinal magnetic-resnance imaging (fmri) machine, t see hw the activity f their brains had changed. Their behaviur, as reprted by their guardians, was als recrded.
As expected, mst f the drumming grup shwed psitive behaviural changes. And these were indeed reflected in their brains. The fmri scans shwed that several clusters f cnnectivity between parts f thse brains had strengthened during the experiment. In particular, tw regins invlved in attentin cntrl, the right drslateral prefrntal crtex (背外侧前额叶皮层) and the right inferir frntal gyrus (额下回), frmed strng links, respectively, with places assciated with reflectin and with areas invlved in interpreting facial expressins. These changes in the brain’s “wetware” thus nicely match the changes in behaviur which learning t drum causes.
Nt a surprise, perhaps. But an encuraging cnfirmatin f drumming’s pwer t heal.
21．What des the underlined wrd “synchrnise” in paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A．Order.B．Shw.C．Strengthen.D．Adjust.
22．Why was the teenagers’ behavir recrded?
A．T bserve the psitive stimuli.B．T see its relatin with brain changes.
C．T shw behaviral differences.D．T demnstrate their facial cnnectin.
23．What can we learn abut drumming?
A．It cures mental illnesses.B．It aruses interest in music.
C．It shapes better behavir.D．It balances minds and behavir.
24．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Drumming benefits health.B．Hw t tackle peple less fcused.
C．A research n emtin and behavir.D．The links between drumming and brain.
【答案】21．D 22．B 23．C 24．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍打鼓可以帮助孩子解决情绪和行为上的困难，有助于他们控制自己的反应，更好地集中注意力，更好地沟通。科学家们研究了打鼓是如何影响自闭症青少年的大脑的，发现它会使他们的行为发生积极的变化。
21．词句猜测题。结合常识和划线词所在句“it requires peple t synchrnise their limbs and t react t utside stimuli (它要求人们synchrnise四肢，并对外界刺激做出反应)”中“react t utside stimuli”可推知，打鼓的时候四肢参与，要对外界刺激做出反应就需要不断去“调整”四肢的动作与状态，所以划线词与adjust同义，意为“调整”。故选D项。
22．推理判断题。根据第三段中“At the beginning and end f the prject everyne was asked t stay still fr 45 minutes in a functinal magnetic-resnance imaging (fmri) machine, t see hw the activity f their brains had changed. Their behaviur, as reprted by their guardians, was als recrded.(在项目开始和结束时，每个人都被要求在功能性磁共振成像仪(fmri)中保持45分钟不动，以观察他们的大脑活动是如何变化的。他们的监护人所报告的行为也被记录下来)”和第四段中“As expected, mst f the drumming grup shwed psitive behaviural changes. And these were indeed reflected in their brains. The fmri scans shwed that several clusters f cnnectivity between parts f thse brains had strengthened during the experiment.(不出所料，击鼓组的大多数人表现出积极的行为变化。这些确实反映在他们的大脑中。功能磁共振成像扫描显示，在实验过程中，这些大脑部分之间的连接簇得到了加强)”可推知，记录青少年的行为的目的是看它与大脑变化的关系。故选B项。
23．细节理解题。根据第四段中“As expected, mst f the drumming grup shwed psitive behaviural changes.(不出所料，击鼓组的大多数人表现出积极的行为变化)”可知，打鼓塑造了更好的行为。故选C项。
24．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Music is gd fr the health. And drumming may be best f all.(Nt a surprise, perhaps. But an encuraging cnfirmatin f drumming’s pwer t heal.)”和最后一段中“Nt a surprise, perhaps. But an encuraging cnfirmatin f drumming’s pwer t heal.(也许这并不奇怪。但鼓乐的治愈能力得到了鼓舞人心的证实)”可知，本文主要介绍打鼓可以帮助孩子解决情绪和行为上的困难，有助于他们控制自己的反应，更好地集中注意力，更好地沟通。所以“Drumming benefits health.(击鼓有益于健康)”有文章主要内容。故选A项。
7.（2023·福建龙岩·统考二模）A new study shws that rising levels f planet-warming gasses may reduce imprtant nutrients in fd crps.
