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2022-2023学年广东省广州市天河区天省实验学校高二上学期期末英语试卷含答案
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这是一份2022-2023学年广东省广州市天河区天省实验学校高二上学期期末英语试卷含答案，文件包含广东省广州市天河区天省实验学校2022-2023学年高二上学期期末英语试卷原卷版docx、广东省广州市天河区天省实验学校2022-2023学年高二上学期期末英语试卷解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共41页， 欢迎下载使用。
注意事项：
1．本试卷分全卷满分150分，120分钟内完成，闭卷。
2．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名，准考证号填写在答题卡相应的位置。
3．全部答案应在答题卡上完成，答在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将答题卡交回。
第一部分 阅读理解(共三节，满分75分)
第一节(共10小题，每小题3分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Ida Nelsn was enjying and relaxing in her bath when she heard the thunder f a small airplane circling the nearby airprt. It was 11：30 at night in the Alaskan village f Igiugig, ppulatin 70, and, as she tld the New Yrk Times, “Anytime a plane flies ver that late, yu knw smething is wrng.”
Nelsn and her sister leaped ut f the bath, ran t the windw and saw the prblem: The airprt’s runway lights were ut. Nelsn threw n sme clthes, jumped int her ATV, and flred it t the airprt where she fund a lcal pilt trying t turn n the lights manually. “Nrmally, if yu push the buttn 10 r 15 times, the lights will just light up.” Nt this time.Meanwhile, she and the pilt learned f the plane’s urgent missin: It was a medevac (救伤直升机), there t transprt a seriusly ill lcal girl t the nearest hspital, 280 miles away in Anchrage.
Nelsn had a plan.Driving her ATV t the end f the runway, she switched her headlights n fr the plane t fllw.Great idea, but it wasn’t enugh.Mre light was needed, s a neighbr called nearly every hme in the village - 32 f them. Within 20 minutes, 20 vehicles arrived at the airprt, many f the drivers still in pajamas. Fllwing the directins frm the medevac pilt, the cars lined up n ne side f the runway.
The medevac made its final apprach and, guided by the headlights, landed safely. The yung patient was laded nt the aircraft, and the plane immediately tk ff again. Her illness was never publicly revealed, but she has since recvered and left the hspital.
In a wrld filled with uncertainty, the little cmmunity’s psitive activism is a big deal. Nt s much fr Nelsn.As she tld CNN, in Igiugig, cming tgether is “kind f a nrmal deal.”
1. Hw did Ida Nelsn tell smething wrng happened?
A. By bserving the runway lights.
B. By listening t the sund f the airplane.
C. Thrugh the time the airplane turned up.
D. Thrugh the behavir f the lcal pilt.
2. What was Nelsn’s idea?
A. T light up the runway.
B. T help repair the lights.
C. T call in mre villagers.
D. T turn n mre runway lights.
3. What des the stry intend t shw?
A. Lve makes the wrld g arund.
B. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
C. Nthing is impssible t a willing heart.
D. A small actin can make a big difference.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲解了艾达纳尔逊和她的妹妹帮助救护直升机安全着陆，使得飞机把重病的女孩送到医院，这个故事想告诉我们一个小小的善举可以带来很大的影响。
【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Ida Nelsn was enjying and relaxing in her bath when she heard the thunder f a small airplane circling the nearby airprt.It was 11：30 at night in the Alaskan village f Igiugig, ppulatin 70, and, as she tld the New Yrk Times, “Anytime a plane flies ver that late, yu knw smething is wrng.””(Ida Nelsn在洗澡时正在享受和放松，这时她听到一架小型飞机在附近机场盘旋的雷声。那是阿拉斯加70人口的Igiugig村的晚上11：30，正如她告诉《纽约时报》的那样，“任何时候飞机飞得那么晚，你都知道出了问题。”)可知，Ida Nelsn通过听飞机的声音知道出问题了。故选B项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Nelsn had a plan. Driving her ATV t the end f the runway, she switched her headlights n fr the plane t fllw. Great idea, but it wasn’t enugh. Mre light was needed, s a neighbr called nearly every hme in the village - 32 f them. Within 20 minutes, 20 vehicles arrived at the airprt, many f the drivers still in pajamas. Fllwing the directins frm the medevac pilt, the cars lined up n ne side f the runway.”（Nelsn有一个计划。她把她的ATV开到跑道尽头，打开前灯让飞机跟着走。这是个好主意，但还不够。需要更多的光线，所以一位邻居几乎给村里的每个家庭都打了电话，其中有32个。不到20分钟，20辆车就到达了机场，许多司机仍然穿着睡衣。按照医疗后送飞行员的指示，汽车排成一排在跑道的一侧。）可知，尼尔森的计划是照亮跑道。故选A项。
3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In a wrld filled with uncertainty, the little cmmunity’s psitive activism is a big deal. Nt s much fr Nelsn. As she tld CNN, in Igiugig,cming tgether is “kind f a nrmal deal.””(在一个充满不确定性的世界里，这个小社区的积极行动主义是一件大事。对Nelsn来说就不那么重要了。正如她在Igiugig告诉CNN的那样，团结起来是“一种正常的交易”)可知，这个故事想告诉我们一个小小的善举可以带来很大的影响。故选D项。
B
There’s nthing better than a walk in the cuntryside fr lifting ur spirits. Cnnecting with nature has been prven t help ur mental health. Fr sme, the best tnic is t wander thrugh a frest, but as we admire the trees that surrund us, it’s wrth knwing these trees are ding mre than just being nice things t lk at.
We’re already aware f the healing prperties f trees - they prduce xygen and clean the air we breathe by absrbing abut a quarter f all human-caused carbn dixide emissins. Defrestatin isn’t helping with this which is why s many peple want t save them. But there’s mre t these impressive frms f vegetatin than we might think. Researchers have discvered evidence that prves they are actually intelligent.
It’s thught that trees talk and share resurces right under ur feet, using a netwrk f fungi (真菌). Under the grund are tree rts, and fixed amng them, alng with bacteria, are thusands f superfine threads f fungi. And research has shwn that they are all intercnnected. They can help each ther by sharing nutrients, and they can even warn f appraching threats. Scientists say it’s like the trees are talking t ne anther.
Eclgist Suzanne Simard has called this netwrk the Wd Wide Web. She discvered that parent trees use this netwrk t help their ffspring (后代). Speaking t the BBC, she said: “We fund that the parent trees wuld favur thse seedlings that were f their wn family VS the strangers” by sending them mre nutrients. She als fund that trees are smart enugh t change their behaviur and have managed t adapt and survive in a changing envirnment.
S it seems trees really are the stars f ur natural wrld, and with arund three trillin f them n ur planet, it’s time t shw them sme respect if we want them t flurish.
4. What can we learn frm paragraph 3?
A. Trees share infrmatin by talking.
B. Trees share nutrients thrugh their rts.
C. Trees are cnnected by a netwrk f fungi.
D. Trees cmmunicate with each ther thrugh bacteria.
5. Frm Suzanne Simard, we can knw _________.
A. parent trees mistake strangers fr their ffspring
B. parent trees ffer nutrients t all the seedlings fairly
C. trees can adjust themselves t a changing envirnment
D. trees are s smart that they can change the envirnment
6. Where is the text prbably frm?
A. A health reprt.
B. A science fictin.
C. A travel brchure.
D. A ppular science magazine.
【答案】4. C 5. C 6. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了树木能给人类和大自然带来好处，以及树木之间如何互相帮助，相互交流，共同茁壮成长的。
4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“It’s thught that trees talk and share resurces right under ur feet, using a netwrk f fungi (真菌). (人们认为，树木通过真菌网络在我们脚下交流和共享资源) ”可知，树木是由真菌网络连接起来的。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“She als fund that trees are smart enugh t change their behaviur and have managed t adapt and survive in a changing envirnment. (她还发现，树木足够聪明，能够改变自己的行为，并在不断变化的环境中适应和生存)”可知根据Suzanne Simard，我们可以知道树可以自我调整以适应不断变化的环境。故选C。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，可知文章讲述研究人员发现树木之间有一种智能的交流方式，它们通过地下的真菌网络分享资源和警告潜在威胁。生态学家Suzanne Simard称这个网络为“木质广域网”，她发现树木可以通过这个网络帮助它们的后代，并且能够适应环境的变化。这是与科学相关的内容，所以推测文章可能来自科普杂志。故选D。
C
A smke bmb frm a party started a majr blaze (火焰) near Ls Angeles in September,just ne f many recent wildfires ignited (引燃) by peple. Nw, an analysis f satellite data shws human-caused blazes spread much faster and kill mre trees than nes ignited by lightning.
Fire has always been a part f Califrnia’s natural histry. But several centuries f human settlement have created new cnditins that prmte its spread.Studies have shwn human ignitin is t blame fr 84% f all wildfires in the United States,and 97% f all thse that threaten hmes.
Human-caused fires always seemed mre extreme, says Stijn Hantsn,a fire eclgist at the University f Califrnia,Irvine,wh led the new research. But measurements f hw fast they spread and their impacts n ecsystems (生态系统) in Califrnia had nt been explred, he ntes.
T examine thse differences, Hantsn and his clleagues analyzed satellite data fr 214 wildfires in Califrnia between 2012 and 2018.Human-caused fires typically spread abut 1.83 kilmeters per day, mre than twice as fast as lightning-ignited burns,the team reprts.The faster spreading fires als burned mre vilently and killed “duble r triple” the trees as lightning-caused nes.
Hwever, there is n fundamental difference in the chemistry f a human-caused blaze. “A fire is a fire” Hantsn says. “It’s the surrunding things that matter.” Causes f fires ranging frm imprperly thrwn cigarettes t sparking (冒火花) pwer lines culd ignite a blaze n any given day, he says, while lightning strikes and dry thunderstrms nly happen seasnally.
The researchers tracked meterlgical data and fund that human-caused fires were mre likely t start n days with extreme weather cnditins,and were mre assciated with drier,less-frested landscapes. This adds t scientists’ understanding f hw humans are extending the fire seasn, says Nathan Mietkiewicz, an eclgist with the Natinal Eclgical Observatin Netwrk.
