2021-2022学年上海市金山区高三上学期期中英语试题及答案

这是一份2021-2022学年上海市金山区高三上学期期中英语试题及答案，共32页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

第I卷（共95分）
I. Listening Cmprehensin (25%)
Sectin A
Directins: In Sectin A, yu will hear ten shrt cnversatins between tw speakers. At the end f each cnversatin, a questin will be asked abut what was said. The cnversatin and the questins will be spken nly nce. After yu hear a cnversatin and the questin abut it, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper, and decide which ne is the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
1. A. March. B. May. C. June. D. July.
2. A. By car B. By bus. C. By train. D. On ft.
3. A. Chse a new dentist. B. Cure the pain by herself.
C. Make an appintment with her dentist. D. Ask fr the right way t brush her teeth.
4. A. A bus driver. B. An airline ticket agent.
C. A pst ffice clerk. D. A department stre salespersn.
5. A. Clse the windw. B. Prepare their clthes.
C. Lck the suitcase. D. Call a taxi.
6. A. Take a day ff frm wrk. B. G and jin the peple in the ffice.
C. Find mre peple t help with the mve. D. Mve t a new place at free time.
7. A. Find a larger rm. B. Sell the ld table.
C. Buy tw bkshelves. D. Rearrange sme furniture.
8. A. He wants t spend mre time with his family.
B. He desn’t think he is capable f ding the jb.
C. He thinks the pay is t lw t supprt his family.
D. He desn’t enjy business trips as much as he used t.
9. A. The man is willing t help the wman.
B. The man is lsing patience with the wman.
C. The wman will let Bb chat with the man.
D. The man has already finished his prject.
10. A. The wman believes that Peter can give up smking.
B. Peter finds it easy t give up smking.
C. Peter has nt given up smking.
D. Peter has cnvinced the wman that he can give up smking.
Sectin B
Directins: In Sectin B, yu will hear tw shrt passages and ne cnversatin. Yu will be asked three questins n each f the passages and fur questins fr the cnversatin. The passages and cnversatin will be read twice, but the questins will be spken nly nce. When yu hear a questin, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper and decide which ne wuld be the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
Questins 11 thrugh 13 are based n the fllwing passage.
11. A. Nw teleshpping is ppular in almst every cuntry in the wrld.
B. Peple can shp things frm the biggest Eurpean cmpany n TV.
C. Frenchmen spend abut $ 20 millin a year buying things n TV.
D. Mre TV channels can pen fr telebusiness in America.
12. A. They have t stay at hme and watch TV.
B. They think it’s a new way f buying things.
C. They are nt sure abut the quality f the gds.
D. They wrry abut the safety f their persnal infrmatin.
13. A. Ppularity f teleshpping. B. Advantages f teleshpping.
C. Future f teleshpping. D. Cnvenience f teleshpping.
Questins 14 thrugh 16 are based n the fllwing passage.
14. A. Her weight was abve average. B. She had gd memry.
C. She gt a stmachache. D. She had n truble sleeping.
15. A. She didn’t take medicine as the specialist asked.
B. She was sensitive t what she ate, breathed and tuched.
C. She avided sme f the things that make her healthy.
D. Her rmmates culdn’t understand her well.
16. A. She has graduated frm Cambridge.
B. She is nt cnfident abut her future jb.
C. She plans t mve t Lndn and find a jb there.
D She has t depend n sleeping pills at night.
Questins 17 thrugh 20 are based n the fllwing dialgue.
17. A. The tickets have t be bked in advance.
B. It will be perfrmed at 6 p.m.
C. There will be tw perfrmances.
D It will be n at the theatre.
18. A. The Piazza. B. The Cncert Hall. C. The theatre. D. The Twn Hall.
19. A. $8. B. $10. C. $15. D. $20.
20. A. Art Exhibitin. B. Ballet Perfrmance. C. Mask Party. D. Living Theatre.
II. Grammar and Vcabulary (20%)
Sectin A
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passages cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Speeding ff in a stlen car, the thief thinks he has gt a great catch. But he is ging t experience ____1____ unwelcme surprise. The car is fitted with a remte immbilizer (锁止器), and a radi signal frm a cntrl center miles away will ensure that ____2____ the thief switches the engine ff, he will nt be able t start it again.
The idea ges like this. A cntrl bx fitted t the car cntains a mini-cellphne, a micr-prcessr and memry, and a GPS (全球定位系统) satellite psitining receiver. If the car is stlen, a cded cellphne signal will tell the cntrl center t blck the vehicle’s engine management system and prevent the engine ____3____ being restarted.
In the UK, a set f technical fixes is already making life harder fr car thieves. “The pattern f vehicle crime has changed,” says Martyn Randall, a security expert. He says ____4____ wuld nly take him a few minutes t teach a persn hw t steal a car, using a bare minimum f tls. But nly if the car is mre than 10 years ld.
Mdern cars are much ____5____ (tugh) t steal, ____6____ their engine management cmputer wn’t allw them t start unless they receive a unique ID cde beamed ut by the ignitin (点火) key. In the UK, technlgies like this ____7____ (help) achieve a 31% drp in vehicle-related crime since 1997.
But determined criminals are still managing t find ther ways t steal cars, ften by getting hld f the wner’s keys. And key theft is respnsible fr 40% f the thefts f vehicles fitted with a ____8____ (track)system.
If the car travels 100 metres withut the driver cnfirming their ID, the system will send a signal t an peratins centre ____9____ it has been stlen. The hundred metres minimum avids false alarms due t inaccuracies in the GPS signal.
Staff at the centre will then cntact the wner _____10_____ (cnfirm) that the car really is missing, and keep plice infrmed f the vehicle’s mvements via the car’s GPS unit.
