2024届北京市海淀区高三下学期一模英语试题

这是一份2024届北京市海淀区高三下学期一模英语试题，共12页。试卷主要包含了 04， 5分，共15分）等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2024. 04
本试卷共10页，100分。考试时长90分钟。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
It was 4: 30 pm. As I was packing up, I nticed my clleague had left his laptp bag in the ffice. S I decided t bring it t him. It tk me abut 15 minutes t get t his huse, where I 1 the bag and gt right back n the rad.
Suddenly a snwstrm came and within minutes I was in a whiteut. I stpped because I was afraid f driving int a farmer's field, r wrse. I kept the car 2 t stay warm and called 911. They tld me t sit tight and wait things ut fr the night.
Thse secnds after the call were 3 . Breathe, I tld myself. Panicking wn't help.
I texted my clleague, jking abut my gd deed ending in 4 . He suggested I share a satellite view f my 5 n my scial media. And I did s, praying that anyne wh knew the residents f the nearby farms culd get me rescued.
Waiting in the car, I dubted whether 6 wuld be able t cme. Sn enugh, thugh, I gt a message frm smene wh was ging t put me in tuch with them.
At 8 pm, I saw a tall figure in a yellw raincat striding tward me in the dark, carrying a flashlight. I'd never been mre 7 t see smene in my life. It was André Buvier, wh'd walked abut 550 yards t cme get me, fighting the wind and snw each step f the way.
He turned arund and started t trudge thrugh the snw, sure f the directin. I drve behind him, feeling my heart begin t beat mre 8 . When we reached his huse, I burst int tears, all my fears turning int relief and 9 .
The experience has been a game changer fr me. I nw 10 challenges with a sense f calm I'd nt knwn befre. But best f all, it brught André int my life.
1.A. drpped ffB. filled upC. set asideD. put away
2.A. lckedB. parkedC. signalingD. running
3.A. painfulB. criticalC. disappintingD. impressive
4.A. failureB. smkeC. disasterD. mystery
5.A. ruteB. lcatinC. directinD. destinatin
6.A. newsB. helpC. hpeD. faith
7.A. satisfiedB. surprisedC. relievedD. wrried
8.A. slwlyB. excitedlyC. nervuslyD. strngly
9.A. recgnitinB. admiratinC. satisfactinD. appreciatin
10.A. identifyB. presentC. apprachD. anticipate
第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
A parent's nightmare turned t relief in Flrida as plicemen swiftly rescued a missing five-year- ld girl with autism. The lcal plice launched a desperate search, 11 （use）air and grund effrts. Thermal imaging （热成） 12 （lead）t the discvery f her in a swampy area. A bdy-wrn camera captured the heric mment f her rescue. 13 plicemen's quick respnse, she was fund unharmed. The public praised the team's efficiency in turning 14 culd have been a tragedy int a heartwarming reunin.
B
Li-in batteries stre a lt f energy in a small amunt f space. When that energy is released in an uncntrlled manner, it generates heat, 15 can transfrm certain internal battery cmpnents int burnable gases. Cnsumers shuld purchase batteries that are nly listed by a natinally 16 （recgnize）testing labratry and stp using the device if the battery shws signs f damage, such as an unusual smell, excessive heat, ppping sunds r change in clr. Amng all the places t charge these devices, 17 （safe）ne is utdrs away frm any structure and nt in direct sunlight.
C
Fr brands t succeed, they must grasp and adapt t evlving cnsumer taste. Over the past decade, China 18 （witness）a shift in cnsumer behavir marked by the rise f gucha, a trend emphasizing natinalistic branding. Chinese cnsumers displayed a strng 19 （prefer）fr lcally- made prducts. Therefre, it's crucial fr brands t genuinely cmprehend and hnr lcal custms, traditins, and values. While integrating Chinese elements int marketing strategies can be effective, it shuld be handled thughtfully 20 （avid） cultural insensitivity.
