山东省聊城市2024届高三上学期期末教学质量检测英语试卷(含答案)

这是一份山东省聊城市2024届高三上学期期末教学质量检测英语试卷(含答案)，共23页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，短文填空，书面表达，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。


一、阅读理解
America is ne f the best travelling ptins fr everyne. Here the Gd Htel Guide shares sme f the tp American htels fr travelers t chse frm.
The Sanctuary at Kiawah Island Glf Resrt
If yu want a quiet, stress-free getaway, The Sanctuary at Kiawah Island Glf Resrt might be just the place. Sitting right n the shres f the Atlantic Ocean, this htel is a destinatin unt itself. Meanwhile, staff ges ut f their way t attend t their guests’ needs. Hwever, if yu are hping t explre urban areas, be warned this htel is lcated apprximately 25 miles suth f the city.
The Peninsula Chicag
Travelers describe the guest rms as cmfrtable thanks t their mdern techie tuches, like a bedside remte cmmand statin that cntrls the lights, televisin and rm temperatures. During yur stay, guests recmmend making time fr the tasty Cantnese dishes served in the Shanghai Terrace restaurant. Hwever, fr many travelers, it was The Peninsula Chicag’s friendly service staff that cnvinced them t stay here again.
Snesta Ls Angeles Airprt LAX
Lcated just 1,312 feet frm Ls Angeles Internatinal Airprt, this htel ffers free 24-hur airprt shuttles, easy access t the city center. With nearby mtrways, Hllywd is just 12 miles away frm Snesta Ls Angeles Airprt LAX. Cuples in particular like the lcatin — they rated it 8.5 fr a tw-persn trip because f its cnvenience and the welcming staff.
Sheratn Gateway Ls Angeles Htel
This mdern htel prvides free 24-hur dedicated shuttle service t Ls Angeles Internatinal Airprt, just 3 minutes’ drive away. Guests can relax in the utdr heated pl. Recent guests give the curteus and prfessinal staff high praise. Cuples like the lcatin best — they rated it 8.7 fr a tw-persn trip.
1．If yu want t relieve yur tensin, which htel wuld yu like t chse?
A. Snesta Ls Angeles Airprt LAX.
B. The Sanctuary at Kiawah Island Glf Resrt.
C. The Peninsula Chicag.
D. Sheratn Gateway Ls Angeles Htel.
2．Which htel is the mst favrable t cuples?
A. The Sanctuary at Kiawah Island Glf Resrt.
B. The Peninsula Chicag.
C. Snesta Ls Angeles Airprt LAX.
D. Sheratn Gateway Ls Angeles Htel.
3．What d the fur htels have in cmmn?
A. They ffer cnvenient access t the dwntwn area.
B. They have quality custmer service.
C. They are ppular amng cuples.
D. They are lcated near the airprt.
This stry is part f Nature’s 10, an annual list prduced by the wrld’s leading science jurnal Nature, explring individuals wh cntributed t the key develpments in science. On the 2023 list published, the jurnal included a nn-human entity — ChatGPT, fr the first time.
ChatGPT and related sftware can help t brainstrm ideas, enhance scientific search engines and identify research gaps in the literature, says Marinka Zitnik, wh wrks n AI fr medical research at Harvard Medical Schl in Bstn, Massachusetts. Mdels trained in similar ways n scientific data culd help t build AI systems that can guide research, perhaps by designing new mlecules r simulating cell behaviur, Zitnik adds.
But why include a cmputer prgram in a list f peple wh have shaped science in 2023? ChatGPT is nt a persn. But actually, it and ther generative artificial-intelligence (AI) prgrams are changing hw scientists wrk. They have als rekindled debates abut the limits f AI, the nature f human intelligence and hw best t regulate the interactin between the tw. That’s why this year’s Nature’s 10 has a nn-human additin.
Interestingly, Nature’s list als includes ne f its creatrs. Ilya Sutskever, the chief scientist and cfunder f OpenAI, the rganizatin that created ChatGPT, is ne f the minds at the frefrnt f generative artificial intelligence. He saw this cmpany as an pprtunity t develp general artificial intelligence that culd utperfrm humans and develp its wn cnsciusness.
Sutskever believes that artificial intelligence’s ptential is t great fr mdels t be available t anyne wh wants t use them, and he was amng the first t realize that the systems that scientists like his mentr, Geffrey Hintn, had begun t develp wuld begin t shw their actual capabilities as cmputing pwer increased. In recent mnths, he devted his effrts tward creating a methd t direct and cntrl artificial intelligence systems that are mre intelligent than humans.
4．Which f the fllwing is true abut Nature’s 10 accrding t the passage?
A. Nature’s 10 is celebrating the develpment f science technlgy.
B. Only human beings were elected as Nature’s 10 befre.
C. Nature’s 10 was started in 2023 fr the first time.
D. It was awarded by the lcal gvernment yearly.
5．What is the secnd paragraph abut?
A. Experts’ pinins n ChatGPT.
B. Hw ChatGPT functins.
C. The applicatin f ChatGPT in science research.
D. The prmtin f ChatGPT.
6．What des the underlined wrd rekindled in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Settled.B. Restarted.C. Participated.D. Launched.
7．Which f the fllwing can best describe Ilya Sutskever’s attitude twards ChatGPT?
