专题03 阅读理解说明文&议论文-备战2023-2024学年高二英语上学期期末真题分类汇编（北京专用）（解析版）

这是一份专题03 阅读理解说明文&议论文-备战2023-2024学年高二英语上学期期末真题分类汇编（北京专用）（解析版），共31页。试卷主要包含了Brrriiinnng等内容，欢迎下载使用。

1.（2023上·北京昌平·高二统考期末）Scientists are getting a better lk at the universe thanks t the new James Webb Space Telescpe ( JWST)—the largest, mst pwerful space telescpe ever built. It was sent int space n a rcket n Dec. 25, 2021 and is nw lcated abut 1. 6 millin kilmetres away frm Earth. It mves arund the sun, keeping in line with Earth.
Scientists released the first images taken by the telescpe in July 2022. One f these images shws the mst distant view f the universe ever seen. Other images frm the JWST include Jupiter and Mars, as well as tw explanets (planets nt in ur wn slar system). The telescpe has als captured (捕获) images f the Suthern Ring Nebula, a clud f gas surrunding a dying star, as well as the Carina Nebula, where newly frming stars can be seen.
The JWST bserves nly infrared light. The further away smething is in the universe, the lnger it takes fr its light t reach us n Earth. As light travels thrugh space, it stretches ut int lnger and lnger wavelengths. As it gets lnger, it becmes invisible t humans, and is called infrared light.
Because the JWST sees infrared light, it is able t see further away—and further back in time—than ther telescpes. It als recrds mre details f the bjects it bserves. Scientists hpe this will help them learn mre abut the rigins f the universe, and better understand things like black hles, r hw planets and galaxies are frmed.
The images the telescpe sends back t Earth d nt lk like the phtgraphs we see frm scientists. Because the JWST recrds nly infrared light, the images it sends back appear black t a human eye. Hwever, they actually cntain many different shades f grey that represent different wavelengths f infrared light.
Scientists wrking with the images use filters ( 过滤器) t separate the different wavelengths. Then they give each wavelength a different clur s it can be seen by a human eye. When all f these filtered layers (层) f clur are cmbined, they create the clurful pictures that scientists send ut. Adding clur t the images nt nly makes them mre interesting fr peple t lk at. It als helps scientists see mre details in the images, which will help them better understand what they are lking at.
1．Accrding t Paragraph 3, the infrared light________.
A．is the light frm nearby stars
B．cannt be seen by human eyes
C．reaches the earth earlier than ther lights
D．travels in space with shrter wavelength
2．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．The pictures sent back by JWST are beautiful.
B．JWST ges arund in the same way as the sun des.
C．The frmatin f the black hles was recrded by JWST.
D．JWST has shwn the farthest view f the universe by nw.
3．What des the passage mainly talk abut?
A．Hw scientists use JWST t take phts.
B．Why JWST is better than ther telescpes.
C．What scientists discvers in space with JWST.
D．Hw JWST helps scientists explre the space.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了JWST望远镜是如何帮助帮助科学家探索太空的。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“As it gets lnger, it becmes invisible t humans, and is called infrared light.(随着它的延长，人们看不见它，人类称之为红外线。)”可知，人们肉眼看不到红外线，故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Scientists released the first images taken by the telescpe in July 2022. One f these images shws the mst distant view f the universe ever seen. (2022年7月，科学家发布了该望远镜拍摄的第一批图像。其中一张照片展示了有史以来最遥远的宇宙景象。)”可知，JWST望远镜已经展示了宇宙的最远景象。故选D。
3．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Scientists are getting a better lk at the universe thanks t the new James Webb Space Telescpe ( JWST)—the largest, mst pwerful space telescpe ever built.(多亏了新的詹姆斯·韦伯空间望远镜望远镜（JWST） ，科学家们对宇宙有了更好的了解。)”，第二段中“Scientists released the first images taken by the telescpe in July 2022.(2022年7月，科学家发布了该望远镜拍摄的第一批图像。)”，第三段中“The JWST bserves nly infrared light.(JWST只能观察到红外线。)”，第四段中“Because the JWST sees infrared light, it is able t see further away—and further back in time—than ther telescpes.(由于JWST能够看到红外线，因此它能够比其他望远镜看到更远的距离——以及更久远的过去。)”，第五段中“The images the telescpe sends back t Earth d nt lk like the phtgraphs we see frm scientists.(望远镜传回地球的图像与我们从科学家那里看到的照片不一样。)”可知，文章第一段指出JWST望远镜帮助科学家对宇宙有更好的了解，接着下文介绍了JWST望远镜是如何帮助帮助科学家探索太空的，由此可知，文章主要讲述了JWST望远镜是如何帮助帮助科学家探索太空的，故选D。
2.（2023上·北京昌平·高二统考期末）Surrunding Science
A new Science Museum app explres cmmn bjects in the wrld arund yu. If yu’ve played the mbile game Pkémn G, yu’ll knw that its mnsters can be fund wherever yu walk. Nw the technlgy behind that game is being used fr a new app frm the Science Museum.