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
With all the dietary infrmatin nline, it can be hard t knw what tips t fllw. Watch ut fr these wrds and expressins.
Fat Is Gd
It desn't matter if yu are part f the fat is GOOD fr yu r BAD fr yu grup, the imprtant questin t ask is the surce f the fat. If it cmes frm a land-based animal, and is likely t be slid at rm temperature, then it is saturated （饱和的） fat whereas if it cmes frm fish r plants, and it is likely t be liquid at rm temperature, then it is unsaturated fat. All the evidence indicates that eating mre unsaturated fat than saturated fat lwers yur risk f dying early.
Natural Sugar Is Better
The vast majrity f sugar we cnsume is sucrse （蔗糖）. It is the white pwdered stuff we ck with and is made up f glucse and fructse. Hw abut sugar frm hney? It is ften marketed as natural and better fr yu. Actually, it just has its wn distinct flavur, but is as sweet because f glucse and fructse.
High-pH Water
Sme peple think we need t eat alkali （碱） fd t maintain ur bld at a pH f 7. 4. But everything we eat r drink passes thrugh the stmach, which, at a pH f 1. 5, is the mst acidic part f the bdy. It is then neutralised t a pH f 7. S, nthing we eat will change the pH f ur bld.
Dn't Eat Anything That Yu Can't Prnunce
Whether fds are natural r highly prcessed, they are all full f chemicals. Are yu suppsed t fear "phenylthicarbamide", because yu can't prnunce it? This is simply the chemical respnsible fr the bitter taste fund in brassicas, the plants in the cabbage and mustard family.
Dn't Eat Fd With Mre Than Five Ingredients （佐料）
Simple fds are nt necessarily healthier fr yu. If I, fr instance, use Chinese five spice pwder in a recipe, that wuld cunt as ne f the five ingredients. Hwever, what if I added the typical cmpnents f five spice pwder separately int a dish? Des that mean my recipe suddenly becmes bad because it has mre than five ingredients?
21. Accrding t the passage, healthier fat ____.
A. can be fund in fish and plantsB. cmes frm land-based animals
C. remains slid at rm temperatureD. can lwer the death rate f elders
22. The passage suggests that ______.
A. diets can help adjust the pH f ur bld
B. hney sugar can d mre gd than sucrse
C. fds with mre ingredients may be as healthy
D. chemicals we can recgnize are safer t take in
23. What is the main purpse f the passage?
A. T cmpare tips n fd chices.
B. T intrduce different health cncepts.
C. T recmmend fitness recipes t readers.
D. T warn us f sme dietary misunderstandings.
B
At my first lessn in Chinese calligraphy, my teacher tld me plainly: "Nw I will teach yu hw t write yur name. And t make it beautiful. I felt my breath catch. I was curius.
Grwing up in Singapre, I had an unusual relatinship with my Chinese name. My parents are ethnically Chinese, s they asked frtune tellers t decide my name, aiming fr maximum luck. As a result, I ended up with a nnsense and embarrassing name: Chen Yiwen, meaning, rughly, "ld", "barley（薏米）"and “warm".
When I arrived in America fr cllege at 18, I put n an American accent and abandned my Chinese name. When I mved t Hng Kng in 2021, after 14 years in the States, I decided t learn calligraphy. Why nt get back in tuch with my heritage? I thught.
In calligraphy, the idea is t cpy the ld masters' techniques, thereby refining yur wn. Every week, thugh, my teacher wuld give uncmfrtably n-the-nse assessments f my persn. "Yu need t be braver, " he nce bserved. "Have cnfidence. Try t prduce a bld strke （笔画）. " Fr years, I had prided myself n presenting an image f cnfidence, but my writing betrayed me.
