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牛津译林版（江苏地区）8B U8知识点整理
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这是一份牛津译林版（江苏地区）8B U8知识点整理，共11页。
8B Unit8 A green world单元知识点汇总Comic strip & Welcome to the unit1.Will more trees be planted this year? 今年将要植更多树吗？will…be planted为一般将来时的被动语态。一般将来时的被动语态由“be going to/will＋be＋过去分词”构成。The books will be bought next week. 书将在下周买。在this，that，last，next及every等构成的表示时间的短语前一般不加介词in/on。I am going to play football this afternoon.我打算在今天下午踢足球。that day前可以加on。I didn't see him (on) that day.那天我没有看到他。2. Trees are good for us．树对我们有益。be good for意为“对……有益”；be good at意为“擅长”。Taking exercise is good for health.运动对健康有益。be weak in 在某方面薄弱/不擅长do well in = be good at擅长do harm to = be harmful to多某某有害3. More and more families own cars and this causes serious air pollution.越来越多的家庭拥有轿车，这引起了严重的空气污染。more and more families意为“越来越多的家庭”，more and more意为“越来越多”，既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词。More and more water is coming out. 越来越多的水流了出来。表示“越来越少”时用fewer and fewer修饰可数名词，用less and less修饰不可数名词。Fewer and fewer people like this book. 越来越少的人喜欢这本书。There is less and less air pollution here. 这儿的空气污染越来越少。own的用法解析1. 作为名词，构成短语“of one’s own，属于某人自己的”，“on one’s own，独自”2. 作为形容词，“自己的，特有的”，如：She makes all her own clothes.3. 作为动词，“拥有，承认”，如：He owns a four-room flat. Reading1.a country with high mountains and clean blue lakes有高山和蔚蓝湖面的国家with…在这里是介词短语做后置定语，意为“拥有”China is a country with a long history. 中国是一个拥有悠久历史的国家。without 意为“没有”，介词，其后接名词和动名词go to school without breakfast2. It’s beautiful, and we should try to keep it that way. 它（瑞士）很美，而且我们应该尽力让它一直保持那样。that way意为“这样；那样；那边”。way可以和this、that等连用。Why does he act this way? 他为什么这样做？That way, she will be alone when she finds the letter. 那样一来，她发现信时，就只有她一人在场。3. In Switzerland, things like glass, plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled.在瑞士，像玻璃、塑料和纸被分成不同的小组，然后回收利用。separate … into … 把…...分开，隔开be separated into … 被…... 分开，隔开4. Even old clothes and shoes can be recycled．即使旧衣服和旧鞋子也能被回收。even副词，意为“即使，纵然；再者，加之；此外，而且；（表示进一层的意思）甚至（……也），连”。Even he is old，he works hard.即使他老了，他仍努力工作。even 与much和far 一样，其后接形容词副词的比较级5. Some of the clothes are sold in charity shops, some are given to the poor, and others are sent to factories for recycling.some…, some…, and others…. 表示“一些…, 一些…, 还有一些”。6. We are not allowed to cut down trees. 我们是不允许砍伐树木的。 (1)allow作“允许”或“许可”讲，常用动词不定式短语作宾语补足语。allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事(2) allow作“许可，允许”讲，只可搭配动名词短语作宾语，不可直接用动词不定式作宾补，即只可说allow doing sth．不可说allow to do sth.。They allowed smoking in this room only.他们只允许在这间屋子里抽烟。(3) allow还常与out，in，up等副词搭配使用，即allow sb. in/out/up等。She is not allowed out after dark.天黑后，不准她出去。cut down意为“削减；砍倒；杀死；删减”。There are fewer and fewer trees here. You can't cut them down. 这儿的树越来越少。你不能砍它们。cut in on sb. 插嘴，打断别人 cut out 剪出，戒掉 cut short 缩短7. If we drop litter in a public place, we will be fined by the police.如果在公共场合扔垃圾，我们将受到警方的惩罚。fine在此用作动词，意为“惩罚”。It is said that he will b fined by the police. 据说他将受警方罚款。8. We depend on its rich resources to live, so it is important for us to protect it wisely.