It’s called Wnderlab AR and is free t dwnlad frm the app stres n Apple and Andrid mbile phnes. The aim is t encurage peple t get utside and learn abut the science in ur everyday envirnment—frm traffic lights and electric car charging pints t cashpints, telephnes and even tilets. Instead f catching mnsters, in this game yu’re lking fr “discveries” (as the app calls them) frm different fields f science: including electricity, frces, light, maths and sund. The app uses augmented-reality (AR) technlgy frm a cmpany called Niantic, which is best knwn as the develper f Pkémn G.
That’s why Wnderlab AR lks quite a lt like that game, shwing yu a map f the “discveries” in yur current lcatin in the real wrld. Yu’ll see them n the map but t cllect them, yu have t walk t their real-wrld lcatin. Althugh the Science Museum is in Lndn, the app wrks anywhere in the cuntry and there are lts f things t discver near yu.
Alngside the app, there is als a new website frm the Science Museum called Wnderlab+ (tinyurl. cm/TWJ-Wnderlab). This site is fr yung peple aged seven t 15 years ld and is a mixture f fun maths and science hands-n activities, including YuTube vides, nline quizzes, questins and games.
Bth the app and website are based n the Wnderlab galleries that peple can visit at the Science Museum in Lndn and the Natinal Science and Media Museum in Bradfrd, England. The app and website allw peple wh live in ther parts f the UK t learn mre abut the science f everyday bjects and experience the exhibitins.
4．With the new app Wnderlab AR, yu can________.
A．learn abut science arund yu
B．visit the science museum nline
C．catch mnsters like in Pkémn G
D．lcate any science museums nearby
5．Frm the passage, we knw that Wnderlab +________.
A．is designed fr bth children and adults
B．answers peple’s questins abut science
C．shares varius resurces abut science
D．prvides a chance t experiment in the labs
6．The authr writes this passage mainly t________.
A．invite peple t g t the science museum
B．attract children’s attentin t science learning
C．intrduce a new science museum app and a website
D．cmpare the differences between the app and the website
【答案】4．A 5．C 6．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款新的应用软件Wnderlab AR，使用该App可以探索你生活环境中的科学常识。同时文章还介绍了相关的科学网站——Wnderlab +。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The aim is t encurage peple t get utside and learn abut the science in ur everyday envirnment.(目的是鼓励人们走出去，在我们的日常环境中学习科学。)”，可知，应用Wnderlab AR该软件，可以了解周围的科学常识。故选A。
5．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“This site is fr yung peple aged seven t 15 years ld and is a mixture f fun maths and science hands-n activities, including YuTube vides, nline quizzes, questins and games.(该网站面向7至15岁的年轻人，包含有趣的数学和科学实践活动，包括YuTube视频、在线测验、问题和游戏。)”可知，Wnderlab +网站分享各种科学资源。故选C。
6．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Nw the technlgy behind that game is being used fr a new app frm the Science Museum.(现在，这款游戏背后的技术被用于科学博物馆的一款新应用程序。)”以及第二段中“It’s called Wnderlab AR and is free t dwnlad frm the app stres n Apple and Andrid mbile phnes. (它被称为Wnderlab AR，可以从苹果和安卓手机的应用商店免费下载。)”以及倒数第二段中“Alngside the app, there is als a new website frm the Science Museum called Wnderlab+).( 除了这款应用，科学博物馆还推出了一个名为Wnderlab+的新网站。)”可知，文章的目的是向读者们介绍一个新的科学App和科学网站。故选C。
3.（2023上·北京房山·高二统考期末）Crals are cmeback creatures. As the wrld frze and melted and sea levels rse and fell ver 30,000 years, Australia’s Great Barrier Reef, which is rughly the size f Italy, died and revived five times. But nw, due t human activities, crals face the mst cmplex cnditin they have yet had t deal with.