【1~10题答案】
【答案】1. an 2. nce##if##when
3. frm 4. it
5. tugher 6. as##because##since
7. have helped
8 tracking
9. that 10. t cnfirm
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了现代汽车很难被盗走，其背后是一系列技术的支持。
【1题详解】
考查冠词。句意：但他将经历一个不受欢迎的惊喜。根据句意表示泛指“一个不受欢迎的惊喜 ”，应用不定冠词来修饰，unwelcme首字母的发音为元音音素，故填an。
【2题详解】
考查连词。句意：这辆车配备了远程制动装置，来自数英里外控制中心的无线电信号将确保小偷一旦关闭引擎/如果关闭引擎/当关闭引擎时，就无法再次启动。根据句意可知，此处可以表示“一旦关闭引擎/如果关闭引擎”，可用nce/if引导条件状语从句，也可表示“当关闭引擎时”，用when引导时间状语从句。故填nce/if/when。
【3题详解】
考查介词。句意：如果汽车被盗，一个编码的手机信号会告诉控制中心关闭汽车的引擎管理系统，防止引擎重新启动。prevent…frm“阻止……”为固定用法。故填frm。
【4题详解】
考查代词。句意：他说，教一个人如何用最少的工具偷一辆车只需要几分钟。It takes/tk sb.+时间+t d sth.意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”，it做形式主语，动词不定式作真正主语。故填it。
【5题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：现代汽车更难被偷，因为它们的引擎管理计算机不允许它们启动，除非它们收到点火钥匙发出的唯一ID代码。根据句意和much可知，此处表示“现代汽车更难偷走”，所以空处为形容词比较级tugher。故填tugher。
【6题详解】
考查连词。句意：现代汽车更难被偷，因为它们的引擎管理计算机不允许它们启动，除非它们收到点火钥匙发出的唯一ID代码。根据句意可知，此处表示“因为”，应用连词as/because/since引导原因状语从句。故填as/because/since。
【7题详解】
考查时态。句意：在英国，自1997年以来，类似的技术已经帮助车辆相关犯罪下降了31%。根据“since 1997”可知，本句为现在完成时，主语technlgies是复数。 故填have helped。
【8题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：装有跟踪系统的车辆40%的失窃都是钥匙被盗造成的。本句为动名词作定语，tracking system意为“跟踪系统”。故填tracking。
【9题详解】
考查同位语从句。句意：如果汽车行驶100米而司机未确认身份，系统将向操作中心发送信号，表明汽车被盗。“it has been stlen”为同位语从句，用来解释说明signal(信号)，且句意和句子结构完整，连接词为that。故填that。
【10题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：该中心的工作人员随后会联系车主，确认汽车确实丢失了，并通过汽车的GPS装置向警方通报车辆的动向。本句为动词不定式作目的状语。故填t cnfirm。
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
“Yu can’t pay cash here”: hw ur newly cashless sciety harms the mst vulnerable
It had taken s much fr Tina, 47, t get t the supermarket; t g hme empty-handed left her in tears. At the till, the checkut assistant ____11____ Tina's items and waved her cash away. "Yu can't pay cash in here," she tld Tina.
Tina is ne f the many peple wh have struggled t purchase ____12____ during the crnavirus pandemic, as retailers ____13____refuse t take cash.
The UK has been mving twards a cashless ecnmy fr sme time, with ATM usage _____14_____ at abut 6% t 10% a year. But Cvid-19 supercharged this transitin. "During lckdwn, cash ____15____ frm ATMs were dwn abut 60%," says Natalie Ceeney f the Access t Cash Review. "That's a huge drp."
But fr the apprximately 1.2 millin peple living in the UK wh are ____16____, buying essentials became a herculean undertaking.
"Peple withut legal immigratin status in the UK are nt _____17_____ allwed t pen a bank accunt," says James Tullett f the migrant and refugee charity Ramfel. When shps refuse t take cash frm these peple, they are likely t use ____18____ services, which are mre pen t being ___19___, Tullett adds.
It is nt nly unbanked peple wh will have struggled during the pandemic. Dmestic abuse survivrs ften squirrel away emergency cash. Many abusers _____20_____ bank transactins, leaving survivrs reliant n cash.
"Cash is really the bicycle f payments," says Brett Sctt, authr f 'The Heretic's Guide t Glbal Finance'. "We need t have a multimdal frm f payment systems … cash and card wrking tgether, just as bicycle and car lanes g tgether."
