北师大版高中英语必修第一册UNIT1 Section F课时学案含答案

这是一份北师大版高中英语必修第一册UNIT1 Section F课时学案含答案，共21页。

Section F　单元语法专项(1)——动词不定式的语法作用(一) 动词不定式概述)动词不定式，是英语语法的一个重要项目。它跟动名词、现在分词、过去分词一样，同属于非谓语动词。除了不能单独作谓语外，动词不定式可用来作句子的主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语和状语。to是不定式的标志符号，但有时候不带to，有时候可以省略to。不定式无人称和数的变化，虽然不能单独作句子的谓语，但它具备了动词的基本特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语，有时态和语态的变化。不定式具有动词特征，因此有一般式、进行式、完成式等时态形式，以及主动、被动两种语态形式。它的各种形式如下表所示(以动词do为例)：1.不定式的一般式(一般体)不定式的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。但在多数情况下，不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之后。❶I am glad to meet you here again. 在这儿再次见到你我很高兴。❷He decided to buy a new car.他决定买一辆新车。2．不定式的完成式(完成体)不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，强调动作的先后顺序。❶The fire was thought to have started in an upstairs room. 火被认为是从楼上的一个房间里开始燃起的。❷I am sorry to have given you so much trouble. 对不起，给你带来这么多麻烦。3．不定式的进行式(进行体)不定式的进行式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时进行。❶He seems to be worrying about something.＝It seems that he is worrying about something.他似乎正在担心什么事。❷Don't pretend to be working hard. Just do what you should.不要假装在努力工作。做你该做的事。特别提示不定式的动作和谓语动词，发生时间比较：①一般式：It seems to rain this afternoon.一般式往往表示其动作在谓语动词之后发生。例句说明“今天下午看起来要下雨”，rain应在seem之后发生。②进行式：It seems to be raining outside.进行式往往表示不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生。例句说明“外面好像正在下雨”(指在室内发现外面有下雨的迹象)，rain和seem同时发生。③完成式：It seems to have rained last night.完成式表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。例句说明“昨晚好像下了雨”(指早晨起床后发现地面潮湿，有下雨的迹象，才做出此判断)，rain发生在seem之前。4.不定式的被动式当动词不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时，要用其被动形式。❶The students want to be sent to work in the countryside.学生们想被派往农村工作。(与主语是被动关系)❷He wanted the letter to be typed at once.他想马上把这封信打出来。(与宾语是被动关系)❸He is a man to be trusted.他是一个值得信赖的人。(与表语是被动关系)❹I'm sorry for you to have been injured in the accident.你在事故中受伤，我很难过。(与不定式逻辑主语you是被动关系)5．不定式的否定式通常情况下，不定式的否定式是在to之前加not或never。❶I've already told you not to come over.我已经告诉你别过来了。❷I promise never to forget her.我承诺永远不会忘记她。6．不定式的逻辑主语和不定式的复合结构不定式都有自己的逻辑主语，它可能是句子的主语、宾语或表语。如果都不是，则用for或of引出新的逻辑主语，即for/of sb. to do sth.。这类带有逻辑主语的不定式，称为“不定式的复合结构”。(1)逻辑主语是句子中的某个成分❶I have several emails to send today.今天我有些电子邮件要发。(to send的逻辑主语是I)❷The teacher encourages the boy student to study harder. 老师鼓励那位男学生更加努力地学习。(to study的逻辑主语是the boy student)(2)由for引出不定式的逻辑主语❶It's common for leaves to fall from the trees in autumn. 在秋季树叶从树上落下来，这是很平常的。(动词不定式作主语)❷This decision is for you to make.这个决定由你来做。(动词不定式作表语)❸There are a lot of difficulties for us to overcome.有许多困难等待我们去克服。(动词不定式作定语)❹He put the newspaper on the desk for you to read.他把报纸放在书桌上让你看。(动词不定式作目的状语)(3)由of引出不定式的逻辑主语在“It is＋adj.＋to do sth.”结构中，如果形容词是描述逻辑主语的性质、品质、特征时，用of引出逻辑主语。这时，逻辑主语与前面的形容词存在主表关系。❶It is kind of you to help us.＝You are kind to help us.你帮助我们真是太好了。❷It was silly of you to trust such a man.＝You were silly to trust such a man.你太愚蠢了，竟然相信这样一个人。❸It is selfish of him not to do anything for the orphans.＝He is selfish not to do anything for the orphans.他很自私，不愿为孤儿们做任何事。❹It's unfair of you to say such things about her.＝You are unfair to say such things about her.你这样说她太不公平了。特别提示在“It is＋adj. ＋of sb. to do sth.”结构中，常用的品质形容词有kind, nice, good, polite, impolite, rude, patient, careful, careless, wise, clever, selfish, foolish, silly, stupid, cruel, brave, crazy等。