湖南省长沙市2023-2024学年高二下学期第一次学情检测试卷英语试卷(含答案)

这是一份湖南省长沙市2023-2024学年高二下学期第一次学情检测试卷英语试卷(含答案)，共21页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，短文填空，书面表达，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、阅读理解
Where t Eat in Malaysia
Malaysia ffers a wide range f fd chices, ranging frm fine dining t street fd. Elsewhere, restaurants and fd stalls are readily available.
Old China Cafe
Eating here is a little like dining in a museum as the walls are lined with phts and memrabilia f the lcal Chinese laundryman’s assciatin. Chinese and Asian dishes keep regulars and travellers cming back fr mre. The menu changes mnthly.
San Pedr
This restaurant serves Prtuguese cuisine. Try the baked fish (seabass r red snapper), curry debal chicken (can be quite spicy), fried brinjals and the black pepper crabs. Call ahead t reserve a table (and yur fish), because nce their fish runs ut, they will clse fr the day.
The Bungalw
Facing the htel pl and the beach, this restaurant has indr and utdr seating. At night, the atmsphere is very rmantic. The Chinese menu cncentrates n traditinal Hainanese dishes, but includes dishes such as fish curry, chicken rice and filet mignn.
N. 7 Sup Crner
Even if yu miss this buffet-style restaurant at the rad bend, yu will nt miss the number f cars parked at the rad shulder r the lcals heading t it during lunchtime. It serves Malay dishes. First get yur plate f rice, and then take whatever yu wuld like t eat. Present yur fd plate t the lady at the cunter and pay fr it. Clsed n Fridays and during Ramadan (斋月). Cme early as there’s always a crwd utside.
1．What d Old China Cafe and the Bungalw have in cmmn?
A. They are based in htels.B. They have seasnal set menus.
C. They have atmspheric settings.D. They adpt mdern cking methds.
2．Which restaurant serves western cuisine?
A. Old China Cafe. B. N.7 Sup Crner.
C. The Bungalw.D. San Pedr.
3．What d we knw abut N. 7 Sup Crner?
A. It is incnveniently lcated.B. It is a self-service restaurant.
C. It requires a restaurant bking.D. It pens every day except the weekends.
At the first exhibitin f Henri Russeau’s paintings in 1886, the public laughed ut lud, and critics made fun f his riginal, unschled style, ne writing “Mnsieur Russeau paints with his feet, and his eyes cvered.”
Despite heavy criticism thrughut his life, Russeau kept painting, cnfident in his gift. He never received frmal training in the arts because his family was t pr. Fr mre than twenty years, he wrked at the Paris custms ffice. It wasn’t until the age f 40 that he tk up the brush, teaching himself t paint by cpying wrks at the Luvre and studying nature. “Nthing makes me s happy as t bserve nature and t paint what I see.” he said.
Thugh his best-knwn paintings are f jungle scenes with mnkeys, lins, and small wds, Russeau never left France r saw a jungle. T paint freign plants and animals, he relied n bks, btanical gardens(植物园) in Paris, and his imaginatin. “When I g int the glasshuse and I see the strange plants f faraway lands,” he nce said, “it seems t me that I enter int a dream.”
Russeau claimed t have invented a new style f painting called the landscape—prtrait, in which he paints a backgrund view and then adds a persn in the fregrund later, as he did in Myself: Prtrait-Landscape (1890).
Called a naive (天真) artist due t his childlike, untrained style, Russeau painted clrs ne at a time, starting frm the tp and wrking his way dwn. While critics described his wrks as flat and inexact descriptins f nature, he earned the respect f artists like Pabl Picass and Wassily Kandinsky, wh thught Russeau was nt smething new.
Thugh his wrk was never accepted by the art wrld in his time, Russeau’s paintings hang in museums arund the wrld tday. And Russeau’s riginal apprach t art has inspired cuntless artists t fllw their wn unique views.
4．Why did Russeau have n frmal training in arts?
A. Because he preferred painting in his wn way.
B. Because he was afraid f being criticized by thers.
C. Because his family culdn’t affrd the training.
D. Because there were mre t be fund in nature.
5．What can we learn abut Russeau?
A. He was unwilling t develp a persnal style.
B. He mved t a jungle t study nature.
C. He came frm an artistic family.
D. He was indeed a self-taught painter.
6．What is Russeau’s art like?
A. It is black-and-white.B. It is simple and riginal.
C. It presents scial reality.D. It emplys persns in the backgrund.
7．What des the last paragraph mainly tell us?
A. Russeau’s wrks have nw been recgnized.
B. Russeau earned a gd reputatin in his time.
C. Russeau encuraged yung artists t fllw his ftsteps.
D. Russeau’s paintings have hardly ever been shwn in museums.
With the explsin f chatbts like ChatGPT driving the tech bm, many peple have cnsidered the fear in mind: will AI replace human beings? Discussin in the media wuld have us believe that such fear is unnecessary. Hwever, the runaway success f a Chinese AI-pwered digital prtrait generatr (生成器) has ignited such fears again, especially amng scial media users.
