热点07 生态环保之阅读理解押题-2024年高考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练（新高考专用）

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说明文是对事物或事理进行客观说明的一种文体，它以说明为主要表达方式，通过解说事物或阐明事理，达到教人以知识的目的，在结构上往往采用总分、递进等方式按一定的顺序(如时间、空间、从现象到本质)进行说明。
阅读说明文的重点在于读懂它说明的事物或事理，了解事物的性质、构造、成因、功能等，了解事理的含意、特点等。最近五年，说明文的出现变化不大，一直很稳定，选材通常是各学科的前沿问题;高科技领域的科研成果;人们比较关心的社会问题，人文方面的经典。由于阅读理解题的设置采用渐进式，即由简到难的方式，因此说明文是高考试卷中阅读理解题中相对比较难的，通常后置。阅读理解试题的中要考点之一是考查学生对词汇和句式的掌握。
说明文的词汇和句式的运用较别的体裁的文章难度更大。词汇运用灵活，同一词的不同词性的用法交替出现，未列入考纲的生词较多，通常达到了 4-5%。不过考生可以通过说明文的语言特点来帮助理解语篇，例如，下定义、解释、举例、同义词、反义词、上下义词以及标点符号(如破折号、冒号都有表示解释和说明)等。
典例分析
（2023·新高考I卷B）When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right cmbinatin f animals and plants, he figured, maybe he culd clean up waste the way nature did. He decided t build what he wuld later call an ec-machine.
The task Jhn set fr himself was t remve harmful substances frm sme sludge (污泥). First, he cnstructed a series f clear fiberglass tanks cnnected t each ther. Then he went arund t lcal pnds and streams and brught back sme plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds f life gt used t ne anther and frmed their wn ecsystem. After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China.
“Eclgical design” is the name Jhn gives t what he des. “Life n Earth is kind f a bx f spare parts fr the inventr,” he says. “Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what’s happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair.”
1．What can we learn abut Jhn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．He was fnd f traveling.B．He enjyed being alne.
C．He had an inquiring mind.D．He lnged t be a dctr.
2．Why did Jhn put the sludge int the tanks?
A．T feed the animals.B．T build an ecsystem.
C．T prtect the plants.D．T test the ec-machine.
3．What is the authr’s purpse in mentining Fuzhu?
A．T review Jhn’s research plans.B．T shw an applicatin f Jhn’s idea.
C．T cmpare Jhn’s different jbs.D．T erase dubts abut Jhn’s inventin.
4．What is the basis fr Jhn’s wrk?
A．Nature can repair itself.B．Organisms need water t survive.
C．Life n Earth is diverse.D．Mst tiny creatures live in grups.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Jhn Tdd从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making. (当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱)”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? (在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge. (几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去)”以及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. (他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃了起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯净水)”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China. (这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what’s happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair. (你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式)”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。
（建议用时：8分钟/篇）
1.（2023·辽宁·统考三模）With an abundance f sun and wind, Spain is psitining itself as Eurpe’s future leader in green hydrgen prductin t clean up heavy industries. But sme energy experts express cautin because this prcess relies n massive availability f zer-carbn electricity.
Green hydrgen is created when renewable energy surces pwer an electrical current that runs thrugh water, separating its hydrgen and xygen mlecules (分子). The prcess desn’t prduce planet-warming carbn dixide, but less than 0.1% f glbal hydrgen prductin is currently created in this way.
The separated hydrgen can be used in the prductin f steel, ammnia (氨) and chemical prducts, all f which require industrial prcesses that are harder t stp fssil fuels. Hydrgen als can be used as a transprtatin fuel, which culd ne day transfrm the highly plluting shipping and aviatin sectrs.
Spain’s large, windswept and thinly ppulated territry receives mre than 2,500 hurs f sunshine n average per year, prviding ideal cnditins fr wind and slar energy, and therefre green hydrgen prductin.
“If yu lk at where hydrgen is ging t be prduced in Eurpe in the next millin years, it’s in tw cuntries, Spain and Prtugal,” said Thierry Lepercq, the funder and president f HyDeal Ambitin, an industry platfrm bringing tgether 30 cmpanies. “Hydrgen is the new il.”
Lepercq is wrking with cmpanies like Spanish gas pipeline crpratin Enagas and glbal steel giant ArcelrMittal t design an end-t-end mdel fr hydrgen prductin, distributin and supply at a cmpetitive price. Criticism has centered n green hydrgen’s higher cst cmpared with highly-plluting “gray hydrgen” drawn frm natural gas. Lepercq argues that slar energy prduced in Spain is priced lw enugh t cmpete.
Glbally, Lepercq said, “Electricity is 20% f energy cnsumptin. What abut the 80% that is nt electrified? ... Yu need t replace thse fssil fuels. Nt in 50 years’ time. Yu need t replace them nw.”
1．Why are sme experts cautius abut green hydrgen prductin in Spain?
A．It needs large amunts f sun and wind.B．It has an effect n heavy industries.
C．It causes cnflicts amng cuntries.D．It uses lts f zer-carbn electricity.
2．What is the advantage f green hydrgen prductin in Spain?
A．Ideal gegraphical cnditins.B．The supprt frm gvernment.
C．Hydrgen prductin technlgy.D．Well-develped public transprts.
3．What can be inferred abut green hydrgen in Spain accrding t Lepercq?
A．It is highly priced.B．It is easy t stre.
C．It is cmpetitive.D．It is highly-plluting.
4．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．Spain manages t use zer-carbn electricity.B．Spain struggles t lead EU in heavy industry.
