2024年高考英语大二轮专题复习讲义：专题一 四选一阅读 第1讲　题型突破——细节理解题

这是一份2024年高考英语大二轮专题复习讲义：专题一 四选一阅读 第1讲　题型突破——细节理解题，共14页。

根据表格分析可知，近年来四选一阅读体裁类型以应用文、记叙文和说明文为主，夹叙夹议文、议论文等为辅，其中科普知识类和生态环保类的说明文是考生的难题；题型考查中细节理解和推理判断题所占比重较大，词句猜测和主旨大意题所占比重较小。各类四选一阅读中的长难句日益增多，因此，在复习备考中，我们应该着重从题型、体裁和题材等方面进行高效复习。
第1讲 题型突破——细节理解题
细节理解题相对比较简单，但在高考四选一阅读中占了60%的比重。细节理解题常分为直接信息题、间接信息题、综合信息题、数字计算题和细节排序题等。分析近三年的高考真题可知，直接信息题、间接信息题和综合信息题为高频考点，其他皆为低频考点。
设问方式
设问方式以特殊疑问句形式为主，常以when，where，what，which，wh，hw much/many等疑问词引出问题。
选项特征
直接信息题——定位比对找答案
直接信息题指的是其答案可以或几乎可以直接从原文中找出来，考生可先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中寻找细节。广告类、活动安排类、书籍或电影介绍类、演出信息类等语篇中的直接信息题较多。设问方式多为以5W1H(what，wh，when，where，why和hw)等开头的特殊疑问句。如：
1．Where des the guided city tur start？(2023·新课标Ⅰ,23题)
2．What is the shrt talk at Artist Pint abut？(2023·新课标Ⅱ,22题)
3．Where will the participants meet fr the July 10 phtgraphy wrkshp？
(2023·新课标Ⅱ，23题)
4．Which restaurant ffers a large set menu？(2023·全国甲，22题)
5．Wh pened the dr t philsphy fr the authr？(2023·全国甲，28题)
6．Wh was the first African American with a medical degree？(2023·全国乙，23题)
7．On which f the fllwing dates can yu cancel yur registratin with a full refund？
(2023·浙江1月，21题)
解此类试题常用“定位比对”法。解题流程如下：
真题体验 (2023·新课标Ⅰ·A片段)
Guided City Turs
The 2.5-hur tur cvers the Gyer Windmill，the Skinny Bridge，the Rijksmuseum，Heineken Brewery and much mre.The tur departs frm Dam Square every hur n the hur，starting at 1：00 pm every day.Yu can buy yur ticket in a MacBike shp r bk nline.
23．Where des the guided city tur start?
A．The Gyer Windmill.
B．The Skinny Bridge.
C．Heineken Brewery.
D．Dam Square.
间接信息题——同义转换定答案
间接信息题通常不能直接从原文中找到对应的词或短语，但考生可以根据文章的隐含意义，如原因、前提或结果等仔细推敲得出正确答案。此类题型常在记叙文、说明文或议论文中考查。常以下列形式设问：
1．Navajas’ study fund that the average accuracy culd increase even if .
(2023·新课标Ⅰ，33 题)
2．What are the selected artwrks abut？(2023·新课标Ⅱ，29题)
3．Which aspect f the human speech sund des Damián Blasi’s research fcus n？
(2022·新课标Ⅰ，32题)
4．Hw did sme drinks cmpanies respnd t the sugar tax？(2022·全国乙，33题)
此类试题与直接信息题相比，其命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。解答间接信息题时，要做到“两关注”“一防范”。“两关注”是指关注正确选项的两个特征：一是同义异构，即通过把文中的语言(词汇和结构)改头换面来表达相同的意思；二是对文章信息的归纳。“一防范”是指防范干扰选项的逼真性，稍有不慎就会落入命题人设置的陷阱中。
解此类试题常用“同义转换”法。解题流程如下：
真题体验 (2023·新课标Ⅰ·D片段)
mre technical terms，the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent.If fr whatever reasns，peple’s errrs becme crrelated r dependent，the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.
But a new study led by Jaquin Navajas ffered an interesting twist(转折) n this classic phenmenn.The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin，the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals.Fr instance，the average btained frm the estimates f fur discussin grups f five was significantly mre accurate than the average btained frm 20 independent individuals.