(二) 动词不定式作主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语和状语1．作主语动词不定式可起名词的作用，在句中作主语，谓语动词用单数。❶To live is to do something worthwhile.活着就是要做有价值的事情。❷To see is to believe.眼见为实。特别提示动词不定式直接作主语已经很少使用，通常是用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式)后置，尤其是当作主语的不定式结构很长的时候。❸It is important to develop the right habits．养成正确的习惯很重要。2．作宾语动词不定式可以充当部分及物动词或短语动词的宾语，也可以充当部分介词的宾语。(1)用动词不定式作宾语的及物动词很多，又以表示决心、打算、喜爱或讨厌之意的动词居多。常接不定式的及物动词有hope/wish/expect/long, agree/promise/undertake, intend/plan/want/mean/desire, arrange, manage, learn, decide/determine, attempt, pretend, choose, offer, demand, refuse, threaten, prepare, fail等。(2)it作形式宾语：当不定式作某些需要有宾语补足语的动词的宾语时，要用it作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放在补语后面。(3)作介词的宾语：这样的介词不多，常见的有but，except(除了)和besides。当这些介词前有实义动词do及其各种形式时，介词后面的动词不定式通常省略to。❶They could do nothing but wait for the doctor to come.他们只好等医生来。❷The teacher made no comments except to tell him to work hard.老师除了叫他努力学习外，什么也没说。3．作定语动词不定式作定语时，必须放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，通常与其修饰的名词或代词存在一定的逻辑关系。(1)主谓关系❶The future to greet us will be bright.我们的未来将是美好的。❷He's always the first person to leave．他总是第一个离开。(2)动宾关系❶There's no time to waste．没有时间可以浪费了。❷The teacher left us a lot of homework to do．老师留给我们许多要做的家庭作业。(3)同位关系：动词不定式对其所修饰的名词的具体内容作详细的说明或解释。这样的名词有right(权利)，reason(理由)，chance(机会)，ability，effort, need等。❶You should not miss any chance to practise your English．你不应该错过任何练习英语的机会。❷There is no need to worry about him．没必要担心他。4．作表语常用来说明主语的具体内容和表示目的。❶The next step is to make sure that you know exactly what is required.下一步是确保你确切地知道需要什么。❷The purpose of the passage is to tell the readers a true story．这篇文章的目的是告诉读者一个真实的故事。5．作状语动词不定式作状语可以表示目的、结果或原因及条件。(1)作目的状语The whole family went to the beach to spend their weekend．全家人去海滩度过他们的周末。(2)作结果状语❶The girl raised her head to find everybody was looking at her. 那个女孩抬起头，发现大家都在看着她。❷He hurried to the station, only to find the bus had left. 他匆忙赶到车站，却发现公共汽车已经开走了。动词不定式表结果常见于下列句型：①too...to...The box is too small to hold all the things．这个盒子太小，不能容纳所有的东西。②enough...to...I was lucky enough to get a ticket．我很幸运，弄到了一张票。③only to doHe lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet．他搬起石头砸了自己的脚。(3)作原因状语动词不定式常跟在一些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等情感的形容词或­ed形式的词后面，说明产生这种情绪的原因。❶We shall be happy to cooperate with you in the project.我们很乐意在这个项目上与你合作。❷All of us were shocked to hear the sad news．听到这个不幸的消息，我们所有人都很震惊。6．作宾语补足语动词不定式在“主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾补”这一结构中充当宾补，宾语通常是其逻辑主语。(1)作使役动词的宾补：get，have，make，let。❶I will get someone to carry your luggage．我会找人帮您拿行李。❷The doctor made him give up smoking. 医生让他戒烟。(2)作感官动词(词组)的宾补：(一感二听四看)feel，hear, listen to, see, watch, notice, observe。其后作宾补的不定式要省去to(表示动作的全过程)，在被动结构中，要加上to。❶I saw him take your dictionary away.我看见他把你的词典拿走了。❷They talked until they heard her uncle return home.他们一直交谈着，直到听到她叔叔回家的声音。❸He was seen to water the flowers.有人看见他浇了花。(3)作建议、命令类动词的宾补：advise, encourage, persuade, warn, allow, permit, order, command, request, want, beg等。We don't allow such things to happen again．我们不允许此类事情再次发生。[即学即练]Ⅰ.用所给动词的正确形式完成句子(A)1．It is convenient to use search engines ________ (find) various kinds of information.2．From time to time, I invite my friends ________ (surf) the Internet and chat online.3．If you do the same thing over and over again, you will tend ________ (become) an addict.4．