Other studies have shwn that higher temperatures frm climate change and weather extremes will reduce fd prductin. But scientists are finding that rising levels f carbn dixide and ther planet-warming gasses threaten fd quality.
Researchers studied the effects f ne such gas—carbn dixide—n rice. They grew 18 kinds f rice in fields in China and Japan in a cntrlled envirnment. They set carbn dixide levels t what scientists are predicting fr ur planet by the end f the century. They fund that the resulting rice crps had lwer than nrmal levels f vitamins, minerals and prtein.
Rice grwn under high carbn dixide cnditins had, n average, 13 t 30 percent lwer levels f fur B vitamins and 10 percent less prtein. The crps als had 8 percent less irn and 5 percent less zinc (锌) than rice grwn under nrmal cnditins.
The researchers said the effects f planet-warming gasses wuld be mst severe fr the prest citizens in sme f the least develped cuntries. These peple generally eat the mst rice and have the least cmplex diets, they nted. Scientists estimated that almst 150 millin peple might be at risk f having t little prtein r zinc in their diet by 2050.
One scientist, Sam Myers f Harvard University f Massachusetts, US, said that findings like this are an example f the surprises climate change creates. “My cncern is, there are many mre surprises t cme,” he said.
Myers nted that pllutin, lss f sme species, destructin f frests, and ther human activities are likely t prduce unexpected prblems. He said that yu cannt cmpletely change all the natural systems that living rganisms have grwn t depend n ver millins f years withut having effects cme back t affect ur wn health.
The new study suggests a way t lwer the nutritinal harm f climate change—t grw different frms f rice that have shwn t be mre resistant t higher carbn dixide levels.
25．Accrding t the latest study, hw d higher temperatures affect crps?
A．They remve the nutritin.B．They wrsen the quality.
C．They lwer the prductin.D．They decrease the species.
26．What can be inferred frm the text?
A．Asian crps cntain mre nutrients.B．Rice is grwn in restricted cnditins.
C．Crps grwn with lwer CO2 are healthier.D．Pr peple suffer a lt frm fd shrtage.
27．What des Sam Myers agree with?
A．Natural systems damage ur health.B．The nutritinal harm shuld be lwered.
C．Mre effects are caused by climate changes.D．Human activities result in health prblems.
28．What des the writer intend t d?
A．T intrduce a study.B．T clarify a fact.
C．T make a suggestin.D．T shw a cncern.
【答案】25．B 26．C 27．C 28．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一项研究表明，不断增加的温室气体可能会减少粮食作物的重要营养成分，对人们的身体健康造成影响，并提出了一种降低气候变化对营养危害的方法——种植不同形式的水稻。
25．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But scientists are finding that rising levels f carbn dixide and ther planet-warming gasses threaten fd quality.(但科学家们发现，二氧化碳和其他全球变暖气体水平的上升威胁着食品质量。)”可知，高温会让作物的质量变差。故选B项。
26．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Rice grwn under high carbn dixide cnditins had, n average, 13 t 30 percent lwer levels f fur B vitamins and 10 percent less prtein. The crps als had 8 percent less irn and 5 percent less zinc (锌) than rice grwn under nrmal cnditins.(在高二氧化碳条件下种植的水稻，四种维生素B的含量平均降低了13%到30%，蛋白质含量降低了10%。与正常条件下种植的水稻相比，这些作物的铁含量减少了8%，锌含量减少了5%(锌)。)”可知，在高二氧化碳下生长的水稻，其营养元素都有所降低，由此可知，在低二氧化碳条件下生长的水稻更健康。故选C项。