C．Spain takes the lead in preventing air pllutin.D．Spain replaces fssil fuel with green hydrgen.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．D
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了凭借充足的阳光和风，西班牙将成为欧洲绿色氢生产的未来领导者。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“But sme energy experts express cautin because this prcess relies n massive availability f zer-carbn electricity.(但一些能源专家表示谨慎，因为这一过程依赖于零碳电力的大量可用性)”可知，一些能源专家表示谨慎是因为这一过程依赖于零碳电力的大量可用性。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Spain’s large, windswept and thinly ppulated territry receives mre than 2,500 hurs f sunshine n average per year, prviding ideal cnditins fr wind and slar energy, and therefre green hydrgen prductin.(西班牙面积大，多风，人口稀少，每年平均日照超过2500小时，为风能和太阳能提供了理想的条件，因此也为绿色氢生产提供了理想的条件)”可知，西班牙绿色氢生产的一大优势就是其优越的地理条件。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Lepercq is wrking with cmpanies like Spanish gas pipeline crpratin Enagas and glbal steel giant ArcelrMittal t design an end-t-end mdel fr hydrgen prductin, distributin and supply at a cmpetitive price. Criticism has centered n green hydrgen’s higher cst cmpared with highly-plluting “gray hydrgen” drawn frm natural gas. Lepercq argues that slar energy prduced in Spain is priced lw enugh t cmpete.(Lepercq正在与西班牙天然气管道公司Enagas和全球钢铁巨头ArcelrMittal公司合作，设计一种端到端的氢气生产、分销和供应模式，价格具有竞争力。批评的焦点是，与从天然气中提取的高污染“灰氢”相比，绿色氢的成本更高。Lepercq认为，西班牙生产的太阳能价格足够低，具有竞争力)”可知，Lepercq认为西班牙的绿氢生产极具竞争性。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“With an abundance f sun and wind, Spain is psitining itself as Eurpe’s future leader in green hydrgen (氢气) prductin t clean up heavy industries.(凭借充足的阳光和风，西班牙将自己定位为清洁重工业的绿色氢生产的欧洲的未来领导者)”以及第四段“Spain’s large, windswept and thinly ppulated territry receives mre than 2,500 hurs f sunshine n average per year, prviding ideal cnditins fr wind and slar energy, and therefre green hydrgen prductin.(西班牙面积大，多风，人口稀少，每年平均日照超过2500小时，为风能和太阳能提供了理想的条件，因此也为绿色氢生产提供了理想的条件)”根据最后一段“Yu need t replace thse fssil fuels. Nt in 50 years’ time. Yu need t replace them nw.”（你需要替代那些化石燃料）可知，本文主要介绍的是西班牙凭借充足的阳光和风打算用绿色氢来取代化石燃料。由此可知，D选项“西班牙用绿色氢取代化石燃料”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。
2.（2023·江苏·统考二模）On a ht summer afternn alng the Mandavi River, Shweta Hule wraps her sari arund her ankles and bends t pick wild “weeds” frm the river and drp them int a bwl. The plants will be made int fritters (炸果饼), t be served at the little restaurant attached t the B&B Hule manages in the Indian castal twn f Vengurla.
Wild edible (可食用的) plants are cmmn in kitchens here. Hule’s weed is juicy, which is fund in mangrve frests. Harvesting sme f the plant is helping cnserve the mangrves, a glbally endangered ecsystem f salt-tlerant trees that stp castal ersin (侵蚀) and absrb strm damage.
Hule is head f Swamini, a self-help grup set up by nine wmen frm a fishing cmmunity in Vengurla wh started Mandavi Ec Turism in 2017. Vengurla is knwn fr its beautiful beaches and seafd, but the climate crisis has made fishing fr a living unsustainable, s peple are trying t find ther surces f incme. They came up with the idea f running mangrve safaris (观光游) fr turists in Vengurla’s Mandavi River.
The safaris ffer visitrs a unique hur-lng tur f the mangrves. Fd has als becme a key attractin: lcal spicy ccnut curries, with hmegrwn r wild vegetables. Turists are encuraged t g crabbing, and their catch is cked and served.
Hule nly discvered recently that the weed was edible when she met turists frm anther castal city. She researched these leaves and learned that the salty plant is rich in vitamins. She made her wn versin f the fritters, with chickpea flur, and presented it at the wild vegetable festival. “It was an instant hit. This bsted the cnfidence t include these fritters in ur restaurant menu,” says Hule.
Swamini’s ldging huse als serves vegetarian meals and plates f fish and crab surced frm the river. “The satisfactin after the visitrs enjy ur meal is the real currency. We had guests frm Lndn wh were s happy with ur fd that they tk dwn the recipe. Such peple help ur business grw. What mre can we want?” says Hule.
5．Which f the fllwing can best describe the example f Shweta Hule?
A．D as the Rmans d.
B．Strike while the irn is ht.
C．Kill tw birds with ne stne.
D．Bite ff mre than yu can chew.
6．What des Swamini ffer t visitrs?
A．Ec-turs and accmmdatin.
B．Fishing guide service.
C．Vegetable grwing techniques.
D．Hands-n cking classes.
7．Why were Hule’s fritters well-received?
A．They were less expensive.
B．They were traditinal.
C．They had their wn features.
D．They gt strngly prmted.
8．Hw did Hule feel abut turists’ btaining her fd recipe?
A．Lst.B．Prud.C．Wrried.D．Curius.
【答案】5．C 6．A 7．C 8．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Shweta Hule和几位妇女创办Swamini为游客提供生态旅游和有当地特色的食宿的故事。他们的举动不仅帮助当地人增加了收入，还在一定程度上保护了红树林。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段的“bends t pick wild “weeds” frm the river and drp them int a bwl. The plants will be made int fritters (炸果饼), t be served at the little restaurant attached t the B&B Hule manages in the Indian castal twn f Vengurla.(弯腰从河里拣起野生的“杂草”，扔进一个碗里。这些植物将被制成炸果饼，供应给在胡勒在印度沿海城镇文古拉经营的民旅馆附属小餐馆)”和第二段“Wild edible (可食用的) plants are cmmn in kitchens here. Hule’s weed is juicy, which is fund in mangrve frests. Harvesting sme f the plant is helping cnserve the mangrves, a glbally endangered ecsystem f salt-tlerant trees that stp castal ersin (侵蚀) and absrb strm damage.(野生可食用植物在这里的厨房里很常见。Hule的杂草多汁，这种草生长在红树林中。收割一些这种植物有助于保护红树林，这是一种全球濒危的耐盐树木生态系统，可以阻止海岸侵蚀并吸收风暴破坏)”可知，这些杂草可以被制成食物，而且除掉它们有助于保护红树林，由此推知，Shweta Hule的例子可以说是一举两得。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Hule is head f Swamini, a self-help grup set up by nine wmen frm a fishing cmmunity in Vengurla wh started Mandavi Ec Turism in 2017.(Hule是Swamini的负责人，这是一个自助组织，由文古拉一个渔业社区的九名妇女成立，她们于2017年创办了Mandavi生态旅游)”和第四段“The safaris ffer visitrs a unique hur-lng tur f the mangrves. Fd has als becme a key attractin: lcal spicy ccnut curries, with hmegrwn r wild vegetables. Turists are encuraged t g crabbing, and their catch is cked and served.(野生动物园为游客提供了一个独特的长达一小时的红树林之旅。食物也成为了一个关键的吸引力：当地的辛辣椰子咖喱，配以本土或野生蔬菜。游客们被鼓励去捕螃蟹，他们捕获的东西被煮熟后端上桌)”以及最后一段第一句“Swamini’s ldging huse als serves vegetarian meals and plates f fish and crab surced frm the river.（斯瓦米尼的旅馆还供应素食，以及从河里捕来的鱼和螃蟹）”可知， Swamini给游客提供生态旅游和食宿。故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Hule nly discvered recently that the weed was edible when she met turists frm anther castal city. She researched these leaves and learned that the salty plant is rich in vitamins. She made her wn versin f the fritters, with chickpea flur, and presented it at the wild vegetable festival.(Hule最近才发现这种杂草是可以食用的，当时她遇到了来自另一个沿海城市的游客。她研究了这些叶子，了解到这种咸味植物富含维生素。她用鹰嘴豆粉做了自己版本的炸果饼，并在野菜节上展出)”可知，Hule的炸果饼受欢迎是因为它们有当地的特色。故选C。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段的““The satisfactin after the visitrs enjy ur meal is the real currency. We had guests frm Lndn wh were s happy with ur fd that they tk dwn the recipe. Such peple help ur business grw. What mre can we want?” says Hule.(Hule说：“游客们享用我们的饭菜后的满足感才是真正的货币。我们有来自伦敦的客人，他们对我们的食物非常满意，所以他们把食谱记了下来。这些人帮助我们的业务发展。我们还想要什么？”)”推知，Hule对游客想得到他们的食谱感到非常自豪。故选B。
3.（2023·广东梅州·统考三模）Farming is destrying the planet. But there culd be a much mre envirnmentally friendly way t feed urselves: using renewable energy t turn carbn dixide (CO2) int fd.