7. The authr uses sme data in paragraph 2 t shw that ________.
A. wildfires are mstly caused by humans
B. mst wildfires threaten peple’s hmes
C. wildfire is a part f Califrnia’s natural histry
D. wildfires break ut frequently in the United States
8. What’s the purpse f Hantsn’s research?
A. T prve hw extreme human-caused fires are.
B. T find ut the causes and slutins f wildfires.
C. T explre the speed and effects f wildfires caused by humans.
D. T examine the differences between a human-caused blaze and a nature-caused ne.
9. Hw is the result presented in paragraph 4?
A. By giving examples.
B. By making cmparisns.
C. By analyzing cause and effect.
D. By giving definitins.
10. What can be inferred frm the last tw paragraphs?
A. Human-caused fires and lightning-caused fires are basically different.
B. Lightning strikes and thunderstrms can always lead t wildfires.
C. Wildfires nly happen in dry,less-frested areas.
D. Humans are t blame fr the extended fire seasn.
【答案】7. A 8. C 9. B 10. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇短文主要介绍了人为引发的火灾比起由闪电引发的火灾传播更快，对生态系统的影响更大。研究人员通过分析卫星数据发现，在加利福尼亚州的214起火灾中，人为引发的火灾每天传播大约1.83公里，比闪电引发的火灾传播速度快两倍。人为引发的火灾还更加猛烈，对树木的破坏程度是闪电引发火灾的两到三倍。此外，研究人员还发现，人为引发的火灾更容易在极端天气条件下发生，并且更多发生在干燥、森林覆盖较少的地区。这些研究结果有助于科学家们对人类如何延长火灾季节的理解。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Studies have shwn human ignitin is t blame fr 84% f all wildfires in the United States, and 97% f all thse that threaten hmes(研究表明，美国84%的野火和97%的威胁家园的野火都是人为点火造成的)”可知，作者在第二段中使用了一些数据来表明野火大多是由人类引起的。故选A。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“But measurements f hw fast they spread and their impacts n ecsystems (生态系统) in Califrnia had nt been explred, he ntes.(但他指出，没有人研究过它们传播速度有多快，以及它们对加州生态系统的影响。)”及第四段“Human-caused fires typically spread abut 1.83 kilmeters per day, mre than twice as fast as lightning-ignited burns, the team reprts(人为引起的火灾通常每天蔓延约1.83公里，比闪电燃烧的速度快两倍多。)可知，汉森研究的目的是探索人类引起的野火的速度和影响。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Human-caused fires typically spread abut 1.83 kilmeters per day, mre than twice as fast as lightning-ignited burns, the team reprts.The faster spreading fires als burned mre vilently and killed “duble r triple” the trees as lightning-caused nes. (研究小组报告称，人为引起的火灾通常每天蔓延约1.83公里，比闪电燃烧的速度快两倍多。火势蔓延得更快，燃烧得也更猛烈，闪电造成的树木死亡的数量是树木的“两倍或三倍”) ”可知，第四段主要通过对比来展示结果。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“This adds t scientists’ understanding f hw humans are extending the fire seasn, says Nathan Mietkiewicz, an eclgist with the Natinal Eclgical Observatin Netwrk(这增加了科学家对人类如何延长火灾季节的理解，”国家生态观察网络的生态学家内森·米特凯维奇说)”可推断，火灾季节延长应归咎于人类。故选D。
第二节 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。(共5小题;每小题3分，满分15分)
Let’s be hnest: it can be hard t get mtivated t d yur schlwrk even in the best f times. S finding the mtivatin, while yu’re learning frm hme, is extra challenging. Here are a few tips that culd prmte yur mtivatin.
Guard Yur Time
Yu d nt need large amunts f time t be prductive.____11____Prtect these pen times by setting up yur wrkspace t reduce distractins, including silencing ntificatins n yur cellphne r laptp.
Determine Hw Much Wrk Is Needed
____12____because there is a limit t hw much infrmatin yu can recall and prcess at ne time. Examine the remaining prjects, and estimate the amunt and type f effrt each requires.
Break Large Prjects int Smaller Ones
Breaking big prjects int smaller and mre manageable tasks allws yu t achieve the greatest efficiency and effectiveness.Yur given tasks shuld fllw a lgical rder.____13____
Set Gals
Set gals related t effrt. Fr example, plan t spend 60 minutes at a specific time f the day studying a pre-determined cncept. Als, set gals related t the cmpletin f specific tasks r prjects.____14____
Identify the Rewards
It pays t clarify the rewards at the end f each term, whether thse rewards are internal (内部的), such as the feeling f achievement that cmes frm understanding a difficult cncept well, r external (外部的), such as getting a gd grade.
Wrk t build gd habits and strategies nw.____15____
A. It will certainly pay ff in the future.
B. Remember t wrk as quickly as pssible,
C. Write dwn the wrk yu need t achieve,
D. Therefre, yu can chse hw t make gd use f yur wn time.
E. Als, making a list and crssing things ff that list is really satisfying.
F. Instead be fcused in shrt blcks when yu can wrk withut interruptin.
G. Fr instance finish reading a specific article fr a certain paper yu must write befre a certain time.
【答案】11. F 12. C 13. E 14. G 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。针对学生在家学习缺乏动力，文章给出了五点建议。
【11题详解】
上文“Yu d nt need large amunts f time t be prductive.(你不需要大量的时间来提高效率。)”提出效率与时间的多少无关，F项“Instead be fcused in shrt blcks when yu can wrk withut interruptin.(相反，当你可以不受干扰地工作时，把注意力集中在短时间内。)”提出正确建议：在短时间内集中注意力，说明效率与注意力相关，与上文构成对比关系。故选F项。
【12题详解】
根据下文“because there is a limit t hw much infrmatin yu can recall and prcess at ne time.(因为你一次能回忆和处理的信息量是有限的。)”中连词because可知，设空句和下文之间是因果关系。“一次能回忆和处理的信息量是有限的”是“Write dwn the wrk yu need t achieve(写下你需要完成的工作)”的原因。故选C项。
【13题详解】
上文“Breaking big prjects int smaller and mre manageable tasks allws yu t achieve the greatest efficiency and effectiveness. Yur given tasks shuld fllw a lgical rder.(把大项目分解成更小、更易于管理的任务，可以让你获得最大的效率和效果。你指定的任务应该遵循逻辑顺序。)”建议分解项目，并给任务排序。E项“Als, making a list and crssing things ff that list is really satisfying.(此外，列一个清单并把清单上的东西划掉真的很令人满意。)”承接上文，建议给分解的任务列清单，并享受划掉完成的任务带来的满足感，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。
【14题详解】
上文“Als, set gals related t the cmpletin f specific tasks r prjects.(此外，设定与完成特定任务或项目相关的目标。)”建议设定与任务或项目相关的目标，G项“Fr instance, finish reading a specific article fr a certain paper yu must write befre a certain time.(例如，在特定的时间内完成你必须写的某篇论文的特定文章。)”进行举例说明，句中“a specific article fr a certain paper”与上文“specific tasks r prjects”相照应。故选G项。
【15题详解】
上文“Wrk t build gd habits and strategies nw.(从现在开始努力建立良好的习惯和策略。)”号召开始建立良好的习惯和策略，A项“It will certainly pay ff in the future.(将来肯定会有回报的。)”说明这样做的结果，句中时间状语“in the future”与上文“nw”相照应。故选A项。
第三节 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A，B，C，D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)
Tim Rbinsn, a frmer sldier f the British Army, was n hliday in Bridprt, Drset. While enjying a walk dwn the beach, Rbinsn ____16____ n a piece f seaweed lying in the sand and fell, breaking his ____17____.With n phne and n ne arund, he culd either just ___18___ anxiusly, r he culd try smething else. As he lay ___19___, he remembered his ____20____ training and thught abut what he culd d.
Thugh his leg had made him partially ____21____ t mve, Rbinsn still had the ability t crawl (爬), and s he did. The chice was easy but the crawl was ____22____.Having crawled fr a while, he started ____23____ his trch in SOS and spinning it ver his head t create a Buzz-Saw signal t ____24____ helicpters in the armed frces nearby.
N ne seemed t be arund. S he ___25___ crawling and signaling. In what appeared t be a(n) ____26____, Rbinsn finally gt a respnse. It was his wife, wh was shining the trch ____27____ his signal. The frmer sldier kept n his crawling-signal rutine while ____28____ his way t his wife. All the while his brken leg hurt increasingly wrse and was at risk f infectin. He needed an ambulance and medical care____29____.
When the cast guard finally came, they culdn’t believe what Rbinsn had ____30____.They were ____31____ that this man had the ____32____ t crawl mre than a mile in ttal, after suffering such a wund.
___33___ it weren’t fr his training and knwledge f Mrse cde, he might nt have ____34____ it. Mrs. Rbinsn is grateful that her husband was ____35____ and tugh enugh t bring himself back t safety.
16.
A. ranB. fellC. slippedD. crashed
17.
A. legB. backC. ankleD. heart
18.
A. waitB. sitC. cryD. listen
19.
A. painfulB. helplessC. awakeD. frightened
20.
A. sprtsB. medicalC. militaryD. financial
21.
A. unableB. unhealthyC. uninterestedD. unnecessary
22.
A. lngB. tughC. aimlessD. pintless
23.
A. shwingB. shakingC. flashingD. raising
24.
A. seekB. guideC. remindD. attract
25.
A. stppedB. cntinuedC. avidedD. practised
26.
A. hurB. weekC. mnthD. lifetime
27
A. in spite fB. as a result fC. in respnse tD. in cntrast t
28.
A. makingB. findingC. lsingD. feeling
29.
A. eventuallyB. frequentlyC. cnstantlyD. immediately
30.
A. waited frB. cme acrssC. brught abutD. gne thrugh
31.
A. relievedB. amazedC. satisfiedD. cnfused
32.
A. attitudeB. advantageC. respnsibilityD. determinatin
33.
A. IfB. BecauseC. UnlessD. Thugh
34.
A. gtB. madeC. takenD. passed
35.