We often post information on social media with the aim of ________ (look) for volunteers. 5．Once someone becomes a computer game addict, it's hard ________ (drag) himself out of it. 6．She would like ________ (make) a wide range of friends through social media.7．Actually, she doesn't hope ________ (meet) her online friends in person. 8．The teaching quality of this senior secondary school is believed ________ (be) definitely high.(B)1．________ (be) frank, I don't entirely agree with you.2．The newspaper editor suggested that we organise a trip ________ (reduce) our work stress. 3．Tom has served in the military for many years and is supposed ________ (have) a very high position. 4．In other words, mobile phones have been improved ________ (have) multiple functions.5．According to the previous schedule, the head teacher was ________ (give) a speech on the campus. 6．Although my job is stressful and challenging, my determination ________ (keep) going will not change.7．The natives expressed their expectation of ________ (have) a positive lifestyle. 8．According to a study, the Internet is sure ________ (have) a negative effect on teens.(C)1．When you face any challenge, you ought ________ (keep) this saying in mind and go ahead.2．I'd like to go and relax in a café downtown ________ (reduce) my tension and stress.3．In modern society, most people are said ________ (suffer) from the stress of work, study and life.4．The girl was not able ________ (remove) entirely her tension due to fear.5．My six­year­old daughter is a digital native and she asks me ________ (buy) a new laptop for her.6．She wanted me ________ (buy) computer hardware and some necessities on the Internet.7．________ (achieve) the learning goal, we should revise our lessons and update our knowledge from time to time.8．He tried his best ________ (aim) his gun at the target in the distance, but missed it.(D)1．All in all, the previous problems have been solved, but new ones are about ________ (arise).2．Many students are willing ________ (live) in the campus apartments.3．Sophia made up her mind ________ (make) a contribution to charity all the time.4．I feel so confident as to ________ (deal) with all kinds of tough problems independently. 5．The meeting ________ (hold) next week will be of great importance, whether it is formal or informal.6．At the moment, we are looking forward to ________ (meet) the movie star.7．He is expected ________ (get) a lawyer's certificate after graduating from college.8．John was eager ________ (apply) for the tough job.Ⅱ.根据上下文句意，在括号内选出正确的动词形式填空(A)1．He is thought ________ foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. (to act; to have acted)2．There are still many problems ________ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. (solved; to be solved)3．It is careless ________ the same mistake again in your composition. (for you to make; of you to make)4．—Why not ________ someone ________ your letter？(to get/to type; get/to type)—No one can find a typewriter around here.5．The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy ________ anything that happened to be on. (watching; to watch)6．Birds' singing is sometimes a warning for other birds ________ away. (staying; to stay)7．Paul doesn't have to be made ________. He always works hard. (learn; to learn)8．The telephone is generally considered to ________ by Alexander Bell. (be invented; have been invented)9．