A. Cnfident and cautius.B. Prud and cncerned.
C. Objective and dubtful.D. Enthusiastic and warning.
The Canadian Fssil Discvery Centre has recently “rediscvered” an ancient shark skeletn that has been sitting in the museum’s cllectin fr nearly 50 years. Culd this shark be a part f a newly discvered ancient shark species?
This fssil’s riginal discvery was in 1975 n a farm just west f Mrden, Manitba. The skeletn was brught int the museum and was frgtten within the ever-grwing fssil cllectin. The skeletn was hidden in the cllectins rm fr ver 40 years and the center just recently fund the fssil in its strage arund eight years ag.
Adlf Cuertara, the directr f the Canadian Fssil Discvery Centre, explained that “It’s a very special shark fr many reasns. It’s highly pssible that we are talking abut a new species.” Althugh the shark has nt been given a scientific name yet, the museum has unfficially named the skeletn, “Dave”, in hnr f the farmer n whse land the skeletn was fund.
After the fssil rediscvery, Dave was exhibited at the fssil center museum. Dave is arund 15 feet lng and is ne f the largest well-preserved shark skeletns in the entire wrld. Within the palentlgy (古生物学) wrld, cmplete shark fssils are extremely rare due t their sft cartilage (软骨结构) which disintegrates as they age. Dave’s shark species are filter feeders with n teeth, wh receive their nutritin by absrbing it ut f the water. Cuertara emphasizes Dave’s uniqueness by explaining, “The shape f the jaws and the skull and the kind f structures that it has, because the preservatin is really amazing, is telling us that it is prbably ging t be a new species. The prblem is nw we need scientific papers and scientific research and this paper is underway.”
The Canadian Fssil Discvery Centre is hpeful that mre scientific research will prvide mre infrmatin n Dave’s ancient shark species. Fr nw, Dave is currently n display at the Canadian Fssil Discvery Centre and the museum has the exhibit up t date with their current infrmatin.
8．Where prbably culd yu find this article?
A. Science textbk f cllege.
B. Advertising brchure f museum.
C. Discvery clumn f magazine.
D. Bulletin bard f animal wrld.
9．What des the underlined wrd “disintegrates” mean in the furth paragraph?
A. Die away.B. Break dwn.C. Build up.D. Lie dwn.
10．What evidence made scientists believe Dave is a new shark species?
A. The structure f skull and jaw.
B. The preservatin f jaw and the skull.
C. The uniqueness f n teeth structure.
D. The rare sft cartilage.
11．What is the main idea f the text?
A. Canadian Fssil Discvery Centre displays Dave ancient shark species.
B. Dave’s shark species is a new species f ancient shark.
C. Canadian Museum rediscvers a new ancient shark species.
D. Dave’s shark skeletn is in hnr f the farmer wh rediscvered it.
Typically, peple are mre likely t share things that can lead t an exchange f saliva (唾液), such as kisses r an ice cream cne, with family members r clse friends than with an acquaintance r a clleague. As a result, it can be markers f a “thick relatinship”, which can help babies wrk ut wh is in clse relatinships with ne anther, a study suggests.
Ashley Thmas, a develpmental psychlgist at MIT, and clleagues ran experiments f peple engaging with puppets (木偶). Researchers, f curse, can’t knw exactly what babies are thinking. But tracking where they lk is ne way t get a hint. The idea is nt that yung children might be expecting an adult t cmfrt the puppet, Thmas says. Instead, the researchers expected that the yung children wuld lk tward the persn that they expect t mve first when the puppet expresses distress (悲伤), and that wuld be the persn wh has a clser relatinship with the ty, she says.
Fr sme f the experiments, the team shwed 8-t 10-mnth-ld babies r 16-t 18-mnth-ld tddlers vides f a wman sharing an range slice with a puppet. A secnd vide depicted anther wman and the puppet playing with a ball. During a final vide that shwed the puppet seemingly crying while seated between the tw wmen, the kids’ eyes were drawn t the wman wh had shared the range slice — a sign the kids may have been expecting her t react.
The team saw similar results when ne wman interacted with tw puppets. The wman stuck her finger in her muth and then ne puppet’s muth t share her saliva. Fr the ther, she tuched nly her frehead and then the puppet’s frehead. Infants and tddlers spent mre time lking at the puppet that had swapped saliva after the wman shwed distress.
This study thrws new light n child’s psychlgy. But it’s unclear hw the findings relate t the daily lives f yung children. Future experiments culd switch ut actresses in the study fr family members r teachers t better understand the rle saliva may play in hw babies and tddlers distinguish different types f relatinships.
12．What can help babies figure ut clse relatinships?
A. Things that can result in an exchange f emtin.
B. Intimate actins that share saliva.
C. An ice cream cne in the Sweet Stp.
D. Behavirs that cmfrt the puppet.
13．Hw d researchers knw wh has a clser relatinship with the puppet in babies’ eyes?
A. By finding what babies are thinking.
B. By tracking where babies pint.
C. By knwing wh the yung children lk tward.
D. By watching wh cme t cmfrt the puppet.
14．What’s the purpse f paragraph 4?
A. T give supprting evidence fr the study results.
B. T shw ptential applicatin f the study findings.
C. T make a brief cnclusin f the study results.
D. T raise a reasnable dubt abut the study prcess.
15．What’s the authr’s attitude t this new finding?
