江苏省盐城中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷(含答案)

这是一份江苏省盐城中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷(含答案)，共29页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，短文填空，选词填空，语法填空，完成句子，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。


一、阅读理解
1．What’s the restrictin f the cupn?
A. It is valid nly n March 31st.
B. It desn’t supprt phne reservatin.
C. Only new patients can use it.
D. It must be used with insurance fees.
2．Which is an advantage f dental implants?
A. They cst little mney.B. They preserve the jawbne.
C. They can be easily remved.D. They prevent teeth missing.
3．What is the purpse f the text?
A. T explain hw t implant teeth.
B. T intrduce three implant centers.
C. T advertise a newly pened dental center.
D. T ppularize the knwledge f ral health.
When the semester ended, I returned hme. In a few weeks BYU wuld pst grades; then I’d knw if I culd return in the fall.
I filled my jurnals with prmises that I wuld stay ut f the junkyard. I needed mney s I went t get my ld jb back, at Stkes. I turned up at the busiest hur in the afternn when I knew they’d be understaffed, and sure enugh, the manager was bagging grceries when I fund him. I asked if he’d like me t d that, and he lked at me fr all f three secnds, and then lifted his aprn ver his head and handed it t me.
Dad was waiting fr me when I came thrugh the back dr. He saw the aprn and said, “Yu’re wrking fr me this summer.”
“I’m wrking at Stkes,” I said.
His vice was raised. “This is yur family. Yu belng here.”
There was n ne n his crew since my brthers had gne. He had t d everything all by himself. Dad’s face was haggard, his eyes bldsht. But that determinatin was etched (流露出) int his face. It was in his vice, in the harshness f it. He had t win this standff (对峙).
But I culdn’t d the jb, because t d it wuld be t slide backward. I had mved hme, t my ld rm, t my ld life. If I went back t wrking fr Dad, t waking up every mrning and pulling n steel ted bts and trudging (跋涉) ut t the junkyard, it wuld be as if the last fur mnths had never happened, as if I had never left.
When I’d tld Dad that I planned t g back t cllege, he’d said a wman’s place was in the hme that I shuld be learning abut herbs — “Gd’s pharmacy (药房)” he’d call it — s I culd take ver fr Mther.
My memries f the university faded quickly. The scratch f pencils n paper, the clack f a prjectr mving t the next slide, the peal f the bells signaling the end f the class — all were drwned ut by the clatter f irn and the rle f diesel engines after a mnth in the junkyard. BYU seemed like a dream, smething I had created by magic. Nw I was awake.
4．Why did the authr turn up at the busiest hur at Stkes?
A. Because she was expelled frm cllege and planned t wrk at Stkes.
B. Because she culd save mney by buying stuff at a discunt in the afternn.
C. Because she wuld have a better chance t get the jb.
D. Because her dad asked her t get an aprn fr him frm Stkes in the afternn.
5．The underlined wrd “haggard” is clsest in meaning t
A. tiredB. excitedC. indifferentD. cncerned
6．What was Dad’s attitude twards the authr’s plan t g back t cllege
A. Supprtive.B. Oppsed.C. Hesitant.D. Dubtful.
7．What can be learned frm the passage?
A. The authr didn’t want t wrk fr her dad mainly because it was t tiring at the junkyard.
B. The authr’s dad was prly educated but he acknwledged the imprtance f educatin fr girls.
C. The authr missed her university and wanted t embrace her new life.
D. The authr’s dad was disappinted because she didn’t chse medicine as her majr.
This summer we witnessed interview teams at the Nrth Ple wearing shrt sleeve shirts due t the warm weather. A study published n Aug 29 revealed mre cncerning issues in the suppsedly cldest area f the wrld. Zmbie ice frm a massive Greenland ice sheet was cnfirmed t be melting, which wuld eventually raise glbal sea levels by at least 10 inches (27 centimeters) n its wn, reprted Assciated Press (AP).
Zmbie ice is the kind f ice that is still attached t thicker areas f ice but is n lnger getting fed by larger glaciers. Since glaciers are getting less snw t make up fr the amunt f ice melted, nce the zmbie ice is melted, it cannt be re-frmed.
Scientists decided t lk at the balance f the ice. In perfect equilibrium (平衡), snw in the muntains f Greenland flws dwn and thickens the sides f glaciers, balancing ut what’s melting n the edges, accrding t AP. But in the last few decades, there is less refill and mre melting, creating an imbalance.
Study c-authr William Clgan at the Gelgical Survey f Denmark and Greenland tld AP that 3.3 percent f Greenland’s ttal ice vlume will melt eventually. “Starying wuld be a gd phrase” fr what’s happening t the ice, Clgan added.
With a great number f natural resurces buried under the earth, areas f melted ice revealed treasures that attracted the wrld’s richest men. Accrding t CNN, in early August, there was a “treasure hunt” in Greenland. Billinaires, including Bill Gates and thers, financially backed KBld Metals, a US-based mineral explratin cmpany, t explre the rare metals under the glaciers in Greenland. The cmpany tld CNN that since there were enugh minerals t pwer hundreds f millins f electric vehicles, the critical resurce is capable f pwering the green energy transitin.
While investrs are taking advantage f glbal warming, experts express their cncerns that the mineral explratin is likely t wrsen the lcal envirnment, running ut f the wrld’s resurces at a faster rate.
8．What d we knw abut zmbie ice?
A. It’s made up by nearby glaciers.
B. It’s independent frm large glaciers.
C. It will melt away frm the ice cap.
D. It has increased sea levels by 10 inches.
9．What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A. Why mre zmbie ice can’t be created.
B. Hw zmbie ice was frmed in the past.
C. What the melting f zmbie ice can lead t.
D. Hw zmbie ice functins in the ecsystem.
10．What des the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 imply?
A. The ice has brught abut starvatin.B. The ice is refilled mre than befre.
C. The ice is becming gradually thinner.D. The ice has been gd t skate n.
11．What’s the main purpse f the article?
A. T explain a natural phenmenn.
B. T cmment n the “treasure hunt”.
C. T call fr envirnmental prtectin
D. T reprt n the melting zmbie ice.
As the cncept f emtinal intelligence (EI) has gne glbal, we’ve watched prfessinals fail as they try t imprve their emtinal intelligence because they either dn’t knw where t fcus their effrts r they haven’t understd hw t imprve these skills n a practical level. In ur wrk cnsulting with cmpanies and caching leaders, we have fund that if yu’re lking t develp particular EI strengths, it helps t cnsider areas fr imprvement thers have identified alng with the gals yu want t achieve and then t actively build habits in thse areas rather than simply relying n understanding them cnceptually.