Accrding t the Intergvernmental Panel n Climate change, a rise in glbal temperatures f 1.5℃ culd cause cral reefs t decline 70-90%. The planet is abut 1℃ htter than in the 19th century and its seas are becming warmer, strmier and mre acidic (酸性的). This is already affecting relatins between crals and the single-celled algae (海藻), which give them their clr. When waters becme unusually warm, algae flat away, leaving reefs a ghstly white. This “bleaching” is happening five times as ften as it did in the 1970s. Meanwhile the changing chemistry f the ceans makes it harder fr crals t frm their structures.
If crals g, divers and marine bilgists are nt the nly peple wh will miss them. Reefs take up nly a percent f the sea flr, but supprt a quarter f the planet’s fish diversity. The fish that reefs shelter are especially valuable t their prest human neighbrs, many f whm depend n them as a surce f prtein. Rughly an eighth f the wrld’s ppulatin lives within 100 km f a reef. Crals als prtect 150,000 km f shreline in mre than 100 cuntries and territries frm the ceans buffeting (肆虐), as well as generating billins f dllars in turism revenue.
Cral systems must adapt if they are t survive. They need prtectin frm lcal surces f harm. Their ec-systems suffer frm waste frm farms, building sites and blast fishing. Gvernments need t impse tighter rules n these industrials, such as tugher lcal building cdes, and t put mre effrt int enfrcing rules against verfishing.
Setting up marine prtected areas culd als help reefs. Lcals wh fear fr their livelihds culd be given wrk as rangers with the jb f lking after the reserves. Visitrs t marine parks can be required t pay a special tax, like what has been dne in the Caribbean.
Many reefs that have been damaged culd benefit frm restratin. Cral’s bidiversity ffers hpe, because the same cral will grw differently under different cnditins. Crals f the western Pacific, fr example, can withstand higher temperatures than the same species in the eastern Pacific, which prves a way frward t encurage crals t grw in new spts.
7．Accrding t the passage, what may happen t cral reefs when waters becme warm?
A．Flating away.B．Changing frms.
C．Turning white.D．Becming acidic.
8．Accrding t Paragraph 4, the gvernments shuld .
A．ban peple frm fishing in the cral reef areas
B．reduce the number f visitrs t the marine parks
C．call n vlunteers t lk after the marine reserves
D．carry ut stricter rules n industries arund the cast
9．Which f the fllwing statements is crrect accrding t the passage?
A．Crals have experienced death and revival fr five times.
B．Reefs play an imprtant part in prtecting the fish diversity.
C．Cral systems suffer frm agriculture, turism and fishing.
D．The grwth f cral has nthing t d with the cnditin.
10．What’s the main purpse f the passage?
A．T attach mre imprtance t cral reefs prtectin.
B．T present the significance f cral reefs t the wrld.
C．T expse the influence f climate change n cral reefs.
D．T appeal t gvernments fr quick actin t save cral reefs.
