Module 9 Great inventions模块语法详解与训练
展开被动语态(3)一般将来时的被动语态与含有情态动词的被动语态
一、一般将来时的被动语态
1. 一般将来时的被动语态有两种结构:
①主语+will/shall be+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者). 表示“将会被……”。如:
Sme trees will be planted this spring. 今年春天将要种些树。
Our cllege will sent her t Oxfrd University. 我们学院将派她去牛津大学。
②主语+ be (am/is/are) ging t be+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者). 表示“准备/打算被……”。如:
These trees are ging t be cut dwn. 这些树将要被砍伐。
They are ging t invite yu t the party. 他们准备邀请你参加这个聚会。
2. 一般将来时的被动语态的各种句式:
①肯定句形式:主语+will/shall /be (am/is/are) ging t+be+dne.
A new stadium will be put up here. 一个新的体育场将被建在这里。
Sme ld buildings are ging t be pulled dwn. 一些老建筑将会被拆除。
②否定句形式:主语+will nt /shall nt/be (am/is/are) nt ging t + be +dne.
A new stadium wn’t be put up here. 一个新的体育场将不会被建在这里。
Sme ld buildings aren’t ging t be pulled dwn. 一些老建筑将不会被拆除。
③一般疑问句形式及其简略回答:
Will+主语+be++动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者)? Yes, 主语+will/shall. // N, 主语+wn’t/shan’t.
Will a new stadium be put up here? 一个新的体育场将会被建在这里吗?
Yes, it will. 是的,会。// N, it wn’t. 不,不会。
Be (am/is/are) +主语+ging t+be+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者)? Yes, 主语+be. // N, 主语+be nt.
Are sme ld buildings ging t be pulled dwn? 一些老建筑将会被拆除吗?
Yes, they are. 是的,他们会。// N, they aren’t. 不,他们不会。
④特殊疑问句形式:
特殊疑问词+will/shall +主语+be+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者)?
What will be put up here? 什么将会被建造在这里?
特殊疑问词+be (am/is/are) +主语+ging t+be+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者)?
What are ging t be pulled dwn? 什么将会被拆除?
二、含有情态动词(shuld, may, might, can, culd, must)的被动语态:
1. 含有情态动词的被动语态的常用结构:主语+情态动词+be+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者).
The man must be sent t hspital. 这个人必须被送往医院。
Teenagers shuld be allwed t g ut with their friends. 应该允许青少年和朋友外出。
2. 含有情态动词的被动语态的各类句式:
①肯定句形式:主语+情态动词+be++动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者).
Tables can be made f stne. 桌子可以由石头制造。
Waste paper shuld be thrwn here. 废纸应该扔在这里。
②否定句形式:主语+情态动词+nt+be++动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者).
Tables can’t be made f stne. 桌子不可以由石头制造。
Waste paper shuld nt be thrwn here. 废纸不应该扔在这里。
③一般疑问句形式及其简略回答:情态动词+主语+be+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者)? Yes, 主语+情态动词. // N, 主语+情态动词+nt.
Can tables be made f stne? 桌子能用石头制造吗?
Yes, they can. 是的,他们可以。// N, they aren’t. 不,他们不可以。
Shuld waste paper be thrwn here? 废纸应该扔在这里吗?
Yes, it shuld. 是的,应该。// N, it shuldn’t. 不,不应该。
④特殊疑问句形式:特殊疑问词+情态动词+主语+ be +动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者)?
What can be made f stne? 什么能用石头制造?\\ What shuld be thrwn here? 什么应该扔在这里?
