高中英语牛津译林版 (2020)必修 第三册Welcome to the unit导学案

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知识精讲
知识点01 目标词汇
1.injure vt. 伤害；使受伤； 损害
原文：Only 5 students suffered slight injuries, despite the current figures 200 injured in the disaster area at large.
【词块积累】
(1)injured adj. 受伤的
the injured 伤员
(2)injury n. 伤；伤口；伤害
d sb. an injury/d an injury t sb. 伤害某人
【链接高考】
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷) As a result, she says, sme f the injuries assciated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncmmn amng race walkers.
因此, 她说, 一些与跑步有关的损伤, 比如跑步者的膝伤, 在竞走者中并不常见。
（2018北京卷）A mnth befre my first marathn, ne f my ankles was injured and this meant nt running fr tw weeks, leaving me nly tw weeks t train.在 我第一次参加马拉松比赛的一个月前，我的一个脚踝受伤了，这意味着我两周不能跑步，只剩下两周的训练时间。
（2017全国卷II）These chemicals cme frm the injured parts f the plant and seem t be an alarm. 这些化学物质来自植物受伤的部分，似乎是一个警报。
【跟踪典例】完成句子
1.Tw peple ________ (严重受伤) in the rad accident last night.
2. ________ (受伤者) were taken t the nearest hspital.
3.What yu said just nw _________ (伤她的自尊).S she was very upset.
【词义辨析】injure, harm, wund, hurt
2.reactin n.反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应
原文：Her students' reactin was quick and crrect--they mved under their desks, head first, and held n t the legs f the desks.
【词块积累】
(1)reactin t...对……的反应
(2)react v.作出反应；回应
react t对……作出反应；回应……
react with... 与……起反应
react against 反抗
【链接高考】
（2020浙江卷）In the past, there was ften an autmatic reactin t increased traffic: just widen the rads, says Mark Pch, the Bellevue Transprtatin Department’s traffic engineering manager.
贝尔维尤运输部(Bellevue Transprtatin Department)交通工程经理马克·波奇(Mark Pch)说，过去，人们对交通流量增加往往会有一种自动反应：只要拓宽道路就行了。
（2017全国卷III）But we all have t accept that as we get lder ur reactins slw dwn and this ften results in peple aviding any ptentially challenging driving cnditins and lsing cnfidence in their driving skills.
但我们都必须承认，随着年龄的增长，我们的反应会变慢，这往往会导致人们避免任何可能具有挑战性的驾驶条件，并对自己的驾驶技术失去信心。
（2013四川卷）The study tested 20 healthy vlunteers n their reactins t fear as they were shwn pictures f fearful faces. 这项研究测试了20名健康的志愿者，当他们看到恐惧面孔的图片时，他们对恐惧的反应。
【跟踪典例】完成句子
1.It shws us hw irn reacts ______ air.
2.The residents ften react _________ the fficials.
这些居民经常与这些官员对抗。
3.你认为他会对这个坏消息作何反应？
①Hw d yu think ______________________________________？(react)
②What d yu think ______________________________________？(reactin)
3.cnfirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准
原文：After a rll call cnfirmed that all were safe and sund，they relaxed，laughing，crying and hugging each ther.
点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们才放松下来，笑啊，哭啊，互相拥抱着。
【词块积累】
(1) cnfirm ne’s pinin 证明某人的观点
It has been cnfirmed that 已确认
cnfirm ne's belief/ determinatin坚定某人的信念/决心
cnfirm sb. in sth.使某人坚信某事
cnfirmatin n.证实；确认
【链接高考】
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷) The fficial cnfirmed that the paintings were riginals and wrth as much as $50 millin.
官员证实了这两幅画是真迹, 价值五千万美元。
【跟踪典例】完成句子
1.______________________________ the meeting will take place next week.
已经确定会议将于下个星期召开。
2.The latest evidence cnfirmed me ______ his hnesty.
3.I'm still waiting fr _______________(cnfirm) f the test results.
4.(2020.江苏阅读理解改编) The daily number f newly cured and discharged patients exceeded that f the newly ____________ cases.
4. signal vi.& vt.发信号，示意；标志n.信号，暗号；信号灯；标志
原文：She signalled t her students t exit the classrm in an rderly line cvering their heads with their hands.她示意学生们抱着头，排好队，有序离开教室。
【词块积累】
(1)a danger/warning signal 危险/警告信号
traffic signals 交通信号灯
(2)signal (t)sb.t d sth. 示意某人做某事
signal t sb. 向某人示意
signal (sb.)that... 示意(某人)……
【链接高考】
（2021浙江卷1月）In ne case, a mther presents her ft t her crying baby, signaling " Climb n me. “
在一个案例中，一位母亲把脚伸给哭闹的婴儿，示意“爬到我身上来。”
（2020浙江卷）Bellevue, a fast-grwing city just east f Seattle, uses a system that is gaining ppularity arund the US: intersectin(十字路口) signals that can adjust in real time t traffic cnditins. These lights, knwn as adaptive signals, have led t significant declines in bth the truble and cst f travels between wrk and hme.