【答案】7．C 8．D 9．B 10．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要描述了珊瑚礁面临的复杂环境，它对人类的帮助，针对政府及人类对其保护措施的建议。
7．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When waters becme unusually warm, algae flat away, leaving reefs a ghstly white. (当海水变得异常温暖时，藻类就会漂走，让珊瑚礁变成一片幽灵般的白色)”可知，当海水变暖之后，珊瑚会变成白色，故选C项。
8．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Gvernments need t impse tighter rules n these industrials, such as tugher lcal building cdes, and t put mre effrt int enfrcing rules against verfishing. (政府需要对这些行业实施更严格的规定，比如更严格的地方建筑法规，并投入更多的精力来执行禁止过度捕捞的规定)”可知，政府应该对沿海地区的工业实行更严格的规定。故选D项
9．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Australia’s Great Barrier Reef, which is rughly the size f Italy, died and revived five times. (澳大利亚大堡礁的面积大致相当于意大利，但它曾5次死亡并复活)”可知，澳大利亚大堡礁曾经历过5次死亡并复活，并不是说所有的珊瑚礁，选项A错误；根据第三段中“Reefs take up nly a percent f the sea flr, but supprt a quarter f the planet’s fish diversity. (珊瑚礁只占海床的百分之一，却支撑着地球上四分之一的鱼类多样性)”可知，珊瑚礁对于鱼类的多样性的保护方面有着重要的作用，选项B与文意相符；倒数第三段中“Their ec-systems suffer frm waste frm farms, building sites and blast fishing. Gvernments need t impse tighter rules n these industrials, such as tugher lcal building cdes, and t put mre effrt int enfrcing rules against verfishing. (它们的生态系统遭受农场、建筑工地和爆破捕鱼的威胁。各国政府需要对这些行业实施更严格的规定，比如更严格的地方建筑法规，并加大力度执行禁止过度捕捞的规定)”可知，珊瑚礁受到农业、工业和过度捕捞的影响，选项C错误；最后一段中“Cral’s bidiversity ffers hpe, because the same cral will grw differently under different cnditins.(珊瑚的生物多样性带来了希望，因为相同的珊瑚在不同的条件下会有不同的生长)”说明珊瑚礁的生长会受到条件的影响，选项D错误。故选B。
10．推理判断题。通读文章，根据第一段最后一句“But nw, due t human activity, crals face the mst cmplex cnditin they have yet had t deal with.(但现在，由于人类的活动，珊瑚面临着迄今为止最复杂的环境条件)”引出本文的话题，文章接着描述了珊瑚礁面临的复杂环境，它对人类的帮助，针对政府及人类对其保护措施的建议。由此推知，文章的主要目的是想提高人们对珊瑚礁的保护意识。故选A项。
4.（2023上·北京房山·高二统考期末）As I read abut Sarah Lh’s jurney t becming the first female chief executive f the Australian Ftball League (AFL) last week, I was encuraged by the resilience (坚韧) she shwed t becme a leader in her sprt, but als disappinted at the unfair treatment she faced t get there.
Lh had t deal with many f the same questins wmen in sprts ften face, such as: “Hw can a wman cach r lead when she has never played sprts?” But as an Asian wman, Lh als faced questins with an added layer f racism: “What wuld a multicultural wman knw abut ftball?”
A recent Victria University survey f 221 diverse wmen made up f current and frmer caches, managers and bard members fund that half f the respndents were unhappy with their leadership rles and that many aspiring leaders believed their gender and backgrund were barriers.
Wmen frm different backgrunds, races, religins, classes and sexual rientatins can smetimes experience multiple layers f injustice depending n the cntext. In rder t address these inequalities, there are practical steps sprting rganizatins can take t create welcming and inclusive envirnments fr wmen in sprts at every level.
In recent years, natinal sprting rganizatins acrss Australia have shwn an increasing cmmitment t and engagement in the prmtin f gender equality and respect t prevent vilence against all wmen. Recgnizing their wn prfile and influence, they have taken active steps t address the drivers f vilence and inequality, including thrugh educatin and awareness-raising prgrams such as Carltn Respects.
Sprts have an influence way beynd the field, curt r green n which they’re played, and they prvide an pprtunity t set and maintain psitive cmmunity standards.
While resilience is a great strength t pssess as a leader, wmen f clr, Abriginal and Trres Strait Islander wmen r thse frm refugee and migrant backgrunds shuldn’t be required t wear such a thick set f armr (防御) t simply wrk in sprts. Surely respect, equality and safety fr all is nt t much t ask fr.
11．What can we learn abut Sarah Lh frm the text?
A．She faced unfair treatment as a player in the AFL.
B．She is the first Chinese chief executive in the AFL.