“This is becming a reality,” says Pasi Vainikka at Slar Fds. The cmpany is building the first cmmercial-scale factry, near Helsinki in Finland, which will be able t make fd directly frm CO2.
At the factry, renewable electricity will be used t break dwn water t prduce hydrgen and xygen. The hydrgen will be added t large cntainers, where the bacteria grw, alng with CO2 and ammnia(NH3) t prvide carbn and nitrgen separately. Sme f the CO2 will be taken directly frm the air at a visitrs’ centre at the factry, Vainikka says, and the rest will cme frm industrial surces. The end result will be a yellw pwder called Slein that is made f bacterial cells and is up t 70 per cent prtein. It can be used as an ingredient in all kinds f fds, frm meat alternatives t grains and snacks. “We are aiming at replacing animal-surced prteins, which we think have the highest envirnmental impact,” says Vainikka.
Slein was apprved as a fd ingredient in Singapre in Octber 2022, and Slar Fds is awaiting apprval in the UK, the Eurpean Unin and the US.
Cmpared with plant crps, Slein will use 100 times less water per kilgram f prtein prduced, 20 times less land—including the land used fr energy prductin—and prduce a fifth as much CO2, accrding t Slar Fds. Cmpared with beef, a kilgram f prtein can be prduced using 600 times less water and 200 times less land, again cunting the land used fr energy prductin, while prducing 200 times less CO2, says the cmpany.
There are ther benefits, t: factries culd be situated anywhere in the wrld and prductin wn’t be affected by weather extremes. “With Slar Fds and ther cmpanies scaling up(扩大) their systems, this is truly stepping in a new age f agriculture,” says Drian Leger at Cnnectmix Bi in Germany.
9．What can we learn abut Slein frm paragraph 3?
A．It was used as feed fr animals at first.B．Up t 70 per cent f it can be recycled.
C．It is made frm hydrgen and xygen.D．It can be applied t fd prductin.
10．What advantage des Slein have in prducing a kil f prtein?
A．It uses 600 times less land than beef.B．It prduces 200 times less CO2 than beef.
C．It uses 200 times less water than plant crps.D．It prduces 100 times less CO2 than plant crps.
11．What is Drian Leger’s attitude twards the future f Slein?
A．Psitive.B．Dubtful.C．Ambiguus.D．Tlerant.
12．Which can be the best title fr the text?
A．CO2 can be recycled t stimulate lcal ecnmy
B．New fd strategy reduces big questins n health
C．A factry will start making green fd frm air and electricity
D．Campaigners recmmend ways t reduce climate impact f farming
【答案】9．D 10．B 11．A 12．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了芬兰食品科技公司Slar Fds制造新型蛋白质，以缓解农业给环境带来的压力。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It can be used as an ingredient in all kinds f fds, frm meat alternatives t grains and snacks. “We are aiming at replacing animal-surced prteins, which we think have the highest envirnmental impact,” says Vainikka.(它可以作为各种食物的原料，从肉类替代品到谷物和零食。“我们的目标是取代动物性蛋白质，我们认为动物性蛋白质对环境的影响最大，”Vainikka说。)”可知，Slein可以用作各种食物的原料，以此来取代动物性蛋白质，由此可知，Slein可以用于食物生产。故选D项。
10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Cmpared with beef, a kilgram f prtein can be prduced using 600 times less water and 200 times less land, again cunting the land used fr energy prductin, while prducing 200 times less CO2, says the cmpany.(该公司表示，与牛肉相比，生产一公斤蛋白质所需的水减少了600倍，土地减少了200倍(再算上用于能源生产的土地)，同时产生的二氧化碳减少了200倍。)”可知，每生产一公斤蛋白质，Slein制造的二氧化碳是使用牛肉制造的减少了200倍。故选B项。
11．推理判断题。根据“There are ther benefits, t: factries culd be situated anywhere in the wrld and prductin wn’t be affected by weather extremes. “With Slar Fds and ther cmpanies scaling up(扩大) their systems, this is truly stepping in a new age f agriculture,” says Drian Leger at Cnnectmix Bi in Germany.(德国Cnnectmix Bi的Drian Leger说：“随着太阳能食品公司和其他公司扩大他们的系统，这真的进入了一个新的农业时代。”。)”可知，Drian Leger认为随着Slein等公司不断扩大他们的系统，这真的进入一个新的农业时代，由此可知，Drian Leger对Slein的未来持肯定态度。故选A项。
12．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“But there culd be a much mre envirnmentally friendly way t feed urselves: using renewable energy t turn carbn dixide (CO2) int fd.(但是，有一种更环保的方式可以养活我们自己:利用可再生能源将二氧化碳转化为食物。)”可知，本文首段引出本文的话题为我们可以利用可再生能源把二氧化碳转化为食物，以及第二段中的““This is becming a reality,” says Pasi Vainikka at Slar Fds. The cmpany is building the first cmmercial-scale factry, near Helsinki in Finland, which will be able t make fd directly frm CO2.(“这正在成为现实，”太阳能食品公司的Pasi Vainikka说。该公司正在芬兰赫尔辛基附近建造第一个商业规模的工厂，该工厂将能够直接利用二氧化碳生产食品。)”以及下文中对该公司的介绍可知，一家公司正在建造一家商业规模的工厂，将用电分离出氢气，使其和二氧化碳等发生反应，产生“绿色”蛋白质，从而减少农业对环境的损害，所以本文的标题为“工厂将开始用空气和电力生产绿色食品”符合文章内容，且概括了本段的主题。故选C项。
4.（2023·河北·统考二模）One aspect f the clean-energy change will happen inside buildings. Many hmes and businesses burn natural gas fr heating and cking. Natural gas gives ut greenhuse gases as well as ther pllutants that can harm health. Gas appliances (家用电器) can be replaced by electric versins and tap int clean electricity.
Panama Barthlmy is the directr f the Building Decarbnizatin Calitin. His grup, based in Petaluma, Calif., fcuses n limiting gas emissins indrs. “We assume the electric grid (输电网) is getting cleaner ver time, which it is. S, we want mre and mre f ur heating t cme frm electricity.”
It’s much easier t make these types f transitins when gvernments recmmend them, says Beth Miller. She is an eclgist and cnsultant with Gd Cmpany. Based in Eugene, Ore., it helps cmpanies and cmmunities reduce their carbn ftprint. Sme states are already taking steps t make these changes. On September 22, fr instance, Califrnia decided it wuld ban the sale f gas-fired space heaters and water heaters by 2030.