A. carefulB. helpfulC. brightD. useful
【答案】16. C 17. A 18. A 19. B 20. C 21. A 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. D 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了罗宾逊在沙滩受伤后想办法求救的过程。
【16题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在沙滩上散步时，罗宾逊踩到沙滩上的一片海藻滑倒了，摔断了腿。A. ran跑；B. fell落下；C. slipped滑倒；D. crashed撞击。根据后文“n a piece f seaweed lying in the sand and fell, breaking his 2 .”和后文“Rbinsn still had the ability t crawl (爬)，and s he did.”可知，当鲁滨孙在沙滩上散步时，他滑倒了，摔断了腿。故答案为C。
17题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在沙滩上散步时，罗宾逊踩到沙滩上的一片海藻滑倒了，摔断了腿。A. leg腿；B. back背；C. ankle脚踝；D. heart心。根据后文“Rbinsn still had the ability t crawl (爬)，and s he did.”可知罗宾逊不得不爬行，说明他摔断了腿。故答案为A。
【18题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有电话，身边也没有人，他只能焦急地等待，或者尝试其他方法。A. wait等待；B. sit坐；C. cry哭；D. listen听。根据上文“With n phne and n ne arund”可知没有电话，周围也没有人，他要么焦急地等待，要么尝试其他方法。故答案为A。
【19题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他无助地躺在地上时，他想起了他的军事训练，想着他能做些什么。A. painful痛苦的；B. helpless无助的；C. awake醒着的；D.frightened害怕的。根据上文“While enjying a walk dwn the beach, Rbinsn 1 a piece f seaweed lying in the sand and fell, breaking his 2.”和“With n phne and n ne arund”可知没有电话，周围也没有人，说明他非常无助。故答案为B。
【20题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他无助地躺在地上时，他想起了他的军事训练，想着他能做些什么。A. sprts体育运动的；B. medical医学的；C. military军事的；D. financial经济上的。根据前文“Tim Rbinsn, a frmer sldier f the British Army, was n hliday in Bridprt, Drset.”可知，罗宾逊是英国陆军的一名退役士兵，说明他接受过军事训练。故答案为C。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然他的腿使他行动受限，但罗宾逊仍然有爬行的能力，所以他做到了。A. unable不能的；B. unhealthy不健康的；C. uninterested不感兴趣的；D. unnecessary不必的。根据下文“Rbinsn still had the ability t crawl (爬)，and s he did.”可知，鲁宾逊仍然有爬行的能力，他也确实这样做了。说明他的腿受伤，使他部分身体不能移动。故答案为A。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：选择很容易，但爬行却很艰难。A. lng长的；B. tugh困难的；C. aimless无目的的；D. pintless没有意义的。根据上文“The chice was easy (选择是容易的)”和表示转折的but，可知爬行是艰难的。故答案为B。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：爬了一段时间后，他开始用手电筒发出求救信号，并在头上旋转，以制造一个拉锯信号，吸引附近武装部队的直升机。A. shwing展示；B. shaking晃动；C. flashing亮灯发送；D. raising提升。根据空后“his trch in SOS”可知，爬了一段时间后，他开始用手电筒发出求救信号。故答案为C。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：爬了一段时间后，他开始用手电筒发出求救信号，并在头上旋转，以制造一个拉锯信号，吸引附近武装部队的直升机。A. seek寻求；B. guide指导；C. remind提醒；D. attract吸引。根据空后“helicpters in the armed frces nearby”可知，他用手电筒发出求救信号，目的是吸引附近武装部队的直升机。故答案为D。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以他继续爬行和发信号。A. stpped停止；B. cntinued继续；C. avided避免；D. practised练习。根据上句“N ne seemed t be arund.”可知，似乎没有人在附近。说明他不得不继续爬行并发出信号。故答案为B。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：差不多过了一个小时，罗宾逊终于得到了回应。A. hur小时；B. week周；C. mnth月；D. lifetime一生。根据前文“N ne seemed t be arund. S he 10 crawling and signaling.”和常识可知，他爬的时间不可能过长，说明他大概爬了一个小时。故答案为A。
【27题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：正是他的妻子在响应他的信号而使得手电筒闪烁。A. in spite f尽管；B. as a result f由于；C. in respnse t对……做出回应；D. in cntrast t比较。根据前文“In what appeared t be a(n) 11, Rbinsn finally gt a respnse.”可知，爬了一段时间后，罗宾逊终于得到了回应，说明他的妻子回应了他。故答案为C。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位退伍军人在向他的妻子爬去的时候，仍然保持着他的爬行信号。A. making制作；B. finding发现；C. lsing丢失；D. feeling感觉。根据后文“his way t his wife.”可知，本空用making。make ne’s way t“向……前进”，有经过相当的努力从一个地方到另外一个地方的意思。故答案为A。
【29题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他立刻需要救护车和医疗护理。A. eventually最后；B. frequently频繁地；C. cnstantly持续地；D. immediately立刻。根据空前“All the while his brken leg hurt increasingly wrse and was at risk f infectin. He needed an ambulance and medical care”可知，他立刻需要一辆救护车和医疗护理。故答案为D。
30题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：当海岸警卫队最终赶到时，他们简直不敢相信罗宾逊所经受的一切。A. waited fr等待；B. cme acrss偶遇；C. brught abut导致；D. gne thrugh经历。根据下文“They were 16 that this man had the 17 t crawl mre than a mile in ttal, after suffering such a wund.”可知，罗宾逊在受了这样的伤后，有决心爬一英里多。说明罗宾逊经受了很多痛苦。故答案为D。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们很惊讶，这个人在受了这样的伤之后，还有决心爬一英里多。A. relieved宽慰的；B. amazed惊讶的；C. satisfied满意的；D. cnfused困惑的。根据下文“this man had the 17 t crawl mre than a mile in ttal, after suffering such a wund.”可知，罗宾逊在受了这样的伤后，有决心爬一英里多，他们感到惊讶。故答案为B。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们很惊讶，这个人在受了这样的伤之后，还有决心爬一英里多。A. attitude态度；B. advantage优势；C. respnsibility责任；D. determinatin决心。根据下文“crawl mre than a mile in ttal, after suffering such a wund.”可知，罗宾逊在受了这样的伤后，爬一英里多，他很有决心。故答案为 D。
【33题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：如果没有他的训练和对摩尔斯电码的了解，他可能不会成功。A. If如果；B. Because因为；C. Unless除非；D. Thugh尽管。根据下文“it weren’t”可知，这是if引导的虚拟条件句。故答案为A。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果没有他的训练和对摩尔斯电码的了解，他可能不会成功。A. gt得到；B. made制作；C. taken带走；D. passed经过。根据空后的it和句意可知，本空用made。make it“成功”，为固定短语。故答案为B。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：罗宾逊太太很感激她的丈夫聪明又坚强，把自己带到了安全的地方。A. careful小心的；B. helpful乐于助人的；C. bright聪明的；D. useful有用的。根据上文“18 it weren’t fr his training and knwledge f Mrse cde, he might nt have 19 it.”可知，罗宾逊足够聪明和坚强，让自己回到了安全的地方。故答案为C。
第二部分 语言知识与应用(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Mre than 11,000 scientists frm 153 cuntries have sunded the alarm n climate change. In a paper ________36________ (publish) last week in the jurnal BiScience, they signed a declaratin (声明) stating clearly that planet Earth is facing a climate emergency, saying that if n changes ________37________ (make), the wrld will face untld suffering. The evidence that the scientists cllected reveals an undeniable truth______38______ human activities have been causing glbal warming frm the fast rise f fssil fuel cnsumptin_____39_____ the increase in greenhuse gas emissins (排放) ver the past 40 years.
The scientists als gave sme instructins t fight against glbal warming, _____40_____ (prpse) six actins t prevent further disasters: stabilizing ppulatin _______41_______(grw) by investing int family-planning services and girls’ educatin, replacing fssil fuels, cutting the emissins f climate pllutants, eating less meat, restring and prtecting ecsystems, and building ____42____carbn-free ecnmy.
The scientists say the climate crisis is _______43_______ (clse) related t human activities, s they call n peple ________44________ (change) their life styles. But these measures are cmparatively abstract.________45________, it is high time fr plicymakers t figure ut mre practical measures that can bring dwn carbn emissins.