27．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“One scientist, Sam Myers f Harvard University f Massachusetts, US, said that findings like this are an example f the surprises climate change creates. “My cncern is, there are many mre surprises t cme,” he said.(美国哈佛大学马萨诸塞分校的科学家Sam Myers说，这样的发现是气候变化带来意外的一个例子。“我担心的是，还会有更多的意外发生，”他说。)”可知，Sam Myers认为这只是气候变化带来的震惊之一，他担心的是会有更多的震惊，由此可知，气候变化会带来很多的影响。故选C项。
28．推理判断题。根据首段中的“A new study shws that rising levels f planet-warming gasses may reduce imprtant nutrients in fd crps.(一项新的研究表明，使地球变暖的气体水平的上升可能会减少粮食作物中的重要营养物质。)”以及尾段中“The new study suggests a way t lwer the nutritinal harm f climate change—t grw different frms f rice that have shwn t be mre resistant t higher carbn dixide levels.(这项新研究提出了一种降低气候变化对营养危害的方法——种植不同形式的水稻，这些水稻已被证明对更高的二氧化碳水平具有更强的抵抗力。)”并结合下文中对该研究的介绍和分析，同时新研究提出的相应的解决方案可知，本文作者是介绍一项气候变暖针对作物质量影响的新研究。故选A项。
8.（2023·福建·统考模拟预测）Mst peple find sugar hard t resist. Our brains need lts f energy and sugary fds prvide plenty f it. But when calries are t readily available, it is easy t verd it. There has been n shrtage f research n sugar replacements withut the calries, but evidence frm animal and human studies has linked sme t weight gain. One prmising alternative is fund in the fruit f Synsepalum dulcificum (奇迹果), a plant native t West Africa. These s-called miracle berries dn’t taste sugary themselves, but if yu try smething sur afterwards it will taste unusually sweet.
In Benin, the fruit is eaten fresh and is mstly used as a sweetener t have with sur fds and drinks, says Dedeu frm a university in Benin. The berry with miraculin(奇迹果蛋白)is very appreciated by lcal cnsumers, especially the kids and peple with diabetes (糖尿病).
Despite the miracle berry’s prmise as a sugar replacement, it is nly prduced n a limited scale and isn’t available wrldwide. The berries dn’t travel well and the plant is slw t grw.
T create an alternative surce f miraculin, researchers at the University f Tsukuba in Japan have genetically engineered tmates t prduce the prtein, but this isn’t necessary, says Tchkpnhue whse team is wrking t help enlarge the prductin f miracle berries in West Africa. Earlier this year, a team at Hainan University in China published the genme(基因图谱)f Synsepalum dulcificum, which may help.
Spanish start-up Baia Fd has plans t prmte sustainable grwth f the plant in Ghana and market the dried berries. Yu can rder tablets f freeze-dried miracle berries nline but they are pricey, csting arund £18 fr a pack f 10. If yu can affrd it, the berry’s taste-twisting pwer is fun t try at hme. Let the tablet melt n yur tngue, then try tasting acidic fds such as lemns. The effect shuld last between 15 and 60 minutes.
29．What d we knw abut Synsepalum dulcificum?
A．It cntains high calries.
B．It is related t weight gain.
C．It tastes unusually sweet.
D．It serves as a sugar replacement
30．What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．Effrts made t btain mre miraculin.
B．Genme published t help d the research
C．Creatin advcated t prduce miracle berries.
D．Transfrmatins perfrmed t engineer tmates
31．What can we say abut tablets f freeze-dried miracle berries?
A．They are sur.B．They are inexpensive
C．They are accessibleD．They are prductive.
32．What is the authr’s attitude t getting the sugar alternative?
A．Dubtful.B．Optimistic.C．Defensive.D．Cnservative.