三、被动语态的几种特殊形式:
1. 主动结构表示被动意义
①feel, lk, sund, smell, taste等系动词的主动语态表示被动含义。如:
This kind f drink tastes strange. 这种饮料尝起来味道很怪。
Our teacher lks yunger than she is. 我们老师看起来比实际年龄小。
②当主语为物时,动词sell, write, cut, pen, lck, read, clean, wash, burn, drive等作不及物动词时,用主动形式表被动意义,用来表示某物的性质、特征。如:
The bk sells well. 这本书很畅销。 // This knife cuts well. 这把小刀很锋利。
③不及物动词和某些动词短语没有被动语态。这类的动词(短语)有happen, take place, break ut, last, cst, spread 等。如:
An accident happened near here yesterday. 昨天这附近发生了一起事故。
Great changes have taken place in ur city in the past few years. 在过去的几年时间里,我们城市发生了很大的变化。
④不定式在一些形容词(如easy, difficult, hard, gd, impssible, heavy 等)之后,且与主语有动宾关系时,要用主动形式表被动意义。如:This questin is easy t answer. 这个问题很容易回答。// This bx is heavy t carry. 这个箱子扛起来很重。
⑤sth. need/ want/ require ding相当于sth. need/ want/ require t be dne (不定式的被动结构)。如:
Yur rm needs cleaning.=Yur rm needs t be cleaned. 你的房间需要打扫了。
⑥be wrth ding (值得做) 中的ding表示被动含义。如:
The mvie is wrth watching by everyne. 这部电影值得所有人看一看。
2. 不用被动语态的情况
①主动句的谓语动词是系动词(feel, lk, sund, seem, becme等)、不及物动词(happen, take, please, disappear等)、表示状态的及物动词(have, rise, hld等)或某些动词短语(cme true; fall asleep; keep quiet; take place等)时,不能用于被动语态。如:This was happened in 1989.(错)This happened in 1989.(对)
The trees have been becme green.(错)The trees have becme green.(对)
②主动句的宾语是不定式或动名词时,不能用作被动语态的主语。如:
My brther enjys watching TV. 我弟弟喜欢看电视。→不能变成:Watching TV is enjyed by my brther.(误)
He asked t have a try. 他请求试一试。→不能变成:T have a try was asked by him.(误)
③主动句的宾语是反身代词或each ther时,不能用作被动语态的主语。如:
The wman intrduced herself as Mrs. Li. 那个妇女自我介绍说她是李夫人。
不能变成:Herself was intrduced herself as Mrs. Li.(误)
They help each ther t study English. 他们互相帮助学习英语。
不能变成:Each ther is helped t study English.(误)
3. 被动语态与系表结构的区别
“be+动词的过去分词”表示动作时是被动语态;“be+动词的过去分词”表示主语所处的状态时是系表结构。
①含有“by+宾语”结构强调动作执行者,此时为被动语态。如:
The windw is brken. 窗户坏了。(系表结构)// The windw is brken by me. 窗户是我打破的。(被动语态)
②句中有地点、频率或时间状语时,一般是被动语态。如:
The dr was clsed. 门是关着的。(系表结构)// The dr was clsed at 9: 00. 九点钟关的门。(被动语态)
③系表结构中常用介词搭配,被动语态中没有介词搭配。如:We’re wrried abut the by. 我们担心那个男孩。
④系表结构的过去分词可以被副词修饰。如:I’m really surprised at the news. 我对这个消息真的感到很惊讶。
⑤系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时,而被动语态可用于多种时态。
四、被动语态用法总结:
根据时态变化的规则,将一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和含有情态动词的主动语态和被动语态的结构总结如下(以d为例):
被动语态的肯定句形式、否定句形式和疑问句形式列表如下(以d为例):
模块语法即学即练
一、单项选择。
( ) 1. Hundreds f jbs if the factry clses.
A. lse B. will be lst C. are lst D. have lst
( ) 2. cmputers mre than bks in the future?
A. Will; use B. Is; used C. D; use D. Will; be used
( ) 3. Dn’t put ff tday’s wrk fr tmrrw. I mean, tday’s wrk tday.
A. may d B. must d C. must be dne D. may be dne
( ) 4. ---- Will the by fr his bad behaviur (行为)? ---- Of curse.