【答案】36. published
37. are made
38. that 39. t
40. prpsing
41. grwth 42. a
43. clsely
44. t change
45. Therefre
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了多名科学家对气候变化发出了警告，明确指出地球正面临气候紧急情况，并解释了原因。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在上周发表在《生物科学》杂志上的一篇论文中，他们签署了一份声明，明确指出地球正面临气候紧急情况，如果不做出改变，世界将面临无尽的痛苦。分析句子结构可知，signed为主句谓语，故空处缺少非谓语，paper和publish“发表”之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词published作后置定语。故填published。
【37题详解】
考查时态及语态。句意：在上周发表在《生物科学》杂志上的一篇论文中，他们签署了一份声明，明确指出地球正面临气候紧急情况，如果不做出改变，世界将面临无尽的痛苦。分析句子结构可知，if引导条件状语从句，主句使用一般将来时，故条件状语从句使用一般现在时，且主语changes和make“做出”之间是被动关系，因此使用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are made。
【38题详解】
考查同位语从句。句意：科学家收集的证据揭示了一个不可否认的事实，即在过去的40年里，从化石燃料消耗的快速增长到温室气体排放的增加，人类活动一直在导致全球变暖。分析句子结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，解释说明truth，且同位语从句中不缺少成分和含义，故用引导词that。故填that。
【39题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：科学家收集的证据揭示了一个不可否认的事实，即在过去的40年里，从化石燃料消耗的快速增长到温室气体排放的增加，人类活动一直在导致全球变暖。结合句意和空前的frm可知，本空填介词t，为固定搭配，意为“从……到……”。故填t。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家们还对应对全球变暖给出了一些指示，提出了防止进一步灾难的六项行动：通过投资计划生育服务和女孩教育来稳定人口，取代化石燃料，减少气候污染物的排放，少吃肉，恢复和保护生态系统，建立一种无碳经济。分析句子结构可知，本句谓语为gave，故空处缺少非谓语，且主语scientists和prpse“建议”之间是主动关系，故使用现在分词作状语。故填prpsing。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：科学家们还对应对全球变暖给出了一些指示，提出了防止进一步灾难的六项行动：通过投资计划生育服务和女孩教育来稳定人口，取代化石燃料，减少气候污染物的排放，少吃肉，恢复和保护生态系统，建立一种无碳经济。根据ppulatin可知，此处指的是人口增长，故使用不可数名词形式grwth“增长”。故填grwth。
【42题详解】
考查冠词。句意：科学家们还对应对全球变暖给出了一些指示，提出了防止进一步灾难的六项行动：通过投资计划生育服务和女孩教育来稳定人口，取代化石燃料，减少气候污染物的排放，少吃肉，恢复和保护生态系统，建立一种无碳经济。此处泛指一种无碳经济，且carbn﹣free是以辅音音素开头，故使用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
【43题详解】
考查副词。句意：科学家们说气候危机与人类活动密切相关，因此他们呼吁人们改变生活方式。空处修饰形容词related，要用副词clsely“密切地”，作状语。故填clsely。
【44题详解】
考查不定式。句意：科学家们说气候危机与人类活动密切相关，因此他们呼吁人们改变生活方式。call n sb.t d sth.为固定搭配，意为“呼吁某人做某事”，故本空填change“改变”的不定式形式t change，作宾补。故填t change。
【45题详解】
考查副词。句意：因此，现在是政策制定者制定更切实可行的措施来降低碳排放的时候了。根据上文“But these measures are cmparatively abstract. (但这些措施相对抽象。)”和空后的“it is high time fr plicymakers t figure ut mre practical measures that can bring dwn carbn emissins. (现在是政策制定者制定更切实可行的措施来降低碳排放的时候了。)”可知，二者之间是因果关系，故用副词Therefre“因此”，位于句首，单词首字母大写。故填Therefre。
第三部分 基础知识(共三节，满分30分)
第一节 单词拼写
根据中文提示用一个单词填入下列句子，使句意完整。(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
46. Many students suffer frm ____________ (焦虑) befre taking an exam. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】anxiety
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：许多学生在参加考试前都感到焦虑。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用不可数名词anxiety“焦虑”，作frm的宾语。故填anxiety。
47. Lily felt ____________ (羞耻) f what she did and hid her face in her hands. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】ashamed
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：莉莉为自己的行为感到羞愧，用手捂住了脸。根据汉语提示可知应填形容词ashamed ，作表语。故填ashamed。
48. The writer gave us a lecture and described the scene in a __________ (生动的)way. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】vivid
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：作家给我们做了一个讲座，并生动地描述了当时的情景。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用形容词vivid“生动的”，作定语，修饰way。故填vivid。
49. ________________ (陪伴) by his parents, the little by had a wnderful day in Disneyland. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】Accmpanied
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：在父母的陪伴下，小男孩在迪斯尼乐园度过了美好的一天。根据汉语提示“陪伴”可知，此处应用动词accmpany，分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，动词accmpany与其逻辑主语the little by之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母应大写。故填Accmpanied。
50. Lee is s ______________(雄心壮志的)that he wn’t lse heart when facing difficulties. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】ambitius
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：李很有野心，遇到困难也不会灰心。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用形容词ambitius“雄心壮志的”，位于系动词is后，作表语。故填ambitius。
51. This is true _______________(不管) f hw imprtant yur task may seem. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】regardless
【解析】
【详解】考查短语。句意：不管你的任务看起来有多重要，这都是事实。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用regardless，构成固定短语regardless f“不管”。故填regardless。
52. It was s cld that I felt I was ging t ___________ (冻僵) t death. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】freeze
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：天气太冷了，我觉得自己快要冻死了。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用动词freeze“冻僵”，freeze t death为固定搭配“冻死”，不定式符号t后加动词原形。故填freeze。
53. They have made an ___________ (紧急的) request fr internatinal aid. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】urgent
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他们已紧急请求国际援助。根据括号内词义，根据句意及汉语提示“紧急的”可知为urgent，形容词urgent作定语修饰名词request。故填urgent。
54. Thugh he seldm received ________________ (认可) frm thers，he never gave up his dream t be a painter.
【答案】recgnitin
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：尽管他很少得到别人的认可，但他从未放弃成为一名画家的梦想。根据句意和汉语提示可知此空使用名词recgnitin“认可”作宾语，不可数名词。故填recgnitin。
55. Tu Yuyu is ____________ (致力于) t medical research all her life. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】devted
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：屠呦呦一生致力于医学研究。根据句意及汉语提示“致力于……”可知，用短语be devted t表示，所以空格处应该用形容词devted作表语。故填devted。
第二节 短语填空(共5题;每小题2分，满分10分)
用所给短语的恰当形式填入下列句子，使其意义完整。有两个短语多余。
56. Open cnversatins helped t ________________ the barrier between the tw grups.
57. Dr. Yuan Lngping _____________ develping super hybrid rice thrughut his life.
58. A balanced diet __________________ a variety f fds with different nutrients.
59. Dark cluds were gathering in the skies ver Eurpe. War was sn t ____________.
60. The fantastic view frm the tp f the muntain is sure t ____________ everyne.
【答案】56. break dwn
57. was engaged in
58. cnsists f
59. break ut
60. appeal t
【解析】
【56题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：公开对话有助于打破两组人之间的隔阂。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“打破”，用动词短语break dwn，动词不定式符号t后用动词原形。故填break dwn。
【57题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：袁隆平博士一生致力于超级杂交水稻的研制。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“致力于”，用动词短语be engaged in，根据实际可知本句用一般过去时，且主语Dr.Yuan Lngping为第三人称单数，故be动词用was。故填was engaged in。
【58题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：均衡饮食包括各种营养成分不同的食物。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“包括”，用动词短语cnsist f，结合句意可知本句说明事实，故用一般现在时，且主语A balanced diet为第三人称单数，故谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填cnsists f。
【59题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：欧洲上空乌云密布，战争即将爆发。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“爆发”，用动词短语break ut，动词不定式符号t后用动词原形，故填break ut。
【60题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：从山顶俯瞰的美景一定会吸引所有人。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“吸引”，用动词短语appeal t，动词不定式符号t后用动词原形，故填appeal t。
第三节 补全句子(共5题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据中文提示和所给的英文部分完成下列句子。
61. 无论学习有多艰难，我们都要坚持追寻自己的梦想。
____________________，we shuld insist n ____________________ .
【答案】 ①. N matter hw difficult learning may be ②. pursuing ur dreams
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和状语从句。第一空根据句意，“无论学习有多艰难”应是N matter hw difficult learning may be，n matter hw引导让步状语从句；第二空“追寻自己的梦想”应是pursue ur dreams，介词n后接动词时用动名词形式。故填①N matter hw difficult learning may be；②pursuing ur dreams。
62. 最让我们印象深刻的是，全红婵小小年纪就赢得了奥运金牌。
____________________ abut Quan Hngchan is _________________ an Olympic gld medal at such a yung age.
【答案】 ①. What impresses us mst ②. that she wn
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句和表语从句。第一空根据句意，“最让我们印象深刻”是what impresses us mst，what引导主语从句，因指的是现在的事情，故用一般现在时，单词what在句首，首字母大写；第二空“她赢得了”应是she wn，因事情已发生，故用一般过去时，be动词后接表语从句，从句结构和意思完整，用连接词that引导从句。故填What impresses us mst；that she wn。
63. 当被问及她的近期计划，她说想请人将房子装修一下。(状语从句的省略)
_______________ abut her recent plan，she said she was cnsidering ___________ her huse ______________.
【答案】 ①. When asked ②. having ③. decrated
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句的省略、非谓语动词。由所给句意可知，空格①处应表达“当被问及”，可以理解为“当她被问及”应是when she was asked。状语从句的省略条件：1.主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；2. 从句主要动词是be的某种形式；两个条件满足，可以省略从句的主语和系动词。故①用When asked，单词when在句首，首字母大写。“将房子装修一下”可以理解为“使得房子被装修一下”，her huse与decrate“装修”为被动关系，故用过去分词decrated，作宾补，故用have her huse decrated。cnsider意为“考虑”时，后接动名词形式，故用having，作宾语。故填：① When asked ② having ③ decrated。
64. 直到匆忙赶到会议室，他才得知会议已经延期了。
Nt until he hurried t the meeting-rm __________ the meeting ___________.
【答案】 ①. did he learn ②. had been pstpned
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、倒装和语态。根据句意，“他”应是he，“得知”应是learn。根据句意和前文中hurried可知，句子要用一般过去时，故用过去式learned。nt nly置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装，故本句将助动词did置于主语He前，构成部分倒装。pstpne“延期”发生在learned之前，且meeting与pstpne之间是动宾关系，故“会议已经延期了”要用过去完成时的被动语态，故用had been pstpned。故填 ① did he learn ② had been pstpned。
65. 有那么多的问题要解决，我想今天会是最忙碌的一天了。
With _______________,I suppsed I wuld never spend ____________ than tday
【答案】 ①. s many prblems t slve ②. a busier day
【解析】
【详解】考查with的复合结构以及形容词的比较级。对比中英文可知，缺少“问题”为prblem，在with的复合结构中作宾语，表示“要解决”为动词不定式t slve，表示将来要发生的动作，且在“with+宾语+宾补”的结构中作宾补，故第一个设空处为s many prblems t slve；第二个设空处缺少“是最忙碌的一天”此处为否定词never和比较级连用表示最高级的含义，应为a busier day。故填①many prblems t slve ②a busier day。
书面表达 (满分 30 分)
66. 假定你是李华，你的美国朋友 Peter 来信说下个月要来中国旅游，让你给他推荐一个你觉得最值得去的城市。请给他回信，内容包括城市简介和推荐理由等信息。
注意：
(1)词数 120 左右，开头与结尾已给，不计入词数；
(2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter,
Hw is everything ging?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Peter,
Hw is everything ging? What a surprise it is t hear that yu will visit China next mnth! Knwing that yu are interested in Chinese culture, I’d like t recmmend my favrite city, Suzhu t yu.
Suzhu, regarded as the Venice f the East, is a charming city lcated in the sutheast f Jiangsu Prvince. Listed by UNESCO as a wrld cultural heritage, the Classical Gardens are the symbl f the city, where yu can get a better knwledge f China. Thugh nt very large, these gardens are unique in their designs, bringing tgether the beauty f nature, architecture and painting.
Wish yu a pleasant travel and I suppse that yu will never regret cming t China.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给美国朋友 Peter写信，推荐一个考生觉得最值得去的城市，内容包括城市简介和推荐理由等信息。
【详解】1.词汇积累
参观：visit→ pay a visit t
对……感兴趣：be interested in→ g in fr
推荐：recmmend→ nminate
迷人的：charming→ fascinating
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Knwing that yu are interested in Chinese culture, I’d like t recmmend my favrite city, Suzhu t yu.
拓展句：Because I knw that yu are interested in Chinese culture, I’d like t recmmend my favrite city, Suzhu t yu.