【答案】29．D 30．A 31．C 32．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，原产于西非的奇迹果有望成为糖的替代品。本文还介绍了一些国家为创造奇迹果蛋白的替代来源而做出的努力。
29．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“These s-called miracle berries dn’t taste sugary themselves, but if yu try smething sur afterwards it will taste unusually sweet. (这些所谓的奇迹浆果本身尝起来并不含糖，但如果你事后尝试一些酸的东西，它的味道会异常甜。)”以及第三段“Despite the miracle berry’s prmise as a sugar replacement, it is nly prduced n a limited scale and isn’t available wrldwide. (尽管奇迹果有望成为糖的替代品，但它的生产规模有限，而且不在全球范围内销售。)”可知，奇迹果可以替代糖。故选D。
30．主旨大意题。根据第四段“T create an alternative surce f miraculin, researchers at the University f Tsukuba in Japan have genetically engineered tmates t prduce the prtein, but this isn’t necessary…Earlier this year, a team at Hainan University in China published the genme(基因图谱)f Synsepalum dulcificum, which may help. (为了创造奇迹果蛋白的替代来源，日本Tsukuba大学的研究人员对西红柿进行了基因工程改造，以生产这种蛋白质，但这不是必要的……今年早些时候，中国海南大学的一个团队发表了硬骨合瓣的基因组，这可能会有所帮助。)”可知，第4段的主要介绍了为获得更多奇迹蛋白所做的努力。故选A。
31．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Yu can rder tablets f freeze-dried miracle berries nline but they are pricey, csting arund £18 fr a pack f 10. (你可以在网上订购冷冻干燥的奇迹果片，但价格昂贵，每包10片售价约18英镑。)”可知，干的奇迹果片是可以买到的。故选C。
32．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Earlier this year, a team at Hainan University in China published the genme(基因图谱)f Synsepalum dulcificum, which may help. (今年早些时候，中国海南大学的一个团队发表了硬骨合瓣的基因组，这可能会有所帮助。)”以及最后一段“Spanish start-up Baia Fd has plans t prmte sustainable grwth f the plant in Ghana and market the dried berries. (西班牙初创企业Baia Fd计划在加纳促进该工厂的可持续发展，并销售干浆果。)”可知，作者对获得替代糖持乐观态度。故选B。
9.（2023·山东聊城·统考三模）After a year f severe drught, Califrnia has seen an abundance f rain since late autumn. Abby Wines, a ranger (护林员) at Death Valley Natinal Park in suthern Califrnia, predicted that the heavy rainfall wuld bring us the pprtunity t witness ne f nature’s mst spectacular displays f clr and life — a superblm — in 2023.
A superblm refers t a large amunt f wildflwer grwth that exceeds the average level fr a typical spring. It is actually a rare phenmenn that usually takes place in exceptinally wet winters. Seeds that may have slept in desert sil fr years finally receive enugh water t blssm in mre abundant numbers than yu wuld see in a typical year.
The sight f the superblm is truly breathtaking. Fields f gld, range, and purple flwers stretch as far as the eye can see, creating a blanket f clrs that can be seen frm space.
Hwever, climate change makes the phenmenn increasingly rare. In the distant past, these blms were ften excellent and enrmus. As develpment pushes farther ut, mre landscapes have been changed t agriculture, and as invasive plants utcmpetes the native seedlings, many f Califrnia’s spring flwer fields are disappearing. In additin, thusands f turists smetimes step n the flwers and sil, which harms the plant’s ability t adapt and thrive.
Nami Fraga, directr f cnservatin at the Califrnia Btanic Garden, pints ut that in prmting these lcatins where massive blms take place, there isn’t a lt f additinal infrmatin abut hw these are actually very fragile (脆弱的) ecsystems. Instead f prmting and sharing specific lcatins, it’s imprtant t educate the public abut the fragility f the ecsystems and the imprtance f staying n trails which peple are allwed t enter.
33．What is the key t a superblm accrding t Abby Wines?
A．Desert sil.B．Warm climate.
C．Sufficient rainfall.D．High-quality seeds.
34．What des the underlined wrd “exceeds” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Equals t.B．Ges beynd.
C．Cuts dwn.D．Sets up.
35．What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．Reasns fr the superblm being rare.
B．Factrs in plants’ adapting t the envirnment.
C．The relatinship between climate and plants grwing.
D．The effect f agricultural develpment n plants flwering.
36．What des Nami Fraga advcate?
A．Prmting lcal turism by advertising superblms.
B．Recmmending turists perfect trails t enjy a superblm.
C．Strengthening the management f Califrnia Btanic Garden.
D．Leading the public t fcus mre n the eclgical envirnment.