我们依靠它富足的资源来生存，因此我们明智地保护它是很重要的。depend on意为“依靠，依赖”。What does the homeless girl depend on? 那无家可归的女孩依靠什么生活？It depends. 依情况而定，看情况。wisely意为“明智地；聪明地；精明地”。Even you have enough pocket money, you should spend it wisely. 即使你有足够的零花钱，你也应该明智地花费。9. These new types of energy cost very little and will never run out. 这些新类型的能源成本很小，永远不会耗尽。take，spend，cost和pay都可以表示“花费”，但用法却不尽相同。(1) spend的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：①spend time/money on sth.在……上花费时间（金钱）②spend time/money (in) doing sth.花费时间（金钱）做某事(2) cost的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见用法如下：①sth. costs (sb.)＋金钱某物花了（某人）多少钱A new computer costs a lot of money.买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。②(doing) sth. costs (sb.)＋时间某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost(3) take后面常跟双宾语，常见用法有以下几种：①It takes sb.＋时间＋to do sth.做某事花了某人多少时间It took them three years to build this road.他们用了三年时间修完亍这条路。②doing sth. takes sb.＋时间做某事花了某人多少时间Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.他花了一下午修车。(4) pay的基本用法是：①pay (sb.)money for sth.付钱（给某人）买…．I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.我每个月要向他们付20英镑的房租。②pay for sth.付……的钱I have to pay for the book lost.我不得不赔丢失的书款。③pay for sb.替某人付钱Don't worry! I'll pay for you.别担心！我会给你付钱的run out和run out of这两个短语都有“用完”的意思，但用法不同。run out作不及物短语，表示“被用完；被耗尽；（人）把东西用完（或花光）”，其主语通常是时间、金钱、食物等无生命名词，而run out of则是及物短语，表示主动，其主语通常为人。My money is running out.我的钱快用完了。10. Remember that everyone can do something to make a difference！记住每个人都可以做点（对保护环境）有益的事！make a / no/ some/ much difference to …意思是“对…...有/没有/有些/有很大作用、关系、影响”。The rain did not make much difference to the game. 这场雨对比赛没有多大影响。 Grammar1.As well as people，animals will be harmed by pollution.和人一样，动物也将被污染伤害。as well与as well as只有一词之差，但意义和用法却相差甚远。(1) as well的用法：as well常用作状语，作“又；也”解，相当于too或also，常位于句末，无需用逗号与句子分开。I am going to London and my sister is going as well.我要到伦敦去．我妹妹也要去。(2) as well as的用法①as well as常用来连接两个并列的成分，表示“也，还”。它强调的是前一项，后一项只是顺便提及。因此连接并列主语时，谓语动词与前一项一致；而用not only…but also…连接时，谓语动词与后一项一致。Your wife as well as you is friendly to me.=Not only you but also your wife is friendly to me.不仅你而且你的妻子也对我很友好。②as well as用来表示同级比较，指“一样好”。如：You look as well as you did ten years ago.你的身体看起来还和十年前一样好。He plays the guitar as well as you.他的吉他弹得和你一样好。 (1)如果as well as是连接两个不定式，则其后用不带to的不定式。博物馆不仅要具有娱乐性而且还要具有教育性。We cannot expect her to do the homework as well as look after the children.(2)当as well as用于句首时，其后习惯上要接动名词。As well as walking, he likes fishing and shooting.他除散步之外还喜欢钓鱼和打猎。 Integrated skills & Study Skills1.Air pollution is harmful to our health. 空气污染对我们的健康有害。be harmful to意为“对……有害”，相当于do harm to。Staying up too late is harmful to your health.=Staying up too late does harm to your health. 熬夜对你的健康有害。2. As a result, it is very important for us to use them wisely. 因此，重要的是，我们要合理利用它们。as a result意为“结果；因此”。He didn't work hard. As a result, he failed in the exam. 他学习不努力，结果考试不及格。3.Coal, oil and natural gas are not only useful for families, but have a wider use for factories.煤、原油和天然气不仅对家庭有用，而且在工厂的使用更为广泛。 (1) not only…but (also)…在连接主语时，谓语和but (also)后面的主语保持一致。