Users f the mbile app need t pay 9.9 yuan ($1.4) and uplad at least 20 recent prtraits each t get a digital clne, which can be used t create different types f prtraits fit fr ID purpses, frmal ccasins r even everyday lifestyle.
Accrding t an nline survey frm lifestyle platfrm Xiahngshu, 72% f the users preferred the pht created by the generatr t thse created by a renwned prfessinal prtrait phtgraphy chain in China. Facial expressins, lighting, verall appearance ... the whle range f technical aspects seemed superir. Take me fr example, mst imprtantly, I didn’t need t spend mre time and mney in dressing up and striking unnatural pses in frnt f a grup f unfamiliar peple. I culd get varius phts at the price f, say, a cup f Starbucks cffee, withut having t step ut f my hme.
S, in the next step, will phtgraphers, image specialists and such peple lse their jbs? Unlikely.
Tech withut the human tuch has its wn shrtcmings. I sn discvered that many f my friends als tried ut the app, and their prtraits had the same r similar pses and cstumes etc.—a kind f ne-size-fits-all setting. Which is t say that hmgenizatin (均质化) makes ffline pht studies a necessity still. It’s t early t say that AI prtrait apps will replace ffline pht studis.
Sme peple feel AIGC (生成式人工智能) may be just a passing tech trend. A real- wrld assessment tk place between AI dctrs and human dctrs in June. T everyne’s surprise, human dctrs scred an average f 7.5 ut f 10, while AI dctrs scred 7.2. AI dctrs’ recmmendatins, hwever, were fund t be 96 percent as gd as thse f tp-level physicians.
Ma Ting, a prfessr f neurinfrmatics (神经信息学) said when dctrs make decisins based n patients’ diagnses, they cnsider multidimensinal data, which are difficult fr AI t access and assess. “T fully allw AI t mve frm its general understanding t advanced intelligence, we still need mre research, mre data and mre intelligent algrithms(算法).” Ma said.
8．What des the underlined wrd “ignited” mean in the article?
A. Reduced.B. Caused.C. Increased.D. Reminded.
9．What des the survey shw us accrding t paragraph 3?
A. Mst users prefer AI-generated prtraits fr frmal ccasins.
B. Mst users prefer well-knwn prtraits phtgraphy chains.
C. Mst users believe that AI-generated prtraits are unique and persnalized.
D. Mst users value cnvenience and cst-effectiveness by the prtrait generatr.
10．Why des the authr believe that ffline pht studis is still a necessity?
A. AI prtrait apps ffer a variety f pses and cstumes.
B. AI-generated prtraits lack uniqueness f an individual.
C. Offline pht studis ffered the similar pses and cstumes.
D. Offline pht studis have a kind f ne-size-fits-all setting.
11．What is the main idea f the last paragraph?
A. AI can cnsider multidimensinal data when diagnsing patients.
B. Dctrs make decisins based merely n AI assistance.
C. AI has mved frm its general understanding t advanced intelligence.
D. Further imprvement t AI’s capabilities is needed at present.
After nearly 70 years f space explratin, Earth is nw surrunded by space junk. Recently, an accident made the cleanup mre difficult t start.
Accrding t the Eurpean Space Agency (ESA), scientists plan n testing their “junk truck”, ClearSpace-1, in 2025. It’s a spacecraft with fur arms that can catch debris (碎片) and bring it back t Earth. They have chsen t bring back VESPA, a 113-kilgram, tw-meter-wide rcket part. Hwever, in August, it was hit by anther piece f space junk, creating new pieces. The ESA is nw revising its cleanup plan.
Mst satellites tday are sent int Earth’s lw rbit, which reaches up t arund 2,000 kilmeters abve the Earth. There, spacecraft are mst likely t crash with each ther. There may be as many as 170 millin pieces f space junk in rbit. Big r small, any f the pieces can cause harm t a spacecraft.
In terms f the cleanup, scientists have sme ther ideas. One ppular plan is t equip a spacecraft with harpns (叉) and magnets (磁铁). The craft wuld sht the harpn t stick int the debris befre “thrwing” it back t Earth. Magnets culd mve the debris, changing its directin. The debris wuld burn after entering Earth’s atmsphere s there wuldn’t be much left when it reaches Earth. Scientists are als cnsidering shting lasers (激光) frm spacecraft t heat up the debris’ surface, creating a small push that wuld change the debris’ rbit. This change wuld allw the debris t be caught by Earth’s gravity.
Space junk can be very dangerus, and space agencies arund the wrld are testing and planning the cleanup. But why haven’t they dne anything yet? One reasn is the expense.
It wuld take between $4, 000 and $60, 000 per kilgram t catch ne piece f debris larger than 10 cm. And arund $300 millin is needed t develp the laser technlgy.
12．What’s the missin f ClearSpace-1?
A. T mark Earth’s lw rbit.B. T mnitr space debris.
C. T study the harm f space junk.D. T bring VESPA back t Earth.
13．Hw d lasers wrk in cleaning up space debris?