位于西雅图东部的贝尔维尤是一个快速发展的城市，该市使用的一种系统在美国越来越受欢迎:可以根据交通状况实时调整的十字路口信号。 这些灯被称为自适应信号，已经显著降低了往返于工作和家庭之间的麻烦和成本。
【词义辨析】signal，sign，symbl，mark
【跟踪典例】完成句子
①The guard seems t be signalling us with his arm.
②The pliceman signalled us (crss)the rad.
③Tm turned left at the traffic (signal).
④The gentleman signalled me with a smile.
5.ccur vi 发生；出现；存在于
原文：Sabrina had just learnt abut tsunamis in a Gegraphy lessn. It immediately ccurred t her that these were signs f an appraching tsunami.
【词块积累】
(1)sth. ccurs/ccurred t sb. 某人突然想起某事；某人发生某事
It ccurs t sb. d... 某人突然想到……
(2)ccurrence n.出现；发生，事件
【链接高考】
(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)We are the prducts f evlutin, and nt just evlutin that ccurred billins f years ag.
我们是进化的产物, 而不仅仅是数十亿年前发生的进化。
（2019北京卷）In a wrld that warms up by 3℃，it fund that multiple changes t the clur f the ceans wuld ccur. 研究发现，在一个升温3℃的世界里，海洋的颜色会发生多种变化。
【跟踪典例】完成句子
① A brilliant idea ccurred ______ me this mrning when I was brushing my teeth.
② I suppse it didn't ccur t yu _______ (phne) the plice.
③An idea f develping turism in this regin ____________（我想到）.
④It ccurred t me _________________________(和他交流意见）.
⑤___________________(他忽然想到）he had nt turned the cmputer ff.
6.relief n. 宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济
原文：T her great relief, the fficer immediately realized the cming danger.
使她大为宽慰的是，这名安全员立即意识到了即将到来的危险。
【词块积累】
(1)t ne’s relief令某人欣慰的是
with relief欣慰地；如释重负地
It’s a relief t d sth. 做某事是令人欣慰的。
(2)relieve vt.减轻；解除；救援
relieve sb. f... 减轻某人的……；将某人从……中解脱出来
(3)relieved adj.感到宽慰的
【链接高考】
(2020·浙江高考) Thugh still trembling with fear, we felt relieved and safe.
虽然依然因恐惧而颤抖, 我们感到宽慰了、安全了。
（2019全国卷II）Still, mst f us vlunteers breathe a sigh f relief when the seasn cmes t a clse. 尽管如此，当这个季节结束时，我们大多数志愿者都松了一口气。
（2016江苏卷）Accrding t the Overseas Develpment Institute (ODI), hwever, just 12% f disaster-relief funding in the past tw decades has gne n reducing risks in advance, rather than recvery and rebuilding afterwards. 然而，根据海外发展研究所(ODI)的数据，在过去20年里，只有12%的救灾资金用于提前降低风险，而不是在事后进行恢复和重建。
【跟踪典例】完成句子
① She smiled ___ relief after she heard her sn had been admitted t Tsinghua University.
② -Dn't wrry, Mum. The dctr said it was nly the flu.
-What ______ relief! I'll tell Dad there's nthing serius.
③ In a way it was a relief ______ (knw) exactly what was happening.
④ A dctr is t wrk fr the _______ (relieve) f patients' suffering.
⑤ _______ ur relief, the ld temples in this regin were nly slightly damaged in the disaster.
7.infrm vt. 通知；了解，熟悉
原文：Remember t infrm yurself f what is ging n.
【词块积累】
(1) infrm sb. f sth. 通知某人某事
infrm sb. that...通知某人……
keep sb. infrmed f sth. 随时告知某人某事
(2)infrmatin n.信息
【链接高考】
（2021全国乙卷）In arund 80 A.D., the Rmans built the Clsseum, which remains the wrld’s best knwn stadium and cntinues t infrm cntemprary design. 大约在公元80年，罗马人建造了圆形大剧场，至今仍是世界上最著名的体育场，并继续为当代设计提供灵感。
（2020天津卷）Once the bk yu’ve requested is delivered t the nearest branch, they will infrm yu by e-mail, s yu can pick it up.
你要的书一旦送到最近的分行，他们会通过电子邮件通知你，你就可以去取书了。
（2014新课标卷I）The Cambridge Science Festival (CSF) is pleased t infrm yu f the sixth annual Curisity Challenge. 剑桥科学节(CSF)很高兴地通知您第六届年度好奇挑战。
【跟踪典例】完成句子
1.We shuld infrm the persn _____ the lng prcess as sn as pssible.