Not only he but also I am a Party member.不但他而且我也是一名党员。(2) not only放在句首表示强调时，该句要采用倒装结构。Not only can she sing, but she can dance as well.4. We should try to produce less waste, reuse or recycle things if possible.如果可能的话，我们应该尽量少浪费、重新使用或回收东西。if possible可以说成if it is possible，但不能说if is possible。Come to school earlier if possible.如果可能的话，早点到校。 Task & Self-assessment1. In order to save power, we should turn off the lights when we leave a room.为了节约能源，当我们离开房间时我们应该关掉灯。in order to和so as to的汉语意思是一样的，意为“为的是，为了”。它们的英语功能也是一样的，都可以用来引导目的状语。它们的不同之处就在于so as to不能用于句子的开头，在句子开头只能用in order to。In order to see his father, he walked a long way.=He walked a long way in order to see his father.=He walked a long way to see his father.=He walked a long way so as to see his father:、为了见到他的父亲，他走了很长一段路。2. Instead, we should take our own bags when shopping. 相反，购物时我们应该带我们自己的袋子。 (1) instead意为“代替，替代”，作副词，常位于句尾。如位于句首时常用逗号与后面隔开。Lily isn't here. Ask Lucy instead. 莉莉不在这儿。去问露西吧。(2)instead of是介宾短语，其意与instead相同，不同之处在于它后面常接宾语，且宾语多由名词、代词和动词-ing充当。We'll ask Li Mei instead of Mary. 我们将去问李梅而不问玛丽。I'll go instead of her. 我会替她去。(3) instead与instead of的转换。He didn't answer me, instead, he asked me another question.=He asked me another question instead of answering me.他没有回答我，反而问了我另外一个问题。3. Follow these small steps, and you can make a big difference to the Earth! 遵循这些小步骤，你会对地球有很大影响！follow及物动词，意为“跟随，跟着……去（或来）；跟在……后面；顺……走，遵循；以……为榜样”等。He followed her up the stairs. 他跟随着她上楼去了。following 形容词“接下来的，下面的”如：the following questions 下面的问题4. Here are some simple steps to take.take some steps 采取一些措施
8B Unit8 A green world单元知识点汇总Comic strip & Welcome to the unit1.Will more trees be planted this year? 今年将要植更多树吗？will…be planted为一般将来时的被动语态。一般将来时的被动语态由“be going to/will＋be＋过去分词”构成。The books will be bought next week. 书将在下周买。在this，that，last，next及every等构成的表示时间的短语前一般不加介词in/on。I am going to play football this afternoon.我打算在今天下午踢足球。that day前可以加on。I didn't see him (on) that day.那天我没有看到他。2. Trees are good for us．树对我们有益。be good for意为“对……有益”；be good at意为“擅长”。Taking exercise is good for health.运动对健康有益。be weak in 在某方面薄弱/不擅长do well in = be good at擅长do harm to = be harmful to多某某有害3. More and more families own cars and this causes serious air pollution.越来越多的家庭拥有轿车，这引起了严重的空气污染。more and more families意为“越来越多的家庭”，more and more意为“越来越多”，既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词。More and more water is coming out. 越来越多的水流了出来。表示“越来越少”时用fewer and fewer修饰可数名词，用less and less修饰不可数名词。Fewer and fewer people like this book. 越来越少的人喜欢这本书。There is less and less air pollution here. 这儿的空气污染越来越少。own的用法解析1. 作为名词，构成短语“of one’s own，属于某人自己的”，“on one’s own，独自”2. 作为形容词，“自己的，特有的”，如：She makes all her own clothes.3. 作为动词，“拥有，承认”，如：He owns a four-room flat. Reading1.a country with high mountains and clean blue lakes有高山和蔚蓝湖面的国家with…在这里是介词短语做后置定语，意为“拥有”China is a country with a long history. 中国是一个拥有悠久历史的国家。without 意为“没有”，介词，其后接名词和动名词go to school without breakfast2. It’s beautiful, and we should try to keep it that way. 它（瑞士）很美，而且我们应该尽力让它一直保持那样。that way意为“这样；那样；那边”。way可以和this、that等连用。