A. By burning it up in space.B. By pushing it int deeper space.
C. By mving it twards a spacecraft. D. By redirecting it int the atmsphere.
14．What’s a disadvantage f the cleanup accrding t the last tw paragraphs?
A. It’s cmplex.B. It’s risky.C. It’s cstly.D. It’s changeable.
15．What might be a suitable title?
A. Escaping frm Crwded SpaceB. Lking fr Ways t Clean up Space
C. Dangerus Space DebrisD. Exceptinal Space Explratin
二、七选五
16．Are yu frequently depressed by the feeling that life is leaving yu behind particularly when yu lk ver scial media sites and are faced with all the exciting things yur friends are up t? ①_______
FOMO, r Fear f Missing Out refers t the perceptin that ther peple’s lives are superir t ur wn. It appears as a deep sense f envy, and cnstant expsure t it can have a weakening effect n ur self-esteem (自尊).
While feelings f envy and lack f cnfidence seem t be human nature, scial media seems t have added fuel t the fire. ②_______ Scial media, with its built-in appeal, allws us t share nly the best presentatins f ur life, while leaving ut the mre bring aspects. Althugh this culd be characterized as dishnest, it is the atmsphere scial media seems t demand. S hw d we avid being trapped int ur wn insecurities by scial media?
Cnsider yur wn scial media psts. ③_______ Well, s have thers. And what they’ve left hidden is the fact that bredm, lneliness and unpleasant chres are an unavidable part f everyne’s life, and yu’re nt the nly ne feeling left ut.
④_______ Yu may nt be a regular at fancy parties r a climber f dizzying peaks, but yu have yur health, a place t live and real friends wh appreciate yur presence in their lives.
Learn t shake it ff. We are all flded daily with phts f ther peple’s perfectins, but really, what des it matter? ⑤_______ And even if yu are mre easily affected than thers by scial media envy, all yu need t d is t lk arund yu and acknwledge that yu are ding pretty well after all.
A.If s, yu are nt alne.
B.Value yur friends in real life.
C.Learn t appreciate the psitives.
D.Why des it have such a stimulating effect?
E.They are prbably n mre real than the funniest reality TV shw.
F.The feeling that we are left ut has lng-term damaging psychlgical cnsequences.
G.Have yu ever chsen phts that lead thers t the rsiest cnclusins abut yur life?
三、完形填空（15空）
Brennn had been an experienced barber fr a shp fr years. He 1 half a year ag because he wanted t d smething meaningful. Later, n a busy 2 in Philadelphia, with a chalkbard saying “Haircuts fr the Hmeless”, he was 3 free haircuts t any hmeless persn arund Philadelphia.
Such a 4 is sure t draw the eye f average passers-by. Sean Jhnsn was n 5 . He was willing t give Brennn a jb. Hwever, Brennn said he had t 6 because he didn’t d this t get paid but just t 7 the hmeless.
A mnth later, Sean invited Brennn t his new barbershp after 8 Brennn again wh was giving haircuts n anther street. Sean did smething 9 when they gt inside — he gave Brennn the 10 saying, “It’s yurs nw.”
“Yu see many bad things in this city. When yu see 11 things, yu just want t be a part f them,” Sean said. Brennn saw this as an 12 t d even further gd fr the hmeless and accepted Sean’s 13 .
Tuesday thrugh Sunday, Brennn’s barbershp wuld be just a 14 ne, serving the paying custmers. But every Mnday wuld be set aside 15 fr prviding haircuts fr the hmeless, still free f charge.
17．A. resigned B. graduated C. hesitated D. failed
18．A. square B. sidewalk C. market D. platfrm
19．A. taking ver B. setting aside C. keeping up D. giving ut
20．A. reprt B. business C. scene D. cnditin
21．A. fl B. bjectr C. exceptin D. fun
22．A. cmprmise B. explain C. leave D. decline
23．A. encurage B. attract C. cmfrt D. supprt
24．A. turning t B. running int C. hearing f D. lking fr
25．A. unbelievable B. unreasnable C. uneasy D. unnecessary
26．A. keys B. tls C. tasks D. chices
27．A. cnsistent B. wnderful C. creative D. familiar
28．A. alternative B. experiment C. pprtunity D. attempt
29．A. kindness B. advice C. invitatin D. pliteness
30．A. new B. nrmal C. mdern D. unique
31．A. ccasinally B. exactly C. casually D. strictly
四、短文填空
32．It is n secret that China has an incredibly rich, cmplex and ancient histry and culture. My first ①______ (expse) t Chinese culture came ttally by chance. At 8, I walked int a bkshp and picked a bk frm ne f the ②______ (shelf). Nevertheless, the bk turned ut t be the “Ta Te Ching”, a deeply philsphical bk f Taism. As an 8-year-ld, the bk’s cntent was ③______ (bvius) lst n me, but it prvided me with an early cnnectin t a prfund philsphical traditin by ④______ I am still influenced tday. At schl I began studying Chinese. My interest in the language develped early n, ⑤______ (cmbine) my lve f travelling with my lve f meeting new peple.