I was trying t make sense f this practice. Yu must visualize the wrd as it is t be written and leave a trace f yurself in it. As a bdily practice, calligraphy culd g beynd its wn cultural restrictins. Culd it help me g beynd mine? My teacher nce said t me, "When yu lk at the wrd, yu see the bdy. Thugh a wrd n the page is tw-dimensinal, it cntains multitudes, cnveying the frce yu've applied, the energy f yur grip, the arch f yur spine. "I had been learning calligraphy t get in tuch with my cultural rts, but what I was really seeking was a return t myself. Nw I have sensed that the pleasure ut f calligraphy allws me t knw myself mre fully.
During a recent lessn, my teacher pinted at the wrd I had just finished, telling me: "This wrd is much better. I can see the chices yu made, yur calculatins, yur flw. Trust yurself. This wrd is yurs. "He might as well have said, "This wrd is yu. "
24. What did the authr initially think f her name "Chen Yiwen"?
A. It was lucky s she gladly accepted it.
B. She felt prud f its symblic meaning.
C. She understd the intentin but still disliked it.
D. Its strange prnunciatin made her embarrassed.
25. The authr decided t learn calligraphy t ______.
A. pick up a new hbbyB. recnnect with her rigin
C. gain insights int a new cultureD. fit in with lcal cmmunity
26. Frm the teacher's wrds, the authr learns that calligraphy _____.
A. reflects the creatr's spiritsB. cmes frm creative energy
C. highlights the design f strkesD. depends n cntinuus practice
27. What des the authr intend t tell us?
A. Appreciate what ur culture ffers. B. Find beauty frm yur inner self.
C. A great teacher leads yu t truth. D. We are the sum f what we create.
C
Researchers hpe brain implants will ne day help peple with aphasia （失语症） t get their vice back-and maybe even t sing. Nw, fr the first time, scientists have demnstrated that the brain's electrical activity can be decded and used t recnstruct music.
A new study analyzed data frm 29 peple mnitred fr epileptic seizures （癫痫发作）， using electrdes （电极） n the surface f their brain. As participants listened t a selected sng, electrdes captured brain activity related t musical elements, such as tne, rhythm, and lyrics. Emplying machine learning, Rbert Knight frm UC Berkeley and his clleagues recnstructed what the participants were hearing and published their study results. The paper is the first t suggest that scientists can "listen secretly t" the brain t synthesize （合成） music.
T turn brain activity data int musical sund, researchers trained an artificial intelligence（AI） mdel t decde data captured frm thusands f electrdes that were attached t the participants as they listened t the sng while underging surgery. Once the brain data were fed thrugh the mdel, the music returned. The mdel als revealed sme brain parts respnding t different musical features f the sng.
Althugh the findings fcused n music, the researchers expect their results t be mst useful fr translating brain waves int human speech. Ludvic Bellier, the study's lead authr, explains that speech, regardless f language, has small meldic differences-temp, stress, accents, and intnatin--knwn as prsdy （韵律）. These elements carry meaning that we can't cmmunicate with wrds alne. He hpes the mdel will imprve brain-cmputer interfaces （BCI）, assistive devices that recrd speech- assciated brain waves and use algrithms t recnstruct intended messages. This technlgy, still in its infancy, culd help peple wh have lst the ability t speak because f aphasia.
Future research shuld investigate whether these mdels can be expanded frm music that participants have heard t imagined internal speech. If a brain-cmputer interface culd recreate smene's speech with the prsdy and emtinal weight fund in music, it culd ffer a richer cmmunicatin experience beynd mere wrds.
Several barriers remain befre we can put this technlgy in the hands-r brains-f patients. The current mdel relies n surgical implants. As recrding techniques imprve, the hpe is t gather data nn-invasively, pssibly using ultrasensitive electrdes. Hwever, under current technlgies, this apprach might result in a lwer speed f decding int natural speech. The researchers als hpe t imprve the playback clarity by packing the electrdes clser tgether n the brain's surface, enabling an even mre detailed lk at the electrical symphny the brain prduces.