【11~20题答案】
【答案】11. I 12. A
13. J 14. B
15. H 16. F
17. K 18. E
19. D 20. G
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章指出在新冠疫情的影响下，在英国人们提取现金的次数急剧下降，零售商铺开始拒收现金，导致约120万没有合法移民身份的居民无法通过现金购买生活必需品。
【11题详解】
考查动词。句意：在收银台，收银员扫了Tina的东西，拒收了她的现金。这里描述的是超市收银的流程，先扫描商品的条形码，再付款，用scanned表示“扫描”。故选I项。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：Tina是新冠疫情期间购买生活必需品遇到困难的广大人群之一，就因为零售商合法地拒收现金。这里空白处作purchase的宾语，根据句意，应当指疫情期间购买必需品，用necessities表示。故选A项。
【13题详解】
考查副词。句意：Tina是新冠疫情期间购买生活必需品遇到困难的广大人群之一，就因为零售商越来越多地拒收现金。空白处修饰谓语动词refuse，根据句意，考虑副词increasingly，表示“越来越多地，逐渐”，即该现象越来越普遍。故选J项。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：英国已经向无现金经济推进一段时间了，期间ATM的使用率每年下降6到10个百分点。根据at abut 6% t 10% a year可知，人们对自动取款机的使用率应该是逐渐下降的，这里符合with复合结构，用现在分词declining表示“下降”。故选B项。
【15题详解】
考查名词。句意：疫情期间，从ATM取出的现金减少了约60%。根据frm ATMs were dwn abut 60%，可知，这里用cash withdrawals表示“现金取款”。故选H项。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：但是对于居住在英国的约120万没有银行账户的人来说，购买必需品却难比登天。根据 buying essentials became a herculean undertaking.可知，这里所指的难以购买必需品、即只能现金支付的人，就是没有银行账户的人，用unbanked来表示，与下文中unbanked peple呼应。故选F项。
【17题详解】
考查副词。句意：在英国没有合法移民身份的人，依法是不允许开银行账户的。空白处修饰谓语动词is allwed，考虑副词，根据句意，要用legally表示“合法地”。故选K项。
【18题详解】
考查形容词。句意：当商铺拒收这些人的现金时，他们可能会用一些非正式的服务，而这些服务更容易出现诈骗。既然正当的现金支付不被接受，人们应该会选择不正式、不正当的途径，这里用infrmal表示“非正式的”。故选E项。
【19题详解】
考查动词。句意：当商铺拒收这些人的现金时，他们可能会用一些非正式的服务，而这些服务更容易出现诈骗。根据they are likely t use 8 services，可知，不太正当的途径缺少监管，自然容易发生诈骗等现象，这里用cheating表示“欺骗，诈骗”。故选D项。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：很多施虐者都监控着银行交易，使得幸存者依赖现金。从状语部分内容来看，这里指家庭暴力中强势的一方管控、监控着银行账户，用mnitr表示“监控”。故选G项。
Ⅲ. Reading Cmprehensin (45%)
Sectin A (15%)
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passages there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
We have been putting smart wmen n the cuch fr 40 years withut making full use f their talent. Tday the prtin f tp jbs that g t wmen is still ____21____ lw. Why aren’t mre wmen running things in America? It isn’t fr lack f ambitin r qualificatins. The real ____22____ t getting mre wmen t the tp is the difficult issue f time cmmitment: Tday’s tp jbs in majr rganizatins ____23____ 60-plus hurs f wrk a week. Isn’t it t much?
But fr businesses and refrmers are serius abut making their cmpanies ____24____ fr the large number f American talented wmen, here are three ways t handle it.
Re-think time. We can break away frm the ____25____ that high-level wrk can be dne nly by peple wh wrk extra time. Maybe wrking time can be shrtened by setting the right amunt f wrk that needs t get dne. Senir rles shuld actually be easier t adapt in this way because highly paid peple have the desire t give up sme ____26____ in rder t wrk less.
Availability matters. It’s imprtant t differ between availability and abslute time cmmitment. Many prfessinal wmen wuld ____27____ agree t check email seven days a week and cme t ffice, if necessary, fr an intense prject — s lng as ver the curse f a year, the time devted t wrk is mre ____28____. Managers need t knw that 24/7 availability is nt the same thing as a 24/7 ____29____.
Quality is the gal, nt quantity. Leaders need t create a _____30_____ in which talented peple are judged nt by the quantity f their wrk, but by the quality f their _____31_____. One wh wrks 20 hurs a week and wh delivers exceptinal results n a pr rata (摊派) basis shuld be qualified fr _____32_____ and viewed as a tp perfrmer.
“Devtin” may help talented wmen wh can live with the way that tp jbs require tday— and if that’s their _____33_____, give mre pwer t them. But nly a small percentage f wmen will chse this rute. Until the rest f us get serius abut _____34_____ the present way that wrk gets dne in American crpratins, we can nly cmplain abut the _____35_____ f it all while changing almst nthing.
21. A. shckinglyB. prbablyC. relativelyD. cnsequently
22. A. desireB. barrierC. challengeD. slutin
23. A. prmiseB. suggestC. exceedD. demand
24. A. cautiusB. gratefulC. inevitableD. hpeful
25. A. mythB. crpratinC. executiveD. nvelty
26. A. timeB. incmeC. freedmD. prmtin
27. A. happilyB. reluctantlyC. hesitantlyD. rapidly
28. A. expectedB. paidC. limitedD. excluded
29. A. wrkladB. ambitinC. managementD. perfrmance
30. A. regulatinB. situatinC. civilizatinD. culture
31. A. respnsibilitiesB. cntributinsC. dnatinsD. cmmitments
32. A. devtinB. supervisinC. prmtinD. emplyment
33. A. pathB. advantageC. principleD. chice
34. A. alteringB. cnsideringC. criticizingD. fighting
35. A. cmpetitinB. pressureC. injusticeD. cruelty
【21~35题答案】
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. D 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是美国职场女性占比很少，以及公司想要招进有才能女性的三个办法。
