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牛津译林版（江苏地区）8B U1知识点整理
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这是一份牛津译林版（江苏地区）8B U1知识点整理，共13页。
8B Unit1 Past and present单元知识点汇总一、同步知识梳理知识点1：past and present(P6)（1）pastn. 过去，以前；in the past 在过去adj. 过去的，以前的；in the past few years 在过去的几年里prep. 经过 walk past the post office走过邮局例句:In the past, there was no underground in Nanjing. Let’s not make the past mistakes. When I walk past the post office, I see a bird flying over the tree.（2）presentadj.现在的; 目前的; 出席的n.现在; 礼物; at present 现在 ；a present for you=a gift for you给你的礼物vt.介绍; 出现; 提出; 赠送;例句:Everyone can be presented a present at present. 知识点2：You’ve changed, Eddie. You used to share food with me.(P6) 你变了。你以前跟我分享食物的。（1）change:vt./vi. 改变，变更; change into变成 n.变化，改变; change(s) to ...的变化例句:Great changes to Nanjing have taken place.（2）use n.用途; 使用能力; 运用头脑（或身体）的能力;vt.用，使用; 行使，【常用短语】①used to (do sth.) “过去常常(做某事)”否定形式：didn’t use to / usedn’t to②get/be used to(doing sth. )“习惯于(做某事)【拓展】useful adj. 有用的；useless adj. 无用的 知识点3：I first lived in the northern part of the town with my parents.(P8)注意:in the north与 in the northern part of 的同义句转换。例如：Beijing is in the north of China.=Beijing is in the northern part of China. 知识点4：When I got married in 1965, my wife and I moved two blocks away and we’ve lived in this area since then.(P8)当我1965结婚的时候，我的妻子和我搬到了两个街区之外，从那之后我一直住在那个地方。（1）marry:vt.& vi.（使）结婚; 娶; 嫁; 结合; marry sb 与某人结婚 marry A to B 把A嫁给Badj. married 已婚的; 短语：A and B get married=A get(s) married to Bn. marriage 婚姻 例句:Some young couples got married on that day.（2）move: vt.& vi.移动，搬动; 使感动【常用短语】move away 搬走 move into 搬进 move out of 搬出...【例句】Every year millions of people moved into the city while millions of people moved away. 知识点5： Now the government has turned part of the town centre into a new park.(P8)turn into 进入，拐进；（使）成为，turn... into把...变成例句:I saw him turn into the library.How can you turn a bottle of water into a bottle of orange juice?【常用短语】turn on开 turn off 关 turn up 调高；开大(音量、煤气等) turn down 调低；关小(音量、煤气、灯火等) turn over把……翻过来 turn back 往回走 turn left 向左转 turn right 向右转 知识点6：There was once a steel factory near the Sunshine River.(P9) 阳光河附近曾经有一个钢铁厂。once: adv.曾经 =used to 例句:There was once a shopping centre here.=There used to be a shopping centre here.n.一次，一回; = one time例句:I am used to doing exercise once a week. 知识点7：They often put the waste into the river.(P9)他们经常把垃圾放到河里。短语：put sth into 把……放进，使进入例句：Please put the food into the fridge.【常用短语】put away 拿走，储存…备用 put back放回；向后移put down写下；记下 put on 穿上put off 延期；推迟 put out 熄灭；关熄；扑灭 put up 举起；抬起；张贴 知识点8：Later the government realized the problem and took action to improve the situation.(P9)后来政府意识到这个问题并采取行动去改善这种情况。（1）realize v. 意识到；实现=come true例句：My dream comes true.=I realize my dream.（2）improve v 提高；改善；改进n. improvement 提高，改进；【常用短语】improve living standard提高生活水平;improve your English;改善你的英语；例句:Do you know how to improve your memory? 知识点9: Now the river is much cleaner. (P9)现在河流干净了很多。此处的much 用于修饰形容词比较级。类似的用法还有：much; still; even; far; a little; a bit; a lot; 例句:--How do you feel today? --Even worse. 知识点10: Well, in some ways it is.(P9)好的，在某种程度上它是。短语in some ways 在某些方面，在某种程度上例句:In some ways, I do agree with you.【相关短语拓展】in many ways 在许多方面；用许多方法； in this way用这种方法；on one’s way to表示“在某人去……的路上”；(home/here/there这几个词前不需要加to)by the way表示“顺便说/问一句”；all the way表示“全程；一直”；in a way在某一点上,在某种程度上 in the way 挡道 in the way of sb挡在某人路上 知识点11:It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.(P9)对我们来说像以前一样的经常见面已经变得不可能了。（1）此处的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式 to see each other.常用句型：It is +adj+ for sb to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是怎样的。例句:It is dangerous for us to go out alone at night.（2）as often as before 像以前一样的经常 as ... as 像一样。 知识点12:Now I feel a bit lonely from time to time. (P9)现在我经常会感到有点孤单。（1）lonely: adj.孤独的，孤单的; 寂寞的; 荒凉的【常用短语】feel lonely【词汇拓展】alone adv. 单独,独自=by oneself=on one’s own例句:1.Our teacher asks us to finish the task alone.=Our teacher asks us to finish the task by ourselves.