We've had a good start, but next more work needs ________ to achieve the final success. (be done; to be done)10．This machine is very easy ________. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. (to be operated; to operate)(B)1．Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only ________ it didn't fit. (to find; finding)2．—I hope to take the computer course.—Good idea. ________ more about it, visit this website. (Find out; To find out)3．The students are looking forward to having an opportunity ________ society for real­life experience. (exploring; to explore)4．The engine just won't start. Something seems ________ wrong with it.(to go; to have gone)5．Every minute should be made full use of ________ our lessons well. (to study; studying)6．Emily stopped her car ________ a black cat ________ across the street. (let/to run; to let/run)7．The airport ________ next year will help promote tourism in this area. (completed; to be completed)8．We're having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ________ at the meeting will influence the future of our company. (to be made; made)9．We must do what we can ________ those who are in trouble. (help; to help)10．I think these problems are easy ________， so you don't have to ask the teacher for help. (to work out; to be worked out)单元语法专项(2)——以­ing和­ed结尾的形容词用法(一) 分词形容词概述英语中，有一些动词的现在分词和过去分词可以转化为形容词使用，在句中主要用作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。其中有一类为表示人的心理或情绪变化的“使令性动词”，由此演变而来的现在分词和过去分词，已经成为形容词，我们称之为“分词形容词”。它们属于同一个词源：现在分词表示事物本身的性质以及给人的感受，意为“令人怎样”；过去分词表示人的心理和情绪产生的变化，是被动的感觉，意为“感到怎样”。一般都认为，以­ed结尾的分词形容词修饰人，以­ing结尾的分词形容词修饰事物。其区别主要在于：1．以­ing结尾的形容词，常用来描述人或事物本身具有的特征，即人或事物具有能够令人产生某种情绪的作用或能力。This is a disappointing result.这是一个令人失望的结果。2．以­ed结尾的形容词，常用来描述人对某事物做出的反应，即由此产生的一种被动的心理变化或情绪，其主语通常是人。He wasn't surprised when he heard the news.他听到这个消息时并没有感到吃惊。3．同源情绪动词、现在分词和过去分词，用法对比如下：The news excited all of us. That is to say, the news was exciting, and we were all excited at the news.这消息使我们大家都很兴奋。也就是说，这个消息是令人兴奋的，我们都对这个消息感到兴奋。(二) 分词形容词的句法功能主要分为以下四类：1．作定语(形容词修饰名词或名词短语)❶The teen had a frightened look on his face. 少年脸上露出了害怕的表情。(指带有这种“表情”的人自己感到害怕)❷The native had a frightening look on his face.当地人脸上露出了令人害怕的表情。(指这种“表情”使他人感到害怕)2．作表语(系动词＋形容词)❶Many people got touched by the story of the voluntary work. 很多人被志愿工作的故事触动。❷The story on the social medial is very touching.社交媒体上的故事很是触动人心。3．作补语(主语补足语或宾语补足语：说明主语或宾语的性质、状态或特征；句型：make/find sb./sth.＋adj.)❶The chat between them made me astonished.他们之间的谈话使我吃惊。❷The digital technology was found satisfying during last period.在上一阶段，人们发现数字技术令人满意。4．作状语(说明主语的情况，多表示伴随、原因等)❶Tired and hungry, he dragged himself to his home.他又累又饿，拖着沉重的步子回到了家。❷Surprised and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the laptop.托尼又惊又喜地站起来收下了笔记本电脑。❸Disappointing and worrying, the hardware being used by us is of no use.令人失望和担忧的是，我们正在使用的硬件毫无用处。(三) 常见的以­ing和­ed结尾的形容词对比：amazing 令人吃惊的 amazed 感到吃惊的boring 令人厌烦的 bored 感到无聊的embarrassing 令人难堪的 embarrassed 感到尴尬的disappointing 令人失望的disappointed 感到失望的encouraging 令人鼓舞的encouraged 感到鼓舞的exciting 令人激动的excited 感到激动的delighting 令人高兴的delighted 感到高兴的pleasing 令人愉快的pleased 感到愉快的puzzling 令人费解的puzzled 感到费解的satisfying 令人满意的satisfied 感到满意的surprising 令人惊讶的surprised 感到惊讶的worrying 令人担心的 worried 感到担心的moving 令人感动的moved 感动的(四) ­ing和­ed形式构成的复合形容词：long­lived 长寿的 newly­married 新婚的easy­going 随和的 one­eyed 一只眼的cold­hearted 无情的 peace­loving 爱好和平的nice­smelling 香气扑鼻的 ice­covered 冰雪覆盖的badly­paid 低工资的 clear­cut 轮廓清晰的；明确的ever­lasting 永恒的well­written 写得好的warm­hearted 热心肠的 absent­minded 心不在焉的open­minded 思想开明的 good­tempered 脾气好的middle­aged 中年的five­storeyed 五层的far­reaching (影响)深远的fine­looking 美貌的long­standing 悠久的forward­looking 有远见的ordinary­looking 相貌平平的man­made 人造的grass­covered 被草覆盖的 snow­covered 被雪覆盖的well­received 受欢迎的well­known 著名的(五) 过去分词作表语和被动语态的区别有些行为动词变成过去分词后，由动作变成了状态，成为形容词。