The first step is t get a sense f hw yur self-perceptin (hw yu see yurself) differs frm yur reputatin (hw thers see yu). This is especially true fr the develpment f EI because we can be blind t hw we express and read the emtinal cmpnents f ur interactins. Fr example, mst f us think that we’re gd listeners, but very ften that’s really nt the case. Withut this external reality check, it will be difficult fr yu t identify the ways that yur actins affect yur perfrmance. Getting teed back frm thers can als prvide prf f the necessity f shifting ur behavir and mtivatin t d s.
T give yu the best sense f where the differences lie between yur self-perceptin and reputatin, yu shuld use a 360-degree feedback assessment that takes int accunt the multiple aspects f EI. The key is t find ne t give yu feedback, which is fcused n develpment and nt n perfrmance assessment. And that can give yu a detailed understanding f hw ther peple’s assessments f yu differ frm yur wn assessments.
Secndly, when yu get yur feedback frm an assessment, let that infrm what yu want t imprve. But als cnsider what yur gals are. When it cmes t cultivating strengths in emtinal intelligence, yu’re at a huge disadvantage if yu’re nly interested because thers say yu shuld be. Yur emtinal intelligence is s tied up in yur sense f self that being intrinsically (内在的) mtivated t make the effrt matters mre when changing lngstanding habits than it des when simply learning a skill.
That means the areas that yu chse t actively wrk n shuld lie at the intersectin f the feedback yu’ve gtten and the areas that are mst imprtant t yur wn aspiratins (抱负). Understanding the influences f yur current EI habits relative t yur gals will keep yu ging ver a lng perid at time as yu d the wrk r strengthening yur emtinal intelligence.
12．What d we knw frm the first paragraph?
A. EI can be better imprved with thers’ help.
B. Leaders are badly in need f imprving their EI.
C. EI plays a key rle in prfessinal develpment.
D. Prfessinals fail t understand the cncepts f EI.
13．Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing is an “external reality check”？
A. Yu help yur siblings make a key decisin.
B. Yur career develpment speeds up with thers’ help.
C. Yu reflected yurself and made a New Year reslutin.
D. Yur teacher directed yu twards a better attitude in study.
14．What’s the main idea f Paragraph 4?
A. T imprve yur EI, fllwing yur inner call is the mst reliable.
B. It’s bard fr thers t knw yur EI because it hides deep inside.
C. T imprve yur EI, yu shuld take yur gals int cnsideratin.
D. Acquiring a new skill is mre significant than imprving yur EI.
15．Which f the fllwing might the authr agree with?
A. Yur inner self discurages yu frm imprving yur EI.
B. Effective EI develpment is determined by different factrs.
C. The imprtance f perfrmance assessment is underestimated.
D. EI develpment is unlikely t happen unless yu knw what EI is.
二、七选五
16．The Science f Fear
Hme alne at night, yu hear a lud crash. In an instant yur heart starts racing, yur muscles tense and yur breath quickens. Yu are immediately alert, prepared t fight r flee the surce f the sund, which turns ut t be a pile f bks falling ff that shelf yu've been meaning t fix. ① _________
Fear is ne f ur strngest and mst basic emtins. It's a big bad wrld ut there, and being afraid f certain things prtects us frm ptential danger t make sure we survive. Sme evlutinary fears are hard-wired int ur brains, but we can als develp new fears thrughut ur lives. As children we pick up n what makes ur parents anxius, and we may als learn t fear certain things after negative experiences. ② _________ We can enjy the view frm the tp f a skyscraper rather than wrry abut falling, r turn ut the light-safe in the knwledge that a wlf wn't swallw us in the night.
Hwever, peple with phbias have an extreme fear respnse that causes bth physical and psychlgical suffering. ③ _________ Agraphbia is generally referred t as the fear f pen spaces, but it applies t the dread f any situatin that is difficult t escape frm, r where help wuld nt be available if smething went wrng. Scial phbia is the intense fear f interacting with peple r perfrming, while specific phbias are the fear f a particular situatin, activity r thing. ④ _________ Smebdy with acrphbia - an extreme fear f heights — may experience a panic attacl, stmpl trying t walk acrss a bridge. Depending n the cause f their phbia, sufferers ften try their best t avid situatins that culd affect them.
⑤ _________ Fr example, smebdy may develp cynphbia— the fear f dgs—after being bitten. But whether the cause is ratinal (理性的) r irratinal, as sn as the brain ntices a scary stimulus (刺激物), it activates the fight-r-flight respnse, thus preparing the bdy fr actin.
A. Then, hw can it be vercme?
B. These irratinal fears can cause majr disturbance t everyday life.
C. But in that mment, yur brain and bdy reacted as if yu were in extreme danger.
D. Despite this, mst f us are able t ignre ur fears when it's clear we aren't in any immediate danger.
E. Our brains warn us f the risks that might lie ahead, but then we ften get prepared and vercme them.
F. These extreme fears are divided int three different grups: agraphbia, scial phbia and specific phbias.
G. The cause f phbias is nt always clear, but many cases are linked t experiencing r witnessing unpleasant events.
三、完形填空（15空）
There are cuntless reasns t stay up late; hwever, here’s ne gd reasn t g t bed.
The less a student sleeps every night, the lwer their grade-pint average (GPA) will be, accrding t a tw-year study f the sleep habits f mre than 600 students.
Researchers fund that every lst hur f average nightly sleep at the start f an academic term was assciated with a 0.07-pint 1 in a student’s end-f-term GPA. When a student slept less than six hurs a night, the 2 f lst sleep n a student’s grades was even mre 3 , said David Creswell, the lead authr f the study.
“Yu’re 4 this sleep debt,” Creswell said. “And that has a pretty negative rle 5 peple’s academics.” Sleep, especially uninterrupted sleep, helps the brain 6 and memrize infrmatin it has learned. And when smene is sleep-deprived, attentin span and memry are als damaged.
But students face a variety f “ 7 pressure” that keep them up late, Creswell said. The average student in the sample grup 8 fell asleep at abut 12:00 p.m. and these students slept abut 6 hurs a night.
It’s nt clear why less sleep wuld cause smene t have a lwer GPA, Creswell said. Sleeping fr lnger, 9 perids f time allws fr REM sleep, a perid f uncnscius rapid eye mvement that crrespnds with high activity in the brain. Creswell said he 10 that a regular pattern f 11 sleep creates a “sleep debt” ver time, leaving students unable t cncentrate. “These students are ging t attend their class with a tn f sleep debt, and they’re having truble staying fcused and 12 in classrms,” Creswell said. “Thse things can really harm yur ability t really 13 with the material. What’s mre, sleep is s imprtant that it is like the 14 that hlds students’ lives tgether in lts f aspects.”
“Fundamentally, it 15 : If we’re nt sleeping well, all systems are nt a g,” Creswell said. “Our bdy is nt prepared fr the day ahead f us and what we’re asking it t d if we dn’t have that gd, basic amunts f night-time sleep.”