A. Favrable.B. Intlerant.C. Objective.D. Unclear.
二、七选五
16．New academicians take a grup pht after the certificate awarding ceremny at the Chinese Academy f Sciences. ① _________ They aimed t make greater cntributins t the develpment f the natin’s scientific research by encuraging the yung generatin and prmting the rle f female scientists.
Academician Huang made three cmmitments t himself — t cntribute his energy t scientific research; t apply his achievements in the fields; and t prvide mre pprtunities fr yung peple. “② _________ By allwing utstanding yung peple t have sufficient pprtunities, we can fster a diverse scientific cmmunity with vigrus debates,” he said.
Academician Jian Zhimin advised yung students that persistence is the mst valuable spirit n the path f scientific research. “③ _________ This determinatin and perseverance are essential in scientific research,” he said.
Out f the 59 newly elected academicians this year, five f them are female scientists. Academician Jin Kuijuan mentined that wmen have unique perspectives, and respecting the rle f wmen is f crucial significance. ④ _________
⑤ _________ Fr example, she said funding institutins such as the Natinal Natural Science Fundatin and the Excellent Yung Schlars Fund have relaxed their age restrictins, taking int cnsideratin the time and energy wmen need fr childbirth and childcare.
A. They are mre resilient (有适应力的), which cntributes t the develpment f science.
B. In recent years, Jin has nticed the increasing supprt fr female scientists in China.
C. As academicians, we need t share mre pprtunities with the yunger generatin.
D. She has bth male and female students, wh are irreplaceable t each ther.
E. The 59 newly elected academicians vwed at the ceremny n Friday.
F. I hpe the hnr I received can inspire mre females t develp an interest in physics.
G. T achieve success in the field f science, the mst imprtant thing is t persist with riginal intentin.
三、完形填空（15空）
I had nt visited Etn fr many years. When ne day passing frm the Fellws’ Library int the Gallery, I caught sight f the 1 f my schl friend Digby Dlben hanging just withut the dr amng ur mst 2 cntempraries. I was 3 arrested and as I std gazing n it, my 4 asked me if I knew wh it was. I was thinking that I must be almst the nly persn wh wuld knw him. Far 5 f my byhd were crwding 6 upn me: he was standing again beside me in the eager prmise f his yuth.
This prtrait-gallery f ld Etnians is very 7 : utstanding distinctin f birth r excellent qualities may win yu a place there. 8 , hw came Dlben there? It was 9 he was a pet; and yet his pems were nt knwn. They were carefully 10 by his family and a few friends. Indeed, such f his pems as culd have cme t the eyes f the authrities wh apprved f this memrial wuld nt 11 it. There was anther 12 — the prtrait bears its wn certificatin. Thugh yu might nt perhaps understand the pet in it, yu can see the sul immersed in deep thught, the habit f stainless (无瑕的) life, f 13 , f enthusiasm fr high ideals. Such a being must have 14 remarkably amng his fellws. When his early death endeared (使价值更高) his memry, lving grief wuld generusly 15 him the glry which he had never wrn.
17．A. statueB. characterC. prtraitD. theme
18．A. valuableB. distinguishedC. familiarD. gracius
19．A. whllyB. partlyC. curiuslyD. secretly
20．A. peersB. chairmanC. leaderD. cmpanin
21．A. judgmentB. thughtC. memriesD. behaviur
22．A. hurriedlyB. freshlyC. anxiuslyD. eagerly
23．A. selectiveB. splendidC. handsmeD. challenging
24．A. YetB. TherefreC. ThusD. Hwever
25．A. becauseB. whyC. thatD. what
26．A. bservedB. capturedC. illustratedD. guarded
27．A. perateB. prmteC. justifyD. permit
28．A. appreciatinB. reasnC. causeD. effect
29．A. devtinB. ambitinC. imaginatinD. symbl
30．A. brught abutB. std frC. std utD. brught in
31．A. interpretB. grantC. appintD. identify
四、短文填空
32．As sn as the weather gets cld in nrthern China, yu’ll see a lt f vendrs selling a delicius traditinal delicacy — Bing Tang Hu Lu, r Tanghulu① _________ shrt. This snack, which riginated in Beijing and Tianjin, traditinally ② _________ (cnsist) f hawthrn fruit cated in hard candy ③ _________ skewered (串住) n a bamb stick.
The stry begins with ④ _________ beautiful Chinese wman. The favrite cncubine (妃子) f the Sng Emperr Guangzng (1147-1200) fell seriusly ill. N curt dctr was able t cure her. ⑤ _________ (help), the emperr issued an appeal fr dctrs frm amng the rdinary peple t cme frward t help. A cuntry dctr recmmended eating red hawthrn fruits fried in brwn sugar, which turned ut t be effective.
Thus, sugar-cated hawthrn fruit became the favrite sugary snack f the Chinese imperial family, and curt chefs were assigned ⑥ _________ (supply) it n a regular basis. After ⑦ _________ (reserve) fr the nbility during the last imperial dynasty, the sticky delicacy has becme ⑧ _________ (wide) ppular amng rdinary peple in mre recent times.
The rund and red fruits were seen as gd luck, ⑨ _________ (symblize) tgetherness. With time, it was believed that the snack brught gd luck and wealth, hence ⑩ _________ (it) ppularity at family celebratins and large meals. S, what culd pssibly stp yu frm giving it a try?