【21题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：如今，女性担任高级职位的比例仍然低得惊人。A. shckingly惊人的；B. prbably可能地；C. relatively相对地；D. cnsequently因此。根据“We have been putting smart wmen n the cuch fr 40 years withut making full use f their talent.”和still可知，女性担任高级职位的比例惊人的低。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：让更多女性进入高层的真正障碍是时间投入的难题：如今大型机构的高层职位要求每周工作60小时以上。A. desire渴望；B. barrier障碍；C. challenge挑战；D. slutin解决方案。根据“Tday’s tp jbs in majr rganizatins demand 60-plus hurs f wrk a week.”可知，女性进入高层的很少，障碍是缺乏时间保证。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：让更多女性进入高层的真正障碍是时间投入的难题：如今大型机构的高层职位要求每周工作60小时以上。 A. prmise许诺；B. suggest建议；C. exceed超过；D. demand要求。根据“60-plus hurs f wrk a week.”和常识可知，工作要求时间保证。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但对于企业和改革家们来说，要让他们的公司对美国大量有才华的女性抱有希望，这里有三种方法可以解决这个问题。A. cautius谨慎的；B. grateful感激的；C. inevitable不可避免的；D. hpeful有希望的。根据“here are three ways t handle it.”可知，通过三种方法可以让企业和改革者对大量有才华的美国女性到公司工作抱有希望。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们可以打破高层工作只能由加班的人来完成的神话。 A. myth神话；荒诞的说法；B. crpratin公司；C. executive行政主管；D. nvelty新奇。根据“that high-level wrk can be dne nly by peple wh wrk extra time.”可知，我们需要打破这种固有荒诞的说法。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：高级职位实际上应该更容易适应这种方式，因为高薪人士希望放弃一些收入，以减少工作时间。A. time时间；B. incme收入；C. freedm自由；D. prmtin提升。根据“in rder t wrk less.”可知，高收入的人宁愿减少收入来减少工作时间。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：只要一年的工作时间比较有限，许多职业女性都会欣然同意每周7天查收邮件，如果有必要，也会来办公室处理紧张的项目。A. happily快乐地；B. reluctantly不情愿地；C. hesitantly犹豫不决地；D. rapidly迅速地。根据“s lng as ver the curse f a year, the time devted t wrk is mre ____8____.”可知，只要一年的工作时间比较有限，很多女性都乐意随时可以从事工作。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：只要一年的工作时间比较有限，许多职业女性都会欣然同意每周7天查收邮件，如果有必要，也会来办公室处理紧张的项目。A. expected期望；B. paid支付；C. limited限制；D. excluded排除。根据“It’s imprtant t differ between availability and abslute time cmmitment.”可知，女性当然期待时间越有限越好。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：经理们需要知道，7天24小时都有空和7天24小时的工作量可不一样。A. wrklad工作量；B. ambitin抱负；C. management管理；D. perfrmance表现。根据“24/7 availability”可知，这里与availability相对应，指工作量。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：领导者需要创造一种文化，在这种文化中，衡量人才的标准不是工作的数量，而是贡献的质量。A. regulatin管理；B. situatin状况；C. civilizatin文明；D. culture文化。根据“in which talented peple are judged nt by the quantity f their wrk, but by the quality f their ____11____.”可知，这里说的是企业文化。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：领导者需要创造一种文化，在这种文化中，衡量人才的标准不是工作的数量，而是贡献的质量。A. respnsibilities责任；B. cntributins贡献；C. dnatins捐赠；D. cmmitments承诺。根据“nt by the quantity f their wrk,”可知，为企业工作就是一种贡献。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每周工作20个小时并按比例取得优异成绩的员工应该有资格获得晋升，并被视为表现最好的员工。A. devtin奉献；B. supervisin监管；C. prmtin提升；D. emplyment雇佣。根据“One wh wrks 20 hurs a week and wh delivers exceptinal results n a pr rata (摊派) basis”可知，这样的员工应该被晋升。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“奉献”可能会帮助有才华的女性，让她们能够适应当今高层职位所要求的生活方式——如果这是她们的选择，那就给她们更多的权力。A. path道路；B. advantage优势；C. principle原则；D. chice选择。根据““Devtin” may help talented wmen wh can live with the way that tp jbs require tday”可知，如果女性选择这样做，那就给她们更多的权力。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们其他人认真考虑改变美国企业目前的工作方式之前，我们只能抱怨这一切的不公，而几乎什么都改变不了。A. altering改变；B. cnsidering考虑；C. criticizing指责；D. fighting奋斗。根据“while changing almst nthing.”可知，美国这样的工作方式急需改变。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我们其他人认真考虑改变美国企业目前的工作方式之前，我们只能抱怨这一切的不公，而几乎什么都改变不了。A. cmpetitin竞争；B. pressure压力；C. injustice不公正；D. cruelty残忍。根据文章开头“Tday the prtin f tp jbs that g t wmen is still shckingly lw.”可知，美国公司目前的工作方式男女员工方面是不公正的。故选C。
Sectin B (22%)
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
Cmparatively few fresh-water species f fishes are limited in their distributin t a single river system, yet nt many are fund n bth sides f a high muntain ridge, such as the Rcky Muntains in Nrth America. That is t say, the fishes f the Mississippi Valley are generally different frm thse f the Pacific slpe.
While it is a well-knwn fact that the fish life in n tw river systems, even thugh they empty int the sea n the same side f a divide, is exactly identical, such streams d have many species in cmmn. The principal rivers f the Atlantic slpe f the United States, fr example, cntain several species cmmn t all f them, including the bullhead catfish, the bluegill sunfish, and the large muth bass. Nne f these species can endure salt water, s they cannt mve frm ne river system t anther. On the ther hand, the mre nrthern streams cntain species nt fund in the suthern nes, and vice versa. The cmmn pike, fr example, is fund in the Atlantic streams frm Maryland nrthward, and the brk trut and yellw perch ccur nly in the streams frm Nrth Carlina suthward.
Hw the present distributin came abut must remain a matter f quest. It is quite prbable that sme f the streams, including thse n ppsite sides f a divide, may have been cnnected at ne time. Again, streams may be entirely separate during nrmal weather, but an exceptinally heavy rainfall r the sudden melting f snw in the uplands smetimes causes flds which may frm a temprary cnnectin between them, prviding a passageway fr fishes. It is als pssible that water birds may accidentally carry fish r spawn(卵) frm ne stream t anther, r that man may be instrumental in such a transfer.