After hmes and businesses make the switch t electric alternatives, they will be mre cmfrtable, says Barthlmy. They will be safer and cleaner, t, he adds. Instead f a gas furnace(燃气炉), an electric heat pump culd bth heat and cl a hme. Gas heaters and stves wn’t be pumping pllutin int a hme’s air. And cks will have even mre cntrl n a mdern electric cker than n a gas stve says Barthlmy.
Getting natural gas ut f yur hme is prbably the largest psitive impact yu can have fr the planet, Barthlmy says. “We all need t fight fr a livable climate. There is n way t meet ur climate gals while still burning gas in buildings. Fr a livable future, we must take measures t stp burning natural gas, thugh we knw we have a lng way t g.” And the bnus: It nw lks like ding that shuld als save peple a lt f mney.
13．What is the clean energy change?
A．Using natural gas fr heating.B．Using natural gas t bil water.
C．Using electric ckers at hme.D．Using electric lights inside buildings.
14．What des the underlined wrd “transitins” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Prmises.B．Plans.C．Changes.D．Decisins.
15．What can be inferred frm Paragraph 4?
A．Hmes will be safer.B．Gas stves will be replaced sn.
C．Hmes’ air will have mre pllutants.D．Cks prefer t use traditinal ckers.
16．What is the best title f the text?
A．Clean-energy ChangeB．Electricity Use
C．Make Use f Natural GasD．Save Yur Mney at Hme
【答案】13．C 14．C 15．A 16．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述将会在建筑内部发生清洁能源的改变，燃气设备将被电动设备取代以及利用清洁能源的好处。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段“One aspect f the clean-energy change will happen inside buildings. Many hmes and businesses burn natural gas fr heating and cking. Natural gas gives ut greenhuse gases as well as ther pllutants that can harm health. Gas appliances (家用电器) can be replaced by electric versins and tap int clean electricity. (清洁能源变化的一个方面将发生在建筑内部。许多家庭和企业烧天然气取暖和做饭。天然气释放出温室气体以及其他有害健康的污染物。燃气家用电器可以被电动家用电器取代，并利用清洁电力)”可知，使用电动家用电器就是在使用清洁能源。故选C。
14．词义猜测题。根据第二段“We assume the electric grid (输电网) is getting cleaner ver time, which it is. S, we want mre and mre f ur heating t cme frm electricity. (我们假设电网会随着时间的推移变得越来越清洁，事实也确实如此。所以，我们希望越来越多的供暖来自电力)”可推测，划线句子意思是：贝丝·米勒(Beth Miller)说，在政府的推荐下，进行这类转变要容易得多。由此可知transitins意为“转变”，和C选项同义，故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据第四段“After hmes and businesses make the switch t electric alternatives, they will be mre cmfrtable, says Barthlmy. They will be safer and cleaner, t, he adds. (Barthlmy说，在家庭和企业改用电力替代品之后，它们会更舒适。他补充说，它们也会更安全、更清洁)”可推知，家将会更安全。故选A。
16．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其第一段“One aspect f the clean-energy change will happen inside buildings. Many hmes and businesses burn natural gas fr heating and cking. Natural gas gives ut greenhuse gases as well as ther pllutants that can harm health. Gas appliances (家用电器) can be replaced by electric versins and tap int clean electricity. (清洁能源变化的一个方面将发生在建筑内部。许多家庭和企业烧天然气取暖和做饭。天然气释放出温室气体以及其他有害健康的污染物。燃气家用电器可以被电动家用电器取代，并利用清洁电力)”可知，文章主要讲述将会在建筑内部发生清洁能源的改变，燃气设备将被电动设备取代以及利用清洁能源的好处。由此可知，A选项“清洁能源变革”符合文章主旨。故选A。
5.（2023·山东潍坊·统考二模）Michael Gnsalves, a chef f Glden Oak at Disney Wrld, has a cuisine cncept rted in fresh, lcally-surced ingredients that riginated frm childhd harvesting prduce frm their family garden with his mm t eventually leading kitchens at Walt Disney Wrld Resrts t emply a sustainable mdel.
“Truly the whle prcess starts with menu planning,” he said. Creating ne dish leads int the creatin f many mre thrugh the end-t-end use f prducts. As chefs, they are always searching fr the best ingredients. It is then their fcus t ensure they appreciate and respect all that g int each and every ne f them. Fr example, they surce chicken that is naturally grwn and fed n a natural plant frward diet, n hrmnes (激素) r additives — that’s used in many ways thrughut menus frm a simple grilled chicken breast t bne sup. Nthing ges t waste.
When they d have waste, even if minimal, they shift it frm landfills t transfrm it int cmpst (堆肥) that’s then used acrss the Walt Disney Wrld prperty. They als supprt Secnd Harvest, a lcal cmmunity fd bank where healthy prduce, prepared, but nt served, meals eatable fr human cnsumptin are dnated. Disney als wrks with pig farmers when they can’t distribute fds past the pint f safety fr human cnsumptin. Besides, wildlife reservatins lve t get the meat because tigers and wild cats can still eat that.
Their peratins are “n a path t a sustainable zer waste kitchen f tmrrw” where chefs learn the full-life cycle f plants frm seed t plate and gain a better understanding and appreciatin fr the prduct and their craft.
Glden Oak at Disney has millins f bees that prduce up t 300 punds f hney per year, plus thse bees help with crss pllinatin (授粉) f their gardens n a daily basis. They advcate a culture that helps develp nt nly the quality f fd, but an appreciatin fr nature.
17．Where did Michael Gnsalves’ idea abut cuisine cme frm?
A．His mm’s suggestins.B．His dream f becming a chef.
C．His interest in delicius fd.D．His labr experience as a child.
18．Hw are the ingredients dealt with in Glden Oak?
A．They are grilled t eat.B．They are used t the fullest.
C．They are divided int grups.D．They are selected by quality.
19．What des the authr intend t d in paragraph 3?
A．Give examples abut zer waste.
B．Intrduce the unique habit f wildlife.
C．Stress the imprtance f natural fd.
D．Explain the peratin mde f the fd bank.
