高中英语2024届高考复习过去分词在写作中的运用知识讲解

过去分词在写作中的运用一、必备语法知识1.过去分词V-ed既有形容词和副词的特征，所以可在句中做定语状语补语等成分；eg:过去分词作定语a forced smile.一个勉强的微笑2.也保留有动词的特征，因此在句中可有自己的状语和逻辑主语eg: I heard my name called.我听见有人叫我的名字。过去分词called在句中作宾补过去分词called的逻辑主语是my name3.带双宾语的及物动词构成的过去分词还可有自己的宾语。4.过去分词V-ed形式的否定形式：在其前加not5.过去分词常表示动作已完成/被动关系二、过去分词在写作中的运用（一）过去分词作定语1单个的过去分词作定语常位于被修饰的名词前eg: a retired teacher 一位退休的老师换成定语成句：a teacher who is retired2过去分词短语作定语则位于被修饰的名词后eg:a book written by Mo Yan一本莫言写的书换成定语从句：a book which is written by Mo Yan3过去分词作定语组成的高频写作短语写人：a frightened expression一个惊恐的表情a satisfied smile 一个满意的微笑mixed feelings复杂的情感 （喜忧参半）swollen eyes 肿胀的眼睛excited children兴奋的孩子the exhausted athletea worried look 担忧的表情an injured finger 一个受伤的手指terrified people受到惊吓的人们写物：a broken cup一个破碎的杯子polluted water被污染的水写景：faded flowers凋谢的花fallen leaves落叶the risen sun升起的太阳（二）过去分词作状语过去分词在句中可以作状语，表示时间、原因、方式或伴随1作时间状语（1）过去分词作时间状语，可在过去分词前加when等连词Seen from the hill, the village looks beautiful.= When seen from the hill, the village looks beautiful.注意：此时为状语从句的省略。省略的是主语和be动词。补充完整为：When the village is seen from the hill, the village looks beautiful.从山上看时，这个村庄看起来很漂亮。（2）状语从句的省略条件：当主从句主语一致，且从句谓语动词部分含有be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词。请把下列句子分别改为省略句和过去分词作状语的句子：exercise1：When she was asked about the address, the girl didn’t respond.改写为状语从句的省略句：__________________________________________改为过去分词作状语：__________________________________________answers:状语从句的省略：When asked about the address, the girl didn’t respond.过去分词作状语：Asked about the address, the girl didn’t respond.exercise2:When you are invited to have dinner at home by a Chinese friend, you should arrive on time or ahead of time.改写为状语从句的省略句：__________________________________________改为过去分词作状语：___________________________________________answers:状语从句的省略：When invited to have dinner at home by a Chinese friend, you should arrive on time or ahead of time.过去分词作状语：Invited to have dinner at home by a Chinese friend, you should arrive on time or ahead of time.2.作原因状语过去分词作原因状语时，常位于句首(1).Satisfied with what he did, the teacher praised Tom in class.由于对他的行为感到满意，老师在班上表扬了Tom.可换为原因状语从句：Because the teacher was satisfied with what he did, the teacher praised Tom in class.(2).Motivated by the astronaut’s story, Jeff determined to pursue his space dream.由于受到这位宇航员的故事的鼓舞，Jeff决定追求他的太空梦换成状语从句：__________________________________________answer:Because he was motivated by the astronaut’s story, Jeff determined to pursue his space dream.（3）Frightened by the noise in the midnight, the boy was frozen with fear.由于被午夜的声响惊到，这个男孩吓得一动不动。换成状语从句：__________________________________________answer:Because he was frightened by the noise in the midnight, the boy was frozen with fear.(4)Choked by the heavy smoke, they could barely breathe.由于被浓烟呛到，他们几乎不能呼吸了。换成状语从句：___________________________________________answer:Because he was choked by the heavy smoke, they could barely breathe.(5)Lost in deep thought, he didn’t hear the bell ring.因为沉浸在思考中，他没有听见铃响了。换成状语从句：___________________________________________answer:(6)Because he was lost in deep thought, he didn’t hear the bell ring.3.作条件状语（1）United, we stand; divided, we fall.合则立；分则败。换为条件状语从句：If we are united, we stand; If we are divided, we fall.（2）Given better attention, the accident could have been avoided.如果多加注意，这次事故本可避免。换成状语从句：If it is given better attention, the accident could have been avoided.（3）Watered more, these flowers could have grown better.如果浇更多的水，这些花儿能够长得更好。换为状语从句：_______________________________________answers:If these flowers were watered more, there flowers could have grown better.4.作方式或伴随状语（1）She stood there silently, moved to tears.她静静地站在那儿， 感动得流下了泪水。(2)Supported by her son, the old lady went into the room.在她儿子的搀扶下，这位老太太走进了房间。（三）过去分词作补足语1.作主语补足语The song is often heard sung during the Spring Festival.在春节期间，总是听见有人唱这首歌。sung作主语the song的补足语2.作宾语补足语I often heard the song sung during the Spring Festival.在春节期间，我总是听见这首歌被唱sung作宾语the song的补足语exercise：用过去分词作补语翻译句子：他不愿这事被提起。___________________________________________Answer:He didn’t want it mentioned.过去分词mentioned作宾语it的补足语