36. The fishes in the Atlantic slpe cannt mve frm ne river system t anther because ________.
A. there is n canal linking different rivers
B. fishes cannt swim by way f the Atlantic
C. different rivers d nt have the same salt cntent
D. different fishes need different rivers
37. What is NOT the reasn fr the same fish t be fund in different rivers?
A. Different rivers may have been linked t each ther in the past.
B. Flds carried fish frm ne river t anther.
C. Birds carried fish frm place t place.
D. Earthquake may have caused links between rivers.
38. “man may be instrumental in such a transfer” in the last sentence means ________.
A. man may use instruments t transprt fish
B. the mvement f fish desn’t depend n human instruments
C. it is because f man that fish can mve frm ne river t anther
D. it is thrugh man’s tls that fish can mve frm ne river t anther
39. Which f the fllwing best states the main idea f the passage?
A. Fish Distributin and the Reasns.
B. Why Different Rivers Have the Same Fishes.
C. Different Fishes in Different Rivers.
D. Similar Fishes in Different Rivers.
【36~39题答案】
【答案】36. C 37. D 38. C 39. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了美国的淡水鱼如何分布在美国的各个河流里，科学家们正在探究这种分布产生的原因。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第三句话“Nne f these species can endure salt water, s they cannt mve frm ne river system t anther. (这些物种都不能忍受咸水，因此它们不能从一个水系迁移到另一个水系)”可推知，美国大西洋斜坡的主要河流中几种常见的鱼类不能从一个水系迁移到另一个水系的原因是它们不能忍受咸水，说明不同的河流的含盐量和它们所在河流的含盐量是不同的。故选C。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段二、三、四句话“It is quite prbable that sme f the streams, including thse n ppsite sides f a divide, may have been cnnected at ne time. Again, streams may be entirely separate during nrmal weather, but an exceptinally heavy rainfall r the sudden melting f snw in the uplands smetimes causes flds which may frm a temprary cnnectin between them, prviding a passageway fr fishes. It is als pssible that water birds may accidentally carry fish r spawn （卵） frm ne stream t anther, r that man may be instrumental in such a transfer.( 一些溪流，包括分水岭两侧的溪流，很可能曾经连接在一起。同样，在正常天气下，溪流可能完全分开，但异常强的降雨或高地上突然融化的雪有时会导致洪水，洪水可能会在溪流之间形成临时连接，为鱼类提供通道。水鸟也可能意外携带鱼类或卵从一条流到另一条流，或者人可能在这种转移中起了作用)”可知，同样的鱼在不同的河流中被发现的原因包括“过去，不同的河流可能彼此相连，洪水把鱼从一条河带到另一条河，水鸟也可能意外携带鱼类或卵从一条流到另一条流。”，所以“地震可能造成了河流之间的联系”不是同样的鱼在不同的河流中被发现的原因。故选D。
【38题详解】
句意猜测题。根据本段第一句话“Hw the present distributin came abut must remain a matter f quest.(目前的分布是如何产生的，这仍然是一个有待探索的问题)”可知，这一段主要介绍了同样的鱼在不同的河流中被发现的可能原因，其中包括“过去，不同的河流可能彼此相连，洪水把鱼从一条河带到另一条河，水鸟也可能意外携带鱼类或卵从一条流到另一条流”以及人也可能把鱼从一个河流带到另个一河流。所以这句话的意思为“正是因为人类，鱼才能从一条河到了另一条河”。故选C。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了美国的淡水鱼如何分布在美国的各个河流里，以及科学家们正在探究这种分布产生的原因。所以“鱼类分布及其原因”为本文的主旨大意。故选A。
(B)
40. If yu wish t cmplete tw turs in ne day, yu wuld prbably chse_________.
A. Sunshine Cast and Mntville Tur and Brisbane Highlights with Kala Sanctuary Tur
B. Brisbane City Mrning Tur and Brisbane Highlights with Kala Sanctuary Tur
C. Brisbane City Mrning Tur and Sunshine Cast and Nsa Tur
D. Sunshine Cast and Nsa Tur and Sunshine Cast and Mntville Tur
41. Which f the fllwing statements is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A. Visitrs may learn the clnial histry f Brisbane River frm Kangar Pint Cliffs.
B. Visitrs may have a clse lk at animals in Sunshine Cast and Nsa Tur.
C. If yu want t visit Underwater Wrld, yu may chse Brisbane City Mrning Tur.
D. If 2 adults and 2 children, aged 3 and 9, attend tur B410, they shuld pay $281.
42. What is the tne f this tur guide infrmatin bklet?
A. Welcming and humrus.B. Warm and inviting.
C. Mdest and initiative.D. Casual and cmpulsry.
【40~42题答案】
【答案】40. B 41. D 42. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文，属于广告类阅读。主要向我们介绍了几个旅游景点，详细地说明了每个地方的美景、出发日期和售价。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Brisbane City Mrning Tur (tur B481) Departs: daily 9:00am．Returns: 11:45am”及“Brisbane Highlights with Kala Sanctuary (tur B492) Departs: daily 1:15pm. Returns: 5:00pm”可知，如果想一天完成两个旅行应选Brisbane City Mrning Tur 和Brisbane Highlights with Kala Sanctuary Tur。故选B。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。表格最后一部分中“Child plicy: under 4 years—free f charge (儿童政策：4岁以下——免费)”可知四岁以下孩子免费，由D选项中的“tur B410”可定位到Sunshine Cast aand Mntville (tur B410)下“Adult $107 Child $67 (成人$107，孩童$67)”可知，因此所需费用为107*2+67=281，所以D正确。故选D。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据文中“air-cnditined caches, cmbined with the guide’s expert knwledge (空调车厢，结合导游的专业知识)”、“charming (迷人的)”、“magnificent (壮丽的)”、“spectacular (壮丽的)”等词可知，这个旅游信息手册的内容是温暖的，吸引人的。故选B。
(C)
“The ancient Hawaiians were astrnmers,” wrte Queen Liliukaiani. Hawaii’s last reigning mnarch, in 1897. Star watchers were amng the mst esteemed members f Hawiian sciety. Sadly, all is nt well with astrnmy in Hawaii tday. Prtests have erupted ver cnstructin f the Thirty Meter Telescpe(TMT), a giant bservatry that prmises t revlutinize humanity’s view f the csms.