五、书面表达
33．假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Tm发来邮件，请你推荐一部中国名著，请回复该邮件，内容包括：
1. 名著简介；2. 推荐理由。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Tm,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
六、读后续写
34．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Skatebarding, which is rted in street culture and clsely tied t lifestyles and attitudes f yung peple, is a sprt that emphasizes freedm and persnal techniques.
The 13-year-ld girl, Cui, tk up skatebarding in 2020 when the COVID-19 pandemic did nt allw her t practice rllerblading, which she began as a 3-year-ld. One day, her father, a skatebarding enthusiast, suggested “why nt try skatebarding at hme instead?” That day she stepped nt the bard fr the first time, “It felt incredibly smth. It was lve at first sight.” Cui exclaimed. Within a year, she was reaching pdiums (领奖台) at prfessinal-level events, In 2022, she ranked third in the wmen’s street event at the prvincial games. She sn jined the prvincial skatebarding team and underwent a mre cmprehensive and structured training prgram.
In skatebarding, injuries are unavidable, but when discussing the pain and the setbacks, Cui displayed a level f resilience (适应力) beynd her age. “When I started skatebarding, I thught it was great fun. Later, I realized peple sustain a lt f injuries while skatebarding. But that is where the spirit f skatebarding lies.” she said. Mst f the time, getting injured is just part f the prcess, and she simply pushes thrugh it and perseveres, she added.
Earlier this year, Cui secured the 30th spt in the wmen’s street event at the Wrld Street Skatebarding Champinships. Until Wednesday, the title f China’s yungest Asian Games gld medalist belnged t 15-year-ld skatebarder Chen Ye, wh wn the men’s park event n Mnday.
The street cmpetitin invlves skaters perfrming daring tricks n a tugh curse that features rails and gaps. September 28, 2023, the big day fr Cui came.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph1:
“I particularly wanted t win this ne.” Cui said t her father.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph2:
Cui made an impressive landing ff the difficult high rail.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1．答案： B
解析：细节理解题。根据The Sanctuary at Kiawah Island Glf Resrt部分中“If yu want a quiet, stress-free getaway, The Sanctuary at Kiawah Island Glf Resrt might be just the place.(如果你想要一个安静，无压力的度假，在基亚瓦岛高尔夫度假村的避难所可能只是一个地方)”可知，如果你想缓解你的压力，The Sanctuary at Kiawah Island Glf Resrt是最佳选择。故选B项。
2．答案： C
解析：细节理解题。根据Snesta Ls Angeles Airprt LAX部分中“Cuples in particular like the lcatin — they rated it 8.5 fr a tw-persn trip because f its cnvenience and the welcming staff.(情侣们特别喜欢这里的地理位置——他们给两人旅行打了8.5分，因为这里很方便，工作人员也很热情)”可知，对情侣来说，Snesta Ls Angeles Airprt LAX最有利。故选C项。
3．答案： B
解析：细节理解题。根据The Sanctuary at Kiawah Island Glf Resrt部分中“Meanwhile, staff ges ut f their way t attend t their guests’ needs.(与此同时，工作人员会不遗余力地满足客人的需求)”、The Peninsula Chicag部分中“Hwever, fr many travelers, it was The Peninsula Chicag’s friendly service staff that cnvinced them t stay here again.(然而，对于许多游客来说，是芝加哥半岛酒店友好的服务人员说服他们再次入住)”、Snesta Ls Angeles Airprt LAX部分中“because f its cnvenience and the welcming staff.(因为它的便利和热情的工作人员)”和Sheratn Gateway Ls Angeles Htel部分中“Recent guests give the curteus and prfessinal staff high praise.(最近的客人对我们彬彬有礼和专业的工作人员给予了很高的评价)”可知，四家酒店的共同点是他们都有优质的客户服务。故选B项。
4．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“On the 2023 list published, the jurnal included a nn-human entity — ChatGPT, fr the first time.(在公布的2023年名单中，该杂志首次纳入了一个非人类实体——ChatGPT)”可知，在此之前，只有人类能被选为“自然10强”。故选B项。