C．Her sprts achievements made her a leader in the AFL.
D．Her rad t success was hard due t her gender and race.
12．Which measure has been taken t slve the prblem f gender inequality?
A．Strengthening females resilience by training.
B．Establishing mre female sprting rganizatins.
C．Raising public awareness f vilence against wmen.
D．Offering mre pprtunities fr wmen t take sprts.
13．The authr writes this passage t .
A．recgnize the value f female leaders
B．call fr equality and respect fr females
C．encurage mre females t take sprts
D．present the difficulties female leaders face
【答案】11．A 12．C 13．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以澳大利亚足球联盟第一位女性首席执行官Sarah Lh遭遇的不公平对待为例，就该如何消除对女性的性别歧视，尊重她们，提了一些已经实施的和可以实施的措施。
11．细节理解题。根据第一段“As I read abut Sarah Lh’s jurney t becming the first female chief executive f the Australian Ftball League (AFL) last week, I was encuraged by the resilience (坚韧) she shwed t becme a leader in her sprt, but als disappinted at the unfair treatment she faced t get there. (上周，当我读到Sarah Lh成为澳大利亚足球联盟第一位女性首席执行官的历程时，我因她成为这项运动的领导者表现出的坚韧而感到备受鼓舞，但同时也对她在这里所面临的不公平待遇感到失望)”可知，Sarah Lh遭受了不公平的对待。故选A项。
12．推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“Recgnizing their wn prfile and influence, they have taken active steps t address the drivers f vilence and inequality, including thrugh educatin and awareness-raising prgrams such as Carltn Respects. (认识到自己的形象和影响力，这些组织已采取积极措施，解决暴力和不平等的驱动因素，包括通过教育和提高认识项目，如Carltn Respects)”可知，为了解决性别不平等的问题和暴力问题，这些机构通过一些教育和提高认识项目提升公众对妇女暴力这一问题的意识。故选C项。
13．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Surely respect, equality and safety fr all is nt t much t ask fr. (当然，对所有人的尊重，平等和安全要求并不过分)”可推知，本文以女性领袖Sarah Lh遭受的不公平的对待为例，旨在呼吁关注包含女性在内的所有人的尊重，平等和安全。故选B项。
5.（2023上·北京顺义·高二统考期末）Calligraphy (书法) has been recgnized as ne f the 114 first-level subjects in the cuntry accrding t the latest subject cntent annunced by the Educatin Ministry (教育部). The great attentin frm the public shws hw surprised sme peple feel abut its inclusin n the list.
Calligraphy is an imprtant part f Chinese traditinal culture and an artistic treasure in China. The starting pint f the decisin f the ministry is, f curse, t prmte the develpment f calligraphy art.
In additin, calligraphy and ther subjects in this field are prfessinal matters. The annuncement and change f their plicies shuld take prfessinal pinins int cnsideratin, and shuld nt be easily influenced by the passin t carry frward traditinal culture.
Nw that calligraphy has been set as a first-level subject, the develpment space fr calligraphy teachers and students in clleges and universities has been increased and the level f training can be imprved.
Hwever, if a subject becmes a first-level ne, it is generally necessary t build a cmplete and independent subject system that shws the independence f the subject in teaching and research. Hwever, many excellent calligraphers in China are themselves excellent writers and experts in varius fields. Their calligraphy achievements are nt the result f specialized study f calligraphy, but the crystallizatin (结晶) f integrated quality, knwledge and skills. In this sense, the key feature f calligraphy lies in its penness and it is cnnected with varius subjects. In ther wrds, it raises the questin f whether calligraphy is independent enugh t be a first-level subject.
The ther questin is whether the mve will raise the imprtance f calligraphy in the eyes f primary and secndary schls and parents. That might increase the amunt f wrk f primary and secndary schl students. Is it really necessary t give a branch f the writing arts such a high psitin in the subject system, particularly as it has already becme limited t a small grup f calligraphy lvers rather than a basic writing skill f the educated as it was befre. Nt t mentin the fact that the jb market fr calligraphy learners is quite small.