At issue is the TMT’s planned lcatin n Mauna Kea, a drmant vlcan wrshiped by sme Hawiians as the pik, that cnnects the Hawaiian Islands t the heavens. But Mauna Kea is als hme t sme f the wrld’s mst pwerful telescpes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea’s peak rises abve the bulk f ur planet’s dense atmsphere, where cnditins allw telescpes t btain images f unsurpassed clarity.
Oppsitin t telescpes n Mauna Kea is nthing new. A small but vcal grup f Hawaiians and envirnments have lng viewed their presence as disrespect fr sacred land and a painful reminder f the ccupatin f what was nce a svereign natin.
Sme blame fr the current cntrversy belngs t astrnmers. In their eagerness t build bigger telescpes, they frgt that science is the nly way f understanding the wrld. They did nt always priritize the prtectin f Mauna Kea’s fragile ecsystems r its hliness t the island’s inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is nt a relic f the past; it is a living culture underging a renaissance tday.
Yet science has a cultural histry, t, with rts ging back t the dawn f civilizatin. The same curisity t find what lies beynd the hrizn that first brught early Plynesians t Hawaii’s shres inspires astrnmers tday t explre the heavens. Calls t disassemble all telescpes n Mauna Kea r t ban future develpment there ignre the reality that astrnmy and Hawaiian culture bth seek t answer big questins abut wh we are, where we cme frm and where we are ging. Perhaps that is why we explre the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling t knw urselves and ur true ancestral hmes.
The astrnmy cmmunity is making cmprmises t change its use f Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chsen t minimize the telescpe’s visibility arund the island and t avid archaelgical and envirnmental impact. T limit the number f telescpes n Mauna Kea, ld nes will be remved at the end f their lifetimes and their sites returned t a natural state. There is n reasn why everyne cannt be welcmed n Mauna Kea t embrace their cultural heritage and t study the stars.
43. Queen Liliukalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates ________.
A. its cnservative view n the histrical rle f astrnmy.
B. the imprtance f astrnmy in ancient Hawaiian sciety.
C. the regrettable decline f astrnmy in ancient times.
D. her appreciatin f star watchers’ feats in her time.
44. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astrnmical site due t ________.
A. its gegraphical featuresB. its prtective surrundings
C. its religius implicatinsD. its existing infrastructure
45. The cnstructin f the TMT is ppsed by sme lcals partly because ________.
A. it may risk ruining their intellectual life.
B. it reminds them f a humiliating histry.
C. their culture will lse a chance f revival.
D. they fear lsing cntrl f Mauna Kea.
46. The authr’s attitude tward chsing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is ne f ________.
A. severe criticismB. passive acceptance
C. slight hesitancyD. full apprval
【43~46题答案】
【答案】43. B 44. A 45. B 46. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文主要讲述了夏威夷天文台选址遭受争议，夏威夷望远镜建设遇阻。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段““The ancient Hawaiians were astrnmers,” wrte Queen Liliukaiani. Hawaii’s last reigning mnarch, in 1897. Star watchers were amng the mst esteemed members f Hawiian sciety. (“古代夏威夷人都是天文学家，”1897年夏威夷最后一位在位君主 Liliukaiani 女王写道。观星人是夏威夷社会中最受尊敬的成员之一)”可知，观星人是夏威夷社会中最受尊敬的成员之一，由此可知，Liliukalani皇后说古代夏威夷人都是天文学家，这表明了天文学在古代夏威夷社会中的重要性。故选B项。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea’s peak rises abve the bulk f ur planet’s dense atmsphere, where cnditins allw telescpes t btain images f unsurpassed clarity.(Mauna Kea坐落在太平洋上，高耸于地球稠密的大气层之上，在这种条件下，望远镜可以获得无与伦比的清晰图像。)”可知，由于其地理特征，莫纳克亚山被认为是理想的天文地点。故选A项。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“A small but vcal grup f Hawaiians and envirnments have lng viewed their presence as disrespect fr sacred land and a painful reminder f the ccupatin f what was nce a svereign natin.(长期以来，一小部分夏威夷人和环境保护组织一直认为它们的存在是对圣地的不尊重，是对曾经是一个主权国家的占领的痛苦提醒。)”可知，一些当地人反对修建TMT，部分原因是它让他们想起了一段屈辱的历史。故选B项。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Calls t disassemble all telescpes n Mauna Kea r t ban future develpment there ignre the reality that astrnmy and Hawaiian culture bth seek t answer big questins abut wh we are, where we cme frm and where we are ging.(要求拆除Mauna Kea山上所有望远镜或禁止在那里进行未来发展的呼声，忽视了一个现实：天文学和夏威夷文化都在寻求回答关于我们是谁、我们从哪里来以及我们要去哪里的重大问题。)”以及根据最后一段“There is n reasn why everyne cannt be welcmed n Mauna Kea t embrace their cultural heritage and t study the stars.(没有理由不欢迎Mauna Kea的每个人接受他们的文化遗产和研究星星。)”可知，作者认为拆除Mauna Kea山上所有望远镜或禁止在那里进行未来发展的呼声，忽视了一个现实，同时作者认为应该欢迎Mauna Kea的每个人接受他们的文化遗产和研究星星，由此可知，作者对选择Mauna Kea山作为TMT站点的态度是完全赞同的。故选D项。
Sectin C (8%)
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
Handwriting has existed fr abut 6,000 years. It’s ne f ur mst imprtant inventins.____47____ .
