新高考英语二轮复习课件+讲义（新高考版） 第1部分 阅读理解与阅读七选五　专题1　第1讲　题型突破——细节理解题

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阅读是我国考生学习和使用外语最主要的途径，因此，阅读理解在试卷中所占比重较大。该部分要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如：公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：1.理解主旨要义；2.理解文中具体信息；3.根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；4.根据所读内容做出判断和理解；5.理清文章的基本结构；6.理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
根据表格分析可知，近年来阅读理解体裁以应用文、记叙文和说明文为主，议论文和新闻报道为辅，其中科普知识类和生态环保类的说明文更是考生的难题；题型考查中细节理解和推理判断题所占比重较大，词句猜测和主旨大意题所占比重较小。各类阅读理解中的长难句日益增多，因此，在复习备考中，我们应该着重从题型、体裁和微技能三方面进行高效复习。
第1讲　题型突破——细节理解题
细节理解题相对比较简单，但在高考阅读理解中占了60%的比重。细节理解题常分为直接信息题、间接信息题、数字计算题、细节排序题和正误判断题。分析近三年的高考真题可知：直接信息题和间接信息题为高频考点，其他皆为低频考点。
1.特殊疑问句形式。以when，where，what，which，wh，hw much/many等疑问词引出问题。2.判断是非形式。含有TRUE/FALSE，NOT true或EXCEPT等的判断是非问题。此时要注意题干中是否含有否定词，如nt，never等。3.以“Accrding t...”开头的提问形式。4.填空形式。如The biggest challenge fr mst mthers is frm ________.
技法一　直接信息题——定位比对找答案直接信息题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中，涉及的话题有：广告类、活动安排类、书籍或电影介绍类、演出信息类等。设问方式多为以5W1H(what，wh，when，where，why和hw)等开头的特殊疑问句。
解此类试题常用“定位比对”法。解题流程如下：
(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ·A片段)Late WrkAn essay nt submitted in class n the due date will lse a letter grade fr each class perid it is late.If it is nt turned in by the 4th day after the due date，it will earn a zer.Daily assignments nt cmpleted during class will get a zer.Shrt writings missed as a result f an excused absence will be accepted.
23.What will happen if yu submit an essay ne week after the due date?A.Yu will receive a will lse a letter will be given a will have t rewrite it.
细节理解题。一、在题干中标注定位词submit an essay ne week after the due date，二、在原文中找出信息句，即Late Wrk部分“If it is nt turned in by the 4th day after the due date，it will earn a zer”，三、比对选项与信息句，可知答案为A。
技法二　间接信息题——同义转换定答案间接信息题常在记叙文、说明文或议论文中考查，会涉及“人与自我”“人与社会”和“人与自然”三大主题语境。
1.Accrding t the authr/passage， can we learn 此类试题相比直接信息题，命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。解答间接信息题时，要做到“两关注”“一防范”。“两关注”是指关注正确选项的两个特征：一是同义词替换或释义，即把文中的语言(词汇和结构)改头换面，来表达相同的意思；二是对文章信息的归纳。“一防范”是指防范干扰选项的逼真性，稍有不慎就会落入命题人设置的陷阱中。
解此类试题常用“同义转换”法。解题流程如下：
(2022·全国甲·B片段)Gffin’s cckats，a kind f small parrt native t Australasia，have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld.Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild，the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage.In a recent experiment，cckats were presented with a bx with a nut inside it.The clear frnt f the bx had a “keyhle” in a gemetric shape，and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” t chse frm.Inserting the crrect “key” wuld let ut the nut.
24.Hw did the cckats get the nut frm the bx in the experiment?A.By fllwing using a turning the bx remving the lid.
细节理解题。一读题干，锁定关键词，即Hw，get the nut；二扫原文，锁定信息区间，即第一段中的“Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild，the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage.”和“ birds were given five differently shaped ‘keys’ t chse frm.Inserting the crrect ‘key’ wuld let ut the nut.”，B项是对信息区间的同义描述，即在实验中，凤头鹦鹉是通过使用工具从盒子里取出坚果的。故选B。
技法三　数字计算题——整合推算得答案数字计算题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说，计算量都比较小，容易计算。但是英语阅读中的数字计算必须要找出计算背后所隐含的信息。这些“暗”信息会涉及对某个难句的理解，从这个角度上讲，理解文中相应的复杂句是解这类题的关键。数字计算题的话题有：1.广告类；2.故事类；3.科普知识类；4.史地自然类；5.文化教育类。设问方式以when，in which year，hw many/much等疑问词(组)开头引出问题。
解此类试题常用“整合推算”法。解题流程如下：
(2022·全国乙·A片段)Admissin￡4.Children under 12 years accmpanied by an adult are admitted much wuld a cuple with tw children under 12 pay fr admissin?A.￡4. B.￡8.C.￡12. D.￡16.
数字计算题。一读题干寻找关键词a cuple with tw children under 12，二在Admissin部分中标记￡4.Children under 12 years accmpanied by an adult are admitted free，三用加法推算答案，即一对夫妇应付4＋4＝8(英镑)，两个12岁以下的儿童在成人陪同下免费，即入场费为8英镑。故选B。
A(外刊阅读·原创题)　选自(https： real-life/vitilig-abriginal-mdel-65734)The afternn sun shne dwn n my daughter，Syriah，13，while I painted.I watched as the warm rays lit up her skin，creating a beautiful pattern.But Syriah was brn with vitilig，a cnditin that causes the lss f skin clur in patches(小块) all ver her bdy.