In practice, clleges and universities shuld prudently design the curses fr the new first-level subject s that the refrm can be beneficial t the develpment f the art frm withut being led t the wrng way, there are still many details and plans fr them t cnsider befre the curses are put int practice. They shuld fcus n imprving the quality f the calligraphy educatin and research instead f simply enlarging scale (规模).
14．Why did the Ministry f Educatin make calligraphy a first-level subject?
A．T help it g further.B．T shw its independence.
C．T build its subject system.D．T make it a cultural treasure.
15．We can knw frm paragraph 5 that calligraphy
A．cannt be imprved by study.
B．is mixed with varius knwledge.
C．des nt need a cmplete subject system.
D．has the independence as a first-level subject.
16．Which f the fllwing statements is crrect accrding t the passage?
A．Calligraphy remains a basic skill tday.
B．Calligraphy is widely enjyed by peple.
C．Parents pay much attentin t calligraphy.
D．There are limited jbs fr calligraphy students.
17．What des the underlined wrd “prudently” in the last paragraph prbably mean?
A．Freely.B．Simply.C．Carefully.D．Quickly.
18．What can we infer frm the passage?
A．Universities shuld increase their calligraphy students.
B．The refrm will reduce primary schl students’ stress.
C．The develpment f calligraphy depends n universities.
D．Universities need t cnduct mre valuable calligraphy studies.
【答案】14．A 15．B 16．D 17．C 18．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了教育部把书法列为一级学科并引发争议。
14．细节理解题。根据第二段“The starting pint f the decisin f the ministry is, f curse, t prmte the develpment f calligraphy art. (教育部决定的出发点当然是促进书法艺术的发展。)”可知，教育部把书法列为一级学科是为了帮助它走得更远。故选A。
15．细节理解题。根据第五段“Their calligraphy achievements are nt the result f specialized study f calligraphy, but the crystallizatin (结晶) f integrated quality, knwledge and skills. (他们的书法成就不是专门学习书法的结果，而是综合素质、知识和技能的结晶。)”可知，书法混合了各种知识。故选B。
16．细节理解题。根据第六段“Nt t mentin the fact that the jb market fr calligraphy learners is quite small. (更不用说书法学习者的就业市场相当小。)”可知，书法学生的工作有限。故选D。
17．词义猜测题。根据划线词后半句“s that the refrm can be beneficial t the develpment f the art frm withut being led t the wrng way, there are still many details and plans fr them t cnsider befre the curses are put int practice. (使改革有利于艺术形式的发展，而不被引导到错误的方向，在课程实施之前，还有许多细节和计划需要考虑。)”可知，在实践中，高校应谨慎设计新一级学科的课程，所以prudently为“谨慎地”之意。故选C。
18．推理判断题。根据最后一段“They shuld fcus n imprving the quality f the calligraphy educatin and research instead f simply enlarging scale (规模). (应注重提高书法教育和研究的质量，而不是简单地扩大规模。)”可推断，大学需要进行更有价值的书法研究。故选D。
6.（2023上·北京怀柔·高二统考期末）Yu have prbably heard f the Mzart effect. It’s the idea that if children r even babies listen t music cmpsed by Mzart, they will becme mre intelligent. A quick Internet search reveals plenty f prducts t assist yu in the task. Whatever yur age is there are CDs and bks t help yu taste the pwer f Mzart’s music, but when it cmes t scientific evidence that it can make yu mre clever, the picture is mre mixed.
The phrase “the Mzart effect” was made up in 1991, but it was a study described tw years later in the jurnal Nature that sparked real media and public interest abut the idea that listening t classical music smehw imprves the brain. It is ne f thse ideas that sund reasnable. Mzart was undubtedly a genius himself; his music is cmplex and there is a hpe that if we listen t enugh f it, we’ll becme mre intelligent.
The idea tk ff, with thusands f parents playing Mzart t their children, and in 1998Zell Miller, the Gvernr f the state f Gergia in the US, even asked fr mney t be set aside in the state budget s that every newbrn baby culd be sent a CD f classical music. It was nt just babies and children wh were expsed t Mzart’s music n purpse, even an Italian farmer prudly explained that the cws were played Mzart three times a day t help them prduce better milk.