=Our teacher asks us to finish the task on our own.2. My grandma lives alone, so she feels lonely sometimes. （2）time: n 时间; 次数;时代(常用复数)【常用短语】at the same time 同时 in time及时；适时 on time 按时，准时；按时all the time 始终，一直 at a time 一次；每次；在某时from time to time 不时，有时 for the first time 首次；第一次知识点13:I have learned more about Beijing’s past and present.（P14）我对北京的现在和过去了解的更多了。Beijing’s past and present=the past and present of Beijing①一般’s形式的所有格表示有生命的所有关系。一些无生命的名词，如：时间，国家、城市等地点以及价格、重量、距离等名词也可以在词尾加’s来构成所有格。例如：a seven days’ holiday 一个七天的假期 London’s weather 伦敦的天气 ten dollars’ sugar 十美元的糖 ②of 所有格由“of + 名词或名词短语”构成，修饰前面的名词，表示无生命的名词的所有格。例如：a map of China 一张中国地图③有些名词既可以用’s所有格，也可以用of所有格，两者可互换。例如：the son of our teacher = our teacher’s son 我们老师的儿子 二、语法精讲 在下列情形下用现在完成时1.九大标志词：①already，已经（肯定句中或句尾）例如：I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already.②yet 已经（否定句和疑问句句尾）例如：I have not finished the work yet. Have you bought a computer yet?③ever曾经（疑问句，句中） 例如：Have you ever seen pandas?④never从不（句中） 例如：I have never been to Beijing.⑤just刚刚（肯定句，句中 ） 例如：I have just done my work.⑥before以前（句尾 ） 例如：I have never been there before.⑦so far到目前为止 例如：So far he has learnt 200 words.⑧how long多久 例如：How long have you lived here?⑨how many times多少次 例如：How many times has he been to Beijing? 2.两结构3.三词组1.have/has gone to去了某地 表示“已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来”例句：He has gone to Beijing (去了北京) 2.have/has been to去过某地 表示“曾去过某地，已经从那里回来了”例句：He has been to Beijing. (去过北京) 3.have/has been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 例句：Mr. Brown has been in Beijing for three days. 布朗先生来北京已经有三天了 4.如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。例句：Have you lost your library book? 你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？ 5.现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型例如：They have planted many trees in the last few years. 在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。This is the best book I have ever read. 这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。It is the first time I have played the computer games. 这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。
8B Unit1 Past and present单元知识点汇总一、同步知识梳理知识点1：past and present(P6)（1）pastn. 过去，以前；in the past 在过去adj. 过去的，以前的；in the past few years 在过去的几年里prep. 经过 walk past the post office走过邮局例句:In the past, there was no underground in Nanjing. Let’s not make the past mistakes. When I walk past the post office, I see a bird flying over the tree.（2）presentadj.现在的; 目前的; 出席的n.现在; 礼物; at present 现在 ；a present for you=a gift for you给你的礼物vt.介绍; 出现; 提出; 赠送;例句:Everyone can be presented a present at present. 知识点2：You’ve changed, Eddie. You used to share food with me.(P6) 你变了。你以前跟我分享食物的。（1）change:vt./vi. 改变，变更; change into变成 n.变化，改变; change(s) to ...的变化例句:Great changes to Nanjing have taken place.（2）use n.用途; 使用能力; 运用头脑（或身体）的能力;vt.用，使用; 行使，【常用短语】①used to (do sth.) “过去常常(做某事)”否定形式：didn’t use to / usedn’t to②get/be used to(doing sth. )“习惯于(做某事)【拓展】useful adj. 有用的；useless adj. 无用的 知识点3：I first lived in the northern part of the town with my parents.(P8)注意:in the north与 in the northern part of 的同义句转换。例如：Beijing is in the north of China.=Beijing is in the northern part of China. 知识点4：When I got married in 1965, my wife and I moved two blocks away and we’ve lived in this area since then.(P8)当我1965结婚的时候，我的妻子和我搬到了两个街区之外，从那之后我一直住在那个地方。（1）marry:vt.& vi.（使）结婚; 娶; 嫁; 结合; marry sb 与某人结婚 marry A to B 把A嫁给Badj. married 已婚的; 短语：A and B get married=A get(s) married to Bn. marriage 婚姻 例句:Some young couples got married on that day.（2）move: vt.& vi.移动，搬动; 使感动【常用短语】move away 搬走 move into 搬进 move out of 搬出...【例句】Every year millions of people moved into the city while millions of people moved away. 知识点5： Now the government has turned part of the town centre into a new park.(P8)turn into 进入，拐进；（使）成为，turn... into把...变成例句:I saw him turn into the library.How can you turn a bottle of water into a bottle of orange juice?【常用短语】turn on开 turn off 关 turn up 调高；开大(音量、煤气等) turn down 调低；关小(音量、煤气、灯火等) turn over把……翻过来 turn back 往回走 turn left 向左转 turn right 向右转 知识点6：There was once a steel factory near the Sunshine River.