33．Navajas’ study fund that the average accuracy culd increase even if .
A．the crwds were relatively small
B．there were ccasinal underestimates
C．individuals did nt cmmunicate
D．estimates were nt fully independent
综合信息题——概括归纳定答案
综合信息题涉及一段内的多个信息或多段内容，且各个细节信息都能在文章中找到，因此考生要不厌其烦地认真分析、概括和归纳从而得出正确答案。设问形式如下：
1．What can we learn abut Jhn frm the first tw paragraphs？(2023·新课标Ⅰ，24 题)
2．What d Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in cmmn？(2023·全国甲，21题)
3．What d the wrks by Shepherd and Smith have in cmmn？(2021·全国甲，22题)
4．What similar experience d Sli and Kisima have？(2021·全国甲，26题)
5．What is the disadvantage f Htel and Hstel Des Artistes？(2021·新课标Ⅰ，23题)
6．Of the fllwing stadiums，which is the ldest？(2021·全国乙，22题)
7．What d the listed stadiums have in cmmn？(2021·全国乙，23题)
解此类试题常用“概括归纳”法。解题流程如下：
真题体验 (2023·全国甲·A片段)
Nahm
Offering Thai fine dining，Nahm prvides the best f Bangkk culinary(烹饪的) experiences.It’s the nly Thai restaurant that ranks amng the tp 10 f the wrld’s 50 best restaurants list.Head Chef David Thmpsn，wh received a Michelin star fr his Lndn-based Thai restaurant f the same name，pened this branch in the Metrplitan Htel in 2010.
Issaya Siamese Club
Issaya Siamese Club is internatinally knwn Thai chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkk restaurant.The menu in this beautiful clnial huse includes traditinal Thai cuisine cmbined with mdern cking methds.
21．What d Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in cmmn?
A．They adpt mdern cking methds.
B．They have branches in Lndn.
C．They have tp-class chefs.
D．They are based in htels.
数字计算题——整合推算得答案
数字计算题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说，计算量都比较小，容易计算。但是解答英语阅读中的数字计算题必须要找出计算背后所隐含的信息。这些“暗”信息会涉及对某个难句的理解，从这个角度上讲，理解文中相应的复杂句是解这类题的关键。数字计算题的话题有：1.广告类；2.故事类；3.科普知识类；4.史地自然类；5.文化教育类。设问方式以when，in which year，hw many/much等疑问词(组)开头引出问题。如：
1．Hw much d yu pay fr renting a bike with hand brake and three gears fr tw days？
(2023·新课标Ⅰ，22题)
2．Hw many hurs f class will yu have altgether if yu register fr a single week?
(2023·浙江1月，23题)
3．Hw many parts is a student’s final grade made up f？(2022·新课标Ⅰ，22题)
4．Hw much wuld a cuple with tw children under 12 pay fr admissin？
(2022·全国乙，22题)
解此类试题常用“整合推算”法。解题流程如下：
真题体验 (2023·新课标Ⅰ·A片段)
Prices
23.Hw much d yu pay fr renting a bike with hand brake and three gears fr tw days?
A.€15.75. B.€19.50.
C.€22.75. D.€29.50.
A
(外刊阅读·原创题)(Frm https：)
A dzen years ag，William nticed his six-year-ld neighbr，Camran，seemed angry.He’d strm ut f the huse，shuting at his mm.One day，William saw the by utside and started a cnversatin.Camran shared that his dad wasn’t in his life.
William asked Camran’s mm fr permissin t take him fishing.Camran was fascinated by that first trip.The tw fished tgether several times a week，and William saw psitive changes in Camran’s behavir.That inspired him t set up Take a Kid Fishing，Inc.，a nn-prfit rganizatin，in Lakeland，Flrida.
During the week，William wrks as a tire salesman.On weekends，he and a few ther vlunteers take 20 t 25 kids ut fishing n a charter bat.William als reaches ut t lcal fster(寄养) hmes and grup hmes t invite the kids t spend the day n the water.Many have never been fishing r even n a bat，s William—r Big Will，as the kids call him—starts by teaching the basics.Then cme the life lessns that fishing ffers：patience，teamwrk and the simple jy f relaxing in the utdrs.Up t nw，it has taken mre than 600 fishing trips with almst 2,000 kids wh dn’t have a father in their lives.