I’ll leave the debate n the impact n milk yield t farmers, but what abut the evidence that listening t Mzart makes peple mre intelligent? Mre research was carried ut but an analysis f sixteen different studies cnfirmed that listening t music des lead t a temprary imprvement in the ability t handle shapes mentally, but the benefits are shrt-lived and it desn’t make us mre intelligent.
19．What can we learn frm Paragraph 1?
A．Mzart cmpsed many musical pieces fr children.
B．Children listening t Mzart will be mre intelligent.
C．There are few prducts n the Internet abut Mzart’s music.
D．There is little scientific evidence t supprt the Mzart effect.
20．Why did many peple believe in the idea f the Mzart effect?
A．Because a study described it in the jurnal Nature.
B．Because Mzart himself was a genius.
C．Because Mzart’s music is enjyable.
D．Because Mzart’s music makes peple relaxed.
21．What is the authr’s attitude twards the Mzart effect?
A．Favrable.B．Subjective.C．Dubtful.D．Psitive.
【答案】19．D 20．B 21．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍许多人相信听莫扎特的音乐会让人更聪明，但研究表明这种影响是短暂的，并不能让人们更加聪明。
19．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Whatever yur age is there are CDs and bks t help yu taste the pwer f Mzart’s music, but when it cmes t scientific evidence that it can make yu mre clever, the picture is mre mixed.(无论你的年龄是多少，都有CD和书籍可以帮助你品味莫扎特音乐的力量，但当涉及到科学证据表明它可以让你更聪明时，情况就更复杂了)”可知，几乎没有科学证据支持莫扎特效应——听莫扎特音乐能让你更聪明。故选D。
20．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Mzart was undubtedly a genius himself; his music is cmplex and there is a hpe that if we listen t enugh f it, we’ll becme mre intelligent.(毫无疑问，莫扎特本人就是一个天才；他的音乐是复杂的，我们希望，如果我们听得足够多，我们就会变得更聪明)”可知，很多人相信莫扎特效应是因为莫扎特自己是一个天才。故选B。
21．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Mre research was carried ut but an analysis f sixteen different studies cnfirmed that listening t music des lead t a temprary imprvement in the ability t handle shapes mentally, but the benefits are shrt-lived and it desn’t make us mre intelligent.(虽然进行了更多的研究，但是对16个不同研究的分析证实，听音乐确实能够暂时提高我们的心智处理形状的能力，但是好处是短暂的，并不能使我们变得更聪明)”可推知，作者对莫扎特效应的态度是怀疑的。故选C。
7.（2023上·北京通州·高二统考期末）Brrriiinnng. The alarm clck annunces the start f anther busy weekday in the mrning. Yu jump ut f bed, rush int the shwer, int yur clthes and ut the dr with hardly a mment t think. A stressful jurney t wrk gets yur bld pressure climbing. Once at the ffice, yu glance thrugh the newspaper with depressing stries r reprts f disasters. In that srt f md, wh can get dwn t wrk, particularly sme creative, riginal prblem-slving wrk?
The way mst f us spend ur mrnings is exactly ppsite t the cnditins that prmte flexible, pen-minded thinking. Imaginative ideas are mst likely t cme t us when we’re unfcused. If yu are ne f thse energetic mrning peple, yur mst inventive time cmes in the early evening when yu are relaxed. Sleepy peple’s lack f fcus leads t an increase in creative prblem slving. By nt giving yurself time t tune int yur wandering mind, yu’re missing ut n the surprising slutins it may ffer.
The trip yu take t wrk desn’t help, either. The stress slws dwn the speed with which signals travel between neurns (神经细胞), making inspiratins less likely t ccur. And while we all shuld read a lt abut what’s ging n in the wrld, it wuld nt make yu feel gd fr sure, s put that news website r newspaper aside until after the day’s wrk is dne.
S what wuld ur mrnings lk like if we wanted t start them with a full capacity fr creative prblem slving? We’d set the alarm a few minutes early and lie awake in bed, fllwing ur thughts where they lead. We’d stand a little lnger under the warm water f the shwer, stpping thinking abut tasks in favr f a few mre minutes f relaxatin. We’d take sme deep breaths n ur way t wrk, instead f cmplaining abut heavy traffic. And nce in the ffice—after we get a cup f cffee—we’d click n links nt t the news f the day but t the funniest vides the web has t ffer.