Culture and fd are clsely cnnected and perhaps nwhere else can this be seen mre clearly ⑥______ in China. In recent years there ⑦______ (be) a rise in restaurants ffering a variety f fds here. I have intrduced many f my friends t Chinese histry and culture thrugh a ⑧______ (share) lve f fd.
⑨______ is safe t say that my jurney has nly just begun. These first steps are nly a drp in the cean f lifelng learning, but as the Chinese philspher Lazi said, “A jurney f a thusand miles ⑩______ (begin) with a single step.”
五、书面表达
33．假定你是李华，星期六晚上 8 点学校礼堂将放映电影《郑和下西洋》（A Treasure Ship Captain）。你想请在学校学习的外国朋友 Peter 来一起观看。请给他写一封邀请函。内容包括：
1.电影放映的时间和地点；
2.简单介绍郑和及郑和下西洋的意义；
3.建议他看电影前先了解相关的历史。
注意：1. 可以增加适当的细节，以使行文连贯；
2. 词数 80 左右，信的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总数。
Dear Peter,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
六、读后续写
34．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段， 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“Bang…!” Sara pushed the dr pen. She threw her schl bag nt the flr and called ut, “I’m hme!” N answer. The huse was silent. It sunded empty, but she knew it wasn’t. Her mum and dad were wrking upstairs.
Sara gt a glass f range juice, went int the cnservatry (玻璃房) and sat dwn in her favurite chair. The garden was still in the dark afternn. On ne side, her mum’s garden was neat and tidy with bring shrt grass, bring straight flwerbeds and bring straight paths. But n the ther side, Sara’s Nature Garden lked wild and exciting with big dead sunflwers and tall grasses.
“Nbdy is interested in me. Mum and dad nly think abut their wrk,” she thught sadly.
Then she recalled: One mnth earlier, she learned in a magazine that many dgs were abandned because their wners gt bred with them; One hur earlier, she saw a cute dg wagging its tail and licking her friend’s face.
Sara knew tday was special. Tday things were changing. She culdn’t wait any lnger. It’s time t talk t her parents.
S Sara gt up frm her chair and climbed all the way t the lft ( 阁楼). “Mum, I want a talk.” said Sara. “Just a minute!” Her mum clicked n the keybard, tk ff her glasses and turned t her daughter. Sara cughed, tk a deep breath, and tld her mum that she wanted a dg. “N, Sara. That’s impssible,” her mum said firmly. Sara went t her father but gt the same answer. She rushed int her rm angrily and slammed the dr shut.
Later, Sara’s mum kncked at the dr and went in. “Darling, we knw this is imprtant t yu. Yu can have a dg if yu take the respnsibility. But lk at yur Nature Garden, yur schl bag, yur bedrm! What a mess! D yu think yu can take gd care f a dg?” said her mum.
注意：1.续写词数应为 150 左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Sara was lst in thught and decided t make sme changes.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With the dg’s cmpany, Sara began her busy but jyful life.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。文章Old China Cafe段讲到"Eating here is a little like dining in a museum as the walls are lined with phts and memrabilia f the lcal Chinese laundryman's assciatin (在这里吃饭有点像在博物馆里吃饭，因为墙上挂满了当地中国洗衣工协会的照片和纪念品)"以及The Bungalw段讲到"At night, the atmsphere is very rmantic (晚上，氛围非常浪漫)"可知，老中国咖啡馆和Bungalw的共同点是两家餐馆都有氛围布置。故选C。
2．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。文章San Pedr段讲到"Even if yu miss this buffet-style restaurant at the rad bend以及First get yur plate f rice, and then take whatever yu wuld like t eat. Present yur fd plate t the lady at the cunter and pay fr it (即使你错过了这家位于街角的自助餐厅以及先拿一盘米饭，然后想吃什么就吃什么。把你的餐盘交给柜台上的女士，然后付钱)"可知，San Pedr餐馆提供西餐。故选D。