20．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Disney Wrld:New Cuisine Rad
B．Michael Gnsalves:Creative Chef
C．Michael Gnsalves:Advcate f Fd Diversity
D．Disney Wrld:Pineer in Envirnmental Prtectin
【答案】17．D 18．B 19．A 20．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文，本文主要介绍迪士尼金橡树餐厅采用的“零浪费可持续发展模式”。
17．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Michael Gnsalves, a chef f Glden Oak at Disney Wrld, has a cuisine cncept rted in fresh, lcally-surced ingredients that riginated frm childhd harvesting prduce frm their family garden with his mm t eventually leading kitchens at Walt Disney Wrld Resrts t emply a sustainable mdel.(Michael Gnsalves是迪士尼世界金橡树餐厅的厨师，他的烹饪理念植根于新鲜的本地食材，从童年和母亲在家庭花园收获农产品开始，到最终带领迪士尼世界度假村的厨房采用可持续发展模式)”可知，Michael Gnsalves的烹饪理念源于他小时候的劳动体验。故选D。
18．细节理解题。根据第二段中“It is then their fcus t ensure they appreciate and respect all that g int each and every ne f them. Fr example, they surce chicken that is naturally grwn and fed n a natural plant frward diet, n hrmnes (激素) r additives — that’s used in many ways thrughut menus frm a simple grilled chicken breast t bne sup. Nthing ges t waste.(然后，他们的重点是确保他们欣赏和尊重每一个部分。例如，他们采购的鸡肉是自然生长的，以天然植物饲料喂养，不含激素或添加剂——从简单的烤鸡胸肉到骨汤，这些都在菜单中以多种方式使用。没有什么是浪费的)”可知，金橡树餐充餐厅分利用食材的每一个部分，没有什么浪费。故选B。
19．推理判断题。第二段末句“Nthing ges t waste.(没有什么会被浪费)”提到餐厅没有什么浪费，结合第三段内容可知，本段是举例说明上文提及的“零浪费”，如把垃圾转化成堆肥，剩余食品捐给当地社区食品银行、与养猪户合作以及投喂给野生动物，故选A。
20．主旨大意题。根据文章内容，结合第一段中“Michael Gnsalves, a chef f Glden Oak at Disney Wrld, has a cuisine cncept rted in fresh, lcally-surced ingredients that riginated frm childhd harvesting prduce frm their family garden with his mm t eventually leading kitchens at Walt Disney Wrld Resrts t emply a sustainable mdel.(Michael Gnsalves是迪士尼世界金橡树餐厅的厨师，他的烹饪理念植根于新鲜的本地食材，从童年和母亲在家庭花园收获农产品开始，到最终带领迪士尼世界度假村的厨房采用可持续发展模式)”及倒数第二段中“Their peratins are ‘n a path t a sustainable zer waste kitchen f tmrrw’(他们的行为是‘走向未来可持续零浪费厨房的道路’)”可知，本文主要介绍迪士尼金橡树餐厅采用的“零浪费可持续发展模式”，A项“迪士尼世界：新美食道路”适合作为文章标题。故选A。
6.（2023·广东广州·统考二模）The best ideas are ften s smart, s simple and s clearly needed; it’s strange t discver they dn’t already exist. S it is with Farm My Schl, a prgram that’s turning underused land at secndary schls int cmmercially achievable, regenerative market gardens farmed by and fr lcal cmmunities.
C-funded by permaculturist Ben Shaw and regenerative educatr James McLennan, Farm My Schl cnnects lcal peple and rganizatins thrugh vlunteering that helps establish a schl’s market garden. Students learn abut cmmunity netwrks, healthy eating, eclgical respnsibility, waste reductin, and climate relief while helping with fd prductin. Schls integrate all these int their curses while prducing vegetable bxes every week that feed lcal families, supply the schl’s fd needs and ultimately pay the farmer’s salary.
Farm My Schl has gained the extrardinary enthusiasm f the lcals, wh answered an nline shut-ut t buy tickets t the prgram’s launch event at Bell Secndary Schl last Octber. Called Build A Farm in a Day Festival, the event featured wrkshps by Ben and James t share the skills required t build what they say is the wrld’s largest n-dig garden. “It was such a pwerful event, and I think that cmes dwn t peple wanting t act nw,” says James. “We charged fr the experience and 600 guys turned up! They didn’t even need free drinks t get excited. We were gardening till midnight. It was amazing. We’ve gt true cmmunity buy-in.”
Vlunteers have since begun beneficial planting thrughut the schl. Next steps include further discussins with lcal cmmunities, emplying a farmer, and bringing in a teacher t develp curses. “We’ve seen this huge push twards seeing schls as regenerative spaces, nt just fr planting but fr kids t be mre cnnected t the utside wrld, and really seeing the schl in a whle new light,” James says. “Fr us, the big excitement is that by allwing a prfessinal farmer t take the respnsibility f grwing fd, it’s nt nly n the schl t lk after that farm anymre, which eventually makes it much mre sustainable,” adds Ben.
21．Why was Farm My Schl funded?
A．T raise the incme f the lcal peple.
B．T advcate a cmmercial farming plan.
C．T prvide free fd fr lcal cmmunities.
D．T turn underused campus land int market gardens.
22．Hw d schls invlve students int the prgram?
A．By develping prgram-based curses.
B．By rganizing vluntary wrk in cmmunities.
C．By ffering them part-time jbs in the market gardens.
D．By encuraging them t prduce daily vegetable bxes.
23．What des the underlined wrd “buy-in” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Cmpetitin.B．Investment.C．Supprt.D．Prtectin.
24．What is the highlight f the prgram accrding t Ben?
A．It brings in mney t supprt the schl.B．The schl farm will be able t last lng.
C．The lcal peple will take care f the farm.D．Students cnnect mre with the utside wrld.
【答案】21．D 22．A 23．C 24．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个名为Farm My Schl的项目，未充分利用的校园土地变成市场花园。学校通过开发基于项目的课程让学生参与这个项目，大家都很支持。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段“S it is with Farm My Schl, a prgram that’s turning underused land at secndary schls int cmmercially achievable, regenerative market gardens farmed by and fr lcal cmmunities.(Farm My Schl项目也是如此，该项目将中学未充分利用的土地转变为可商业化的、可再生的市场花园，由当地社区耕种)”可知，成立Farm My Schl是为了将未充分利用的校园土地变成市场花园。故选D。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段“Schls integrate all these int their curses while prducing vegetable bxes every week that feed lcal families, supply the schl’s fd needs and ultimately pay the farmer’s salary. (学校把这些都融入到他们的课程中，同时每周生产蔬菜盒，供当地家庭食用，满足学校的食物需求，并最终支付农民的工资)”可知，学校通过开发基于项目的课程让学生参与这个项目。故选A。
23．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“We charged fr the experience and 600 guys turned up! They didn’t even need free drinks t get excited. We were gardening till midnight. (我们为这次体验收费，结果有600个人来了!他们甚至不需要免费饮料就能兴奋起来。我们做园艺一直干到半夜)”可知，社区的人都来支持他们的活动。由此猜测，画线词意思是“支持”，故选C。
24．细节理解题。根据最后一段““Fr us, the big excitement is that by allwing a prfessinal farmer t take the respnsibility f grwing fd, it’s nt nly n the schl t lk after that farm anymre, which eventually makes it much mre sustainable,” adds Ben.(Ben补充说：“对我们来说，最大的兴奋是，通过允许职业农民承担种植粮食的责任，不再只有学校来照看农场，这最终使它更可持续。”)”可知，Ben认为这个项目的亮点是学校农场将能够持续很长时间。故选B。
7.（2023·河北石家庄·正定一中校考模拟预测）Cmpst (堆肥) is ne f the mst wnderful things in the wrld. Yu take rganic matter that wuld therwise end up in landfills and create a nutrient-rich material that will help make gardens grw, flwers blm and make it easier t feed the wrld. Thanks t Tipa, an Israeli start-up, yu will sn be able t add plastics t yur cmpst mix.