【点睛】【高分句型1】What a surprise it is t hear that yu will visit China next mnth!（运用了what引导的感叹句及that引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】Listed by UNESCO as a wrld cultural heritage, the Classical Gardens are the symbl f the city, where yu can get a better knwledge f China.（运用了where引导的非限制性定语从句）
break ut; be engaged in; be fnd f; appeal t; break dwn; be wrthy f; cnsist f
注意事项：
1．本试卷分全卷满分150分，120分钟内完成，闭卷。
2．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名，准考证号填写在答题卡相应的位置。
3．全部答案应在答题卡上完成，答在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将答题卡交回。
第一部分 阅读理解(共三节，满分75分)
第一节(共10小题，每小题3分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Ida Nelsn was enjying and relaxing in her bath when she heard the thunder f a small airplane circling the nearby airprt. It was 11：30 at night in the Alaskan village f Igiugig, ppulatin 70, and, as she tld the New Yrk Times, “Anytime a plane flies ver that late, yu knw smething is wrng.”
Nelsn and her sister leaped ut f the bath, ran t the windw and saw the prblem: The airprt’s runway lights were ut. Nelsn threw n sme clthes, jumped int her ATV, and flred it t the airprt where she fund a lcal pilt trying t turn n the lights manually. “Nrmally, if yu push the buttn 10 r 15 times, the lights will just light up.” Nt this time.Meanwhile, she and the pilt learned f the plane’s urgent missin: It was a medevac (救伤直升机), there t transprt a seriusly ill lcal girl t the nearest hspital, 280 miles away in Anchrage.
Nelsn had a plan.Driving her ATV t the end f the runway, she switched her headlights n fr the plane t fllw.Great idea, but it wasn’t enugh.Mre light was needed, s a neighbr called nearly every hme in the village - 32 f them. Within 20 minutes, 20 vehicles arrived at the airprt, many f the drivers still in pajamas. Fllwing the directins frm the medevac pilt, the cars lined up n ne side f the runway.
The medevac made its final apprach and, guided by the headlights, landed safely. The yung patient was laded nt the aircraft, and the plane immediately tk ff again. Her illness was never publicly revealed, but she has since recvered and left the hspital.
In a wrld filled with uncertainty, the little cmmunity’s psitive activism is a big deal. Nt s much fr Nelsn.As she tld CNN, in Igiugig, cming tgether is “kind f a nrmal deal.”
1. Hw did Ida Nelsn tell smething wrng happened?
A. By bserving the runway lights.
B. By listening t the sund f the airplane.
C. Thrugh the time the airplane turned up.
D. Thrugh the behavir f the lcal pilt.
2. What was Nelsn’s idea?
A. T light up the runway.
B. T help repair the lights.
C. T call in mre villagers.
D. T turn n mre runway lights.
3. What des the stry intend t shw?
A. Lve makes the wrld g arund.
B. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
C. Nthing is impssible t a willing heart.
D. A small actin can make a big difference.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲解了艾达纳尔逊和她的妹妹帮助救护直升机安全着陆，使得飞机把重病的女孩送到医院，这个故事想告诉我们一个小小的善举可以带来很大的影响。
【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Ida Nelsn was enjying and relaxing in her bath when she heard the thunder f a small airplane circling the nearby airprt.It was 11：30 at night in the Alaskan village f Igiugig, ppulatin 70, and, as she tld the New Yrk Times, “Anytime a plane flies ver that late, yu knw smething is wrng.””(Ida Nelsn在洗澡时正在享受和放松，这时她听到一架小型飞机在附近机场盘旋的雷声。那是阿拉斯加70人口的Igiugig村的晚上11：30，正如她告诉《纽约时报》的那样，“任何时候飞机飞得那么晚，你都知道出了问题。”)可知，Ida Nelsn通过听飞机的声音知道出问题了。故选B项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Nelsn had a plan. Driving her ATV t the end f the runway, she switched her headlights n fr the plane t fllw. Great idea, but it wasn’t enugh. Mre light was needed, s a neighbr called nearly every hme in the village - 32 f them. Within 20 minutes, 20 vehicles arrived at the airprt, many f the drivers still in pajamas. Fllwing the directins frm the medevac pilt, the cars lined up n ne side f the runway.”（Nelsn有一个计划。她把她的ATV开到跑道尽头，打开前灯让飞机跟着走。这是个好主意，但还不够。需要更多的光线，所以一位邻居几乎给村里的每个家庭都打了电话，其中有32个。不到20分钟，20辆车就到达了机场，许多司机仍然穿着睡衣。按照医疗后送飞行员的指示，汽车排成一排在跑道的一侧。）可知，尼尔森的计划是照亮跑道。故选A项。
3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In a wrld filled with uncertainty, the little cmmunity’s psitive activism is a big deal. Nt s much fr Nelsn. As she tld CNN, in Igiugig,cming tgether is “kind f a nrmal deal.””(在一个充满不确定性的世界里，这个小社区的积极行动主义是一件大事。对Nelsn来说就不那么重要了。正如她在Igiugig告诉CNN的那样，团结起来是“一种正常的交易”)可知，这个故事想告诉我们一个小小的善举可以带来很大的影响。故选D项。
B
There’s nthing better than a walk in the cuntryside fr lifting ur spirits. Cnnecting with nature has been prven t help ur mental health. Fr sme, the best tnic is t wander thrugh a frest, but as we admire the trees that surrund us, it’s wrth knwing these trees are ding mre than just being nice things t lk at.
We’re already aware f the healing prperties f trees - they prduce xygen and clean the air we breathe by absrbing abut a quarter f all human-caused carbn dixide emissins. Defrestatin isn’t helping with this which is why s many peple want t save them. But there’s mre t these impressive frms f vegetatin than we might think. Researchers have discvered evidence that prves they are actually intelligent.
It’s thught that trees talk and share resurces right under ur feet, using a netwrk f fungi (真菌). Under the grund are tree rts, and fixed amng them, alng with bacteria, are thusands f superfine threads f fungi. And research has shwn that they are all intercnnected. They can help each ther by sharing nutrients, and they can even warn f appraching threats. Scientists say it’s like the trees are talking t ne anther.
Eclgist Suzanne Simard has called this netwrk the Wd Wide Web. She discvered that parent trees use this netwrk t help their ffspring (后代). Speaking t the BBC, she said: “We fund that the parent trees wuld favur thse seedlings that were f their wn family VS the strangers” by sending them mre nutrients. She als fund that trees are smart enugh t change their behaviur and have managed t adapt and survive in a changing envirnment.
S it seems trees really are the stars f ur natural wrld, and with arund three trillin f them n ur planet, it’s time t shw them sme respect if we want them t flurish.
4. What can we learn frm paragraph 3?
A. Trees share infrmatin by talking.
B. Trees share nutrients thrugh their rts.
C. Trees are cnnected by a netwrk f fungi.
D. Trees cmmunicate with each ther thrugh bacteria.
5. Frm Suzanne Simard, we can knw _________.
A. parent trees mistake strangers fr their ffspring
B. parent trees ffer nutrients t all the seedlings fairly
C. trees can adjust themselves t a changing envirnment
D. trees are s smart that they can change the envirnment
6. Where is the text prbably frm?
A. A health reprt.
B. A science fictin.
C. A travel brchure.
D. A ppular science magazine.
【答案】4. C 5. C 6. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了树木能给人类和大自然带来好处，以及树木之间如何互相帮助，相互交流，共同茁壮成长的。
4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“It’s thught that trees talk and share resurces right under ur feet, using a netwrk f fungi (真菌). (人们认为，树木通过真菌网络在我们脚下交流和共享资源) ”可知，树木是由真菌网络连接起来的。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“She als fund that trees are smart enugh t change their behaviur and have managed t adapt and survive in a changing envirnment. (她还发现，树木足够聪明，能够改变自己的行为，并在不断变化的环境中适应和生存)”可知根据Suzanne Simard，我们可以知道树可以自我调整以适应不断变化的环境。故选C。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，可知文章讲述研究人员发现树木之间有一种智能的交流方式，它们通过地下的真菌网络分享资源和警告潜在威胁。生态学家Suzanne Simard称这个网络为“木质广域网”，她发现树木可以通过这个网络帮助它们的后代，并且能够适应环境的变化。这是与科学相关的内容，所以推测文章可能来自科普杂志。故选D。
C
A smke bmb frm a party started a majr blaze (火焰) near Ls Angeles in September,just ne f many recent wildfires ignited (引燃) by peple. Nw, an analysis f satellite data shws human-caused blazes spread much faster and kill mre trees than nes ignited by lightning.
Fire has always been a part f Califrnia’s natural histry. But several centuries f human settlement have created new cnditins that prmte its spread.Studies have shwn human ignitin is t blame fr 84% f all wildfires in the United States,and 97% f all thse that threaten hmes.
Human-caused fires always seemed mre extreme, says Stijn Hantsn,a fire eclgist at the University f Califrnia,Irvine,wh led the new research. But measurements f hw fast they spread and their impacts n ecsystems (生态系统) in Califrnia had nt been explred, he ntes.
T examine thse differences, Hantsn and his clleagues analyzed satellite data fr 214 wildfires in Califrnia between 2012 and 2018.Human-caused fires typically spread abut 1.83 kilmeters per day, mre than twice as fast as lightning-ignited burns,the team reprts.The faster spreading fires als burned mre vilently and killed “duble r triple” the trees as lightning-caused nes.
Hwever, there is n fundamental difference in the chemistry f a human-caused blaze. “A fire is a fire” Hantsn says. “It’s the surrunding things that matter.” Causes f fires ranging frm imprperly thrwn cigarettes t sparking (冒火花) pwer lines culd ignite a blaze n any given day, he says, while lightning strikes and dry thunderstrms nly happen seasnally.
The researchers tracked meterlgical data and fund that human-caused fires were mre likely t start n days with extreme weather cnditins,and were mre assciated with drier,less-frested landscapes. This adds t scientists’ understanding f hw humans are extending the fire seasn, says Nathan Mietkiewicz, an eclgist with the Natinal Eclgical Observatin Netwrk.