17．A. drpB. additinC. riseD. cnsistency
18．A. efficiencyB. effectC. causeD. advantage
19．A. primitiveB. variusC. distinctD. cntrary
20．A. demnstratingB. accusingC. relievingD. accumulating
21．A. in a state fB. in assciatin withC. in terms fD. in line with
22．A. prhibitB. prcessC. prduceD. privilege
23．A. cmpetingB. cmprehendingC. cmplicatingD. cmparing
24．A. typicallyB. brieflyC. vilentlyD. subsequently
25．A. uninterruptedB. uncnstrainedC. undeterminedD. unemplyed
26．A. sustainsB. suspendsC. suspectsD. shifts
27．A. imprperB. adequateC. extrardinaryD. insufficient
28．A. buildingB. returningC. learningD. emerging
29．A. engageB. elevateC. evlveD. evaluate
30．A. glanceB. gestureC. gradeD. glue
31．A. cmes up tB. cmes dwn tC. ges in frD. gets dwn t
四、短文填空
32．The Chinese character zhen(振), meaning “vitalize”, was named the natin’s mst ppular character related t dmestic affairs in 2023, while the character wei(危), meaning “risk” r “crisis”, was chsen as① _________ (ht) fr internatinal tpics. The characters are② _________ a list f ppular wrds, as well as phrases, cllected in an annual③ _________ (assess) rganized by agencies including the Ministry f Educatin’s Natinal Language Resurces Mnitring and Research Center and the Cmmercial Press publishing huse.
Organizers explained that “vitalize” represents a current situatin in China④ _________ everyne is trying t make an effrt, and that’s the spirit ne shuld have, whether it’s a cuntry r an individual, when⑤ _________ (face) challenges and bstacles.
Meanwhile, it pinted ut that internatinally, the wrld’s path has cme t⑥ _________ crssrads amid wars and cnflicts, sluggish ecnmies, a widening gap f develpment and a wrsening envirnment. Organizers called fr lking fr pprtunities⑦ _________ (hide) in the crises, and using dialgue and cperatin t handle differences in rder t build a fair, better wrld.
In additin t characters, “gazhiliang fazhan”, r high-quality develpment, ⑧ _________ (chse) as the key dmestic phrase f the year, ⑨ _________ ChatGPT was named the annual phrase in internatinal tpics.
This year marked the 18th time fr such a list⑩ _________ (publish). Over the last mnth, the same rganizers als revealed the tp 10 ppular phrases, nline catchphrases and new wrds.
五、选词填空
1. Such dangers can have _________ utcmes nt nly fr the sites themselves, but als fr peple.
2. Relative pverty did nt prevent Martin frm _________ himself with an excellent educatin.
3. Cutting fd intake by half is an _________ difficult thing fr anyne t d — it’s n wnder that lsing weight is n easy task.
4. The mre pesticides are used, the mre _________ the insects becme; s the mre pesticides have t be used.
5. There are _________ amng histrians ver when exactly the cnstructin began, but n ne can deny the fact that it is a magnificent building.
六、语法填空
34．He was threatened with _________ (dismiss) if he cntinued t turn up late fr wrk. （所给词的适当形式填空）
35．After being criticized by his teacher, the by made a reslutin _________ (submit) his assignment n time. （所给词的适当形式填空）
36．The flesh f this kind f fish had _________ (except) delicacy and he culdn’t help eating a lt. （所给词的适当形式填空）
37．The ld gentleman decided t help the yung by, _________ (cnvince) that he was inncent. （所给词的适当形式填空）
38．With cral reefs _________ threat frm climate change the scientists are nw advcating fewer peple n islands t prtect sme f the mst diverse ecsystems in the cean. （用适当的词填空）
39．When asked, the by said that he didn’t have any idea _________ is actually ging n in the classrm. （用适当的词填空）
40．We were all very grateful t Jhn, _________ help cntributed greatly t ur success. (用适当的词填空)
41．Peple tend t be mre aggressive when they're yung and mre _________ (cnserve) as they get lder.
42．Their effrts helped develp and strengthen harmnius relatins with these cuntries and regins, _________ (expse) freign peple t Chinese culture. （所给词的适当形式填空）
43．Pliticians dress up their ambitin as a _________ (pursue) f the public gd. （所给词的适当形式填空）
七、完成句子
44．Recent research has _________ (进一步了解) the causes f the disease. （根据汉语提示补全句子）
45．I _________ (努力解决，全力解决) the prblem fr weeks, but I haven’t fund a slutin yet. （根据汉语提示补全句子）
46．The secretary spent the whle afternn _________ (理顺，整理) all the files and kept detailed accunts as her bss had arranged. （根据汉语提示补全句子）
47．The gvernment will lk int refrming the educatin system and make it wrk better, bth _________ (为了…的好处，为…的利益) students and sciety. （根据汉语提示补全句子）
48．With everything _________ (准备就绪), the rescue team set ff fr the muntain t search fr the lst passenger. （根据汉语提示补全句子）
49．Cnsidering these negative effects f lw gravity has n the human bdy, the astrnauts _________ （严格要求自己）d at least tw hurs f exercise every day. （根据汉语提示补全句子）
50．What the gvernment shuld _________ (不遗余力，竭尽全力) t d is raise the public awareness f the animals in danger. （根据汉语提示补全句子）
51．_________ (与…相反) ppular histry bks, mst academic bks tend t adpt a mre serius apprach t studying histry. （根据汉语提示补全句子）
52．The crwds std there fr several hurs, with the sun _________ （强烈照射）n them. （根据汉语提示补全句子）
53．He was fund _________（拥有，占有）stlen gds and taken t curt. （根据汉语提示补全句子）
八、读后续写
54．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My family mved in a small huse in Brightn, Clrad n my seventh birthday. My first memry is ur neighbr Bill, an ld man, handing me strawberries frm his garden thrugh a hle in the chain-link fence. “We need t make the hle bigger,” he said jkingly. Later I knew that he lived alne.
Bill spent much time wrking in the garden, and I was always talking t him frm ur yard. I was a chatterbx. I think what drew me t Bill is that he never gt tired f listening t me. I als think Bill saw a lt f himself in me — we were bth lnely and anxius — and that may be why he always tk the time t listen t me. It was a wnderful cnnectin.
There weren’t any kids f my age in the neighbrhd, and my parents were very busy, s I mstly played in the yard with my dg. I had a lt f imaginary friends — a whle family, actually, with a wife, children, a best friend... n jke. Weird kid.
One day, my parents asked Bill whether he’d watch me while they were away n business. This wrked fr everyne, s it became a smewhat mnthly ccurrence. Bill had a spare rm in his huse, which became “my” rm.
Bill prmised t teach me t drive the lawn tractr(割草机) smeday and I was always lking frward t it. In winter, Bill wuld attach a snwplw(铲雪机) t the frnt f the dawn tractr. I seriusly tld him that I wuld invent a better snwplw when I grew up. “Sure yu will. Yu’ll get a patent certificate. It takes a certificate t prve an imprtant thing,” Bill said with a smile.