5．答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。根据第二段中“ChatGPT and related sftware can help t brainstrm ideas, enhance scientific search engines and identify research gaps in the literature, says Marinka Zitnik, wh wrks n AI fr medical research at Harvard Medical Schl in Bstn, Massachusetts. Mdels trained in similar ways n scientific data culd help t build AI systems that can guide research, perhaps by designing new mlecules r simulating cell behaviur, Zitnik adds.(马萨诸塞州波士顿的哈佛医学院从事人工智能医学研究的Marinka Zitnik说，ChatGPT和相关软件可以帮助集思广益，增强科学搜索引擎，并识别文献中的研究空白。Zitnik补充说，以类似的方式对科学数据进行训练的模型可以帮助建立指导研究的人工智能系统，也许可以通过设计新分子或模拟细胞行为来实现)”可知，本段主要讨论了ChatGPT和其他生成式人工智能程序如何改变科学家的工作方式，并提到了ChatGPT在指导研究和增强科学搜索引擎方面的潜在可能。由此可知，第二段介绍了ChatGPT在科学研究领域中的应用。故选C项。
6．答案：B
解析：词句猜测题。前缀re-表示“重新；再”；结合常识和划线词后“debates abut the limits f AI, the nature f human intelligence and hw best t regulate the interactin between the tw(关于人工智能的局限性、人类智能的本质以及如何最好地规范两者之间的互动的辩论)”可知，关于人工智能的这些话题的辩论并不是新事物，以前就已经有过很多相关的辩论，由此推知，ChatGPT的出现只是重新引发了相关辩论。故划线词rekindled与restarted“重新开始”意思接近。故选B项。
7．答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中“He saw this cmpany as an pprtunity t develp general artificial intelligence that culd utperfrm humans and develp its wn cnsciusness.(他认为这家公司是开发通用人工智能的一个机会，它可以超越人类，发展自己的意识)”和最后一段中“he was amng the first t realize that the systems that scientists like his mentr, Geffrey Hintn, had begun t develp wuld begin t shw their actual capabilities as cmputing pwer increased.(他是最早意识到，随着计算能力的提高，像他的导师杰弗里·辛顿这样的科学家开始开发的系统将开始显示其实际能力的人之一)”可推知，Ilya Sutskever认为人工智能会超越人类，发展自己的意识，对其能力充满信心(cnfident)；根据最后一段中“Sutskever believes that artificial intelligence’s ptential is t great fr mdels t be available t anyne wh wants t use them(Sutskever认为，人工智能的潜力太大，任何想要使用它们的人都无法获得模型)”和“In recent mnths, he devted his effrts tward creating a methd t direct and cntrl artificial intelligence systems that are mre intelligent than humans.(最近几个月，他致力于创造一种方法来指导和控制比人类更聪明的人工智能系统)”可推知，Ilya Sutskever对人工智能的运用非常谨慎(cautius)，希望创造一种方法来指导和控制比人类更聪明的人工智能。故选A项。
8．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中“The Canadian Fssil Discvery Centre has recently “rediscvered” an ancient shark skeletn that has been sitting in the museum’s cllectin fr nearly 50 years.(加拿大化石发现中心最近“重新发现”了一具在博物馆收藏了近50年的古代鲨鱼骨架)”和最后一段中“The Canadian Fssil Discvery Centre is hpeful that mre scientific research will prvide mre infrmatin n Dave’s ancient shark species. Fr nw, Dave is currently n display at the Canadian Fssil Discvery Centre and the museum has the exhibit up t date with their current infrmatin.(加拿大化石发现中心希望更多的科学研究能提供更多关于戴夫古鲨鱼物种的信息。目前，戴夫目前正在加拿大化石发现中心展出，博物馆的展品与他们目前的信息同步)”可知，本文介绍了加拿大化石发现中心对其馆藏“古鲨鱼骨架”的再发现，并说明了其意义。由此推知，本文可能出自杂志中的发现栏目。故选C项。
9．答案：B
解析：词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Within the palentlgy (古生物学) wrld, cmplete shark fssils are extremely rare due t their sft cartilage (软骨结构) which disintegrates as they age.(在古生物学界，完整的鲨鱼化石极其罕见，因为它们的软骨会随着年龄的增长而disintegrates)”中“sft cartilage (软骨结构)”可推知，因为鲨鱼是软骨，所以随着年龄的增长，骨头会“分解”，很难保留下来。划线词disintegrates与动词短语Break dwn同义。故选B项。
10．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中“The shape f the jaws and the skull and the kind f structures that it has, because the preservatin is really amazing, is telling us that it is prbably ging t be a new species.(颌骨和头骨的形状以及它的结构，因为保存得非常惊人地完好，告诉我们它可能是一个新物种)”可知，得到保存的颌骨和头骨让科学家相信戴夫是一种新的鲨鱼物种。故选B项。
11．答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“The Canadian Fssil Discvery Centre has recently “rediscvered” an ancient shark skeletn that has been sitting in the museum’s cllectin fr nearly 50 years.(加拿大化石发现中心最近“重新发现”了一具在博物馆收藏了近50年的古代鲨鱼骨架)”可知，文章主要介绍了加拿大化石发现中心对其馆藏“古鲨鱼骨架”的再发现，它可能是一种新的古老鲨鱼物种，所以“Canadian Museum rediscvers a new ancient shark species.(加拿大博物馆重新发现了一种新的古鲨鱼物种)”是文章的主要内容。故选C项。
12．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Typically, peple are mre likely t share things that can lead t an exchange f saliva (唾液), such as kisses r an ice cream cne, with family members r clse friends than with an acquaintance r a clleague. As a result, it can be markers f a ”thick relatinship”, which can help babies wrk ut wh is in clse relatinships with ne anther, a study suggests.(通常情况下，人们更倾向于与家人或亲密的朋友分享可以引起唾液交换的东西，比如亲吻或冰淇淋甜筒，而不是与熟人或同事分享。因此，一项研究表明，这可能是“亲密关系”的标志，可以帮助婴儿弄清楚谁与另一个人关系密切)”可知，分享唾液的亲密行为可以帮助婴儿弄清楚亲密的关系。故选B项。