3．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。文章N. 7 Sup Crner段讲到"First get yur plate f rice, and then take whatever yu wuld like t eat (先拿一 盘米饭，然后想吃什么就吃什么) "可知，七号Sup Crner餐厅是一家自助餐厅。故选B。
4．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段"He never received frmal training in the arts because his family was t pr.(由于家境贫寒，他从未接 受过正式的艺术训练。) "可知，卢梭没有接受过 正式的艺术培训是因为他的家庭负担不起培训费 用。故选C。
5．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段"He never received frmal training in the arts because his family was t pr.(由于家境贫寒，他从未接 受过正式的艺术训练。)"以及"It wasn't until the age f 40 that he tk up the brush, teaching himself t paint by cpying wrks at the Luvre and studying nature.(直到40岁时，他才拿起画 笔，通过在卢浮宫临摹作品和研究自然来自学绘 画。) "可知，卢梭是自学成才的画家。故选D。
6．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段"Russeau claimed t have invented a new style f painting called the landscape-prtrait(卢梭声称自己发明了一种新的绘画风格，叫做风景肖像画，)"和第五段"Called a naive(天真)artist due t his childlike, untrained style (由于他的风格幼稚，未经训练，被称为天真的艺术家)", 可知，卢梭的艺术简单而新颖。故选B。
7．答案：A
解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段"Thugh his wrk was never accepted by the art wrld in his time, Russeau's paintings hang in museums arund the wrld tday.(尽管卢梭的作品从未被 当时的艺术界所接受，但他的作品如今仍被挂在世界各地的博物馆里。)"及全文我们可知，虽然卢梭的作品在当时没有得到社会的认可与肯定，但是他的作品现在在全球很多博物馆被展出，说明卢梭的作品现在已经得到认可。故选A。
8．答案：B
解析：词句猜测题。根据划线词上文"With the explsin f chatbts like ChatGPT driving the tech bm, many peple have cnsidered the fear in mind; will Al replace human beings? Discussin in the media wuld have us believe that such fear is unnecessary. (随着像ChatGPT这样的聊天机器人的爆炸式增长推动了科技的繁荣，许多人都在考虑这样一个恐惧:人工智能会取代人类吗? 媒体的讨论会让我们相信这种恐惧是不必要的)"可知，经过讨论，我们担心人工智能会取代人类是不必要的。再根据划线词所 在句中的Hwever可知，此处与上文形成转折关系，说明中国人工智能数字肖像生成器的巨大成功再次引发了这种担忧。由此 可知，划线词ignited与caused"引起"意思接近。故选B。
9．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段"Accrding t an nline survey frm lifestyle platfrm Xiahngshu, 72% f the users preferred the pht created by the generatr t thse created by a renwned prfessinal prtrait phtgraphy chain in China. Facial expressins, lighting, verall appearance ... the whle range f technical aspects seemed superir. Take me fr example, mst imprtantly, I didn't need t spend mre time and mney in dressing up and striking unnatural pses in frnt f a grup f unfamiliar peple. I culd get varius phts at the price f, say, a cup f Starbucks cffee, withut having t step ut f my hme. (根据生活方式平台小红书的一项在线调查，72%的用户更喜欢由生成器制作的照片，而不是由国内知名的专业人像摄影连锁店制作的照片。面部表情、灯光、整体外 观整个技术层面似乎都更胜一筹。以我为例，最重要的是，我不需要花更多的时间和金钱在一群不熟悉的人面前打扮和摆 出不自然的姿势。我可以用一杯星巴克咖啡的价格拍下各种各样的照片，而不需要走出家门)"可知，调查显示，大多数用户看 重画像生成器的便利性和性价比。故选D。
10．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的"I sn discvered that many f my friends als tried ut the app, and their prtraits had the same r similar pses and cstumes etc,—a kind f ne-size-fits-all setting. Which is t say that hmgenizatin(均质化) makes ffline pht studies a necessity still.(我很快发现我的许多朋友也试用了这个应用程序，他们的照片有相同或相似的姿势和服装等种一刀切的设置。也就是说，同质化使得线下照片研究仍然是必要的)"可推知，作者认为，线下照相馆仍然是必要的，因为人工智能生成的人像缺乏个人的独特性。故选B。
11．答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。根据最后一段"Ma Ting, a prfessr f neurinfrmatics said when dctrs make decisins based n patients' diagnses, they cnsider multidimensinal data, which are difficult fr Al t access and assess. "T fully allw AI t mve frm its general understanding t advanced intelligence, we still need mre research, mre data and mre intelligent algrithms." Ma said.(神经信 息学教授马婷表示，当医生根据患者的诊断做出决定时，他们会考虑多维数据，而人工智能很难访问和评估这些数据。"为了让人工智能从一般的理解完全发展到高级智能，我们还需要更多的研究、更多的数据和更智能的算法。"马说) "可知，最后一段讲 述了人工智能的局限性，目前人工智能的能力还需要进一步提升。故选D。