One snwy mrning, an idea suddenly hit me. My parents were watching TV when I spit it ut, “What if I adpted Bill as my grandpa?” My parents said I culd g ver and ask him.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I kncked n his dr, sat dwn in his living rm, and asked, “Can I adpt yu as my grandpa?”
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The next mrning, while learning t drive the lawn tractr with a snwplw, I accidentally plwed dwn ur chain-link fence.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据“Due date: 03/31/24. Cannt be cmbined with insurance fees r ther cupns. New patients nly.(截止日期:03/31/24。不能与保险费或其他优惠券合并使用。仅限新患者)”可知，优惠券只有新患者才能使用它。故选C项。
2．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Additinally, dental implants can help t prevent bne deteriratin(退化)that is caused by missing teeth. The bne begins t deterirate when yu lse a tth because it is n lnger being stimulated daily. This can lead t severe bne lss ver time. But by placing dental implants int the jawbne, we can preserve this structure.(此外，种植牙可以帮助防止因缺牙而导致的骨质退化。当你失去一颗牙齿时，骨头就开始恶化，因为它不再每天受到刺激。随着时间的推移，这会导致严重的骨质流失。但是通过在颌骨中植入牙齿，我们可以保留这种结构)”可知，种植牙的优点是保存了颌骨。故选B项。
3．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据本文标题“WELCOME TO DENTAL 2023 IMPLANT CENTERGRAND OPENING!VISIT OUR NEW LOCATION(欢迎来到牙科2023种植中心.隆重开幕！ ！参观我们的新地点)”以及最后一段“If yu’re missing ne, tw, r all f yur teeth, we encurage yu t visit ur new ffice in Lng Beach, r call(949)857-6757 t schedule yur appintment. We wuld be happy t help yu find the best treatment plan t restre yur smile and help yu enjy better ral health sn!(如果你缺了一颗、两颗或所有的牙齿，我们建议你去我们在长滩的新办公室，或者打电话(949)857-6757预约你的预约。我们很乐意帮助您找到最好的治疗方案，恢复您的笑容，让您早日享受更好的口腔健康！)”可推知，本文的目的是为一家新开的牙科中心做广告。故选C项。
4．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I turned up at the busiest hur in the afternn when I knew they’d be understaffed, and sure enugh, the manager was bagging grceries when I fund him.(我在下午最忙的时候去了，因为我知道他们人手不足，果然，当我找到经理时，他正在装杂货。)”可知，作者知道他们的人手不够，所以在最忙的时候出现，由此可知，在他们缺少人手的时候出现，作者被录用的可能性更大。故选C项。
5．答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据划线单词前的“There was n ne n his crew since my brthers had gne. He had t d everything all by himself.(自从我的哥哥们走后，他的手下就没人了。他不得不自己做所有的事情。)”可知，父亲自己一人做所有的事情，结合划线单词后的“his eyes bldsht.(眼睛充血。)”可知，父亲的眼里充血，自己做所有的事情，由此可推断，父亲应该是一脸的“疲惫”，所以，该单词的意思应与“疲惫”意义相近。故选A项。
6．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“When I’d tld Dad that I planned t g back t cllege, he’d said a wman’s place was in the hme that I shuld be learning abut herbs — “Gd’s pharmacy (药房)” he’d call it — s I culd take ver fr Mther.(当我告诉爸爸我打算回大学读书时，他说女人应该待在家里，我应该学习草药——他称之为“上帝的药房”——这样我就可以接替妈妈的工作。)”可知，作者告诉父亲要回大学读书时，父亲认为作者应该待在家里学习草药，以便接替母亲的工作，由此可推断，父亲对作者回大学读书持反对态度。故选B项。
7．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据尾段中的“My memries f the university faded quickly. The scratch f pencils n paper, the clack f a prjectr mving t the next slide, the peal f the bells signaling the end f the class — all were drwned ut by the clatter f irn and the rle f diesel engines after a mnth in the junkyard.(我对大学的记忆很快就消失了。铅笔在纸上的刮擦声，放映机移到下一张幻灯片上的咔嗒声，上课结束的钟声——这一切都被铁的撞击声和在垃圾场待了一个月后柴油机的轰鸣声淹没了。)”可知，在作者的记忆力里都是些上大学的场景，这一切都被现实生活给淹没，结合下文中的“BYU seemed like a dream, smething I had created by magic. Nw I was awake.(BYU就像一场梦，是我用魔法创造的。现在我醒了。)” 可知，作者认为上大学就像自己编织的一场梦一样，由此可知，作者想念她的大学，想拥抱她的新生活。故选C项。
8．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Zmbie ice frm a massive Greenland ice sheet was cnfirmed t be melting, which wuld eventually raise glbal sea levels by at least 10 inches (27 centimeters) n its wn, reprted Assciated Press (AP).(据美联社报道，来自格陵兰岛巨大冰原的僵尸冰被证实正在融化，这最终将使全球海平面上升至少10英寸(27厘米))”以及第二段第一句话“Zmbie ice is the kind f ice that is still attached t thicker areas f ice, but is n lnger getting fed by larger glaciers.(僵尸冰是指仍然附着在较厚的冰层上，但不再从较大的冰川中获得营养的冰)”可知，僵尸冰是指仍然附在较厚的冰层上，但不再从较大的冰川中获得营养的冰。由此推知，僵尸冰一旦从较大的冰原中脱离，将会融化。故选C项。
9．答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第三段内容“Scientists decided t lk at the balance f the ice. In perfect equilibrium (平衡), snw in the muntains f Greenland flws dwn and thickens the sides f glaciers, balancing ut what’s melting n the edges, accrding t AP. But in the last few decades, there is less refill and mre melting, creating an imbalance.(科学家决定研究冰的平衡。据美联社报道，在完美平衡的情况下，格陵兰山区的积雪会流下来，使冰川侧面变厚，平衡边缘融化的冰川。但在过去的几十年里，补充量减少，融化量增加，造成了不平衡)”和第二段中“Since glaciers are getting less snw t make up fr the amunt f ice melted, nce the zmbie ice is melted, it cannt be re-frmed.(由于冰川正在减少积雪来弥补融化的冰量，一旦僵尸冰融化，就无法重新形成)”可知，第二段指出僵尸冰融化，就无法重新形成，接着第三段解释了其原因——积雪留下来，平衡边远融化的冰川，但是在过去的几十年里，补充量减少，融化量增加，所以没有更多的僵尸冰，由此可知，第三段主要介绍了为什么不能制造更多的僵尸冰。故选A项。