13．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“Researchers, f curse, can’t knw exactly what babies are thinking. But tracking where they lk is ne way t get a hint.(当然，研究人员无法确切知道婴儿在想什么。但追踪他们看的地方是获得线索的一种方式)”和“Instead, the researchers expected that the yung children wuld lk tward the persn that they expect t mve first when the puppet expresses distress (悲伤), and that wuld be the persn wh has a clser relatinship with the ty, she says.(她说，相反，研究人员预计，当木偶表现出悲伤时，年幼的孩子会把目光投向他们预计会首先移动的人，而这个人可能是与玩具关系更密切的人)”可知，通过观察孩子们在看谁，研究人员就能知道在婴儿眼中，谁与木偶关系更密切。故选C项。
14．答案：A
解析：推理判断题。第四段“The team saw similar results when ne wman interacted with tw puppets. The wman stuck her finger in her muth and then ne puppet’s muth t share her saliva. Fr the ther, she tuched nly her frehead and then the puppet’s frehead. Infants and tddlers spent mre time lking at the puppet that had swapped saliva after the wman shwed distress.(当一名妇女与两个木偶互动时，研究小组也看到了类似的结果。这个女人把手指先伸进嘴里，然后伸进一个木偶的嘴里，分享她的唾液。对于另一个，她只是先触摸自己的额头，然后触摸木偶的额头。在女人表现出痛苦后，婴儿和蹒跚学步的孩子会花更多的时间看那个分享唾液的木偶)”中详细介绍了另一个相关实验。结合段首句“The team saw similar results when ne wman interacted with tw puppets.(当一名妇女与两个木偶互动时，研究小组也看到了类似的结果)”可知，第四段是为研究结果提供支持性证据。故选A项。
15．答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“This study thrws new light n child’s psychlgy.(这项研究对儿童心理学有了新的认识)”和第段中“Future experiments culd switch ut actresses in the study fr family members r teachers t better understand the rle saliva may play in hw babies and tddlers distinguish different types f relatinships.(未来的实验可能会把研究中的女演员换成家庭成员或老师，以更好地理解唾液在婴幼儿如何区分不同类型的关系中可能发挥的作用)”可推知，作者肯定这一研究的作用与前景，所以对其持赞成的态度。故选A项。
16．答案：①-⑤ECGAB
解析：①上文“New academicians take a grup pht after the certificate awarding ceremny at the Chinese Academy f Sciences. (新晋院士在中国科学院颁证仪式后合影留念。)”描述新晋院士参加颁证仪式的场景，结合常识可知，E项“The 59 newly elected academicians vwed at the ceremny n Friday. (59位新当选的院士在周五的典礼上宣誓就职。)”与上文内容相符，说明颁证仪式的时间和相关宣誓程序，下文“They aimed t make greater cntributins t the develpment f the natin’s scientific research by encuraging the yung generatin and prmting the rle f female scientists. (他们旨在是通过鼓励年轻一代和提高女科学家的作用，为国家的科学研究的发展做出更大的贡献。)”说明宣誓相关内容，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。
②根据下文“By allwing utstanding yung peple t have sufficient pprtunities, we can fster a diverse scientific cmmunity with vigrus debates (让优秀的年轻人有足够的机会，我们可以培育一个多元化的科学界，并进行激烈的辩论)”可知，黄院士强调要给年轻人机会，C项“As academicians, we need t share mre pprtunities with the yunger generatin. (作为院士，我们需要与年轻一代分享更多的机会。)”与黄院士观点一致，句中“As academicians, we...”是黄院士的自称。故选C项。
③上文“persistence is the mst valuable spirit n the path f scientific research. (坚持是科学研究道路上最宝贵的精神。)”和下文“This determinatin and perseverance are essential in scientific research. (这种决心和毅力在科学研究中是必不可少的。)”强调“坚持”、“决心”和“毅力”，G项“T achieve success in the field f science, the mst imprtant thing is t persist with riginal intentin. (要在科学领域取得成功，最重要的是坚持初心。)”中表达同样的主旨，句中“persist with riginal intentin”与上下文内容相照应。故选G项。
④上文“Academician Jin Kuijuan mentined that wmen have unique perspectives, and respecting the rle f wmen is f crucial significance. (金奎娟院士提到，女性有独特的视角，尊重女性的作用至关重要。)”提出女性科学家的重要性，A项“They are mre resilient (有适应力的), which cntributes t the develpment f science. (他们适应力更强，这有助于科学的发展。)”承接上文，说明女性科学家的优势，句中指示代词“They”指代上文中“wmen”。故选A项。
⑤下文“Fr example, she said funding institutins such as the Natinal Natural Science Fundatin and the Excellent Yung Schlars Fund have relaxed their age restrictins, taking int cnsideratin the time and energy wmen need fr childbirth and childcare. (例如，她说，国家自然科学基金和优秀青年学者基金等资助机构已经放宽了年龄限制，考虑到女性生育和照顾孩子所需的时间和精力。)”提出相关机构在政策上对女性科学家的支持，是对B项“In recent years, Jin has nticed the increasing supprt fr female scientists in China. (近年来，金注意到中国对女科学家的支持越来越多。)”的举例说明，上下文语意连贯。故选B项。