7. The authr uses sme data in paragraph 2 t shw that ________.
A. wildfires are mstly caused by humans
B. mst wildfires threaten peple’s hmes
C. wildfire is a part f Califrnia’s natural histry
D. wildfires break ut frequently in the United States
8. What’s the purpse f Hantsn’s research?
A. T prve hw extreme human-caused fires are.
B. T find ut the causes and slutins f wildfires.
C. T explre the speed and effects f wildfires caused by humans.
D. T examine the differences between a human-caused blaze and a nature-caused ne.
9. Hw is the result presented in paragraph 4?
A. By giving examples.
B. By making cmparisns.
C. By analyzing cause and effect.
D. By giving definitins.
10. What can be inferred frm the last tw paragraphs?
A. Human-caused fires and lightning-caused fires are basically different.
B. Lightning strikes and thunderstrms can always lead t wildfires.
C. Wildfires nly happen in dry,less-frested areas.
D. Humans are t blame fr the extended fire seasn.
【答案】7. A 8. C 9. B 10. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇短文主要介绍了人为引发的火灾比起由闪电引发的火灾传播更快，对生态系统的影响更大。研究人员通过分析卫星数据发现，在加利福尼亚州的214起火灾中，人为引发的火灾每天传播大约1.83公里，比闪电引发的火灾传播速度快两倍。人为引发的火灾还更加猛烈，对树木的破坏程度是闪电引发火灾的两到三倍。此外，研究人员还发现，人为引发的火灾更容易在极端天气条件下发生，并且更多发生在干燥、森林覆盖较少的地区。这些研究结果有助于科学家们对人类如何延长火灾季节的理解。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Studies have shwn human ignitin is t blame fr 84% f all wildfires in the United States, and 97% f all thse that threaten hmes(研究表明，美国84%的野火和97%的威胁家园的野火都是人为点火造成的)”可知，作者在第二段中使用了一些数据来表明野火大多是由人类引起的。故选A。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“But measurements f hw fast they spread and their impacts n ecsystems (生态系统) in Califrnia had nt been explred, he ntes.(但他指出，没有人研究过它们传播速度有多快，以及它们对加州生态系统的影响。)”及第四段“Human-caused fires typically spread abut 1.83 kilmeters per day, mre than twice as fast as lightning-ignited burns, the team reprts(人为引起的火灾通常每天蔓延约1.83公里，比闪电燃烧的速度快两倍多。)可知，汉森研究的目的是探索人类引起的野火的速度和影响。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Human-caused fires typically spread abut 1.83 kilmeters per day, mre than twice as fast as lightning-ignited burns, the team reprts.The faster spreading fires als burned mre vilently and killed “duble r triple” the trees as lightning-caused nes. (研究小组报告称，人为引起的火灾通常每天蔓延约1.83公里，比闪电燃烧的速度快两倍多。火势蔓延得更快，燃烧得也更猛烈，闪电造成的树木死亡的数量是树木的“两倍或三倍”) ”可知，第四段主要通过对比来展示结果。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“This adds t scientists’ understanding f hw humans are extending the fire seasn, says Nathan Mietkiewicz, an eclgist with the Natinal Eclgical Observatin Netwrk(这增加了科学家对人类如何延长火灾季节的理解，”国家生态观察网络的生态学家内森·米特凯维奇说)”可推断，火灾季节延长应归咎于人类。故选D。
第二节 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。(共5小题;每小题3分，满分15分)
Let’s be hnest: it can be hard t get mtivated t d yur schlwrk even in the best f times. S finding the mtivatin, while yu’re learning frm hme, is extra challenging. Here are a few tips that culd prmte yur mtivatin.
Guard Yur Time
Yu d nt need large amunts f time t be prductive.____11____Prtect these pen times by setting up yur wrkspace t reduce distractins, including silencing ntificatins n yur cellphne r laptp.
Determine Hw Much Wrk Is Needed
____12____because there is a limit t hw much infrmatin yu can recall and prcess at ne time. Examine the remaining prjects, and estimate the amunt and type f effrt each requires.
Break Large Prjects int Smaller Ones
Breaking big prjects int smaller and mre manageable tasks allws yu t achieve the greatest efficiency and effectiveness.Yur given tasks shuld fllw a lgical rder.____13____
Set Gals
Set gals related t effrt. Fr example, plan t spend 60 minutes at a specific time f the day studying a pre-determined cncept. Als, set gals related t the cmpletin f specific tasks r prjects.____14____
Identify the Rewards
It pays t clarify the rewards at the end f each term, whether thse rewards are internal (内部的), such as the feeling f achievement that cmes frm understanding a difficult cncept well, r external (外部的), such as getting a gd grade.
Wrk t build gd habits and strategies nw.____15____
A. It will certainly pay ff in the future.
B. Remember t wrk as quickly as pssible,
C. Write dwn the wrk yu need t achieve,
D. Therefre, yu can chse hw t make gd use f yur wn time.
E. Als, making a list and crssing things ff that list is really satisfying.
F. Instead be fcused in shrt blcks when yu can wrk withut interruptin.
G. Fr instance finish reading a specific article fr a certain paper yu must write befre a certain time.
【答案】11. F 12. C 13. E 14. G 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。针对学生在家学习缺乏动力，文章给出了五点建议。
【11题详解】
上文“Yu d nt need large amunts f time t be prductive.(你不需要大量的时间来提高效率。)”提出效率与时间的多少无关，F项“Instead be fcused in shrt blcks when yu can wrk withut interruptin.(相反，当你可以不受干扰地工作时，把注意力集中在短时间内。)”提出正确建议：在短时间内集中注意力，说明效率与注意力相关，与上文构成对比关系。故选F项。
【12题详解】
根据下文“because there is a limit t hw much infrmatin yu can recall and prcess at ne time.(因为你一次能回忆和处理的信息量是有限的。)”中连词because可知，设空句和下文之间是因果关系。“一次能回忆和处理的信息量是有限的”是“Write dwn the wrk yu need t achieve(写下你需要完成的工作)”的原因。故选C项。
【13题详解】
上文“Breaking big prjects int smaller and mre manageable tasks allws yu t achieve the greatest efficiency and effectiveness. Yur given tasks shuld fllw a lgical rder.(把大项目分解成更小、更易于管理的任务，可以让你获得最大的效率和效果。你指定的任务应该遵循逻辑顺序。)”建议分解项目，并给任务排序。E项“Als, making a list and crssing things ff that list is really satisfying.(此外，列一个清单并把清单上的东西划掉真的很令人满意。)”承接上文，建议给分解的任务列清单，并享受划掉完成的任务带来的满足感，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。
【14题详解】
上文“Als, set gals related t the cmpletin f specific tasks r prjects.(此外，设定与完成特定任务或项目相关的目标。)”建议设定与任务或项目相关的目标，G项“Fr instance, finish reading a specific article fr a certain paper yu must write befre a certain time.(例如，在特定的时间内完成你必须写的某篇论文的特定文章。)”进行举例说明，句中“a specific article fr a certain paper”与上文“specific tasks r prjects”相照应。故选G项。
【15题详解】
上文“Wrk t build gd habits and strategies nw.(从现在开始努力建立良好的习惯和策略。)”号召开始建立良好的习惯和策略，A项“It will certainly pay ff in the future.(将来肯定会有回报的。)”说明这样做的结果，句中时间状语“in the future”与上文“nw”相照应。故选A项。
第三节 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A，B，C，D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)
Tim Rbinsn, a frmer sldier f the British Army, was n hliday in Bridprt, Drset. While enjying a walk dwn the beach, Rbinsn ____16____ n a piece f seaweed lying in the sand and fell, breaking his ____17____.With n phne and n ne arund, he culd either just ___18___ anxiusly, r he culd try smething else. As he lay ___19___, he remembered his ____20____ training and thught abut what he culd d.
Thugh his leg had made him partially ____21____ t mve, Rbinsn still had the ability t crawl (爬), and s he did. The chice was easy but the crawl was ____22____.Having crawled fr a while, he started ____23____ his trch in SOS and spinning it ver his head t create a Buzz-Saw signal t ____24____ helicpters in the armed frces nearby.
N ne seemed t be arund. S he ___25___ crawling and signaling. In what appeared t be a(n) ____26____, Rbinsn finally gt a respnse. It was his wife, wh was shining the trch ____27____ his signal. The frmer sldier kept n his crawling-signal rutine while ____28____ his way t his wife. All the while his brken leg hurt increasingly wrse and was at risk f infectin. He needed an ambulance and medical care____29____.
When the cast guard finally came, they culdn’t believe what Rbinsn had ____30____.They were ____31____ that this man had the ____32____ t crawl mre than a mile in ttal, after suffering such a wund.
___33___ it weren’t fr his training and knwledge f Mrse cde, he might nt have ____34____ it. Mrs. Rbinsn is grateful that her husband was ____35____ and tugh enugh t bring himself back t safety.
16.
A. ranB. fellC. slippedD. crashed
17.
A. legB. backC. ankleD. heart
18.
A. waitB. sitC. cryD. listen
19.
A. painfulB. helplessC. awakeD. frightened
20.
A. sprtsB. medicalC. militaryD. financial
21.
A. unableB. unhealthyC. uninterestedD. unnecessary
22.
A. lngB. tughC. aimlessD. pintless
23.
A. shwingB. shakingC. flashingD. raising
24.
A. seekB. guideC. remindD. attract
25.
A. stppedB. cntinuedC. avidedD. practised
26.
A. hurB. weekC. mnthD. lifetime
27
A. in spite fB. as a result fC. in respnse tD. in cntrast t
28.
A. makingB. findingC. lsingD. feeling
29.
A. eventuallyB. frequentlyC. cnstantlyD. immediately
30.
A. waited frB. cme acrssC. brught abutD. gne thrugh
31.
A. relievedB. amazedC. satisfiedD. cnfused
32.
A. attitudeB. advantageC. respnsibilityD. determinatin
33.
A. IfB. BecauseC. UnlessD. Thugh
34.
A. gtB. madeC. takenD. passed
35.