10．答案：C
解析：词句猜测题。根据第四段中划线短语上文“Study c-authr William Clgan at the Gelgical Survey f Denmark and Greenland tld AP that 3.3 percent f Greenland’s ttal ice vlume will melt eventually. (研究合著者、丹麦和格陵兰地质调查局的威廉·科尔根 (William Clgan) 告诉美联社，格陵兰岛总冰量的3.3%最终将融化)”可知，总冰量的 3.3% 最终将融化。由此推知，冰层正在逐渐变薄。划线短语“fr what’s happening t the ice,(冰发生的事情)”指的是“僵尸冰融化会导致冰层正在逐渐变薄”。故选C。
11．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是文章第一段“Zmbie ice frm a massive Greenland ice sheet was cnfirmed t be mlting, which wuld eventually raise glbal sea levels by at least 10 inches (27 centimeters) n its wn, reprted Assciated Press (AP).(据美联社报道，来自格陵兰岛冰原的僵尸冰被证实正在蜕皮，这最终将使全球海平面上升至少10英寸(27厘米))”可知，文章主要报道了格陵兰岛冰原的一块僵尸冰即将从大冰原脱离并融化。由此推知，作者写本文的目的是为了报道僵尸冰的融化。故选D项。
12．答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“In ur wrk cnsulting with cmpanies and caching leaders, we have fund that if yu’re lking t develp particular EI strengths, it helps t cnsider areas fr imprvement thers have identified alng with the gals yu want t achieve and then t actively build habits in thse areas rather than simply relying n understanding them cnceptually.(在我们为公司提供咨询服务和培训领导者的工作中，我们发现，如果你想要发展特定的EI优势，考虑其他人已经确定的改进领域以及你想要实现的目标，然后积极地在这些领域培养好的习惯，而不是简单地依赖于对它们概念上的理解，会有所帮助)”可知，如果你想要发展特定的EI优势，可以考虑其他人已经确定的改进领域，可得出在别人的帮助下，情商可以得到更好的提高。故选A。
13．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The first step is t get a sense f hw yur self-perceptin (hw yu see yurself) differs frm yur reputatin (hw thers see yu). This is especially true fr the develpment f EI because we can be blind t hw we express and read the emtinal cmpnents f ur interactins. Fr example, mst f us think that we’re gd listeners, but very ften that’s really nt the case.(第一步是了解你的自我认知（你如何看待自己）与你的声誉（别人如何看待你）有何不同。对于情商的发展来说尤其如此，因为我们可能对我们如何表达和理解我们互动中的情感成分视而不见。例如，我们大多数人都认为自己是好的倾听者，但事实往往并非如此)”及第二段最后一句“Getting teed back frm thers can als prvide prf f the necessity f shifting ur behavir and mtivatin t d s.(从别人那里得到反馈也可以证明我们改变行为的必要性和动机)”可知，“Withut this external reality check, it will be difficult fr yu t identify the ways that yur actins affect yur perfrmance.(如果没有这种external reality check，你将很难确定你的行为是如何影响你的表现的)”中划线部分external reality check(外部现实的检验)指的是他人对我们的反馈让我们真实了解自己，明白对自己的错误认知并纠正自己行为。由此推知，D选项“Yur teacher directed yu twards a better attitude in study.(你的老师引导你在学习上采取更好的态度)”是一种external reality check“外部现实的检验”。故选D。
14．答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“Secndly, when yu get yur feedback frm an assessment, let that infrm what yu want t imprve. But als cnsider what yur gals are.(其次，当你从评估中得到反馈时，让它告诉你想要改进的地方。但也要考虑你的目标是什么)”可知，第四段主要讲述了当你想要提高情商时，你应该考虑你的目标。故选C。
15．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“In ur wrk cnsulting with cmpanies and caching leaders, we have fund that if yu’re lking t develp particular EI strengths, it helps t cnsider areas fr imprvement thers have identified alng with the gals yu want t achieve and then t actively build habits in thse areas rather than simply relying n understanding them cnceptually.(在我们为公司提供咨询服务和培训领导者的工作中，我们发现，如果你想要发展特定的情商优势，考虑其他人已经确定的改进领域以及你想要实现的目标，然后积极地在这些领域培养好的习惯，而不是简单地依赖于对它们概念上的理解，会有所帮助)”、倒数第二段中“Yur emtinal intelligence is s tied up in yur sense f self that being intrinsically (内在的) mtivated t make the effrt matters mre when changing lngstanding habits than it des when simply learning a skill.(你的情商与你的自我意识紧密相连，所以在改变长期习惯时，内在的动机比单纯地学习一项技能更重要)”及最后一段中的“Understanding the influences f yur current EI habits relative t yur gals will keep yu ging ver a lng perid at time as yu d the wrk r strengthening yur emtinal intelligence.(了解你目前的情商习惯对你的目标的影响，将使你在提高你情商的过程中保持长期的努力前行)”可知，情商的提高受到多种因素的影响。由此推知，作者可能会赞同B选项的观点“Effective EI develpment is determined by different factrs.(有效的情商发展取决于不同的因素)”。故选B。
16．答案：①-⑤CDFBG
解析：①根据前文“Yu are immediately alert, prepared t fight r flee the surce f the sund, which tums ut t be a pile f bks falling ff that shelf yu've been meaning t fix. ”（你要马上警惕起来，准备好要么反抗，要么逃离声音的来源，结果证明声音来自一堆从书架上掉下来的书，这个书架你一直想修好它。）可知，空白处可以承接上文描述在声音发生时你的感觉。选项C“但在那一刻，你的大脑和身体的反应，就好像你处于极度危险之中。”，that mment 指代前文 a pile f bks falling ff that shelf。与前文呼应，故选 C。
②根据前文“As children we pick up n what makes ur parents anxius, and we may als learn t fear certain things after negative experiences.”（当我们还是孩子的时候，我们知道什么让我们的父母感到焦虑，我们也可能在经历了消极的事情之后，学会害怕某些事情。）可知，有些恐惧是深植于我们脑海中的，有些是从父母亲处习得的。下文“We can enjy the view frm the tp f a skyscraper rather than wrry abut falling, r turn ut the light-safe in the knwledge that a wlf wn't swallw us in the night.”（我们可以从摩天大楼的顶部欣赏风景，而不用担心会掉下来，或者关掉灯光保险箱，因为我们知道狼不会在晚上把我们吞下去。）举例证明我们清楚没有危险时，能克服内心恐惧的情况。所以该空为过渡句，承上启下。选项D“尽管如此，当我们清楚我们不处于危险中时，我们仍然能够忽略内心的恐惧。”符合题意，故选D。