William grew up in Miami in a rugh area.His dad ran a lbster business in the Flrida Keys，and William helped with it.He and his dad had a great relatinship.Fishing was a huge part f that. “Fishing was s peaceful，” William says.“It was like an escape.”
He wants t share his lve f fishing with kids wh dn’t have a father t take them.“I just want t shw them that I care abut them，and that I’m there fr them，” he says.Because many kids g n multiple trips，William is able t build relatinships with them.He and Camran，nw 20，still regularly fish tgether，and Camran sees Big Will as a father figure.
1．Which can best accunt fr Camran’s rude behavir?
A．His mther’s ignrance.
B．His father’s absence.
C．His bad relatinship with neighbrs.
D．His lack f sprts.
2．What des Take a Kid Fishing，Inc.mst prbably d?
A．Sell fishing equipment t kids.
B．Train vlunteers t aid kids.
C．Help fatherless kids learn fishing.
D．Organize utdr trips fr the hmeless.
3．What is the purpse f paragraph 4?
A．T share his passin fr fishing.
B．T intrduce William’s childhd life.
C．T summarize the previus paragraphs.
D．T add sme backgrund infrmatin.
4．Which can best describe William?
A．Caring. B．Hnest.
C．Determined. D．Generus.
B
(2023·广东佛山一模)
Ttal Slar Eclipse(日食) 2023 Australia
One f nature’s mst remarkable events—a ttal slar eclipse—will take place n the western edge f Australia n April 20th,2023 and we have chsen the perfect way fr yu t enjy this event：n a cruise(航游) at sea.
There have been nly five ttal slar eclipses in Australia ver the past century and this is the first hybrid eclipse in mre than 1,000 years.Unlike ther cruises fr this event，urs has the well-knwn astrnmer Abigail Beall t accmpany yu.Yu will have the best pssible view f the event as well as enjying lectures and stargazing n land and at sea.Abigail will be n hand thrughut，giving lectures n the histry and science f eclipses，the black hle at the centre f the galaxy—alng with prviding many pprtunities fr guided stargazing.Plus，there will be additinal talks frm the Astrnmical Sciety f Australia.Click here fr detailed arrangements f the tur.

Alngside the cruise，yu can als explre sme f Australia’s best scientific and natural phenmena with a series f tailred add-n turs cvering astrnmy n the east cast and visits t Uluru，Sydney，the Great Barrier Reef and much mre.On the last day f the tur，we can send yu back t the airprt fr yur return jurney hme，r yu can jin ne f ur add-n turs.Click here fr full details abut add-n turs.
5．What makes the cruise different frm thers?
A．A specialist’s guidance.
B．A talk with astrnmers.
C．A chance fr stargazing.
D．A meeting with astrnauts.
6．Hw much shuld a cuple pay fr a tur in an Oceanview cabin?
A．￡3,229. B．￡2,199.
C．￡6,458. D．￡4,398.
7．What is the purpse f the text?
A．T celebrate a histric event.
B．T advertise a special cruise.
C．T intrduce a travel agency.
D．T explain a natural phenmenn.