Mst f us knw, but ften frget, that handwriting is nt natural.____48____ In early America, nly wealthy men and businessmen learned t write. A “gd hand” became a sign f class and intelligence as well as mrality. Mst, meanwhile, signed legal dcuments with a mere ‘X’ and the presence f a witness. Writing nly spread t the masses in the 19th century, after schls began teaching handwriting.
.____49____ Left-handed students ften had their arm tied tightly t their bdies, s they’d learn t write with the “crrect” hand. In mre mdern times, yu may remember spending hurs learning the crrect strke(笔画), frmatin and spacing f upper- and lwer-case letters.
But tday, schls are shifting the fcus t cursewrk in STEM – shrt fr science, technlgy, engineering and mathematics. .____50____ Technlgy has threatened writing lng befre every man, wman and child carried a phne. It came with the inventin f the typewriter, which standardized written cmmunicatin, and that same argument will reappear as technlgy advances.
I dn’t knw if handwriting will ever die. But tday, the grwing emphasis n typing is having far-reaching effects. T get a glimpse f the future, just lk at the yuth. Instead f curly Qs r crazy Ls, kids are using emticns such as  r  t give a persnal tuch.
Typing is mre demcratic, t — it isn’t a cmplicated skill t master. Keybards are changing the physical cnnectin between writers and text, and peple wh can’t write by hand, like the blind, can nw use tls t cmmunicate nly by tuch.
Sure, I’ll miss the writing f letters, and the beautiful and well-practiced signature written with a pen.
A. Writing has always been serius business.
B. Withut it, we wuldn’t be able t recrd knwledge r pass ideas frm ne generatin t the next.
C. And while sme pathways in ur brains will weaken with the decline f handwriting, we’ll develp new nes as we swipe (滑动) and duble-click ur way int the future.
D. With limited hurs and an increased pressure t meet higher standards, teachers are emphasizing technlgy and tablets and less f the written wrd.
E. It’s nt like seeing r talking, which are what we are brn with.
F. I suppse it’s easy t grieve ver the passing f ne era (年代) int anther.
【47~50题答案】
【答案】47. B 48. E 49. A 50. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要描述了书写的发展史，十九世纪之前只有富人和商人会写字，之后写字一直是所有人的一件严肃的事情。进入新时代以后，由于打字方便，残疾人也可以学习，因而逐渐取代了手写体的地位，因此手写的时代即将结束，打字的时代即将到来。
【47题详解】
由第一段“It's ne f ur mst imprtant inventins(这是我们最重要的发明之一)”可知，空处应说明手写的重要性。B项Withut it, we wuldn’t be able t recrd knwledge r pass ideas frm ne generatin t the next.（没有它，我们就无法记录知识或将想法代代相传。）符合题意。故选B。
【48题详解】
由上文“Mst f us knw, but ften frget, that handwriting is nt natural.（我们大多数人都知道，但往往忘记，手写是不是天生的。）”，E项“It’s nt like seeing r talking, which are what we are brn with.（这不像看或说，那些是我们与生俱来的。）”中，it是关键词，指代上文“handwriting”，通过对比说明“手写不是天生的”这一特点。符合文意，故选E。
【49题详解】
由下文“Left-handed students ften had their arm tied tightly t their bdies, s they’d learn t write with the “crrect” hand. In mre mdern times, yu may remember spending hurs learning the crrect strke(笔画), frmatin and spacing f upper- and lwer-case letters.（左撇子学生经常把胳膊紧紧地绑在身上，这样他们就能学会用“正确”的手写字。在现代社会，你可能记得花几个小时学习正确的笔划、大小写字母的形成和间距。）”可知，写字是一件严肃的事。A项“Writing has always been serius business.”置于段首，能起到概括段落主旨的作用，符合文意，故选A。
【50题详解】
由上文“But tday, schls are shifting the fcus t cursewrk in STEM – shrt fr science, technlgy, engineering and mathematics.（如今，学校正将重点转移到STEM课程上，STEM是科学、技术、工程和数学的缩写。）”及下文“Technlgy has threatened writing lng befre every man, wman and child carried a phne.（早在每个男人、女人和孩子都携带手机之前，科技就已经威胁到了写作。）”可知，上下文分别围绕“工科是学校的重点课程”及“科技威胁写作”来说明为什么书面文字不被重视。D项“With limited hurs and an increased pressure t meet higher standards, teachers are emphasizing technlgy and tablets and less f the written wrd.（由于课时有限，要求达到更高标准的压力越来越大，教师们越来越重视技术和平板电脑，而较少使用书面文字）”处于段中，继续补充较少使用书面文字的原因，符合题意，故选D。
第II卷（共50分）
I. Summary Writing (10%)
51. Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Stress fr a teenager is as real a prblem as stress fr an adult. Therefre, it’s imprtant t understand the causes f stress in teenagers.
When parents change their jbs r if the family decides t mve t a different place, the child has t change schls, fid new friends, adapt t the new scial circle and fit int new grups. It is always difficult fr children t adapt t such changes, which can be a serius cause f stress in their life.
Academic difficulties, such as inability t understand a certain subject can cause stress. Nt every child has the ability t understand every subject. Sme kids need extra help besides schl wrk t grasp a few cncepts. Pr academic perfrmance is ften laughed at and is lked dwn upn by bth teachers and peers. In such cases, it can make the child feel islated, neglected and hurt. All f this, put tgether, can add t stress, which many times wrsens grades.