我们应该尽快通知那个人这个漫长的过程。
2.Dn’t share persnal ______________(infrm) r stries.(2019·全国Ⅲ)
3.有任何进展我们都会随时通知你。
①We will ____________________________________________.
②We will ____________________________________________.
知识点02 重点句型
1.Alice Brwn，head teacher at Falmnt Primary Schl，was teaching when the flr began t shake.
【句式分析】
本句中含有be 句型，意为：正在做……，这时……
※when用作并列连词，表示“这时”之意，还用于以下三种句型：
(1)be abut t 正要做……，这时……
(2)be n the pint f 正要做……，这时……
(3)had just 刚做完……这时……
【跟踪典例】完成句子
(1)The wman was abut t signal ________ the telephne rang.
(2)The man ______________________________________________________ smene rushed in.
这个人正打算离开，这时有人冲了进来。
(3)She _________________________________________ her mther asked her t play the pian.
她刚刚做完作业，妈妈就让她弹琴。
(4)The by was walking in the street and at that time he was attracted by a bird.
→The by was walking in the street __________________________________.
能力拓展
分层提分
题组A 基础过关练
一、根据汉语意思填写单词
1．Peple began t wnder hw lng the________（灾难；灾害）wuld last.
2．It ________ (突然想到) t me that I had tns f wrk t finish. I culdn’t affrd t waste ne secnd.
3．Her mther ______ (示意) her t g back hme when it was time fr supper.
4．It has been ______（确认）that the Wrld Internet Cnference will take place next week.
5．This prduced a chain ________(反应), which made it pssible fr life t develp.
6．She said his friends culd sleep ver in the big rm______(在楼下).
7．Making a cmplaint is quite a simple_________（程序）.
8．The plane ________ (撞击) int a muntain and nbdy n bard survived.
9．Still, mst f us vlunteers breathe a sigh f ________ (宽慰) when the seasn cmes t a clse.
10．He expressed his gratitude t the ________ (员工) fr what they had dne fr the cmpany.
二、用单词的适当形式完成句子
11．When she packed her suitcase befre heading t Wuhan, her daughter was ________(scare) t tears.
12．There has been a very different ________ (react) t the decisin.
13．He gt up early and hurried t the bus statin, nly ________ (find) the early train had gne.
14．Yu shuld keep us ________(infrm) whenever yu are in truble.
15．T ur ________(relieve), everyne tried their best and everything wrked ut well.
16．The accident left Sang Lan seriusly ________ (injure), but she never lses heart.
17．The wildfires, melting icebergs and rising sea level are all warnings abut the ________ (destry) impact f human activities n the fragile ecsystem.
18．It had never ________(ccur) t Cinderella she wuld becme a princess smeday.
19．It’s just a _________(distant) f 50 miles frm here t the restaurant.
20．I am t nervus _________ (answer) the questin crrectly.
21．The by made a sudden actin t_________(scary)the dg away.
22．It suddenly ___________(ccur) t me that I culd use a cmputer t d the jb.
23．They're neither medical wrkers in clse cntact with the nvel crnavirus nr gvernment fficials wh receive the latest updates f the situatin—yet they're keeping us ________ (infrm)f the develpment f the epidemic.
24．We have a lt f things________（d）, but packing is at the tp f the list.
25．As fewer peple chse t make sugar paintings, the traditinal Chinese flk craft(手艺) might have becme a ________ (distance) memry in sme ways.
26．We will keep yu ________ (infrm) as the prject prgresses.
27．Thank yu fr infrming us ________ the change in the schedule s that we can make sme necessary adjustments.
28．These chemicals cme frm the ________ (injury) parts f the plant and seem t be an alarm.
29．Tday, the scars(创痕)f ________ (destructive) are still seen in Rckaway, but hpe is in the air.
30．In the past, there was ften an autmatic ________ (react) t increased traffic: just widen the rads, says Mark Pch.
题组B 能力提升练
三、完形填空
The earthquake（地震） was ver and the city was in ruins.
I had n chice but t walk hme when all the ____31____ had stpped as a result f the quake. On my way hme I ____32____ an ld lady at a bakery shp giving ut free bread, which made my heart ____33____. A man was hlding a sign saying, "Please use ur ____34____." He was____35____ his huse fr peple t g t the bathrm.
My friend, wh wanted t be f help t thers, std in the cld with a sign "If yu dn't ____36____ a car, I'll be glad t drive yu hme." And then I saw him pick up an ld man and drive him all the way t a faraway place!