Why does he act this way? 他为什么这样做？That way, she will be alone when she finds the letter. 那样一来，她发现信时，就只有她一人在场。3. In Switzerland, things like glass, plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled.在瑞士，像玻璃、塑料和纸被分成不同的小组，然后回收利用。separate … into … 把…...分开，隔开be separated into … 被…... 分开，隔开4. Even old clothes and shoes can be recycled．即使旧衣服和旧鞋子也能被回收。even副词，意为“即使，纵然；再者，加之；此外，而且；（表示进一层的意思）甚至（……也），连”。Even he is old，he works hard.即使他老了，他仍努力工作。even 与much和far 一样，其后接形容词副词的比较级5. Some of the clothes are sold in charity shops, some are given to the poor, and others are sent to factories for recycling.some…, some…, and others…. 表示“一些…, 一些…, 还有一些”。6. We are not allowed to cut down trees. 我们是不允许砍伐树木的。 (1)allow作“允许”或“许可”讲，常用动词不定式短语作宾语补足语。allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事(2) allow作“许可，允许”讲，只可搭配动名词短语作宾语，不可直接用动词不定式作宾补，即只可说allow doing sth．不可说allow to do sth.。They allowed smoking in this room only.他们只允许在这间屋子里抽烟。(3) allow还常与out，in，up等副词搭配使用，即allow sb. in/out/up等。She is not allowed out after dark.天黑后，不准她出去。cut down意为“削减；砍倒；杀死；删减”。There are fewer and fewer trees here. You can't cut them down. 这儿的树越来越少。你不能砍它们。cut in on sb. 插嘴，打断别人 cut out 剪出，戒掉 cut short 缩短7. If we drop litter in a public place, we will be fined by the police.如果在公共场合扔垃圾，我们将受到警方的惩罚。fine在此用作动词，意为“惩罚”。It is said that he will b fined by the police. 据说他将受警方罚款。8. We depend on its rich resources to live, so it is important for us to protect it wisely.我们依靠它富足的资源来生存，因此我们明智地保护它是很重要的。depend on意为“依靠，依赖”。What does the homeless girl depend on? 那无家可归的女孩依靠什么生活？It depends. 依情况而定，看情况。wisely意为“明智地；聪明地；精明地”。Even you have enough pocket money, you should spend it wisely. 即使你有足够的零花钱，你也应该明智地花费。9. These new types of energy cost very little and will never run out. 这些新类型的能源成本很小，永远不会耗尽。take，spend，cost和pay都可以表示“花费”，但用法却不尽相同。(1) spend的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：①spend time/money on sth.在……上花费时间（金钱）②spend time/money (in) doing sth.花费时间（金钱）做某事(2) cost的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见用法如下：①sth. costs (sb.)＋金钱某物花了（某人）多少钱A new computer costs a lot of money.买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。②(doing) sth. costs (sb.)＋时间某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost(3) take后面常跟双宾语，常见用法有以下几种：①It takes sb.＋时间＋to do sth.做某事花了某人多少时间It took them three years to build this road.他们用了三年时间修完亍这条路。②doing sth. takes sb.＋时间做某事花了某人多少时间Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.他花了一下午修车。(4) pay的基本用法是：①pay (sb.)money for sth.付钱（给某人）买…．I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.我每个月要向他们付20英镑的房租。②pay for sth.付……的钱I have to pay for the book lost.我不得不赔丢失的书款。③pay for sb.替某人付钱Don't worry! I'll pay for you.别担心！我会给你付钱的run out和run out of这两个短语都有“用完”的意思，但用法不同。run out作不及物短语，表示“被用完；被耗尽；（人）把东西用完（或花光）”，其主语通常是时间、金钱、食物等无生命名词，而run out of则是及物短语，表示主动，其主语通常为人。My money is running out.我的钱快用完了。10. Remember that everyone can do something to make a difference！记住每个人都可以做点（对保护环境）有益的事！make a / no/ some/ much difference to …意思是“对…...有/没有/有些/有很大作用、关系、影响”。The rain did not make much difference to the game. 