Althugh a lt f peple with vitilig struggle with cnfidence issues，Syriah was nt ne f them，cmfrtable frm the mment it started shwing at fur years ld.It was inspiring.The lder she gt，the mre she tld me abut her hbby f mdelling but living in a small twn，it wasn’t easy.Painting had always been a big part f my life.Althugh I did it fr fun，peple were always asking me if my wrks were fr sale.Then I decided t g fr it，making a Facebk page t sell my creatins.I wanted t set up a legacy(遗产) fr my kids and help build them smething fr their future.
One day，I received a message frm a wman named Ana. Interested，I cntacted her and she explained she was the creatr f Lndn Pacific Fashin Week，an event where designers can launch their brands during Lndn Fashin Week.“I want yu t create a fashin line fr a runway shw，” she said，explaining that they’d get t search fr their wn mdels t.Suddenly，I thught f Syriah’s mdelling ambitin.What if this culd get her started? Sn after，Ana cnnected with me n Facebk and came acrss the phts I’d taken f Syriah.
“Hw wuld yu feel abut yur daughter mdelling in the shw? I lve her smile with cnfidence！”she messaged.“Yes！”I replied excitedly，“that’s her dream！”When I tld my girl the news，she cried with excitement.Nw，we can’t wait fr Syriah’s first mdelling perfrmance.Hpefully her image will make a difference t girls，just like her，wh’ve never seen peple like them represented in the fashin industry.She’ll shw everyne that beauty cmes in many frms.
1.What can we learn abut Syriah?A.She shwed ptential fr was nt cnfident suffered frm a skin gt sick f rural life.
细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，Syriah天生患有白癜风，这种疾病导致全身皮肤的颜色一块块地脱落，由此可知，她患有一种皮肤病，故选C。
2.Why did the authr chse t sell her paintings?A.T finance her future gain wide becme a Facebk dnate mney fr the disabled.
细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，作者想为她的孩子留下一些遗产，并为他们的未来准备一些东西，所以选择卖她的画，故选A。
3.Which f the fllwing was nt right?A.Ana funded Lndn Pacific Fashin wanted t find sme willingly accepted Ana’s ffer t be a didn’t perfrm well in the fashin shw.
细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知A项正确；根据第四段的“they’d get t search fr their wn mdels”可知B项正确；根据倒数第二段可知C项正确；根据最后一段可知，作者期望Syriah在时装表演周可以有好的表现，文章并没有说她表现不好。故选D。
4.Syriah gt the mdelling jb due t beauty cming frm withinB.her mther’s recmmendatinC.her clse relatinship with Ana D.her utstanding mdelling skills
细节理解题。根据倒数第四段的“I lve her smile with cnfidence！”可知，Syriah得到这份模特工作是由于她自信的微笑，也就是内在的美，故选A。
B(2022·山东青州二模)The Empire State Building is ne f the mst ppular attractins in New Yrk City，bth fr the tur and histry f the building.Our Empire State Building facts include NYC Insider tips and the best ways t tur this wrld-famus icn，whether yu are shrt n time r budget.
Empire State Building HursThe main entrance t the Empire State Building is n Fifth Avenue between 33rd and 34th Streets.All visitrs must use this entrance and there is ften a wait just t get in the building.The Empire State Building Observatry is pen frm 8∶00 2∶00 a.m.7 days a week.Last elevatrs g up at 1∶15 State Building Tur FactsThe ESB ffers tw bservatries，the 86th flr and the 102nd flr.
86th Flr Observatry(indr and utdr)1，050 feet(320 meters)，reached by high-speed，autmatic elevatrs，it has a glass-enclsed area，which is heated in winter and cled in summer.High-pwered binculars(双筒望远镜) are available fr the cnvenience f visitrs at a minimal cst.102nd Flr Observatry(indr nly)Tickets are nly sld upn arrival at the Empire State Building at a cst f $15.00 in additin t regular admissin tickets.
Empire State Building TicketsRegular—$38 adult，$32 ages 6－12，under 5 free.Express Pass—$65 all visitrs ages 6＋Buying yur tickets befre yu g t New Yrk saves yur time.When buying tickets，yu can pt fr regular tickets r express tickets.Yu can als buy a discunt pass fr free entrance.If yu want t visit the 102nd flr，yu can get tickets which include dinner at STATE Grill and Bare.
语篇解读　这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了帝国大厦(Empire State Building)以及参观大厦时的相关注意事项。
5.What can we learn frm the secnd paragraph?A.Yu can enter the building thrugh three entrances.B.A large number f visitrs are attracted by the are nt allwed t take elevatrs after 1∶00 Empire State Building is clsed n weekends.
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“All visitrs must use this entrance and there is ften a wait just t get in the building.”可知，到这里参观的游客必须等待，其主要原因可能是游客数量很多。故选B。
6.What can we say abut the 86th Flr Observatry?A.It is lcated at a height f 1，050 is a bit clder utside than binculars can be used free f can enjy the view f NYC utdrs.
细节理解题。根据文中的“86th Flr Observatry(indr and utdr)”可知，该看台可以让游客在室内外观景，故选D。