A. carefulB. helpfulC. brightD. useful
【答案】16. C 17. A 18. A 19. B 20. C 21. A 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. D 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了罗宾逊在沙滩受伤后想办法求救的过程。
【16题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在沙滩上散步时，罗宾逊踩到沙滩上的一片海藻滑倒了，摔断了腿。A. ran跑；B. fell落下；C. slipped滑倒；D. crashed撞击。根据后文“n a piece f seaweed lying in the sand and fell, breaking his 2 .”和后文“Rbinsn still had the ability t crawl (爬)，and s he did.”可知，当鲁滨孙在沙滩上散步时，他滑倒了，摔断了腿。故答案为C。
17题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在沙滩上散步时，罗宾逊踩到沙滩上的一片海藻滑倒了，摔断了腿。A. leg腿；B. back背；C. ankle脚踝；D. heart心。根据后文“Rbinsn still had the ability t crawl (爬)，and s he did.”可知罗宾逊不得不爬行，说明他摔断了腿。故答案为A。
【18题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有电话，身边也没有人，他只能焦急地等待，或者尝试其他方法。A. wait等待；B. sit坐；C. cry哭；D. listen听。根据上文“With n phne and n ne arund”可知没有电话，周围也没有人，他要么焦急地等待，要么尝试其他方法。故答案为A。
【19题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他无助地躺在地上时，他想起了他的军事训练，想着他能做些什么。A. painful痛苦的；B. helpless无助的；C. awake醒着的；D.frightened害怕的。根据上文“While enjying a walk dwn the beach, Rbinsn 1 a piece f seaweed lying in the sand and fell, breaking his 2.”和“With n phne and n ne arund”可知没有电话，周围也没有人，说明他非常无助。故答案为B。
【20题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他无助地躺在地上时，他想起了他的军事训练，想着他能做些什么。A. sprts体育运动的；B. medical医学的；C. military军事的；D. financial经济上的。根据前文“Tim Rbinsn, a frmer sldier f the British Army, was n hliday in Bridprt, Drset.”可知，罗宾逊是英国陆军的一名退役士兵，说明他接受过军事训练。故答案为C。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然他的腿使他行动受限，但罗宾逊仍然有爬行的能力，所以他做到了。A. unable不能的；B. unhealthy不健康的；C. uninterested不感兴趣的；D. unnecessary不必的。根据下文“Rbinsn still had the ability t crawl (爬)，and s he did.”可知，鲁宾逊仍然有爬行的能力，他也确实这样做了。说明他的腿受伤，使他部分身体不能移动。故答案为A。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：选择很容易，但爬行却很艰难。A. lng长的；B. tugh困难的；C. aimless无目的的；D. pintless没有意义的。根据上文“The chice was easy (选择是容易的)”和表示转折的but，可知爬行是艰难的。故答案为B。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：爬了一段时间后，他开始用手电筒发出求救信号，并在头上旋转，以制造一个拉锯信号，吸引附近武装部队的直升机。A. shwing展示；B. shaking晃动；C. flashing亮灯发送；D. raising提升。根据空后“his trch in SOS”可知，爬了一段时间后，他开始用手电筒发出求救信号。故答案为C。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：爬了一段时间后，他开始用手电筒发出求救信号，并在头上旋转，以制造一个拉锯信号，吸引附近武装部队的直升机。A. seek寻求；B. guide指导；C. remind提醒；D. attract吸引。根据空后“helicpters in the armed frces nearby”可知，他用手电筒发出求救信号，目的是吸引附近武装部队的直升机。故答案为D。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以他继续爬行和发信号。A. stpped停止；B. cntinued继续；C. avided避免；D. practised练习。根据上句“N ne seemed t be arund.”可知，似乎没有人在附近。说明他不得不继续爬行并发出信号。故答案为B。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：差不多过了一个小时，罗宾逊终于得到了回应。A. hur小时；B. week周；C. mnth月；D. lifetime一生。根据前文“N ne seemed t be arund. S he 10 crawling and signaling.”和常识可知，他爬的时间不可能过长，说明他大概爬了一个小时。故答案为A。
【27题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：正是他的妻子在响应他的信号而使得手电筒闪烁。A. in spite f尽管；B. as a result f由于；C. in respnse t对……做出回应；D. in cntrast t比较。根据前文“In what appeared t be a(n) 11, Rbinsn finally gt a respnse.”可知，爬了一段时间后，罗宾逊终于得到了回应，说明他的妻子回应了他。故答案为C。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位退伍军人在向他的妻子爬去的时候，仍然保持着他的爬行信号。A. making制作；B. finding发现；C. lsing丢失；D. feeling感觉。根据后文“his way t his wife.”可知，本空用making。make ne’s way t“向……前进”，有经过相当的努力从一个地方到另外一个地方的意思。故答案为A。
【29题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他立刻需要救护车和医疗护理。A. eventually最后；B. frequently频繁地；C. cnstantly持续地；D. immediately立刻。根据空前“All the while his brken leg hurt increasingly wrse and was at risk f infectin. He needed an ambulance and medical care”可知，他立刻需要一辆救护车和医疗护理。故答案为D。
30题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：当海岸警卫队最终赶到时，他们简直不敢相信罗宾逊所经受的一切。A. waited fr等待；B. cme acrss偶遇；C. brught abut导致；D. gne thrugh经历。根据下文“They were 16 that this man had the 17 t crawl mre than a mile in ttal, after suffering such a wund.”可知，罗宾逊在受了这样的伤后，有决心爬一英里多。说明罗宾逊经受了很多痛苦。故答案为D。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们很惊讶，这个人在受了这样的伤之后，还有决心爬一英里多。A. relieved宽慰的；B. amazed惊讶的；C. satisfied满意的；D. cnfused困惑的。根据下文“this man had the 17 t crawl mre than a mile in ttal, after suffering such a wund.”可知，罗宾逊在受了这样的伤后，有决心爬一英里多，他们感到惊讶。故答案为B。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们很惊讶，这个人在受了这样的伤之后，还有决心爬一英里多。A. attitude态度；B. advantage优势；C. respnsibility责任；D. determinatin决心。根据下文“crawl mre than a mile in ttal, after suffering such a wund.”可知，罗宾逊在受了这样的伤后，爬一英里多，他很有决心。故答案为 D。
【33题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：如果没有他的训练和对摩尔斯电码的了解，他可能不会成功。A. If如果；B. Because因为；C. Unless除非；D. Thugh尽管。根据下文“it weren’t”可知，这是if引导的虚拟条件句。故答案为A。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果没有他的训练和对摩尔斯电码的了解，他可能不会成功。A. gt得到；B. made制作；C. taken带走；D. passed经过。根据空后的it和句意可知，本空用made。make it“成功”，为固定短语。故答案为B。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：罗宾逊太太很感激她的丈夫聪明又坚强，把自己带到了安全的地方。A. careful小心的；B. helpful乐于助人的；C. bright聪明的；D. useful有用的。根据上文“18 it weren’t fr his training and knwledge f Mrse cde, he might nt have 19 it.”可知，罗宾逊足够聪明和坚强，让自己回到了安全的地方。故答案为C。
第二部分 语言知识与应用(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Mre than 11,000 scientists frm 153 cuntries have sunded the alarm n climate change. In a paper ________36________ (publish) last week in the jurnal BiScience, they signed a declaratin (声明) stating clearly that planet Earth is facing a climate emergency, saying that if n changes ________37________ (make), the wrld will face untld suffering. The evidence that the scientists cllected reveals an undeniable truth______38______ human activities have been causing glbal warming frm the fast rise f fssil fuel cnsumptin_____39_____ the increase in greenhuse gas emissins (排放) ver the past 40 years.
The scientists als gave sme instructins t fight against glbal warming, _____40_____ (prpse) six actins t prevent further disasters: stabilizing ppulatin _______41_______(grw) by investing int family-planning services and girls’ educatin, replacing fssil fuels, cutting the emissins f climate pllutants, eating less meat, restring and prtecting ecsystems, and building ____42____carbn-free ecnmy.
The scientists say the climate crisis is _______43_______ (clse) related t human activities, s they call n peple ________44________ (change) their life styles. But these measures are cmparatively abstract.________45________, it is high time fr plicymakers t figure ut mre practical measures that can bring dwn carbn emissins.