Then next day I drve t have my car filled up. There was nt enugh ____37____ nw and many gas statins were either clsed r have very ____38____ lines. I gt wrried, since I was behind fifteen cars. Finally, when my turn came, the man smiled and said, " ____39____ this terrible earthquake, we are nly giving $ 30 wrth gas per persn. Is that alright?" " _____40_____. It's nice that we are all able t share," I said. His smile gave me s much cmfrt.
At the escape centre I saw a man _____41_____ when peple brught fd t him. It was the first time in three days that fd had been brught t their centre. Hwever, after he cleaned up the tears, his next _____42_____ surprised me. "I am very _____43_____ that we are prvided with fd. But peple in the city next t us haven't _____44_____ any fd at all. Please g t that centre as well."
Hearing that, I believed there was a bright future n the ther side f this _____45_____.
31．A．lifeB．businessC．rescueD．traffic
32．A．nticedB．missedC．ignredD．tld
33．A．kindB．brkenC．warmD．empty
34．A．htelB．tiletC．hspitalD．car
35．A．peningB．sellingC．repairingD．building
36．A．buyB．careC．matterD．have
37．A．gasB．infrmatinC．fdD．water
38．A．directB．fineC．lngD．thin
39．A．Except frB．Tgether withC．Instead fD．Because f
40．A．Nt at allB．Of curseC．N wayD．Never mind
41．A．cryingB．eatingC．smilingD．singing
42．A．waysB．rlesC．wrdsD．prmises
43．A．sureB．gratefulC．surprisedD．prud
44．A．bughtB．wastedC．preparedD．received
45．A．disasterB．chanceC．cityD．centre
题组C 培优拔尖练
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
This stry tk place abut seven years ag.But images f that week are still clear in my mind.During that week, we had t face up t a ____46____ (pwer) hurricane (飓风).The fact that I was still little seemed t increase____47____(it) frce. And I culd hear the nise f the wind blwing n the windws, ____48____ were shaking. Outside, everything was flying r mving.
In fact, the hurricane did nt crss the island nly nce, but three times, ____49____(cause) mre and mre damage at each crssing.During the entire week fllwing that event, we were nt able ____50____(g) ut f the huse. All able____51____(rad)were cut ff, and we did nt have running water.
Under thse cnditins, ____52____ hardest part was having n cntact____53____ the rest f my family living arund the island. The fear f lsing my clse friends and relatives was____54____(certain) hard t stand. We stayed like that fr ne unpleasant week befre everything_____55_____(fix). Fr me, thse seven days were a real nightmare (噩梦).
目标词汇
1. __________n.灾难，灾害；彻底失败
2. __________n.碰撞声，破裂声；碰撞；崩溃
vi.& vt.碰撞，撞击；崩溃
3. __________vi.& vt.发信号，示意；标志
n.信号，暗号；标志；信号灯
4. __________vi.& vt.出去，离去，退场；退出
n.出口，通道；离开
5. __________vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准
6. __________vt.拥抱，搂抱；抱紧
7. __________n.程序，步骤，手续
8. __________adj.奇怪的，怪异的；偶尔的；不成对的
9. __________vi.发生，出现；存在于
10．________ vt.伤害，使受伤；损害→_______ n．伤害→_______ adj.受伤的
11．______ n．反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应→_______vi.反应
12．______ adj.守秩序的；有条理的，整齐的→______ n．顺序
13．_____n．宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济→_______ vt.减轻
14．______ adj.引起破坏(或毁灭)的， 破坏(或毁灭性)的→_______ v．破坏→_______ n．破坏
15．______ vt.通知；了解，熟悉→______ n．信息
目标短语
1. __________整个，全部
2. __________安然无恙的
3. __________被想到，浮现在脑中
4. __________(在困境中)保持冷静
5. __________紧紧抓住
6. __________同时
7. __________让某人宽慰的是
8. __________吹走
9. __________通知某人……
10. __________面临……
11.__________以防，以防万一
12.__________一系列(L1P17)
13.__________提醒某人注意某事，是某人警醒(L13)
14.__________有作用，有影响(P19)
15.__________绑住，拴住
16.__________不断给某人提供消息
句型
1. be 句型
injure
指人在意外事故中受到的伤害，可用于无生命物体的损坏，更多用于对人的某个部位的损伤。
wund
指利器或子弹对肉体造成的伤害，是出血的、严重的伤，特指战场上的受伤。
hurt
指一般的肉体伤害，尤指精神上或感情上的伤害。此外hurt也可用作不及物动词，意为“受伤”。
harm
特指伤及一个人或其心情、健康、权利、事业等，并使之产生痛苦、损害或某种不幸遭遇。
signal
指为某一目的而有意发出的信号。
sign
表示“告示，标记”时，侧重指用图形、文字等所表达的内容，另外还可指“征兆，迹象”。
symbl
指象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。
mark
普通用词，含义广泛。既可指为便于辨认而有意做的标记，又可指自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征，还可以指污点、污渍、分数、成绩等。