12．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段 Accrding t the Eurpean Space Agency (ESA)，scientists plan n testing their "junk truck", ClearSpace-1, in 2025. It's a spacecraft with fur arms that can catch debris(碎片)and bring it back t Earth. They have chsen t bring back VESPA, a 113-kilgram, tw-meter-wide rcket part.(据欧洲航天局称，科学 家计划在2025年测试他们的"垃圾卡车"ClearSpace-1。它是一种有四个臂的航天器， 可以捕捉碎片井将其带回地球。他们选择带回 VESPA，一个113公斤，两米宽的火箭部件。)可知，ClearSpace-1的任务是把VESPA带回地球， 故选D项。
13．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段 Scientists are als cnsidering shting lasers (激 光)frm spacecraft t heat up the debris' surf ace, creating a small push that wuld change the debris' rbit. This change wuld allw the de bris t be caught by Earth's gravity.(科学家们 还在考虑从航天器发射激光来加热碎片的表面，从而产生一个小小的推动力，从而改变碎片的轨道。 这种变化将使碎片被地球引力捕获。)可知，激光通过加热太空垃圾的表面，改变其轨道，使其进入地球大气层，所以激光是通过将太空垃圾重定向进入地球大气层来清理太空垃圾，故选D项。
14．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后两段 Space junk can be very dangerus, and space agencies arund the wrld are testing and planning the cleanup. But why haven't they dne anything yet? One reasn is the expense. It wuld take between $4, 000 and $60, 000 per kilgram t catch ne piece f debris larger than 10 cm. And arund $300 millin is needed t develp the laser technlgy.(太空垃圾可能非常危险，世界各地的航天机构正在测试和 计划清理工作。但为什么他们还没有做任何事情 呢?一个原因是费用。每公斤需要4，000到60，000美元才能捕获一块大于10厘米的碎片。开发激光技术需要大约3亿美元。)可知清理太空垃圾的一个缺点是费用高昂，故选C项。
15．答案：B
解析：标题归纳题。根据整篇文章内容可知，文章 主要讨论了太空垃圾问题以及清理太空垃圾的方案 和困难性，因此B 项"Lking fr Ways t Clean up Space(寻找清理太空垃圾的方法) "最适合作为标题，故选B 项。
16．答案：①-⑤ADGCE
解析：①根据前句"Are yu frequently depressed by the feeling that life is leaving yu behind particularly when yu lk ver scial media sites and are faced with all the exciting things yur friends are up t?(你是否经常感到生活离你而去,尤其是当你浏览社交媒体网站时,面对着朋友们正在做的所有令人兴奋的事情?)"及下一段"FOMO,r Fear f Missing Out refers t the perceptin that ther peple's lives are superir t ur wn. It appears as a deep sense f envy,and cnstant expsure t it can have a weakening effect n ur self-esteem(自尊).(FOMO指的是别人的生活比我们自己的生活更优越的看法。它表现为一种强烈的嫉妒感,持续暴露在这种情绪下会削弱我们的自尊。)"可知,空处为承上启下句,即强烈的嫉妒感是很多人都有的感觉,引出下文对FOMO的介绍。所以选择项A"If s,yu are nt alne.(如果是这样,你并不孤单。)"符合上下文语境。故选A。
②根据前句"While feelings f envy and lack f cnfidence seem t be human nature,scial media seems t have added fuel t the fire.(嫉妒和缺乏自信似乎是人类的天性,而社交媒体似乎在火上浇油。)"和后文"Scial media, with its built-in appeal, allws us t share nly the best presentatins f ur life, while leaving ut the mre bring aspects. Althugh this culd be characterized as dishnest, it is the atmsphere scial media seems t demand.(社交媒体,以其固有的吸引力,让我们只分享我们生活中最好的一面,而忽略了更无聊的方面。虽然这可以被定性为不诚实,但这似乎是社交媒体所需要的氛围。)"可知,空处提问社交媒体为什么会有火上浇油的刺激作用,以引出下文对其原因的介绍。所以选择项D"Why des it have such a stimulating effect?(为什么它有这样的刺激作用?)"符合上下文语境。故选D。
③根据前句"Cnsider yur wn scial media psts.(考虑一下你自己的社交媒体帖子。)"和后文"Well,s have thers. And what they've left hidden is the fact that bredm, lneliness and unpleasant chres are an unavidable part f everyne's life,and yu're nt the nly ne feeling left ut.(其他人也是如此。而他们所隐藏的事实是,无聊、孤独和不愉快的家务是每个人生活中不可避免的一部分,你不是唯一一个被忽略的人。)"可知,呈现在社交媒体上一般都是经过选择过的,代表生活美好方面的。所以选择项G"Have yu ever chsen phts that lead thers t the rsiest cnclusins abut yur life?(你有没有选择过一些照片,让别人对你的生活得出最美好的结论?)"符合上下文语境。故选G。
④空处为本段主题句,根据后文"Yu may nt be a regular at fancy parties r a climber f dizzying peaks, but yu have yur health, a place t live and real friends wh appreciate yur presence in their lives.(你可能不是高档派对的常客,也不是攀登令人眼花缭乱的高峰的人,但你有健康的身体,有居住的地方,有真正的朋友,他们会欣赏你在他们生活中的存在。)"可知,本段主要介绍要学会欣赏积极的事物。所以选择项C"Learn t appreciate the psitives.(学会欣赏积极的事物。)"符合上下文语境。故选C。