③根据下文“Agraphbia is generally referred t as the fear f pen spaces, but it applies t the dread f any situatin that is difficult t escape frm, r where help wuld nt be available if smething went wrng. Scial phbia is the intense fear f interacting with peple r perfrming, while specific phbias are the fear f a particular situatin, activity r thing. ”（广场恐惧症通常被称为对开放空间的恐惧，但它适用于任何难以逃脱的情况的恐惧，或者如果出了问题就得不到帮助的情况。社交恐惧症是对与人交往或表演的强烈恐惧，而特定恐惧症是对特定情况、活动或事物的恐惧。）具体描述 agraphbia, scial phbia and specific phbias 三种情况，所以空白处应总说极度恐惧存在于三种情况。选项F“这些极端的恐惧被分为三类：广场恐惧症，社交恐惧症和特定恐惧症。”，故选F。
④根据前文“Agraphbia is generally referred t as the fear f pen spaces, but it applies t the dread f any situatin that is difficult t escape frm, r where help wuld nt be available if smething went wrng. Scial phbia is the intense fear f interacting with peple r perfrming, while specific phbias are the fear f a particular situatin, activity r thing. ”（广场恐惧症通常被称为对开放空间的恐惧，但它适用于任何难以逃脱的情况的恐惧，或者如果出了问题就得不到帮助的情况。社交恐惧症是对与人交往或表演的强烈恐惧，而特定恐惧症是对特定情况、活动或事物的恐惧。）举例这些恐惧给我们日常生活带来的干扰。选项B“这些不合理的恐惧会对日常生活造成很大的干扰。”These irratinal fears 指代前文提到的 agraphbia, scial phbia and specific phbias。 故选 B。
⑤空白处为本段的总起句，根据下文“Fr example, smebdy may develp cynphbia— the fear f dgs—after being bitten. ”（例如，有人可能在被咬后患上犬恐惧症——对狗的恐惧。）举例说明恐惧症产生的原因可能和我们日常的一些不愉快的经历有关。 所以此处应总说恐惧症的原因可能会和我们的经历有关。选项G“恐惧症的原因并不总是很清楚，但许多病例都与经历或目睹不愉快的事件有关。”，故选 G。
17．答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员发现，在学期开始时，平均每晚睡眠时间每减少一小时，学生期末的平均绩点就会下降0.07分。A. drp下降；B.additin增加；C. rise上升；D. cnsistency一贯。根据上文的“The less a student sleeps every night, the lwer their grade-pint average will be, accrding t a tw-year study f the sleep habits f mre than 600 students.”可知，一项对600多名学生的睡眠习惯进行的为期两年的研究显示，学生每晚睡得越少，他们的平均成绩就越低，因此此处学生平均每晚睡眠时间减少一小时，学生期末的平均绩点就会下降0.07分，故选A。
18．答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：该研究的主要作者David Creswell说，当学生每晚睡眠不足6小时，睡眠不足对学生成绩的影响更为明显。A. efficiency效率；B. effect影响；C. cause原因；D. advantage优势。根据上文的“The less a student sleeps every night, the lwer their grade-pint average (GPA) will be, accrding t a tw-year study f the sleep habits f mre than 600 students.”和后文的“f lst sleep n a student’s grades”可知，此处指睡眠不足对学生成绩的影响，应用固定搭配effect n sth(对某事的影响)，故选B。
19．答案：C
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该研究的主要作者David Creswell说，当学生每晚睡眠不足6小时，睡眠不足对学生成绩的影响更为明显。A. primitive原始的；B. varius不同的；C.distinct明显的；D. cntrary相反的。根据上文的“Researchers fund that every lst hur f average nightly sleep at the start f an academic term was assciated with a 0.07- a student’s end-f-term GPA. ”和“When a student slept less than six hurs a night, lst sleep n a student’s grades was even...”可知，学生每晚睡得越少，他们的平均成绩就越低，所以当学生每晚睡眠不足6小时，睡眠不足对学生成绩的影响更为明显，even是提示词，故选C。
20．答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：克雷斯韦尔说，“你正在积累睡眠债”。A.demnstrating展示；B. accusing指责；C. relieving缓解；D. accumulating积累。根据上文的“When a student slept less than six hurs a night, lst sleep n a student’s grades was even mre...”可知，睡得越少，对成绩的影响越大，即在睡眠方面积累了债务，亏欠的睡眠时间越来越多，故选D。
21．答案：C
解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：这对人们的学术产生了极大的负面影响。A. in a state f处于某种状态；B. in assciatin with与……有关；C. in terms f就……而言；D. in line with与……一致。根据上文的“Yu’ sleep debt”可知，亏欠的睡眠时间越来越多，对成绩的影响越大，即就人们的学术而言，睡眠不足有相当负面的影响，故选C。
22．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：睡眠，尤其是不受干扰的睡眠，有助于大脑处理和记忆所学的信息。A.prhibit禁止；B. prcess处理；C. prduce生产；D. privilege给予特权。根据后文的“And when smene is sleep-deprived, attentin span and memry are als damaged.”可知，当一个人睡眠不足时，注意力持续时间和记忆力也会受到损害，因此不受干扰的睡眠才有助于大脑处理和记忆所学的信息，故选B。
23．答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是学生们面临着各种各样的“竞争压力”，这些压力使他们熬夜，克雷斯韦尔说。A. cmpeting竞争；B. cmprehending理解；C. cmplicating复杂化；D. cmparing比较。根据后文的“keep them up late ”以及常识可知，导致学生熬夜的是竞争压力，故选A。
24．答案：A
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：样本组的普通学生在午夜12点左右入睡，这些学生每晚睡约6个小时。A.typically通常地；B. Briefly简短地；C.vilently暴力地；D. subsequently随后。根据后文的“these students slept abut 6 hurs a night”可知，参与调查的学生通常在午夜左右上床睡觉，故选A。
25．答案：A
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：长时间不间断的睡眠允许快速眼动睡眠，这是一段无意识的快速眼球运动，与大脑的高活动相对应。A. uninterrupted连续的；B.uncnstrained不受约束的；C. undetermined待定的；D. unemplyed失业的。根据上文的“Sleeping fr lnger”可知，长时间睡眠意味着不间断地睡眠，故选A。
26．答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：克雷斯韦尔说，他怀疑长期睡眠不足会造成“睡眠债”，导致学生无法集中注意力。A. sustains支撑；B. suspends暂停；C. suspects怀疑；D. shifts改变。根据前文的“It’s nt clear why less sleep wuld cause smene t have a lwer GPA, Creswell said. ”可知，克雷斯韦尔在研究睡眠不足和学业成绩下降之间的联系，但不清楚是什么情况，因此他认为长期睡眠不足会造成“睡眠债”，导致学生无法集中注意力，是克雷斯韦尔提出的怀疑，故选C。