Plastic is ne f the mst challenging prblems n the planet. As N Camels reprts, it ften takes 500 years fr plastic t break dwn, and even then, micrplastics remain in water r n land. Furthermre, accrding t Inc. Cm, even thugh plastic can theretically be recycled, less than 5 percent f flexible plastic packaging that is put int recycling by cnsumers is actually recycled.
But that desn’t need t be the case anymre.
Nw, Tipa and ther cmpanies have begun t create plastics that are able t bidegrade like any rganic matter des. When asked hw she gt the idea f creating cmpstable flexible plastics, Dafna Nissenbaum, the CEO and c-funder f Tipa, said, “Nature als packs its prducts, like bananas, apples and ranges, but with a cmpstable material. Our plastics will break dwn exactly like any ther rganic material and turn int slid fertilizer (肥料).”
Unlike ther cmpstable plastics n the market, Tipa’s plastics can be fully cmpsted in hme cmpsts. This means that the average persn with a garden cmpst culd use their packaging and just thrw it in the cmpst instead f the recycling bin when they are dne with it.
Anther thing that Tipa has been ding is t create partnerships with existing prducers instead f creating their wn factries. The cmpany’s materials are purpsefully designed t be cmpatible (兼容的) with machinery that already exists and prduces nn-cmpstable plastics. Tipa says that fits in with its gal f creating a sustainable future.
Tipa has partnered with sme high-end designers. Bth Stella McCartney and Mara Hffman use Tipa’s prducts t package their prducts. Many brands are nw aware that using sustainable packaging will endear them t custmers, and Tipa helps them d that.
25．What des paragraph 2 fcus n?
A．The difficulty f dealing with plastic.B．The harm caused by water pllutin.
C．The prblem f the packaging industry.D．The barrier t recycling plastic prducts.
26．What des Dafna Nissenbaum try t tell?
A．Her cnfidence in the fertilizer market.B．Her strng desire t get clse t nature.
C．Her inspiratin fr Tipa’s new plastics.D．Her high praise fr the beauty f nature.
27．What des Tipa d t pursue sustainability?
A．It cperates with existing prducers.
B．It designs materials t fit new machinery.
C．It stps partnering with high-end designers.
D．It creates its wn plastic factries wrldwide.
28．Which f the fllwing can serve as the best title fr the text?
A．The Packaging Industry Is Grwing Faster
B．New Plastics Make Packaging Cmpstable
C．Cmpst Is the Real Surce f Sustainability
D．Slutins t Plastic Waste Have Been Fund
【答案】25．A 26．C 27．A 28．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了以色列的一家新兴公司发明的一种用于包装的塑料，这种塑料使得包装可以被堆肥。
25．主旨大意题。由第二段“Plastic is ne f the mst challenging prblems n the planet. As N Camels reprts, it ften takes 500 years fr plastic t break dwn, and even then, micrplastics remain in water r n land. Furthermre, accrding t Inc. Cm, even thugh plastic can theretically be recycled, less than 5 percent f flexible plastic packaging that is put int recycling by cnsumers is actually recycled. (塑料是地球上最具挑战性的问题之一。正如N Camels报道的那样，塑料通常需要500年才能分解，即使这样，微塑料也会留在水中或陆地上。此外，据股份有限公司Inc. Cm称，尽管塑料理论上可以回收，但消费者投入回收的柔性塑料包装实际上回收的比例不到5%)”可知，第二段主要说明处理塑料并非易事。故选A项。
26．细节理解题。由第四段中的“When asked hw she gt the idea f creating cmpstable flexible plastics, Dafna Nissenbaum, the CEO and c-funder f Tipa, said, “Nature als packs its prducts, like bananas, apples and ranges, but with a cmpstable material. Our plastics will break dwn exactly like any ther rganic material and turn int slid fertilizer (肥料).”(当被问及她是如何产生制造可堆肥柔性塑料的想法时，Tipa的首席执行官兼联合创始人Dafna Nissenbaum说：“大自然也包装它的产品，如香蕉、苹果和橙子，但用的是可堆肥的材料。我们的塑料会像其他有机材料一样分解，变成固体肥料。”)”可知，Dafna Nissenbaum 试图告诉大家新塑料的灵感来源于自然。故选C项。
27．细节理解题。由倒数第二段“Anther thing that Tipa has been ding is t create partnerships with existing prducers instead f creating their wn factries. The cmpany’s materials are purpsefully designed t be cmpatible (兼容的) with machinery that already exists and prduces nn-cmpstable plastics. Tipa says that fits in with its gal f creating a sustainable future. (蒂帕一直在做的另一件事是与现有生产商建立合作伙伴关系，而不是创建自己的工厂。该公司的材料经过专门设计，与现有的生产不可堆肥塑料的机械兼容。蒂帕表示，这符合其创造可持续未来的目标)”可知，为了追求可持续性，Tipa选择与现有的生产商合作，而不是建造自己的工厂。故选A项。
28．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“Thanks t Tipa, an Israeli start-up, yu will sn be able t add plastics t yur cmpst mix. (多亏了以色列初创公司Tipa，你很快就能在堆肥混合物中添加塑料)”可知，文章主要介绍了以色列的一家创业公司发明的一种用于包装的塑料，这种塑料使得包装可以被堆肥，B项“新塑料使包装可堆肥”符合文意。故选B项。
8.（2023·湖南衡阳·衡阳市八中校考模拟预测）In a cuntry where ver 80% f residents live in public husing, a gvernment cmmitment t sustainable urban design culd have huge influence. And when it’s a trpical cuntry like Singapre where cnvenience and air cnditining are a way f life, the impact culd be greater still.
Prmising 42,000 new hmes acrss five residential districts, the ec-twn f Tengah will be the 24th new settlement built by Singapre’s gvernment since Wrld War II. It is, hwever, the first with centralized cling, autmated trash cllectin and a car-free twn center, with which envirnment lvers hpe t ffer a radmap fr reducing carbn emissins in the Sutheast Asian city-state.
The develpment is named as “Frest Twn” by fficials, due t its abundant greenery and public gardens. Once hme t brickmaking factries, and later used fr military training, the 2.7-square-mile site has been reclaimed by a frest in recent years. A 328-ft-wide eclgical “crridr” will be maintained thrugh its center, prviding safe passage t wildlife and cnnecting a water catchment area n ne side t a nature reserve n the ther.
The prject has prven a new plan fr urban planners supprting green design principles and “smart” technlgy, accrding t Chng Fk Lng, grup directr fr research and planning at Singapre’s Husing and Develpment Bard, the agency verseeing the cuntry’s public husing. “Tengah is a new start,” he said in a vide interview, explaining that rads and parking are being pushed beneath the twn center. “We’re ging fr the ideal cncept f separated traffic, with everything undergrund and then the grund level ttally freed up fr pedestrians — fr peple. S, it’s a very safe envirnment fr all.”
“We want a twn that allws walking and cycling in a very user-friendly manner,” he added, saying that cycling has “taken ff” in Singapre in the “last three t five years especially”. The master plan will see the installatin f electric vehicle charging statins.
29．What is special abut the 24th new settlement?