⑤根据前句"We are all flded daily with phts f ther peple's perfectins,but really, what des it matter?(我们每天都被别人完美的照片淹没,但说真的,这有什么关系呢?)"可知,我们不能社交媒体上的完美照片的影响,因为它们不一定是真实的。所以选择项E"They are prbably n mre real than the funniest reality TV shw.(它们可能并不比最有趣的电视真人秀更真实。)"符合上下文语境。故选E。
17．答案：A
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.resigned辞职; B.graduated毕业; C.hesitated犹豫;D.failed失 败。句意:他半年前辞职了，因为他想做一些有意 义的事情。上文"Brennn had been an experienced barber fr a shp fr years."提到他在一家理发店上班数年，下文"because he wanted t d smething meaningful."提到他想 要做一些有意义的事。可知此处表示他辞职 (resigned)了。故选A。
18．答案：B
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.square广场; B.sidewalk人行道;C.market市场;D.platfrm平台。句意:后来，在费城一条繁忙的人行道上，他举着一块写着"为无家可归者理发"的黑板，他免费为费城附近的所有无家可归者免费理发。根据下文 中的"draw the eye f average passersby"和"wh was giving haircuts n anther street"可知，Brennn在人行道上为无家可归者理发。sidewalk "人行道"，符合语境。故选 B。
19．答案：D
解析：考查动词短语及语境理解。A. taking ver接 管;B. setting aside留出; C. keeping up赶上; D. giving ut分发;句意:后来，在费城一条繁忙 的人行道上，他举着一块写着"为无家可归者理发"的黑板，他免费为费城附近的所有无家可归者 免费理发。根据语境及空后的"free haircuts t any hmeless persn"可知，此处指他免费给无家 可归者理发。give ut"分发，散发"，在此引申 为“给予”。故选D。
20．答案：C
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.reprt报告; B.business生意;C.scene场景;D.cnditin情况。句意:这样的场景一定会吸引普通路人的目 光。肖恩·约翰逊也不例外。根据前文"n a busy ______ in Philadelphia, with a chalkbard saying "Haircuts fr the Hmeless"可知，在街上为无家 可归者理发这一场景肯定会引起过路人的关注。故 选C。
21．答案：C
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.fl傻瓜; B.bjectr反对者;C.exceptin例外;D.fun欢 乐。句意:这样的场景一定会吸引普通路人的目 光。肖恩约翰逊也不例外。根据下文"He was willing t give Brennn a jb."可知，这一场景也 引起了他的关注，即他也不例外(exceptin) 故选C。
22．答案：D
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.cmprmise折衷; B.explain解释;C.leave离开;D.decline拒绝。句意:然而，布伦农说他不得不拒绝，因为他这样做并不是为了赚钱，而是为了帮助无家可归的人。根 据空后的"because he didn't d this t get paid but just t _____ the hmeless."可知，Brennn说 他不得不拒绝。decline"拒绝"，符合语境。故选 D。
23．答案：D
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.encurage鼓励; B.attract吸引;C.cmfrt安慰;D.supprt支持，帮助。句意:然而，布伦农说他不得不拒绝，因为 他这样做并不是为了赚钱，而是为了帮助无家可归的人。根据前文提到他免费为别人理发可知，他在 帮助无家可归的人，supprt"帮助，援助"，符合 语境。故选D。
24．答案：B
解析：考查动词短语及语境理解。A. turning t转 向，求助;B. running int偶然遇见，碰见; C. hearing f听说;D. lking fr寻找。句意:一个月后，Sean在另一条街上再次偶遇给别人理发的 Brennn，他邀请Brennn去自己的新理发店。根 据上文可知， Sean上次在路边碰见了Brennn在给 别人免费理发，结合本句的anther sidewalk可 知，此处表示run int" (偶然)遇见，碰见"，符合语境。故选B。
25．答案：A
解析：考查形容词及语境理解。A.unbelievable难以 置信的;B.unreasnable不合理的;C.uneasy忧虑 的，令人不安的;D.unnecessary不必要的。句 意:他们进去后，肖恩做了一件令人难以置信的事 一他把钥匙给了布伦农，说: "现在它是你的 了。"根据下文内容"Brennn saw this as an _____ t d even further gd fr the hmeless and accepted Sean's _____."可知，Sean把一家 理发店送给Brennn，这是一件惊人的事 情。unbelievable"难以置信的，惊人的"，符合语 境。故选A。
26．答案：A
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.keys钥匙，关键; B.tls工具;C.tasks任务;D.chices选择。句 意:他们进去后，肖恩做了一件令人难以置信的事一他把钥匙给了布伦农，说: "现在它是你的了。"根据下文中的"It's yurs nw."可知，Sean给 Brennn的是这个理发店的钥匙(keys)。故选 A。
27．答案：B
解析：考查形容词及语境理解。A.cnsistent一贯 的，持续的;B.wnderful美好的;C.creative有创 造力的;D.familiar熟悉的。句意:"你在这个城市 看到了很多不好的东西。当你看到美好的事物时，你只想成为其中的一部分。"根据上文中的"Yu see many bad things in this city."及下文中的"yu just want t be a part f them"可知，空处与前面的bad形成对比，故wnderful"美好的"符合语境。故选B。
28．答案：C
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.alternative可供选 择的事物;B.experiment实验;C.pprtunity机 会;D.attempt尝试。句意:布伦农认为这是为无家可归者做更多好事的机会，就接受了肖恩的好意。根据空后的"t d even further gd fr the hmeless"可知，Brennn觉得这是一个能进一步帮助无家可归者的机会。pprtunity"机会"，符 合语境。故选C。
29．答案：A
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.kindness善良，好 意;B.advice建议;C.applicatin申请; D.pliteness礼貌。句意:布伦农认为这是为无家可归者做更多好事的机会，就接受了肖恩的好意。 根据语境可知，Sean送给Brennn一家理发店，此 处指Brennn接受了Sean的好意(kindness)。故 选A。
30．答案：B