17．答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，当我从研究员图书馆走进画廊时，我看到了我的同学迪格比·多尔本的肖像，就挂在门外，和我们同时代最杰出的人在一起。A. statue雕像；B. character角色；C. prtrait肖像；D. theme主题。根据下文可知，作者看到的是同学的肖像挂在画廊墙上。故选C项。
18．答案：B
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有一天，当我从研究员图书馆走进画廊时，我看到了我的同学迪格比·多尔本的肖像，就挂在门外，和我们同时代最杰出的人在一起。A. valuable有价值的；B. distinguished杰出的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. gracius优雅的。结合常识和下文可知，伊顿学校肖像画廊挂的都是杰出的人士的肖像。故选B项。
19．答案：A
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：我完全被吸引住了，我站在那里凝视着它，我的同伴问我是否知道这是谁。A. whlly完全地；B. partly部分地；C. curiusly好奇地；D. secretly秘密地。根据下文“I std gazing n it”可知，作者完全被其吸引并驻足凝视。故选A项。
20．答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我完全被吸引住了，我站在那里凝视着它，我的同伴问我是否知道这是谁。A. peers同龄人；B. chairman主席；C. leader领导者；D. cmpanin同伴。根据下文“asked me if I knew wh it was”可知，是同行的其他同伴问作者。故选D项。
21．答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：童年时代的遥远记忆鲜活地涌上我的心头，他又站在我身边，热切地承诺着他的青春。A. judgment判断；B. thught思想；C. memries回忆，记忆；D. behaviur行为。根据下文可知，作者回想起往事，记忆涌上心头。故选C项。
22．答案：B
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：童年时代的遥远记忆鲜活地涌上我的心头，他又站在我身边，热切地承诺着他的青春。A. hurriedly匆忙地；B. freshly新鲜地；C. anxiusly焦虑地；D. eagerly渴望地。根据下文“he was standing again beside me in the eager prmise f his yuth”可知，作者对当年的格比·多尔本记忆犹新。故选B项。
23．答案：A
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个伊顿公学老校友的肖像画廊是非常挑剔的：杰出的出身或优秀的品质可能为你赢得一席之地。A. selective严格筛选的；B. splendid壮丽的；C. handsme英俊的；D. challenging具有挑战性的。根据下文“utstanding distinctin f birth r excellent qualities may win yu a place there”可知，只有具有杰出的出身或优秀的品质的人的肖像才能进入肖像画廊，所以肖像画廊是严格筛选的，非常挑剔。故选A项。
24．答案：D
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，多尔本怎么会出现在这里呢？ A. Yet然而；B. Therefre因此；C. Thus因此；D. Hwever然而。根据下文“hw came Dlben there?”可知，作者对多尔本的肖像挂在这里有疑问，上下文有转折关系。故选D项。
25．答案：A
解析：考查连词词义辨析。句意：那是因为他是个诗人；然而他的诗却不为人所知。A. because因为；B. why为什么；C. that那个；D. what什么。上文“hw came Dlben there?”提出疑问，“he was a pet”下文解释原因，用because引导表语从句，表示原因。故选A项。
26．答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们被他的家人和几个朋友小心地守护着。A. bserved观察；B. captured捕捉；C. illustrated说明；D. guarded守护。根据上文“and yet his pems were nt knwn”可知，知道多尔本的诗的人并不多，所以只有他的家人和几个为数不多的朋友守护着他的诗歌。故选D项。
27．答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，即使他的诗能够进入那些批准这个纪念的权威人士的眼睛，这也不能成为正当理由。A. perate操作；B. prmte促进；C. justify是……的正当理由；D. permit允许。根据上文可知，多尔本的诗受众很少，不能成为他的肖像被挂在肖像画廊的正当理由。故选C项。
28．答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：还有一个原因——这幅画像有自己的证明。A. appreciatin欣赏；B. reasn原因；C. cause起因，理由；D. effect效果。根据下文“the prtrait bears its wn certificatin”可知，这是另一个原因。故选B项。
29．答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然你可能不理解其中的诗人，但你可以看到沉浸在深刻思考中的灵魂，纯洁生活的习惯，奉献精神，对崇高理想的热情。A. devtin奉献；B. ambitin抱负；C. imaginatin想象力；D. symbl象征。根据句中“the sul immersed in deep thught”和“enthusiasm fr high ideals”可推知，多尔本追求崇高理想，有奉献精神。故选A项。
30．答案：C
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：这样一个人在他的同伴中一定很突出。A. brught abut导致；B. std fr代表；C. std ut突出；D. brught in引进。根据上文可推知，多尔本是一个在人群中脱颖而出的人。故选C项。
31．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的英年早逝使对他怀念价值更高，充满爱心的悲痛慷慨地给予他从未享有过的荣耀。A. interpret解释；B. grant授予，给予；C. appint任命；D. identify识别。根据“the glry”可知，给予荣耀。故选B项。
32．答案：①in②cnsists③and④a⑤T help⑥t supply⑦being reserved⑧widely⑨symblizing⑩its
解析：①考查介词。句意：中国北方的天气一转冷，你就会看到很多摊贩在卖一种美味的传统美食——冰糖葫芦，简称糖葫芦。in shrt是固定短语，意为“简称；简言之”。故填in。
②考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这种小吃起源于北京和天津，传统上是将山楂果裹上硬糖串在竹签上。cnsist f是句中谓语，意为“由……组成”，与主语This snack之间是主动关系， 描述客观实事用一般现在时态，主语是单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填cnsists。
③考查连词。句意：这种小吃起源于北京和天津，传统上是将山楂果裹上硬糖串在竹签上。cated in hard candy和skewered (串住) n a bamb stick作后置定语修饰名词词组hawthrn fruit，是两个并列的过去分词短语，用连词and连接。故填and。
④考查冠词。句意：故事从一个美丽的中国女人开始。可数名词Chinese wman在句中表示“一个中国女人”，泛指，beautiful发音以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