28. What can we learn frm the study?
A. Electrdes can analyze musical elements.
B. The decding f brain data helps recreate music.
C. Machine learning greatly enhances brain activity.
D. The AI mdel mnitrs music-respnsive brain regins.
29. What hpefully makes it pssible t expand the mdel t speech?
A. The prsdy f speech. B. The cllectin f brain waves.
C. The emtinal weight f music. D. The recnstructin f infrmatin.
30. Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Unlcking the Secrets f Meldic Mind
B. Brain Symphny: Synthesized Human Speech
C. BCI Brings Hpe t Peple with Aphasia
D. Remarkable Jurney: Decding Brain with AI
D
"Assume yu are wrng. " The advice came frm Brian Nsek, a psychlgy prfessr, wh was ffering a strategy fr pursuing better science.
T understand the cntext fr Nsek's advice, we need t take a step back t the nature f science itself. Yu see despite what many f us learned in elementary schl, there is n single scientific methd. Just as scientific theries becme elabrated and change, s d scientific methds.
But methdlgical refrm hasn't cme withut sme fretting and frictin. Nasty things have been said by and abut methdlgical refrmers. Few peple like having the value f their life's wrk called int questin. On the ther side, few peple are gd at vicing criticisms in kind and cnstructive ways. S, part f the challenge is figuring ut hw t bake critical self-reflectin int the culture f science itself, s it unflds as a welcme and integrated part f the prcess, and nt an embarrassing sideshw.
What Nsek recmmended was a strategy fr changing the way we ffer and respnd t critique. Assuming yu are right might be a mtivating frce, sustaining the enrmus effrt that cnducting scientific wrk requires. But it als makes it easy t interpret criticisms as persnal attacks. Beginning, instead, frm the assumptin yu are wrng, a criticism is easier t interpret as a cnstructive suggestin fr hw t be less wrng-a gal that yur critic presumably shares.
One wrry abut this apprach is that it culd be demralizing fr scientists. Striving t be less wrng might be a less effective mtivatin than the prmise f being right. Anther cncern is that a strategy that wrks well within science culd backfire when it cmes t cmmunicating science with the public. Withut an appreciatin fr hw science wrks, it's easy t take uncertainty r disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect sme f the very features f science that make it ur best apprach t reaching reliable cnclusins abut the wrld. Science is reliable because it respnds t evidence: as the quantity and quality f ur evidence imprves, ur theries can and shuld change, t.
Despite these wrries, I like Nsek's suggestin because it builds in cgnitive humility alng with a sense that we can d better. It als builds in a sense f cmmunity-we're all in the same bat when it cmes t falling shrt f getting things right.
Unfrtunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypthesis （假说）： that assuming ne is wrng can change cmmunity nrms fr the better, and ultimately supprt better science and even, perhaps, better decisins in life. I dn't knw if that's true. In fact, I shuld prbably assume that it's wrng. But with the benefit f the scientific cmmunity and ur best methdlgical tls, I hpe we can get it less wrng, tgether.
31. What can we learn frm Paragraph 3?
A. Refrmers tend t devalue researchers' wrk.
B. Scientists are unwilling t express kind criticisms.
C. Peple hld wrng assumptins abut the culture f science.
D. The scientific cmmunity shuld practice critical self-reflectin.
32. The strategy f "assuming yu are wrng" may cntribute t _____.
A. the enrmus effrts f scientists at wrk
B. the reliability f ptential research results
C. the public's passin fr scientific findings
D. the imprvement in the quality f evidence
33. The underlined wrd "demralizing" in Paragraph 5 means ______.
A. discuragingB. ineffectiveC. unfairD. misleading
34. The tne the authr uses in talking abut the untested hypthesis is ____.
A. dubtful but sincereB. disapprving but sft
C. authritative and directD. reflective and humrus
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When yu get in a car, yu expect it will have functining brakes. When yu pick up medicine at the drugstre, yu expect it wn't be plluted. But it wasn't always like this. The safety f these prducts was terrible when they first came t market. It tk much research and regulatin t figure ut hw users can enjy the benefits f these prducts withut getting harmed. 35
Scial media risks are everywhere. The dangers that algrithms designed t maximize attentin represent t teens have becme impssible t ignre. Other prduct design elements, ften called "dark patterns, "designed t keep peple using fr lnger, als appear t tip yung users int scial media veruse. 36 They say it's their users' fault fr engaging with harmful cntent in the first place, even if thse users are children r the cntent is financial trickery. They als claim t be defending free speech.