第1讲
技法一 真题体验
23．D [直接信息题。一、在题干中标注定位词(where，the guided city tur，start)；二、在原文中找出信息句(The tur departs frm Dam Square every hur n the hur)；三、比对选项与信息句，可知答案为D。]
技法二 真题体验
33．D [间接信息题。一读题干，锁定关键词，即“Navajas’ study，the average accuracy，increase”；二扫原文，锁定信息区间，即“The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin，the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals.”可知，D项是对信息区间的同义描述，即估计数字在并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D。]
技法三 真题体验
21．C [综合信息题。根据 Nahm部分的“Head Chef David Thmpsn，wh received a Michelin star fr his Lndn-based Thai restaurant f the same name，pened this branch in the Metrplitan Htel in 2010.”以及Issaya Siamese Club部分的“Issaya Siamese Club is internatinally knwn Thai chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkk restaurant.”可知，Nahm和Issaya Siamese Club的共同之处是它们都有一流的厨师。故选C。]
技法四 真题体验
23．C [数字计算题。一读题干查找关键词“a bike with hand brake and three gears fr tw days”；二在Prices部分中标记“1 day(24 hurs)，14.75”和“Each additinal day，8.00”；三用加法计算答案，即14.75＋8.00＝22.75。 故选C。]
随堂演练
1．B [直接细节题。根据第一段的内容尤其是“Camran shared that his dad wasn’t in his life.”可知，Camran之所以朝母亲大喊大叫是由于父爱缺失。故选B。]
2．C [综合信息题。根据第二段最后一句中的“a nn-prfit rganizatin”和第三段中的“On weekends，he and a few ther vlunteers take 20 t 25 kids ut fishing n a charter have never been fishing r even n a bat，s William—r Big Will，as the kids call him—starts by teaching the basics.Then cme the life lessns that fishing ffers...”可知，Take a Kid Fishing，Inc.主要是帮助父爱缺失的孩子学习钓鱼，以此来培养孩子的健全人格。故选C。]
3．D [写作意图题。 通读第四段内容可知，本段交代William与父亲的亲密关系以及钓鱼在父子关系中发挥的作用是为了更好地让读者理解William为何会有“带领父爱缺失的孩子钓鱼”的想法，由此推测本段的目的是补充背景信息。故选D。]
4．A [推理判断题。综合分析文章可知，文章主要讲述了William通过带领父爱缺失的孩子钓鱼来培养孩子的健全人格的故事，所以可以推断William是个关爱他人的人。 故选A。]
5．A [间接细节题。根据第二段中的“Unlike ther cruises fr this event，urs has the well-knwn astrnmer Abigail Beall t accmpany yu.”可知，专家的指导让这次航游与众不同。故选A。]
6．D [数字计算题。根据表格中Oceanview cabin后的“Per guest based n tw peple sharing，￡2,199”可知，夫妇两人应支付2 199×2＝4 398英镑。故选D。]
7．B [写作意图题。根据第一段“One f nature’s mst remarkable we have chsen the perfect way fr yu t enjy this event：n a cruise(航游) at sea.”可知，本文的目的是为一次特别航游做广告。故选B。]
卷别
年份
体裁
题目类型
命题专家谈高考
细节理解
推理判断
词句猜测
主旨大意
新课标Ⅰ卷
2023
应用文
记叙文
说明文
说明文
6
7
1
1
1.文章题材丰富
高考英语试卷中的所有语篇都紧扣“人与自我”“人与社会”以及“人与自然”三大主题语境，题材涉及故事、科普、人文、社会现象、文化活动等。
2.短文体裁广泛
短文体裁包括应用文、记叙文、说明文、议论文等，说明文占比较高。
3.题型分布多样
近三年新课标卷四选一阅读突出考查考生理解和运用语言解决问题的基本能力，以考查细节理解、推理判断为主，以考查词句猜测、主旨大意为辅。
4.语篇特点鲜明
(1)原汁原味：高考阅读语篇一般选自各大主流英文报刊和媒体网站，新材料尽量原汁原味。
(2)词汇量大：高考阅读语篇词汇量丰富，含有大量的派生词、词性转换词、熟词生义词以及英语短语和习语。
(3)长难句多：高考阅读语篇中含有大量的长句和难句，句子结构复杂。
2022
应用文
说明文
说明文
说明文
6
7
1
1
2021
应用文
记叙文
说明文
议论文
9
3
1
2
新课标Ⅱ卷
2023
应用文
记叙文
说明文
说明文
6
7
1
1
2022
应用文
记叙文
说明文
说明文
8
4
2
1
2021
应用文
记叙文
夹叙夹议文
说明文
8
5
1
1
Hand Brake，Three Gears
Ft Brake，N Gears
1 hur
€7.50
€5.00
3 hurs
€11.00
€7.50
1 day(24 hurs)
€14.75
€9.75
Each additinal day
€8.00
€6.00
Single ccupancy
Per guest based n tw peple sharing
Interir cabin
￡2,429
￡1,699
Oceanview cabin
￡3,229
￡2,199
If yu wish t add a third adult r child t yur rm，please ask fr a qute.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了William通过带领父爱缺失的孩子钓鱼来培养孩子的健全人格的故事。
语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了通过海上巡航的方式观看澳大利亚西部边缘发生的日全食现象的相关信息。