例如：broken(被打破后的结果)，written(写完后的情况)。如何区别过去分词作表语表示状态，还是被动语态？特征比较：❶The vase is broken. It isn't worth so much money.花瓶碎了。它不值这么多钱。(系表结构)❷The vase was broken by my little brother yesterday.花瓶昨天被我小弟弟打碎了。(被动语态)❸The article is written in simple English.这篇文章是用简单的英语写的。(系表结构)❹The article was written in 1990.这篇文章是1990年写的。(被动语态)通过比较发现，“系表结构”表状态，多用一般现在时，不用by sb.；“被动语态”表示动作，常与过去时、过去时间连用，可以加by sb.。以下都是常见的分词形容词：a written report　　一份书面报告a retired teacher 一位退休教师a returned overseas Chinese 一位归国华侨a developed country 一个发达国家faded jeans 褪色的牛仔裤 departed friends 离去的朋友used books 用过的书 cooked food 熟食boiled water 开水furnished rooms 有家具的房间fallen leaves 落叶❺He is an experienced teacher.他是个有经验的教师。❻This is an organised trip.这是一次有组织的旅行。❼Some villagers died from polluted water.有些村民死于被污染的水。❽She has a broken heart.她有一颗破碎的心。疑难思考　a frightened look还是a frightening look?(1)一般都认为，以­ed结尾的分词形容词修饰人，以­ing结尾的分词形容词修饰事物。例如：❶Tom is puzzled with the puzzling question.汤姆对这个令人费解的问题感到困惑。❷All of us are surprised at the surprising result.我们都对这个令人惊讶的结果感到惊讶。❸She was discouraged with the discouraging answer.这个令人沮丧的回答使她气馁。❹The boy looked frightened at the frightening dog.男孩看着那只吓人的狗，显得很害怕。❺The girl was moved by the moving film.那女孩被那部动人的电影感动了。(2)实际上，“以­ed结尾的分词形容词修饰人，以­ing结尾的分词形容词修饰事物”，这个说法是不全面、不准确的。这只是一种表象，不是问题的实质。请看下面的句子：❶You always look frightening when you wake up.你醒来时总是露出令人害怕的样子。❷You always look frightened when you wake up.你醒来时总是露出感到恐惧的样子。❸The little boy is very interesting.这个小男孩很有趣。❹The little boy is very interested in the toy.这个小男孩对这个玩具很感兴趣。主语同样是人，为何出现上述两种情况？问题的关键在哪里呢？本书认为，问题的关键在于分词形容词的性质：“现在分词形容词表主动，过去分词形容词表被动”。所以，过去分词形容词或现在分词形容词都可以修饰人。(3)有的语法书和教辅书特别指出：像look(表情)，expression (表情)，voice(声音)，smile(微笑)等词，一般用过去分词修饰，如：a frightened look, an astonished expression, a satisfied smile，an excited voice。事实果真如此吗？请看例句：❶You look frightening, since you have a frightening look.你看起来令人恐惧，因为你有一个令人恐惧的表情。❷You look frightened, so you have a frightened look.你看起来感到恐惧，所以你面带惧色。又如：a satisfied smile(感到)满意的微笑(这种微笑是在人感到满意后表现出来的微笑)a satisfying smile(让人)满意的微笑(这种微笑是让人满意的微笑。意味着笑得真诚自然，不做作)an astonished expression(感到)惊讶的表情(这种表情是在人感到吃惊后显现出来的表情)an astonishing expression(令人)惊讶的表情(这种表情是让人吃惊的表情。意味着这个表情有些可怕，使人惊讶)an excited voice(感到)兴奋的声音(这是人在兴奋时，说话带出来的声音)an exciting voice(令人)兴奋的声音(意味着说话的人声音很有号召力，令人鼓舞，令人兴奋)特别提示人的表情、声音或微笑，是通过人的情绪表现出来的，分两种情况。由于现在分词形容词表主动，过去分词形容词表被动，所以，反映在同一个人或事物身上，可以有两种不同的情况或结果。要从根本上理解这个问题，不要死记硬背某些条条框框。一般都认为“Tigers are terrifying.”是指老虎很可怕，令人恐惧。但是，它们自己也有害怕的时候。大家一定熟悉唐代文学家柳宗元的一篇寓言小品《黔之驴》。其中有一句是，“驴一鸣，虎大骇。”翻译成英语是“When the donkey brays, the tiger is terrified.”。这里，老虎不再是令人恐惧，而是自己感到恐惧了。这就是语言背后的逻辑。[即学即练]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Honestly, teaching is really a ________ (challenge) job to some extent. 2．Meeting with such an ________ situation in his position really made the expert ________. (embarrass)3．Nowadays young persons' lifestyle is so ________ that many people are ________ about them. (worry)4．