【答案】36. published
37. are made
38. that 39. t
40. prpsing
41. grwth 42. a
43. clsely
44. t change
45. Therefre
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了多名科学家对气候变化发出了警告，明确指出地球正面临气候紧急情况，并解释了原因。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在上周发表在《生物科学》杂志上的一篇论文中，他们签署了一份声明，明确指出地球正面临气候紧急情况，如果不做出改变，世界将面临无尽的痛苦。分析句子结构可知，signed为主句谓语，故空处缺少非谓语，paper和publish“发表”之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词published作后置定语。故填published。
【37题详解】
考查时态及语态。句意：在上周发表在《生物科学》杂志上的一篇论文中，他们签署了一份声明，明确指出地球正面临气候紧急情况，如果不做出改变，世界将面临无尽的痛苦。分析句子结构可知，if引导条件状语从句，主句使用一般将来时，故条件状语从句使用一般现在时，且主语changes和make“做出”之间是被动关系，因此使用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are made。
【38题详解】
考查同位语从句。句意：科学家收集的证据揭示了一个不可否认的事实，即在过去的40年里，从化石燃料消耗的快速增长到温室气体排放的增加，人类活动一直在导致全球变暖。分析句子结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，解释说明truth，且同位语从句中不缺少成分和含义，故用引导词that。故填that。
【39题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：科学家收集的证据揭示了一个不可否认的事实，即在过去的40年里，从化石燃料消耗的快速增长到温室气体排放的增加，人类活动一直在导致全球变暖。结合句意和空前的frm可知，本空填介词t，为固定搭配，意为“从……到……”。故填t。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家们还对应对全球变暖给出了一些指示，提出了防止进一步灾难的六项行动：通过投资计划生育服务和女孩教育来稳定人口，取代化石燃料，减少气候污染物的排放，少吃肉，恢复和保护生态系统，建立一种无碳经济。分析句子结构可知，本句谓语为gave，故空处缺少非谓语，且主语scientists和prpse“建议”之间是主动关系，故使用现在分词作状语。故填prpsing。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：科学家们还对应对全球变暖给出了一些指示，提出了防止进一步灾难的六项行动：通过投资计划生育服务和女孩教育来稳定人口，取代化石燃料，减少气候污染物的排放，少吃肉，恢复和保护生态系统，建立一种无碳经济。根据ppulatin可知，此处指的是人口增长，故使用不可数名词形式grwth“增长”。故填grwth。
【42题详解】
考查冠词。句意：科学家们还对应对全球变暖给出了一些指示，提出了防止进一步灾难的六项行动：通过投资计划生育服务和女孩教育来稳定人口，取代化石燃料，减少气候污染物的排放，少吃肉，恢复和保护生态系统，建立一种无碳经济。此处泛指一种无碳经济，且carbn﹣free是以辅音音素开头，故使用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
【43题详解】
考查副词。句意：科学家们说气候危机与人类活动密切相关，因此他们呼吁人们改变生活方式。空处修饰形容词related，要用副词clsely“密切地”，作状语。故填clsely。
【44题详解】
考查不定式。句意：科学家们说气候危机与人类活动密切相关，因此他们呼吁人们改变生活方式。call n sb.t d sth.为固定搭配，意为“呼吁某人做某事”，故本空填change“改变”的不定式形式t change，作宾补。故填t change。
【45题详解】
考查副词。句意：因此，现在是政策制定者制定更切实可行的措施来降低碳排放的时候了。根据上文“But these measures are cmparatively abstract. (但这些措施相对抽象。)”和空后的“it is high time fr plicymakers t figure ut mre practical measures that can bring dwn carbn emissins. (现在是政策制定者制定更切实可行的措施来降低碳排放的时候了。)”可知，二者之间是因果关系，故用副词Therefre“因此”，位于句首，单词首字母大写。故填Therefre。
第三部分 基础知识(共三节，满分30分)
第一节 单词拼写
根据中文提示用一个单词填入下列句子，使句意完整。(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
46. Many students suffer frm ____________ (焦虑) befre taking an exam. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】anxiety
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：许多学生在参加考试前都感到焦虑。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用不可数名词anxiety“焦虑”，作frm的宾语。故填anxiety。
47. Lily felt ____________ (羞耻) f what she did and hid her face in her hands. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】ashamed
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：莉莉为自己的行为感到羞愧，用手捂住了脸。根据汉语提示可知应填形容词ashamed ，作表语。故填ashamed。
48. The writer gave us a lecture and described the scene in a __________ (生动的)way. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】vivid
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：作家给我们做了一个讲座，并生动地描述了当时的情景。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用形容词vivid“生动的”，作定语，修饰way。故填vivid。
49. ________________ (陪伴) by his parents, the little by had a wnderful day in Disneyland. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】Accmpanied
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：在父母的陪伴下，小男孩在迪斯尼乐园度过了美好的一天。根据汉语提示“陪伴”可知，此处应用动词accmpany，分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，动词accmpany与其逻辑主语the little by之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母应大写。故填Accmpanied。
50. Lee is s ______________(雄心壮志的)that he wn’t lse heart when facing difficulties. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】ambitius
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：李很有野心，遇到困难也不会灰心。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用形容词ambitius“雄心壮志的”，位于系动词is后，作表语。故填ambitius。
51. This is true _______________(不管) f hw imprtant yur task may seem. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】regardless
【解析】
【详解】考查短语。句意：不管你的任务看起来有多重要，这都是事实。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用regardless，构成固定短语regardless f“不管”。故填regardless。
52. It was s cld that I felt I was ging t ___________ (冻僵) t death. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】freeze
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：天气太冷了，我觉得自己快要冻死了。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用动词freeze“冻僵”，freeze t death为固定搭配“冻死”，不定式符号t后加动词原形。故填freeze。
53. They have made an ___________ (紧急的) request fr internatinal aid. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】urgent
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他们已紧急请求国际援助。根据括号内词义，根据句意及汉语提示“紧急的”可知为urgent，形容词urgent作定语修饰名词request。故填urgent。
54. Thugh he seldm received ________________ (认可) frm thers，he never gave up his dream t be a painter.
【答案】recgnitin
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：尽管他很少得到别人的认可，但他从未放弃成为一名画家的梦想。根据句意和汉语提示可知此空使用名词recgnitin“认可”作宾语，不可数名词。故填recgnitin。
55. Tu Yuyu is ____________ (致力于) t medical research all her life. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】devted
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：屠呦呦一生致力于医学研究。根据句意及汉语提示“致力于……”可知，用短语be devted t表示，所以空格处应该用形容词devted作表语。故填devted。
第二节 短语填空(共5题;每小题2分，满分10分)
用所给短语的恰当形式填入下列句子，使其意义完整。有两个短语多余。
56. Open cnversatins helped t ________________ the barrier between the tw grups.
57. Dr. Yuan Lngping _____________ develping super hybrid rice thrughut his life.
58. A balanced diet __________________ a variety f fds with different nutrients.
59. Dark cluds were gathering in the skies ver Eurpe. War was sn t ____________.
60. The fantastic view frm the tp f the muntain is sure t ____________ everyne.
【答案】56. break dwn
57. was engaged in
58. cnsists f
59. break ut
60. appeal t
【解析】
【56题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：公开对话有助于打破两组人之间的隔阂。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“打破”，用动词短语break dwn，动词不定式符号t后用动词原形。故填break dwn。
【57题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：袁隆平博士一生致力于超级杂交水稻的研制。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“致力于”，用动词短语be engaged in，根据实际可知本句用一般过去时，且主语Dr.Yuan Lngping为第三人称单数，故be动词用was。故填was engaged in。
【58题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：均衡饮食包括各种营养成分不同的食物。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“包括”，用动词短语cnsist f，结合句意可知本句说明事实，故用一般现在时，且主语A balanced diet为第三人称单数，故谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填cnsists f。
【59题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：欧洲上空乌云密布，战争即将爆发。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“爆发”，用动词短语break ut，动词不定式符号t后用动词原形，故填break ut。
【60题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：从山顶俯瞰的美景一定会吸引所有人。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“吸引”，用动词短语appeal t，动词不定式符号t后用动词原形，故填appeal t。
第三节 补全句子(共5题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据中文提示和所给的英文部分完成下列句子。
61. 无论学习有多艰难，我们都要坚持追寻自己的梦想。
____________________，we shuld insist n ____________________ .
【答案】 ①. N matter hw difficult learning may be ②. pursuing ur dreams
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和状语从句。第一空根据句意，“无论学习有多艰难”应是N matter hw difficult learning may be，n matter hw引导让步状语从句；第二空“追寻自己的梦想”应是pursue ur dreams，介词n后接动词时用动名词形式。故填①N matter hw difficult learning may be；②pursuing ur dreams。
62. 最让我们印象深刻的是，全红婵小小年纪就赢得了奥运金牌。
____________________ abut Quan Hngchan is _________________ an Olympic gld medal at such a yung age.
【答案】 ①. What impresses us mst ②. that she wn
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句和表语从句。第一空根据句意，“最让我们印象深刻”是what impresses us mst，what引导主语从句，因指的是现在的事情，故用一般现在时，单词what在句首，首字母大写；第二空“她赢得了”应是she wn，因事情已发生，故用一般过去时，be动词后接表语从句，从句结构和意思完整，用连接词that引导从句。故填What impresses us mst；that she wn。
63. 当被问及她的近期计划，她说想请人将房子装修一下。(状语从句的省略)
_______________ abut her recent plan，she said she was cnsidering ___________ her huse ______________.
【答案】 ①. When asked ②. having ③. decrated
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句的省略、非谓语动词。由所给句意可知，空格①处应表达“当被问及”，可以理解为“当她被问及”应是when she was asked。状语从句的省略条件：1.主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；2. 从句主要动词是be的某种形式；两个条件满足，可以省略从句的主语和系动词。故①用When asked，单词when在句首，首字母大写。“将房子装修一下”可以理解为“使得房子被装修一下”，her huse与decrate“装修”为被动关系，故用过去分词decrated，作宾补，故用have her huse decrated。cnsider意为“考虑”时，后接动名词形式，故用having，作宾语。故填：① When asked ② having ③ decrated。
64. 直到匆忙赶到会议室，他才得知会议已经延期了。
Nt until he hurried t the meeting-rm __________ the meeting ___________.
【答案】 ①. did he learn ②. had been pstpned
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、倒装和语态。根据句意，“他”应是he，“得知”应是learn。根据句意和前文中hurried可知，句子要用一般过去时，故用过去式learned。nt nly置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装，故本句将助动词did置于主语He前，构成部分倒装。pstpne“延期”发生在learned之前，且meeting与pstpne之间是动宾关系，故“会议已经延期了”要用过去完成时的被动语态，故用had been pstpned。故填 ① did he learn ② had been pstpned。
65. 有那么多的问题要解决，我想今天会是最忙碌的一天了。
With _______________,I suppsed I wuld never spend ____________ than tday
【答案】 ①. s many prblems t slve ②. a busier day
【解析】
【详解】考查with的复合结构以及形容词的比较级。对比中英文可知，缺少“问题”为prblem，在with的复合结构中作宾语，表示“要解决”为动词不定式t slve，表示将来要发生的动作，且在“with+宾语+宾补”的结构中作宾补，故第一个设空处为s many prblems t slve；第二个设空处缺少“是最忙碌的一天”此处为否定词never和比较级连用表示最高级的含义，应为a busier day。故填①many prblems t slve ②a busier day。
书面表达 (满分 30 分)
66. 假定你是李华，你的美国朋友 Peter 来信说下个月要来中国旅游，让你给他推荐一个你觉得最值得去的城市。请给他回信，内容包括城市简介和推荐理由等信息。
注意：
(1)词数 120 左右，开头与结尾已给，不计入词数；
(2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter,
Hw is everything ging?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Peter,
Hw is everything ging? What a surprise it is t hear that yu will visit China next mnth! Knwing that yu are interested in Chinese culture, I’d like t recmmend my favrite city, Suzhu t yu.
Suzhu, regarded as the Venice f the East, is a charming city lcated in the sutheast f Jiangsu Prvince. Listed by UNESCO as a wrld cultural heritage, the Classical Gardens are the symbl f the city, where yu can get a better knwledge f China. Thugh nt very large, these gardens are unique in their designs, bringing tgether the beauty f nature, architecture and painting.
Wish yu a pleasant travel and I suppse that yu will never regret cming t China.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给美国朋友 Peter写信，推荐一个考生觉得最值得去的城市，内容包括城市简介和推荐理由等信息。
【详解】1.词汇积累
参观：visit→ pay a visit t
对……感兴趣：be interested in→ g in fr
推荐：recmmend→ nminate
迷人的：charming→ fascinating
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Knwing that yu are interested in Chinese culture, I’d like t recmmend my favrite city, Suzhu t yu.
拓展句：Because I knw that yu are interested in Chinese culture, I’d like t recmmend my favrite city, Suzhu t yu.
【点睛】【高分句型1】What a surprise it is t hear that yu will visit China next mnth!（运用了what引导的感叹句及that引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】Listed by UNESCO as a wrld cultural heritage, the Classical Gardens are the symbl f the city, where yu can get a better knwledge f China.（运用了where引导的非限制性定语从句）
break ut; be engaged in; be fnd f; appeal t; break dwn; be wrthy f; cnsist f
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