解析：考查形容词及语境理解。A.new新的; B.nrmal正常的;C.mdern现代化的;D.unique 独特的。句意:从周二到周日，布伦农的理发店只是一个普通的理发店，为付费的顾客服务。根据下 文中的"serving the paying custmers"可知，从 周二到周日， Brennn的理发店是正常营业的，服务付费的顾客。nrmal"正常的"，符合语境。故选 B。
31．答案：D
解析：考查副词及语境理解。A.ccasinally偶然 地;B.extremely特别地;C.casually日常地; D.merely仅仅。句意:周一将被专门用来为无家可归的人理发，仍然是免费的。根据上文"Tuesday thrugh Sunday, Brennn's barbershp wuld be just a ______ ne, serving the paying custmers."可知，从周二到周日，Brennn的理发店是正常营业的，周一免费仅仅给无家可归的人 理发。故选D。
32．答案：expsure；shelves ；bviusly ；which；cmbining ；than；has been；shared；It；begins
解析：①考查名词。句意:我第一次接触中国文化完全是偶然的。所给词前为序数词first，常修饰名词，expsure“接触”为名词，作句子的主语，符合句意。故填expsure。
②考查名词的单复数。句意:在八岁的时候，我走进一家书店，从书架上挑了一本书。由空前ne f the可知，表示“……的其中之一”，此处为名词复数形式。故填shelves。
③考查副词。句意:作为一个8岁的孩子，这本书的内容显然对我失去了吸引力，但它让我与一个深刻的哲学传统有了早期的联系，直到今天我仍然受到它的影响。空处副词修饰lst，作状语。故填bviusly。
④考查定语从句。句意:作为一个8岁的孩子，这本书的内容显然对我失去了吸引力，但它让我与一个深刻的哲学传统 有了早期的联系，直到今天我仍然受到它的影响。分析句子可知，此处为介词+关系代词which引导的定语从句，先行词traditin 在从句中作介词by的宾语，从句中be influenced by"被……影响"，此处为介词by前置。故填which。
⑤考查非谓语动词。句意:我对语言的兴趣很早就发展起来了，结合了我对旅行和结识新朋友的热爱。分析句子可 知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，cmbine和逻辑主语My interest in the language为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填 cmbining。
⑥考查连词。句意:文化和饮食是紧密相连的，这一点在中国也许再没有比这更明显的了。根据句中的mre clearly可 知，此处将其他地方的饮食与文化与中国的情况进行了对比，用连词than引出比较级。故填than。
⑦考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:近年来，这里提供各种食物的餐馆越来越多。本句为there be句型，根据时间状语 In recent years可知，用现在完成时，主语arise是单数名词，助动词用has。故填has been。
⑧考查形容词。句意:通过对美食的共同热爱，我向许多朋友介绍了中国的历史和文化。由空后lve为名词可知，此处 为形容词shared"分享的，共有的"作定语修饰该名词，满足句意要求。故填shared。
⑨考查代词。句意:可以肯定地说，我的旅程才刚刚开始。分析句子可知，此处为固定句型Itis+形容词+t d sth.的固定句型，表示“做某事是怎样的”，其中代词为形式主语，动词不定式t d为真正的主语。故填It。
⑩考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:这些最初的步骤只是终身学习海洋中的一滴水，但正如中国哲学家老子所说:“千里之行，始于足下。”分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，句子描述的是客观真理，为一般现在时，主语A jurney为单数意义名 词，所以为动词用第三人称单数形式。故填begins。
33．答案：
Dear Peter,
Glad t tell yu that A Treasure Ship Captain will be shwn in the hall f ur schl at 8 ’clck this Saturday evening. I hpe yu will cme t enjy it with us.
A Treasure Ship Captain is a histrical film abut Zheng He, ne f China’s mst influential explrers, wh had led seven vyages t pay friendly visits t mre than 30 cuntries and regins. His vyages helped develp and strengthen harmnius relatins with these neighburing cuntries and regins, expsing freign peple t Chinese culture and allwing Chinese t better understand verseas lands.
If yu have an interest in the film, I advise yu t read sme relevant histry bks abut Zheng He in advance s that yu can understand the film better. Lking frward t yur arrival.
Yurs,
Li Hua
解析：
34．答案：
Sarah was lst in thught and decided t make a change. She went t the terrible bedrm first. Sarah quickly began t sweep the flr, fld the clthes, and make the bed. Finally, the bedrm made peple’s eyes light up. Then there was her natural garden, which als was a terrible place. But Sarah was nt discuraged. She spent tw hurs weeding and planting new flwers. Even if she was very tired, she did nt stp. Mther was very happy t see the change in her, and decided t buy Sarah a puppy.
With the cmpany f the dg, Sarah began a busy and happy life. After she wke up in the mrning, she tk her dg fr a walk in the park. After cming back, she cleaned her rm and had breakfast delightedly. After schl, she went t the kennel (狗窝) and cleaned it. Having finished her hmewrk in the evening, she wuld help her mther with the husewrk. Lking at her garden, she felt it a cmfrt that it was als neat and tidy because f her tendency. Sarah was healthier and happier than befre, learning that t shulder respnsibilities is the first step t grw up.
解析：