The professor was ________ with the ________ competence his students showed in the World Computer Competition. (satisfy)5．That he turned out to be a drug addict really made me ________ (surprise).6．To be frank, the power supply being cut off last night was actually ________ (puzzle).7．The teens are all ________ in the ________ Web novel on the Internet. (interest) 8．The confidence he showed in fighting with the disease was so ________ that his fellow students were deeply ________. (move)9．Many students think it ________ (bore) to revise what they have learnt. 10．The girl felt really ________ (encourage) by what the interviewer said when she applied for a job.11．Seeing her recover from the great pressure, we were all ________ (delight).12．The ________ (frighten) flood made many people suffered. 13．I'm ________ (worry) that my son may not handle the situation when following his goal. 14．His family were all ________ (delight) because he could recover from the accident.15．He suffers from lung cancer, which makes his family all ________ (stress).Ⅱ.比较练习：用表示情绪变化的分词形容词填空，“令人怎样”还是“感到怎样”？(A)1．The cartoon was ________ and Victor was very ________ in it.(interest)2．William became ________ with his ________ job.(bore)3．The tiger looked ________， but Lily wasn't ________.(frighten)4．Charles wasn't ________ though the story you had told was ________．(amuse)5．The noise is very ________. Peter has become ________．(annoy)6．Nancy was ________ by his ________ question.(puzzle)7．Your explanation is ________. Mark has got ________.(confuse)8．Alice felt ________ because there was an ________silence. (embarrass)9．Richard felt ________ with their ________ service at the hotel. ( satisfy)10．The movie was ________. Rose was greatly ________.(move)11．Sophia wasn't ________ though her answer was ________. (discourage)12．Jenny is ________ at the ________ news.(surprise)(B)1．The scene was quite ________. Catherine got ________．(amaze)2．The result of the examination was ________， so Judy became ________. (disappoint)3．The great man's death was ________. Henry became ________ at it. (astonish)4．Karen felt ________ at the ________ party last night. (excite)5．Julia became ________ of the ________ lecture by the professor. (tire)6．David was ________ by the ________ buildings in the old city. (fascinate)7．Nina was ________ because there had been several ________ phone calls. (disturb)8．Andrew felt ________ when he saw the ________ battle in the film. (terrify)9．The train's delay was ________. Bill felt ________．(frustrate)10．Helen is ________ because she has made ________ progress in her study. (please)11．Anne was ________ by my ________ words.(encourage)12．Samuel felt ________ when he heard her ______ words.(upset)Ⅲ.完成句子1．我的笔记本电脑被修好了，这让我觉得很兴奋。That my laptop was repaired really ____________________．2．我和我姐姐听到这个有趣的故事后突然大笑起来。I as well as my sister burst into laughter after ____________________．3．这个编辑充满活力的个性让我感到很愉快。The editor's dynamic personality ____________________________．4．这位专家对于如何保持健康的生活方式给出了一些专业建议，这让人倍感鼓舞。The expert gave some professional advice on how to keep a healthy lifestyle, __________________________________．5．一些旅游胜地的当地人对游客的不良行为感到很惊讶。The natives in some places of interest ____________________ by the bad behaviour of the tourists. 时态形式主动式被动式一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done进行式to be doing否定形式在不定式符号to前加not