【答案】33．C 34．B 35．A 36．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加州自深秋以来的强降雨预计将在2023年带来超级盛开，这是一种罕见的现象，并解释了这种现象的原因。
33．细节理解题。根据第一段“After a year f severe drught, Califrnia has seen an abundance f rain since late autumn. Abby Wines, a ranger (护林员) at Death Valley Natinal Park in suthern Califrnia, predicted that the heavy rainfall wuld bring us the pprtunity t witness ne f nature’s mst spectacular displays f clr and life — a superblm — in 2023. (在经历了一年的严重干旱之后，加州自深秋以来迎来了大量降雨。南加州死亡谷国家公园的护林员艾比·瓦恩斯预测，这场暴雨将使我们有机会在2023年见证大自然最壮观的色彩和生命展示之一——超级盛开。)”可知，艾比·瓦恩斯认为，绽放的关键是雨量充足。故选C。
34．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Seeds that may have slept in desert sil fr years finally receive enugh water t blssm in mre abundant numbers than yu wuld see in a typical year. (在沙漠土壤中沉睡多年的种子终于获得了足够的水分，开花数量比你在典型年份看到的要多。)”可知，结合画线句，“超级盛开”指的是大量野花的生长超过了一个典型春季的平均水平。所以exceeds为“超过”之意。故选B。
35．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Hwever, climate change makes the phenmenn increasingly rare. In the distant past, these blms were ften excellent and enrmus. As develpment pushes farther ut, mre landscapes have been changed t agriculture, and as invasive plants utcmpetes the native seedlings, many f Califrnia’s spring flwer fields are disappearing. In additin, thusands f turists smetimes step n the flwers and sil, which harms the plant’s ability t adapt and thrive. (然而，气候变化使这种现象越来越罕见。在遥远的过去，这些花往往是美丽而巨大的。随着发展向更远的地方推进，越来越多的景观变成了农业，随着入侵植物的竞争超过了本地幼苗，加州的许多春花田正在消失。此外，成千上万的游客有时会踩到花和土壤，这损害了植物的适应和茁壮成长的能力。)”可知，本段主要介绍超级开花罕见的原因。故选A。
36．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Nami Fraga, directr f cnservatin at the Califrnia Btanic Garden, pints ut that in prmting these lcatins where massive blms take place, there isn’t a lt f additinal infrmatin abut hw these are actually very fragile (脆弱的) ecsystems. Instead f prmting and sharing specific lcatins, it’s imprtant t educate the public abut the fragility f the ecsystems and the imprtance f staying n trails which peple are allwed t enter. (加州植物园的保护主任娜奥米·弗拉加指出，在宣传这些大规模开花的地方时，并没有很多关于这些生态系统实际上是多么脆弱的额外信息。与其宣传和分享特定的地点，不如教育公众生态系统的脆弱性，以及在允许人们进入的小径上行走的重要性。)”可推断，娜奥米·弗拉提倡引导公众更加关注生态环境。故选D。
10.（2023·山东潍坊·统考模拟预测）Curisity affects everything frm ur relatinships t ur educatin, but it’s nt easy t study it. With the help f Wikipedia thugh, researchers have nw dne just that, explring tw main types f curisity.
The resulting study was able t divide the individuals int tw previusly identified types, as far as curisity ges: the ‘busybdy’ wh explres a lt f diverse infrmatin, and the ‘hunter’ wh stays n a mre fcused track when it cmes t gaining knwledge.
“Wikipedia allwed bth intrverts (内向) and extrverts t have equal pprtunity in curius practice, a limitatin in ther studies f curisity, while the ad-free search engine allwed individuals t truly be captains f their wn curisity ships,” says biphysicist Daņielle Bassett, frm the University f Pennsylvania.
By recrding pages as ndes (节点) and analysing hw clsely they were related, Bassett and her clleagues were able t find bth busybdies and hunters in their pl f vlunteers — thse wh tended t jump all arund Wikipedia and thse wh were mre likely t stay n clsely related pages.