37 Under the Digital Services Act, which came int effect in Eurpe this year, platfrms are required t take actin t stp the spread f illegal cntent and can be fined up t 6 percent f their glbal incmes if they dn't d s. If this law is enfrced, maintaining the safety f their algrithms and netwrks will be the mst financially sund decisin fr platfrms t make.
Despite these effrts, tw things are clear. First, nline safety prblems are leading t real, ffline suffering. Secnd, scial media cmpanies can't, r wn't, slve these safety prblems n their wn. 38 Even safety issues like cyberbullying that we thught were slved can pp right back up. As ur sciety mves nline t an ever-greater degree, the idea that anyne, even teens, can just "stay ff scial media" becmes less and less realistic. 39
A. And thse prblems aren't ging away.
B. The current issues aren't really abut ffline suffering.
C. Platfrms already have systems t remve vilent r harmful cntent.
D. Similarly, scial media needs prduct safety standards t keep users safe.
E. It's time we shuld require scial media t take safety seriusly, fr everyne's sake.
F. Internet platfrms, hwever, have shifted blame n the cnsumers whenever criticized.
G. Sme authrities are taking steps t hld scial media platfrms accuntable fr the cntent.
第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域内作答。
As a kid, I dreamed f becming a marine bilgist and I lived ut this fantasy by setting up aquariums （鱼缸） at hme. Then, at 20, I was intrduced t phtgrapher David Liittschwager, wh hired me t help him with a magazine assignment n marine life.
David's assignment was t dcument the amazing bidiversity fund in the cean. My rle was t cllect species fr him t phtgraph. Every night, I wuld cast a flating lamp. Like mths drawn t a flame, mysterius creatures wuld emerge frm the depths in search f this light. I'd then set up aquariums t huse them as they waited fr David t take their sht.
Thse evenings made me feel as if I were n anther planet. I had never imagined such strange life- frms culd exist in ur ceans. But I didn't grasp the true magic f what was in frnt f me until I saw the phtgraphs David tk.
The biggest surprise was his image f a baby flunder. I caught this fish by accident. Only later did I ntice its tw tiny eyeballs staring back at me. But David's phtgraph f this flunder revealed a universe f detail that even my eager eyes had missed. His macr lens magnified its ribs. The lightning-fast expsure frze its mtin. A precisely aimed light released the rainbw hidden in its skin. And the black backgrund remved all distractins t fcus ur attentin n the quiet beauty at hand.
Years after that prject, I was snrkeling （潜水） n a shallw reef. Out f the darkness, anther baby flunder emerged and settled n my mask. This time I knew what t lk fr. Befre wrking fr David, I had assumed the gal f phtgraphy was simply t reprduce an bservatin s that thers culd share the same experience. It had never ccurred t me that phtgraphy culd expand ur visual perceptin and therefre teach us t see the wrld anew.
40. What was the authr's respnsibility in David's assignment?
41. Why was David's image f a baby flunder the biggest surprise t the authr?
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Encuntering a baby flunder while snrkeling deepened the authr's understanding that phtgraphy culd reprduce an bservatin.
43. What can help yu see the wrld anew? （In abut 40 wrds）
第二节（20分）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。六月十四日是世界献血者日（ Wrld Bld Dnr Day），你在京学习的英国好友Jim决定当天去献血，并询问你的意愿。请你用英文给他回复一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 你的答复及理由；
2. 提醒注意事项。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
9 April 2024
Dear Jim，
Yurs，
Li Hua
（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）