(P9) 阳光河附近曾经有一个钢铁厂。once: adv.曾经 =used to 例句:There was once a shopping centre here.=There used to be a shopping centre here.n.一次，一回; = one time例句:I am used to doing exercise once a week. 知识点7：They often put the waste into the river.(P9)他们经常把垃圾放到河里。短语：put sth into 把……放进，使进入例句：Please put the food into the fridge.【常用短语】put away 拿走，储存…备用 put back放回；向后移put down写下；记下 put on 穿上put off 延期；推迟 put out 熄灭；关熄；扑灭 put up 举起；抬起；张贴 知识点8：Later the government realized the problem and took action to improve the situation.(P9)后来政府意识到这个问题并采取行动去改善这种情况。（1）realize v. 意识到；实现=come true例句：My dream comes true.=I realize my dream.（2）improve v 提高；改善；改进n. improvement 提高，改进；【常用短语】improve living standard提高生活水平;improve your English;改善你的英语；例句:Do you know how to improve your memory? 知识点9: Now the river is much cleaner. (P9)现在河流干净了很多。此处的much 用于修饰形容词比较级。类似的用法还有：much; still; even; far; a little; a bit; a lot; 例句:--How do you feel today? --Even worse. 知识点10: Well, in some ways it is.(P9)好的，在某种程度上它是。短语in some ways 在某些方面，在某种程度上例句:In some ways, I do agree with you.【相关短语拓展】in many ways 在许多方面；用许多方法； in this way用这种方法；on one’s way to表示“在某人去……的路上”；(home/here/there这几个词前不需要加to)by the way表示“顺便说/问一句”；all the way表示“全程；一直”；in a way在某一点上,在某种程度上 in the way 挡道 in the way of sb挡在某人路上 知识点11:It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.(P9)对我们来说像以前一样的经常见面已经变得不可能了。（1）此处的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式 to see each other.常用句型：It is +adj+ for sb to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是怎样的。例句:It is dangerous for us to go out alone at night.（2）as often as before 像以前一样的经常 as ... as 像一样。 知识点12:Now I feel a bit lonely from time to time. (P9)现在我经常会感到有点孤单。（1）lonely: adj.孤独的，孤单的; 寂寞的; 荒凉的【常用短语】feel lonely【词汇拓展】alone adv. 单独,独自=by oneself=on one’s own例句:1.Our teacher asks us to finish the task alone.=Our teacher asks us to finish the task by ourselves.=Our teacher asks us to finish the task on our own.2. My grandma lives alone, so she feels lonely sometimes. （2）time: n 时间; 次数;时代(常用复数)【常用短语】at the same time 同时 in time及时；适时 on time 按时，准时；按时all the time 始终，一直 at a time 一次；每次；在某时from time to time 不时，有时 for the first time 首次；第一次知识点13:I have learned more about Beijing’s past and present.（P14）我对北京的现在和过去了解的更多了。Beijing’s past and present=the past and present of Beijing①一般’s形式的所有格表示有生命的所有关系。一些无生命的名词，如：时间，国家、城市等地点以及价格、重量、距离等名词也可以在词尾加’s来构成所有格。例如：a seven days’ holiday 一个七天的假期 London’s weather 伦敦的天气 ten dollars’ sugar 十美元的糖 ②of 所有格由“of + 名词或名词短语”构成，修饰前面的名词，表示无生命的名词的所有格。例如：a map of China 一张中国地图③有些名词既可以用’s所有格，也可以用of所有格，两者可互换。例如：the son of our teacher = our teacher’s son 我们老师的儿子 二、语法精讲 在下列情形下用现在完成时1.九大标志词：①already，已经（肯定句中或句尾）例如：I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already.②yet 已经（否定句和疑问句句尾）例如：I have not finished the work yet. Have you bought a computer yet?③ever曾经（疑问句，句中） 例如：Have you ever seen pandas?④never从不（句中） 例如：I have never been to Beijing.⑤just刚刚（肯定句，句中 ） 例如：I have just done my work.⑥before以前（句尾 ） 例如：I have never been there before.⑦so far到目前为止 例如：So far he has learnt 200 words.⑧how long多久 例如：How long have you lived here?⑨how many times多少次 例如：How many times has he been to Beijing? 2.两结构3.三词组1.have/has gone to去了某地 表示“已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来”例句：He has gone to Beijing (去了北京) 2.have/has been to去过某地 表示“曾去过某地，已经从那里回来了”例句：He has been to Beijing. (去过北京) 3.have/has been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 例句：Mr. Brown has been in Beijing for three days. 布朗先生来北京已经有三天了 4.如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。例句：Have you lost your library book? 你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？ 5.现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型例如：They have planted many trees in the last few years. 在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。This is the best book I have ever read. 这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。It is the first time I have played the computer games. 这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。
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