A. be punished B. punish C. is punished D. punished
( ) 5. We were tld that a new car factry here the next year.
A. will set up B. will set be up C. wuld set up D. be wuld set up
( ) 6. ---- Must we clean the classrm nw? ---- N, yu needn’t. It after schl.
A. may clean B. must clean C. can be cleaned D. need be cleaned
( ) 7. The task in an hur. Then we can g hme and have a gd rest.
A. will be finished B. was finished C. has been finished D. can’t be finished
( ) 8. If it desn’t rain tmrrw, the sprts meeting in the playgrund f ur schl.
A. is hlding B. will hld C. will be held D. is t be hlding
( ) 9. In rder t make Dandng mre beautiful, mre trees and flwers every year.
A. will plant B. shuld be planted C. shuld plant D. must plant
( ) 10. I prmise that this matter next week.
A. will be taken care B. will take care f C. will take care D. will be taken care f
( ) 11. ---- A new park in ur hmetwn next year. ---- Really? Our hmetwn must be mre beautiful.
A. will build B. will be built C. is built D. built
( ) 12. An exhibitin f paintings at the art museum when he cmes back frm abrad.
A. is ging t hld B. is ging t be held C. are ging t hld D. are ging t be held
( ) 13. Yu arund ur schl this afternn. Nw, please have a gd rest.
A. are shwn B. have shwn C. will shw D. are ging t be shwn
( ) 14. The students n everything they have learnt this year.
A. is ging t be examining B. are ging t examine C. are ging t be examined D. is ging t be examined
( ) 15. ---- D yu have Jay’s CDs? ---- Srry, they are . But we’ll get sme mre next week because they .
A. sld ut; sell well B. sld well; are n sale C. selling well; sell well D. fr sale; sell well
二、用所给动词的被动语态完成句子。
1. The sprts meeting (hld) next mnth.
2. The earth is ur hme. It must (prtect) well.
3. Children shuld (allw) t chse their clthes.
4. These magazines can (nt take ut f) the reading rm.
5. The prblem is ging t (discuss) at the meeting tmrrw.
三、根据要求完成句子。
1. The yung tree can be planted nw. (改为主动语态)
We the yung tree nw.
2. Shuld the classrm be cleaned n time? (作肯定回答)
, .
3. Tm will pay ten yuan fr the pen. (改为被动语态)
Ten yuan by Tm fr the pen.
4. The flwers must be watered nce a day. (改为一般疑问句)
the flwers nce a day?
5. Teenagers shuld be allwed t play with friends at night. (改为否定句)
Teenagers t play with friends at night.
外研版英语九(上)Mdule 9模块语法即学即练答案
一、单项选择。1—5 BDCAD 6—10 CACBD 11—15 BBDCA
二、用所给动词的被动语态完成句子。
1. will be held 2. be prtected 3. be allwed 4. nt be taken ut f 5. be discussed
三、根据要求完成句子。
1. can plant 2. Yes, it shuld 3. will be paid 4. Must, be watered 5. shuldn’t be allwed时态
主动语态
被动语态
一般现在时
d/des
am/is/are+dne
一般过去时
did
was/were+dne
一般将来时
will/ be(am/is/are) ging t d
will/ be(am/is/are) ging t+be+dne
情态动词
can/culd/must… d
can/culd/must…+be+dne
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
肯定句形式
主语+be+dne.
主语+was/were+dne.
主语+will/shall+be ging t+be+dne.
否定句形式
主语+be+nt +dne.
主+was/were +nt+dne.
主语+will/shall+be nt+ging t+ be+dne.
一般疑问句形式
Be+主语+dne?
Was/Were+主语+dne?
Will/Shall+主语+be+dne?/
Be+主语+ging t+be+dne?
特殊疑问句形式
特殊疑问词+be+主语+dne?
特殊疑问词+was/
were+主语+dne?
特殊疑问词+will+主语+be +dne?/
特殊疑问词+be+主语+ging t+be +dne?
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