27．答案：D
解析：考查词词义辨析。句意：克雷斯韦尔说，他怀疑长期睡眠不足会造成“睡眠债”，导致学生无法集中注意力。A. imprper不恰当的；B. adequate足够的；C. extrardinary非凡的；D. insufficient不充分的。根据前文的“When a student slept less than six hurs a night”可知，睡眠债是因为睡眠不足导致的，故选D项。
28．答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：克雷斯韦尔说，“这些学生背负着沉重的睡眠债去上课，他们在课堂上很难保持专注和学习”。A. building建造；B. returning返回；C. learning学习；D. emerging出现。根据前文的“The less a student sleeps every night, the lwer their grade-pint average (GPA) will be, accrding t a tw-year study f the sleep habits f mre than 600 students.”学生的成绩下降是因为无法在课堂上保持专注和学习，故选C。
29．答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些东西真的会损害你真正与所学内容互动的能力。A. engage参与；B. elevate提升；C. evlve进化；D. evaluate评价。根据上文的“These students are ging t attend their class with a tn f sleep debt, and they’re having truble staying fcused classrms”可知，学生背负着沉重的睡眠债去上课，他们在课堂上很难保持专注和学习，所以睡眠不足会损害你真正与所学内容互动的能力，engage with表示“与……互动”，故选A。
30．答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，睡眠非常重要，它就像胶水一样，在很多方面把学生的生活联系在一起。A. glance瞥见；B. gesture姿势；C. grade成绩；D. glue胶水。根据后文的“that hlds students’ lives tgether in lts f aspects”可知，把学生们的生活在许多领域联系在一起，因此把睡眠比作了胶水，故选D。
31．答案：B
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：克雷斯韦尔说，“归根结底，如果我们睡得不好，所有的系统都不会起作用”。A. cmes up t接近；B. cmes dwn t归结为；C. ges in fr参与，从事；D. gets dwn t开始做某事。根据后文的“If we’re nt sleeping well, all systems are nt a g”可知如果我们睡得不好，所有的系统都不会起作用，这是总结睡眠对生活的影响，故选B。
32．答案：①the httest②amng③assessment④where⑤facing⑥a⑦hidden⑧was chsen⑨while⑩t be published
解析：①考查形容词最高级。句意：“振兴”一词被评为2023年国内最受欢迎的汉字，“危”一词则被评为国际话题最热门的汉字。根据上文“the natin’s mst ppular character( 国内最受欢迎的汉字)”可推理出空白处应使用形容词的最高级，故填the httest。
②考查介词。句意：这些字符是由教育部国家语言资源监测与研究中心和商务印书馆等机构组织的年度评估中收集的流行单词和短语列表之一。根据下文“a list f ppular wrds, as well as phrases (流行单词和短语列表)”可推理出空白处应填表示“在……中”含义的介词，故填amng。
③考查名词。句意：同上。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾语，使用名词，故填assessment。
④考查定语从句。句意：组织者解释说，“振兴”代表了中国的现状，每个人都在努力，这是一个人在面临挑战和障碍时应该具备的精神，无论是国家还是个人。分析句子结构，这是一个以a current situatin in China为先行词的定语从句，因先行词在定语从句中做状语表示地点，使用关系副词where引导定语从句，故填where。
⑤考查状语从句的省略。句意：同上。分析可知，when应连接时间状语，可以是时间状语从句，由于和主句主语一致，因此可以省略主语和be动词，使用“when ding”结构，故填facing。
⑥考查冠词。句意：同时，报告指出，在国际上，世界道路已在战争和冲突、经济低迷、发展差距扩大和环境恶化中走到十字路口。分析句子结构，空白处后面有名词，根据冠词的用法，名词前需使用不定冠词，表示“一个”含义，因空白处后面词的第一个发音音素为辅音，故填a。
⑦考查形容词。句意：组织者呼吁寻找隐藏在危机中的机会，并利用对话与合作来处理分歧，以建设一个公平、更美好的世界。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作后置定语，因与其逻辑主语pprtunities之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，使用v-ed形式的形容词，故填hidden。
⑧考查被动语态。句意：除了文字，“高质量发展”被选为年度国内重点短语，而ChatGPT被评为年度国际主题短语。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，且与主语之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，因句子表示的过去发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was chsen。
⑨考查连词。句意：同上。根据上文“In additin t characters, “gazhiliang fazhan”, r high-quality develpment, was chsen as the key dmestic phrase f the year (除了文字，“高质量发展”被选为年度国内重点短语)”以及下文“ChatGPT was named the annual phrase in internatinal tpics (ChatGPT被评为年度国际主题短语)”可知，上下文之间在对两个事物进行对比，使用连词while连接，故填while。
⑩考查非谓语动词。句意：今年是第18次公布这样的名单。根据上文“fr such a list”可知此处使用了动词不定式的复合结构，空白处填动词不定式，因与其逻辑主语list之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，使用动词不定式的被动式，故填t be published。
33．答案：
1. disastrus 2. Equipping 3. Incredibly 4. Resistant 5. divisins
解析：1.考查形容词。句意：这样的危险不仅会给场地本身带来灾难性的后果，也会给人们带来灾难性的后果。分析句子可知，空处应为形容词，作定语修饰名词“utcmes”；disaster为名词，意为“灾难”，disastrus为形容词，表示“灾难性的”，符合句意。故填disastrus。
2.考查动名词。句意：相对贫穷并没有妨碍马丁接受良好的教育。动词短语prevent sb frm ding表示“阻止某人做某事”，故空处应为动名词形式，作宾语；equip为动词，表示“装备、配备”，动词短语equip sb with sth表示“使某人具备”，符合句意。故填equipping。
3.考查副词。句意：将食物摄入量减少一半对任何人来说都是一件极其困难的事情——难怪减肥不是一件容易的事。分析句子可知，空处应为副词，修饰形容词“difficult”，作状语；incredible为形容词，意为“不可思议的、极大的”，incredibly为副词，表示“不可思议地、非常”，incredibly difficult表示“极其困难”，符合句意。故填incredibly。
4.考查形容词。句意：使用的杀虫剂越多，昆虫的抵抗力就越强，所以必须使用更多的杀虫剂。分析句子可知，空处应为形容词，作表语；resist为动词，意为“抵抗、抵制”，resistant为形容词，表示“有抵抗力的”，符合句意。故填resistant。
5.考查名词复数。句意：历史学家对这座建筑的确切建造时间存在分歧，但没有人能否认这是一座宏伟的建筑。根据“There are”可知，空处应为名词复数，作主语；divide为动词，意为“分隔、使产生分歧”，divisin表示“分歧”，为可数名词，符合句子和句意，此处用复数泛指。故填divisins。
34．答案： dismissal
解析：考查名词。句意：他受到威胁说，如果他上班继续迟到，就会被解雇。此处使用dismiss的名词作宾语，需要的词义为“解雇”，故填dismissal。
35．答案： t submit
解析：考查动词不定式。句意：被老师批评后，这个男孩决心按时交作业。分析句子结构可知，submit在句子中不作为谓语动词使用，使用动词不定式作定语修饰reslutin，make a reslutin t d意为“下定决心做某事”，故填t submit。
36．答案： unexpected
解析：考查形容词。句意：这种鱼的肉有一种意想不到的美味，他忍不住吃了很多。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，根据句意，应是unexpected意为“出乎意料的”符合语境。故填unexpected。
37．答案： cnvinced