A．It can huse 42,000 peple.B．It will be well equipped.
C．It will be built by the gvernment.D．It will be envirnmentally friendly.
30．Which f the fllwing might be the design f the frest twn?
A．
B．
C．
D．
31．What can we learn frm Chng Fk Lng’s wrds?
A．A parking lt will put in the twn center.
B．Passers-by and traffic will be in different levels.
C．Bikes will be able t fly in the near future.
D．All masters will install charging statins.
32．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Ways t reduce carbn emissinsB．A green radmap fr Singapre
C．An ec “smart” city planningD．A smart electric vehicle technlgy
【答案】29．D 30．A 31．B 32．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了新加坡政府提供了一个支持绿色设计原则和“智能”技术的新计划，对新加坡进行可持续城市设计。
29．细节理解题。根据第二段“It is, hwever, the first with centralized cling, autmated trash cllectin and a car-free twn center, with which envirnment lvers hpe t ffer a radmap fr reducing carbn emissins in the Sutheast Asian city-state.(然而，这是第一个拥有集中冷却、自动垃圾收集和无车城镇中心的城市，环境爱好者希望通过这个城市中心为东南亚城市国家减少碳排放提供一个策略。)”可知，这个新居点拥有集中冷却、自动收集垃圾和无车城镇中心，由此可知，第24个新定居点将是环保的。故选D项。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段“A 328-ft-wide eclgical “crridr” will be maintained thrugh its center, prviding safe passage t wildlife and cnnecting a water catchment area n ne side t a nature reserve n the ther.(一条328英尺宽的生态“走廊”将贯穿其中心，为野生动物提供安全通道，并将一边的集水区与另一边的自然保护区连接起来)”可知，走廊贯穿在森林镇中，连接集水区和自然保护区，对比四个设计图，A项符合。故选A项。
31．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“We’re ging fr the ideal cncept f separated traffic, with everything undergrund and then the grund level ttally freed up fr pedestrians — fr peple.(我们追求的是分离交通的理想概念，所有东西都在地下，然后地面层完全为行人腾出空间。)”可知，此处追求的是所有东西在地下，行人在地面，所以，从Chng Fk Lng的话中知道行人和交通将处于不同的水平面。故选B项。
32．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“It is, hwever, the first with centralized cling, autmated trash cllectin and a car-free twn center, with which envirnment lvers hpe t ffer a radmap fr reducing carbn emissins in the Sutheast Asian city-state.(然而，这是第一个拥有集中冷却、自动垃圾收集和无车城镇中心的城市，环境爱好者希望通过这个城市中心为东南亚城市国家减少碳排放提供一个策略)”可知，该城市为东南亚城市国家减少碳排放的一个典范，结合倒数第二段“The prject has prven a new plan fr urban planners supprting green design principles and “smart” technlgy, accrding t Chng Fk Lng, grup directr fr research and planning at Singapre’s Husing and Develpment Bard, the agency verseeing the cuntry’s public husing.(新加坡住房发展局负责研究与规划的集团总监Chng Fk Lng表示，该项目为城市规划者提供了一个支持绿色设计原则和“智能”技术的新计划)”可知，Chng Fk Lng认为，该项目为城市规划者提供了一个支持绿色设计原则和“智能”技术的新计划，结合全文对这一新计划的介绍可知，本文主要讲述了新加坡生态“智能”城市计划，所以“An ec “smart” city planning (一个生态“智能”城市规划)”与本文的内容吻合，且概括了全文主题，可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选C项。
9.（2023·山东·统考二模）A Purdue University inventin culd save millins f taxpayer dllars and significantly reduce traffic delays. The new inventin, a sensr that allws cncrete t “talk”, decreases cnstructin time and hw ften cncrete pavement (路面) needs repairs while als imprving the rad’s sustainability and cutting its carbn ftprint. Fixed directly int a cncrete pur the sensr sends engineers mre precise and cnsistent data abut the cncrete’s strength and need fr repairs than is pssible with currently used tls and methds.
“Traffic jams caused by repairs have wasted 4 billin hurs and 3 billin gallns f gas, n a yearly basis. This is mainly due t insufficient knwledge and understanding f cncrete’s strength levels,” said Luna Lu, wh has been leading develpment f the sensr since 2017. “Fr instance, we dn’t knw when cncrete will reach the right strength needed t accmmdate traffic lads just after cnstructin. The cncrete may be put int use t early,leading t frequent repairing,” she added.
With the technlgy Lu and her team invented, engineers can directly mnitr the fresh cncrete and accurately measure many f its prperties at nce. The sensr ntifies engineers via a smartphne app exactly when the pavement is strng enugh t handle heavy traffic. The strnger the pavement is befre being used by vehicles, the less ften it will need t be repaired. By decreasing rad repairs and cnstructin timelines, this technlgy culd reduce carbn dixide that vehicles wuld have given ff while waiting in traffic t get arund a cnstructin site.
Methds that the industry has used fr mre than a century call fr testing large samples f cncrete at a lab r nsite facility. Even thugh these tests are well understd by the industry, differences between lab and utdr cnditins can lead t inaccurate estimates f the cncrete’s strength due t the different cncrete cmpsitins and temperatures f the surrunding area.
33．What can be learned abut the new inventin?
A．It decreases accidents.
B．It is cstly t prduce.
C．It reduces rad repairs.
D．It is difficult t perate.
34．What des Paragraph 2 mainly talk abut?
A．Waste caused by rad repairs.
B．Characteristics f the cncrete.
C．Situatins f rad cnstructins.
D．Necessity f inventing the sensr.
35．What des the underlined wrd “ntifies” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Signals.B．Awakes.C．Mnitr.D．Examines.
36．What is the prblem with the previus tests?
A．Samples must be tested n the spt.
B．The results turn ut t be unreliable.
C．Fewer prperties have been measured.
D．Cncrete is tested in certain temperature.