Hwever, the participants didn’t always stick t ne type f behaviur r the ther, and t find ut why the researchers used a wellbeing questinnaire given t the participants befre the study began, cvering tpics like seeking ut scial interactin and tlerating stress. Based n the surveys, a need t fill specific knwledge gaps seemed t drive hunter-style behaviur, while a desire t seek ut brand new infrmatin was an indicatr f a busybdy-style f Wikipedia brwsing (浏览) — taking larger leaps (跳跃) between ndes r pages. “We assume that a switch frm hunter t busybdy style might arise due t sensatin seeking, r the tendency t pursue nvel and exciting Infrmatin,” says Bassett.
These findings can be useful in a number f ways, including in infrming appraches t teaching. Curisity is als linked t emtinal wellbeing: peple wh are mre curius tend t be mre satisfied with life and less anxius. By making sure infrmatin is available in ways that are accessible, we can encurage curisity and prmte cntentment at the same time.
37．Why did the researchers use Wikipedia t d their study?
A．It culd aruse a higher level f curisity.
B．It charged n fees fr brwsing infrmatin.
C．It enabled intrverts t switch t extrverts.
D．It caused n disturbance t study participants.
38．What did the researchers find ut abut busybdies?
A．They tk smaller leaps between pages.
B．They tended t brwse lsely cnnected infrmatin.
C．They were anxius t narrw specific knwledge gaps.
D．They were mre likely t stick t their type f behavir.
39．What may drive hunters t becme busybdies?
A．The desire t seek nvelty.
B．A reductin in sensatin seeking.
C．A wish t knw like-minded individuals.
D．The need t dive deeply int a certain tpic.
40．What’s the cnsequence f prmting peple’s curisity?
A．Well-runded individuals.
B．Increased feelings f cntentment.
C．Greater ability t figure ut prblems.
D．Mre chances t becme tp teachers.
【答案】37．D 38．B 39．A 40．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章揭示了在维基百科的帮助下研究者所做的关于两种主要的好奇心类型的研究，并得出结论：培养好奇心有助于人们焦虑的减轻和生活满足感的增加。
37．推理判断题。根据第三段““Wikipedia allwed bth intrverts (内向) and extrverts t have equal pprtunity in curius practice, a limitatin in ther studies f curisity, while the ad-tree search engine allwed individuals t truly be captains f their wn curisity ships,” says biphysicist Daņielle Bassett, frm the University f Pennsylvania.(“维基百科允许内向者和外向者在好奇心实践中有平等的机会，这是其他好奇心研究的局限，而无广告搜索引擎允许个人真正成为自己好奇心船的船长，”宾夕法尼亚大学的生物物理学家Daņielle Bassett说)”可知，他们使用维基百科进行这项研究的一个原因是，维基百科上没有广告，参与研究的人员可以做自己好奇心的主人来进行网页浏览。由此推知，维基百科不会对参与研究的人员好奇心形成干扰。故选D项。
38．细节理解题。根据第二段“the ‘busybdy’ wh explres a lt f diverse infrmatin(探索大量不同信息的“好事的人”)”及第五段“while a desire t seek ut brand new infrmatin was an indicatr f a busybdy-style f Wikipedia brwsing (浏览) — taking larger leaps (跳跃) between ndes r pages.(而寻求全新信息的愿望是维基百科浏览的好事的人的一个标志——在节点或页面之间发生了更大的跳跃)”可知，好事的人喜欢跳转到不同的页面去探索大量信息。由此可知，他们倾向于浏览松散连接的信息。故选B项。
39．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““We assume that a switch frm hunter t busybdy style might arise due t sensatin seeking, r the tendency t pursue nvel and exciting Infrmatin,” says Bassett.(“我们认为，从猎人风格到好事风格的转变可能是由于寻求感觉，或者追求新颖和令人兴奋的信息的倾向，”巴塞特说)”可知，对于寻求新奇的渴望可能促使猎人风格到好事者风格的转变。故选A项。
40．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Curisity is als linked t emtinal wellbeing: peple wh are mre curius tend t be mre satisfied with life and less anxius.(好奇心也与情绪健康有关：好奇心更强的人往往对生活更满意，焦虑更少)”可知，好奇心越强越会使人获得更多满足感。由此推知，激发人们的好奇心会增强人们的满足感。故选B项。