Extra curricular activities such as playing a sprt, r attending art classes can weigh heavily n yur child’s mind. Balancing schl and extra curricular activities des seem like a burden when yu have t be utstanding at bth. When the pressures frm bth the ends get unmanageable, teenagers tend t get tired and annyed. Tiredness sets in, leading t stress related issues such as lack f cncentratin in schl.
These are the cmmn causes f stress in teenager, which can be nticed thrugh signs such as pr memry, anxiety, negative and pessimistic attitude. If the signs f teenage stress g unrecgnized fr a lng time, it can make the child emtinally ut f balance. And next step, if this happens, it is necessary fr parents t knw hw t deal with stress.
【51题答案】
【答案】The passage mainly fcuses n the causes f stress in teenagers. Accrding t the writer, changing schl places, teenagers’pr academic difficulties and trying t balancing academic perfrmance and extracurricular activities cntribute greatly t the cause f stress. The writer suggests that parents shuld take care if there are signs such as pr memry, anxiety, negative and pessimistic attitude.
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇概要写作。
【详解】写作步骤
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。这篇文章主要关注青少年压力的原因。作者认为，改变学校地点、青少年学习困难、努力平衡学习成绩和课外活动是造成压力的主要原因。作者建议，当孩子出现记忆力差、焦虑、消极悲观等症状时，家长应多加注意。
2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。因此一定要弄清文章结构，归纳文章各段大意。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
II. Translatin (15%) (3+3+4+5)
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
52. 买很多不需要的东西有意义吗？ (pint)（汉译英）
【52题答案】
【答案】Is there any pint buying t many unnecessary things?
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句式和there be的一般疑问句。陈述客观情况，用一般现在时，固定句式 there is n pint ding，做……是没有意义的，转换为一般疑问句形式为Is there any pint ding? 形容词unnecessary（不需要的）修饰名词things，故翻译为：Is there any pint buying t many unnecessary things?
53. 这个实验旨在验证他提出的理论。(intend）（汉译英）
【53题答案】
【答案】This experiment is intended t test the thery that he put frward.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、固定短语和定语从句。这个实验为“ This experiment”，旨在为“be intended t d sth”,验证理论为“test the thery ”，句子为一般现在时，thery后接that引导的定语从句，先行词thery作put frward的宾语，定语从句为一般过去时。故翻译为：This experiment is intended t test the thery that he put frward。
54. 只有行善避恶，才能问心无愧。 (Only…) （汉译英）
【54题答案】
【答案】Only by ding gd deeds and aviding evilness can we have a clear cnscience./Only by ding gd and aviding evil can we have a clear cnscience.
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装句和时态。“行善避恶”是d gd deeds and avid evilness或d gd and avid evil，“只有行善避恶”是nly by ding gd deeds and aviding evilness或nly by ding gd and aviding evil，“才能”是we can，“问心无愧”是have a clear cnscience，分析句意可知，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，nly修饰状语，位于句首，主句要用部分倒装，即将助动词/情态动词提到主语前面，所以主句为can we have a clear cnscience。故整句翻译为Only by ding gd deeds and aviding evilness can we have a clear cnscience./Only by ding gd and aviding evil can we have a clear cnscience。
55. 正是因为社会过分注重外表，使得不少年轻人改变了他们的每日常规。(It) （汉译英）
【55题答案】
【答案】It was because sciety emphasizes appearance t much that a lt f yung peple have changed their daily rutine.
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句和动词时态。表示“正是……”应用强调句it ，表示“因为社会过分注重外表”应用because sciety emphasizes appearance t much，此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为sciety，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式；对于原因状语进行强调，此处be动词用was；表示“不少年轻人”应用a lt f yung peple；表示“改变”应用change，此处表示过去发生的事情对现在产生影响，使用现在完成时，主语为peple，助动词用have；表示“他们的每日常规”应用 their daily rutine。故翻译为It was because sciety emphasizes appearance t much that a lt f yung peple have changed their daily rutine.
III. Guided Writing (25%)
56. Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 120 – 150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
智能手机通常被认为是对学习的干扰，但现在很多学生把它作为学习的工具。请结合你自身和身边同学利用手机进行学习和阅读的经历，谈谈你对这种新的学习方式的看法。
【56题答案】
【答案】 With the develpment f Internet, smart phnes are becming mre and mre ppular amng the middle schl students at present. Abut that, peple have different pinins. In class, especially in special situatins, sme students think it is cnvenient fr them t study and read with phnes. Fr this, I want t express my pinin.
As far as I’m cncerned, smart phne, n ne hand, is gd fr students. Nt nly can they acquire timely news, but they can turn t phne fr help when facing prblems. Hwever, n the ther hand, anything is a duble-edged swrd. Students are addicted t using cellphnes, which may cause negative impacts t them. Therefre, everyne is suppsed t use phnes crrectly.
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇开放性作文。要求考生对于学生运用智能手机学习这一方式表达看法。
【详解】1.词汇积累
目前：at present→at the mment
在我看来：as far as I’m cncerned→in my pinin
获得：acquire→gain
应该：be suppsed t→shuld
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：With the develpment f Internet, smart phnes are becming mre and mre ppular amng the middle schl students at present.
复合句：Because the Internet develps, smart phnes are becming mre and mre ppular amng the middle schl students at present.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Nt nly can they acquire timely news, but they can turn t phne fr help when facing prblems.(运用了并列连词nt nly…but als…引导的倒装句)
【高分句型2】Students are addicted t using cellphnes, which may cause negative impacts t them.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
听力答案：1-5 CBCCD 6-10 CDABC 11-13 CCA 14-16 CBB 17-20: CBCB
A. necessities B. declining C. explited D. cheating E. infrmal F. unbanked
G. mnitr H. withdrawals I. scanned J. increasingly K. legally
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