这场雨对比赛没有多大影响。 Grammar1.As well as people，animals will be harmed by pollution.和人一样，动物也将被污染伤害。as well与as well as只有一词之差，但意义和用法却相差甚远。(1) as well的用法：as well常用作状语，作“又；也”解，相当于too或also，常位于句末，无需用逗号与句子分开。I am going to London and my sister is going as well.我要到伦敦去．我妹妹也要去。(2) as well as的用法①as well as常用来连接两个并列的成分，表示“也，还”。它强调的是前一项，后一项只是顺便提及。因此连接并列主语时，谓语动词与前一项一致；而用not only…but also…连接时，谓语动词与后一项一致。Your wife as well as you is friendly to me.=Not only you but also your wife is friendly to me.不仅你而且你的妻子也对我很友好。②as well as用来表示同级比较，指“一样好”。如：You look as well as you did ten years ago.你的身体看起来还和十年前一样好。He plays the guitar as well as you.他的吉他弹得和你一样好。 (1)如果as well as是连接两个不定式，则其后用不带to的不定式。博物馆不仅要具有娱乐性而且还要具有教育性。We cannot expect her to do the homework as well as look after the children.(2)当as well as用于句首时，其后习惯上要接动名词。As well as walking, he likes fishing and shooting.他除散步之外还喜欢钓鱼和打猎。 Integrated skills & Study Skills1.Air pollution is harmful to our health. 空气污染对我们的健康有害。be harmful to意为“对……有害”，相当于do harm to。Staying up too late is harmful to your health.=Staying up too late does harm to your health. 熬夜对你的健康有害。2. As a result, it is very important for us to use them wisely. 因此，重要的是，我们要合理利用它们。as a result意为“结果；因此”。He didn't work hard. As a result, he failed in the exam. 他学习不努力，结果考试不及格。3.Coal, oil and natural gas are not only useful for families, but have a wider use for factories.煤、原油和天然气不仅对家庭有用，而且在工厂的使用更为广泛。 (1) not only…but (also)…在连接主语时，谓语和but (also)后面的主语保持一致。Not only he but also I am a Party member.不但他而且我也是一名党员。(2) not only放在句首表示强调时，该句要采用倒装结构。Not only can she sing, but she can dance as well.4. We should try to produce less waste, reuse or recycle things if possible.如果可能的话，我们应该尽量少浪费、重新使用或回收东西。if possible可以说成if it is possible，但不能说if is possible。Come to school earlier if possible.如果可能的话，早点到校。 Task & Self-assessment1. In order to save power, we should turn off the lights when we leave a room.为了节约能源，当我们离开房间时我们应该关掉灯。in order to和so as to的汉语意思是一样的，意为“为的是，为了”。它们的英语功能也是一样的，都可以用来引导目的状语。它们的不同之处就在于so as to不能用于句子的开头，在句子开头只能用in order to。In order to see his father, he walked a long way.=He walked a long way in order to see his father.=He walked a long way to see his father.=He walked a long way so as to see his father:、为了见到他的父亲，他走了很长一段路。2. Instead, we should take our own bags when shopping. 相反，购物时我们应该带我们自己的袋子。 (1) instead意为“代替，替代”，作副词，常位于句尾。如位于句首时常用逗号与后面隔开。Lily isn't here. Ask Lucy instead. 莉莉不在这儿。去问露西吧。(2)instead of是介宾短语，其意与instead相同，不同之处在于它后面常接宾语，且宾语多由名词、代词和动词-ing充当。We'll ask Li Mei instead of Mary. 我们将去问李梅而不问玛丽。I'll go instead of her. 我会替她去。(3) instead与instead of的转换。He didn't answer me, instead, he asked me another question.=He asked me another question instead of answering me.他没有回答我，反而问了我另外一个问题。3. Follow these small steps, and you can make a big difference to the Earth! 遵循这些小步骤，你会对地球有很大影响！follow及物动词，意为“跟随，跟着……去（或来）；跟在……后面；顺……走，遵循；以……为榜样”等。He followed her up the stairs. 他跟随着她上楼去了。following 形容词“接下来的，下面的”如：the following questions 下面的问题4. Here are some simple steps to take.take some steps 采取一些措施
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