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：老先生确信这个小男孩是无辜的，于是决定帮助他。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语The ld gentleman之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，使用过去分词，故填cnvinced。
38．答案： under
解析：考查固定搭配。句意：由于珊瑚礁受到气候变化的威胁，科学家们现在提倡减少岛屿上的人口，以保护海洋中一些最多样化的生态系统。under threat固定搭配，意为“受到威胁”，故under。
39．答案： what
解析：考查同位语从句。句意：当被问到这个问题时，这个男孩说他不知道教室里到底发生了什么。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导同位语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“某事”，因此使用what引导同位语从句解释名词 idea，故填what。
40．答案： whse
解析：考查定语从句。句意：我们都很感谢约翰，他的帮助对我们的成功贡献很大。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句；先行词是Jhn，指人，关系词在定语从句中作定语，表示所属关系，意为“……的”，所以空处需用关系代词whse引导定语从句。故填whse。
41．答案： cnservative
解析：考查形容词。句意：人们在年轻的时候会变得更加好斗，随着年龄的增长，他们会变得更加保守。作表语，应用形容词cnservative 保守的。故填cnservative。
42．答案： expsing
解析：考查现在分词。句意：他们的努力有助于发展和加强与这些国家和地区的和谐关系，使外国人民了解中国文化。分析句子结构可知，expse在句子中不作为谓语动词使用，“Their effrts helped develp and strengthen harmnius relatins with these cuntries and regins”与expse之间为主动关系，因此使用expse的现在分词作结果状语，故填expsing。
43．答案： pursuit
解析：考查名词。句意：政客们把他们的野心装扮成追求公共利益。此处应用名词pursuit作宾语，由a可知，应用单数，故填pursuit。
44．答案： cast new light n
解析：考查时态和固定搭配。句意：最近的研究使人们对这种疾病的起因有了新的认识。“进一步了解……；对……有新的认识”为固定搭配cast new light n，由has和句意可知，句子用现在完成时，cast的过去分词还是cast，故填cast new light n。
45．答案： have wrestled with
解析：考查动词短语和时态。句意：我已经全力解决这个问题好几个星期了，但还没有找到解决办法。根据汉语提示“努力解决，全力解决”可知，此处为动词短语wrestle with，结合“fr weeks”可知，使用现在完成时，主语为I，助动词用have。故填have wrestled with。
46．答案： srting ut
解析：考查动词短语。句意：秘书花了一下午的时间整理所有的文件，并按照老板的安排详细记账。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用动词短语srt ut，spend time ding sth.“花费时间做某事”，应用-ing形式。故填srting ut。
47．答案： fr the benefits f
解析：考查固定搭配。句意：政府将考虑改革教育制度，使其更好地发挥作用，这既有利于学生，也有利于社会。“为了……的好处，为了……的利益”为固定搭配fr the benefit f，由students和sciety可知，benefit应用复数，故填fr the benefits f。
48．答案： in place
解析：考查固定搭配。句意：一切准备就绪后，救援队就出发去山上寻找失踪的乘客。根据汉语提示“准备就绪”可知，此处为介词短语in place。故填in place。
49．答案： discipline themselves t
解析：考查固定短语和时态。句意：考虑到低重力对人体的这些负面影响，宇航员们要求自己每天至少锻炼两个小时。根据汉语提示，所设空处意为“严格要求自己”，可使用固定短语discipline neself t，其中反身代词指的是astrnauts，则反身代词应该使用 themselves，陈述客观事实，discipline使用一般现在时， astrnauts为复数意义，故填discipline themselves t。
50．答案： spare n effrt
解析：考查动词短语。句意：政府应该不遗余力地做的是增强公众对濒危动物的意识。空前是情态动词，所以空处应填动词原形，根据所给中文提示，应是spare n effrt意为“不遗余力，竭尽全力”。故填spare n effrt。
51．答案： Cntrary t
解析：考查固定搭配。句意：与通俗历史书籍相反，大多数学术书籍倾向于采用更严肃的方法来研究历史。“与……相反”为固定搭配be cntrary t，此处在句中作状语，去掉be动词，应用形容词短语作状语，句首单词首字母大写，故填Cntrary t。
52．答案： beating dwn
解析：考查动词短语和非谓语动词。句意：人群在那里站了几个小时，太阳强烈照射在他们身上。根据介词“with”可知，空处应为非谓语动词；动词短语beat dwn n表示“强烈照射到”，符合句子和句意，与“the sun”之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词作宾补。故填beating dwn。
53．答案： in pssessin f
解析：考查固定短语。句意：他被发现持有赃物，并被送上法庭。根据汉语提示，所设空处意为“拥有，占有”，可使用固定短语in pssessin f，故填in pssessin f。
54．答案： I kncked n his dr, sat dwn in his living rm, and asked, “Can I adpt yu as my grandpa?” Bill std frzen fr a little while befre a brad smile came acrss his face. Then I saw tears in his eyes. He wrapped me in his arms and buried his face in my cat t hide his tears, his vice trembling, “Of curse, sweetheart! I’m s happy t be yur grandpa!” Sn after, Bill printed ut an adptin certificate and hung it n the wall f “my” rm. Gazing at the snw utside, Bill said t me excitedly, “It’s time t learn hw t drive a lawn tractr.”
The next mrning, while learning t drive the lawn tractr with a snwplw, I accidentally plwed dwn ur chain-link fence. I was almst frightened t tears, but Bill just chuckled in his laid-back way and cmfrted me, “Dn’t wrry, Grandsn. I have already planned t change a fence.” We eventually replaced it with a nice, tall wden fence. My dad and Bill installed it tgether. What impressed me mst was that there was a dr n the fence, which definitely strengthened ur cnnectin. Underneath, I knew that we were a true family nw.
解析：1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我敲了他的门，坐在他的客厅里，问道：‘我可以认你做我的爷爷吗？’”可知，第一段可描写老人听到作者提议后的反应。
②由第二段首句内容“第二天早上，我在用扫雪机学习开草坪拖拉机的时候，不小心把我家的铁链围栏给犁倒了。”可知，第二段可描写老人之后和作者一家的相处情况。
2.续写线索：提出认老人当爷爷——老人同意且非常激动——老人帮助作者建篱笆——两家加强联系
3.词汇激活
行为类
1.搂在怀里：wrap sb. in ne’s arms/hld sb. in ne’s arms
2.取代：replace sth. with sth./substitute sth. fr sth.
3.安装：install/ fix
情绪类
1.高兴：happy/glad
2.兴奋：excitedly/feverishly
[高分句型1] What impressed me mst was that there was a dr n the fence, which definitely strengthened ur cnnectin. (运用了what引导的主语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Underneath, I knew that we were a true family nw. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
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33．autmatic disaster resist equip divide threaten incredible