⑤考查非谓语动词。句意：为了提供帮助，皇帝呼吁普通百姓中的医生前来帮忙。根据句意，“help”是“the emperr issued an appeal fr dctrs frm amng the rdinary peple t cme frward t help.”的目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填T help。
⑥考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，冰糖葫芦成为中国皇室最喜欢的甜食，宫廷厨师被指派定期供应它。assign sb. t d...是固定搭配，意为“指派/派遣某人去做某事”，句中使用了其被动语态sb. be assigned t d...，意为“某人被指派某人做……”，用不定式作主语补足语。故填t supply。
⑦考查非谓语动词。句意：这种黏糊糊的美味在为最后一个皇朝的贵族保留之后，近年来在普通百姓中得到了广泛的欢迎。介词After后跟动名词作宾语，结合句意，reserve与其逻辑主语the sticky delicacy之间是被动关系，用动名词的被动式being reserved。故填being reserved。
⑧考查副词。句意：这种黏糊糊的美味在为最后一个皇朝的贵族保留之后，近年来在普通百姓中得到了广泛的欢迎。提示词修饰形容词ppular，用副词widely作状语，意为“普遍地，广泛地”。故填widely。
⑨考查非谓语动词。句意：圆形和红色的水果被视为好运，象征着团聚。分析句子可知，“(symblize) tgetherness”作伴随状语，symblize(象征)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语The rund and red fruits之间是主动关系，用现在分词表示主动和伴随。故填symblizing。
⑩考查代词。句意：随着时间的推移，人们相信这种零食会带来好运和财富，因此它在家庭庆祝活动和大餐中很受欢迎。提示词作定语，用形容词性物主代词its修饰名词ppularity。故填its。
33．答案：Dear Tm,
Learning yu are interested in Chinese nvels, I’m glad t share with yu ne f my favrites. Ordinary Wrld, written by the late Chinese authr Lu Ya, wn the Ma Dun Literature Prize in 1991.
The nvel fcuses mstly n yung peple frm their hmetwn Shanbei striving t change their lives, a theme that has resnated with Chinese ever since. Nt nly will yu learn abut everyday hardships at that time, but als yu will be uplifted by an ultimate ptimism t challenge and rise abve whatever trials we face in life. “Wrk hard and be kind, and smeday yu will be there,” says the nvel.
I strngly recmmend yu t read the bk and exchange yur ideas with me.
Yurs,
Li Hua
解析：1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad→delighted
聚焦于：fcus n→cncentrate n
努力：strive→endeavr
艰难：hardship→difficulty
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Ordinary Wrld, written by the late Chinese authr Lu Ya, wn the Ma Dun Literature Prizein1991.
拓展句：Ordinary Wrld, which was written by the late Chinese authr Lu Ya, wn the Ma Dun Literature Prize in1991.
【高分句型1】Learning yu are interested in Chinese nvels, I’m glad t share with yu ne f my favrites.(运用了现在分词作原因状语和省略that的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】Nt nly will yu learn abut everyday hardships at that time, but als yu will be uplifted by an ultimate ptimism t challenge and rise abve whatever trials we face in life.(运用了nt als句型和倒装句)
34．答案：“I particularly wanted t win this ne,” Cui said t her father. Her determinatin was palpable as she prepared fr the highly anticipated cmpetitin. The Wrld Street Skatebarding Champinships had always been her dream. She wanted t shw ff her skills and prve she was ne f the best. Every trick she did, she put her whle heart int it, pushing herself t d better. She stayed fcused and determined, even with all the pressure.
Cui made an impressive landing ff the difficult high rail. The crwd erupted int cheers as she flawlessly executed the trick, shwcasing her mastery f the sprt. With each trick, she felt mre cnfident and pumped up. She knew this was her chance t shine. She pushed herself t d her best, flying thrugh the air and ding crazy mves. And when it was all ver, Cui wn! She was s happy, knwing that she had wrked hard and never gave up. She made her dreams cme true with lts f effrt and never giving up.
解析：1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“‘我特别想赢得这场比赛。’崔对她的父亲说。”可知，第一段可描写崔想赢得这场比赛的原因和她为之付出的努力。
②由第二段首句内容“崔完成了一次令人印象深刻的高轨着陆。”可知，第二段可描写崔完美表现并赢得比赛。
2.续写线索：表明决心——说明原因——完美表现——赢得比赛
3.词汇激活
行为类
①展示：shw ff/display
②证明：prve/testify
③突然爆发：erupt int/burst int
情绪类
①专注的：fcused/single-minded
②高兴的：happy/pleased/delighted
【高分句型1】Her determinatin was palpable as she prepared fr the highly anticipated cmpetitin.(运用了as引导时间状语从句)
【高分句型2】She wanted t shw ff her skills and prve she was ne f the best.(运用了省略连词that的宾语从句)
【高分句型3】She pushed herself t d her best, flying thrugh the air and ding crazy mves.(运用了现在分词作伴随状语)