【答案】33．C 34．D 35．A 36．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了普渡大学的一项发明，该发明可以节省数百万纳税人的钱，并大大减少交通延误。这项新发明是一种传感器，它可以让混凝土“说话”，减少施工时间和混凝土路面需要维修的频率，同时提高道路的可持续性，减少碳足迹。
33．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The new inventin, a sensr that allws cncrete t“talk”, decreases cnstructin time and hw ften cncrete pavement (路面) needs repairs while als imprving the rad’s sustainability and cutting its carbn ftprint.(这项新发明是一种传感器，它可以让混凝土“说话”，减少施工时间和混凝土路面需要维修的频率，同时提高道路的可持续性，减少碳足迹)”可知，这项新发明减少了道路维修。故选C。
34．主旨大意题。根据第二段““Traffic jams caused by repairs have wasted 4 billin hurs and 3 billin gallns f gas, n a yearly basis. This is mainly due t insufficient knwledge and understanding f cncrete’s strength levels,” said Luna Lu, wh has been leading develpment f the sensr since 2017. “Fr instance, we dn’t knw when cncrete will reach the right strength needed t accmmdate traffic lads just after cnstructin. The cncrete may be put int use t early, leading t frequent repairing,” she added.(“每年维修造成的交通堵塞浪费了40亿小时和30亿加仑的汽油。这主要是由于对混凝土强度水平的认识和理解不足，”自2017年以来一直领导该传感器开发的卢娜·卢说。“例如，我们不知道混凝土何时才能达到合适的强度，以适应施工后的交通负荷。混凝土可能过早投入使用，导致频繁维修，”她补充道)”结合第一段的“The new inventin, a sensr that allws cncrete t“talk”, decreases cnstructin time and hw ften cncrete pavement (路面) needs repairs while als imprving the rad’s sustainability and cutting its carbn ftprint.(这项新发明是一种传感器，它可以让混凝土“说话”，减少施工时间和混凝土路面需要维修的频率，同时提高道路的可持续性，减少碳足迹)”可知，第二段主要论述了发明传感器的必要性。故选D。
35．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“via a smartphne app exactly when the pavement is strng enugh t handle heavy traffic.(通过一款智能手机应用程序，准确判断路面是否足够坚固，可以应对繁忙的交通)”可知，此处指传感器通过一款智能手机应用程序告知工程师相关信息。由此可知，划线词ntifies与signals(告知)意思接近。故选A。
36．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Even thugh these tests are well understd by the industry, differences between lab and utdr cnditins can lead t inaccurate estimates f the cncrete’s strength due t the different cncrete cmpsitins and temperatures f the surrunding area.(尽管这些测试被业界很好地理解，但由于混凝土成分和周围地区温度的不同，实验室和室外条件之间的差异可能导致对混凝土强度的不准确估计)”可推知，以前试验的问题是结果不可靠。故选B。
10.（2023·湖南永州·统考三模）Regenerative turism is cncept that is gaining attractin in the travel industry. It is different frm sustainable turism in that it ges beynd just minimizing the negative impact f turism. It is a philsphy that aims t nt nly minimize the negative impact f turism but als t actively cntribute t the regeneratin f lcal ecsystems, ecnmies, and cultures.
The cncept f regenerative turism is nt new. Native cmmunities arund the wrld have been practicing regenerative turism fr centuries. Hwever, it has gained renewed interest in recent years due t the grwing awareness f the impact f turism n the envirnment and the need fr sustainable travel practices, particularly pst-pandemic-indeed it culd even be argued that, as the glbal turism industry and thse wh depend n it start t recver, turism in itself is a regenerative act.
One example f regenerative turism is ecturism. Ecturism invlves traveling t natural areas with the aim f learning abut and cnserving the envirnment. It invlves activities such as hiking, bird watching, and wildlife viewing. Anther example f regenerative turism is cmmunity-based turism. Cmmunity-based turism invlves staying with lcal cmmunities and participating in their cultural activities, such as ur Buffal Curd Experience in Sri Lanka, r ur Rice Wine Trek in Las. Regenerative turism can als invlve the use f sustainable and regenerative practices in the turism industry itself. Fr example, htels can use renewable energy surces, reduce their water cnsumptin, and use sustainable materials in their cnstructin.
The benefits f regenerative turism are many. Hwever, carrying ut regenerative turism practices requires a shift in mindset and a cmmitment t sustainability. It requires turism businesses t nt nly minimize their negative impact but t actively cntribute t the regeneratin f the envirnment and cmmunities. It requires turists t be cnscius f their impact and t chse travel ptins in line with their values.
In cnclusin, regenerative turism is a prmising cncept that has the ptential t transfrm the travel industry. By actively cntributing t the regeneratin f lcal ecsystems, ecnmies, and cultures, regenerative turism can create a better future fr bth peple and the planet.
37．What is the aim f the regenerative turism?
A．T attract mre investments.
B．T highlight the advantages f turism.
C．T prtect cnventinal ecnmy and culture.
D．T prmte a renewable and sustainable turism.
38．Why has the regenerative turism regained public interest recently?
A．Turism industry has glbally bmed.
B．Peple have suffered frm the pandemic.
C．Peple shw mre cncern abut envirnment.
D．Regenerative turism has been practised fr lng.
39．What des Paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A．The definitin f ecturism.
B．The illustratin f regenerative turism.
C．Envirnmental cnservatin practices.
D．Reasnable dubts abut regenerative turism.
40．What might the writer agree with accrding t the last tw paragraphs?
A．Regenerative turism has a bright future.
B．Turists can chse whatever travel they like.
C．Travel industry is able t transfrm regenerative turism.
D．Regenerative turism can be practiced in traditinal ways.
【答案】37．D 38．C 39．B 40．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍再生旅游。再生旅游是一个很有前途的概念，有可能改变旅游业。通过积极促进当地生态系统、经济和文化的再生，再生旅游可以为人类和地球创造更美好的未来。
37．推理判断题。根据第一段“Regenerative turism is cncept that is gaining attractin in the travel industry. It is different frm sustainable turism in that it ges beynd just minimizing the negative impact f turism. It is a philsphy that aims t nt nly minimize the negative impact f turism but als t actively cntribute t the regeneratin f lcal ecsystems, ecnmies, and cultures.（再生旅游是旅游业中越来越受欢迎的概念。它不同于可持续旅游，因为它不仅仅是最小化旅游的负面影响。这一理念不仅旨在最大限度地减少旅游业的负面影响，而且还积极促进当地生态系统、经济和文化的再生。）”可知，再生旅游的目的是促进可再生和可持续的旅游业。故选D。
38．细节理解题。根据第二段中“it has gained renewed interest in recent years due t the grwing awareness f the impact f turism n the envirnment and the need fr sustainable travel practices, particularly pst-pandemic-indeed it culd even be argued that, as the glbal turism industry and thse wh depend n it start t recver, turism in itself is a regenerative act.（近年来，由于人们日益认识到旅游对环境的影响和可持续旅游做法的必要性，特别是在大流行病之后，旅游业重新引起了人们的兴趣——实际上，甚至可以说，随着全球旅游业和依赖旅游业的人开始复苏，旅游业本身就是一种再生行为。）”可知，再生旅游最近之所以重新引起了公众的兴趣，是因为人们越来越关心环境。故选C。
39．主旨大意。根据第三段第一句“One example f regenerative turism is ecturism.（再生旅游的一个例子是生态旅游。）”和倒数第二句“Regenerative turism can als invlve the use f sustainable and regenerative practices in the turism industry itself.（再生旅游也可以涉及在旅游业本身使用可持续和再生的做法。）”可知，第三段主要谈论“再生旅游的例证。”故选B。
40．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The benefits f regenerative turism are many.（再生旅游的好处很多。）”和最后一段“In cnclusin, regenerative turism is a prmising cncept that has the ptential t transfrm the travel industry. By actively cntributing t the regeneratin f lcal ecsystems, ecnmies, and cultures, regenerative turism can create a better future fr bth peple and the planet.（总之，再生旅游是一个很有前途的概念，有可能改变旅游业。通过积极促进当地生态系统、经济和文化的再生，再生旅游可以为人类和地球创造更美好的未来。）”可知，根据最后两段，作者可能会同意“再生旅游有着光明的未来。”故选A。