22．Accrding t the authr, we are mre creative when we are ________.
A．busyB．awakeC．fcusedD．relaxed
23．By “tune int yur wandering mind” in Paragraph 2, the authr means “________”.
A．switch t the traffic channelB．stp cncentrating n anything
C．listen t a beautiful tuneD．wander int the wild
24．The authr writes the last paragraph in rder t ________.
A．advcate diverse ways f lifeB．establish a rutine fr the future
C．ffer practical suggestinsD．summarize past experiences
【答案】22．D 23．B 24．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，放松心情更有利于提高工作效率和创造性的解决问题，压力阻滞了神经细胞信号的传输，只会导致工作效率下降。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段“If yu are ne f thse energetic mrning peple, yur mst inventive time cmes in the early evening when yu are relaxed.” （如果你是那种早晨精力充沛的人，那么你最具创造力的时刻就是傍晚放松的时候。）可知放松使我们更具有创造性，故选D项。
23．词句猜测题。根据画线句“By nt giving yurself time t tune int yur wandering mind, yu’re missing ut n the surprising slutins it may ffer.”（不给自己时间去tune int yur wandering mind,,你将错失有创造性的解决问题的方法。）可知,如果你不把时间用在胡思乱想，也就是你的思想不集中的时候，你就会错过很多解决问题的方法。故划线部分是指思维不集中。故选B项。
24．推理判断题。根据最后一段开头“S what wuld ur mrnings lk like if we wanted t start them with a full capacity fr creative prblem slving?” （那么，如果我们想以创造性地解决问题的全部能力来开始我们的早晨，我们会是什么样子呢？）本段开头提出了如何解决问题的疑问，后文都是在提出建议，比如提早起身、洗热水澡、做深呼吸等，所以最后一段主要提供实质性的建议，故选C项。
8.（2023上·北京西城·高二统考期末）Yu may have heard that humans nly use 10 percent f their brain pwer, and that if yu culd unlck the rest f yur brainpwer, yu culd d s much mre. Hwever, there is a pwerful bdy f evidence debunking the 10 percent myth. Scientists have cnsistently shwn that humans use their entire brain thrughut each day.
Despite the evidence, the 10 percent myth has inspired many references in the cultural imaginatin. A 2013 study shwed that abut 65 percent f Americans believed the myth, and a 1998 study shwed that a full third f psychlgy majrs, wh fcus n the wrkings f the brain, fell fr it.
Neurpsychlgy studies hw the anatmy (构造) f the brain affects smene’s behavir, emtin, and cgnitin. Over the years, brain scientists have shwn that different parts f the brain are respnsible fr specific functins. Cntrary t the 10 percent myth, scientists have prven that every part f the brain is integral fr ur daily functining. Many brain imaging studies that measure brain activity when a persn is ding a specific task shw hw different parts f the brain wrk tgether. Fr example, while yu are reading this text n yur smartphne, sme parts f yur brain, including thse respnsible fr visin, reading cmprehensin, and hlding yur phne, will be mre active.
Hwever, sme brain images unintentinally supprt the 10 percent myth, because they ften shw small bright spltches (斑点) n an therwise gray brain. This may imply that nly the bright spts have brain activity, but that isn’t the case. Rather, clred spltches represent brain areas that are mre active when smene’s ding a task cmpared t when they’re nt. The gray spts are still active, just t a lesser degree.
A mre direct cunter t the 10 percent myth lies in individuals wh have suffered brain damage. If the 10 percent myth were true, damage t perhaps 90 percent f the brain wuldn’t affect daily functining. Yet studies shw that damaging even a very small part f the brain may have devastating cnsequences. Fr example, damage t Brca’s area hinders prper frmatin f wrds and fluent speech, thugh general language cmprehensin remains intact.
Anther line f evidence against the 10 percent myth cmes frm evlutin. The adult brain nly cnstitutes 2 percent f bdy mass, yet it cnsumes ver 20 percent f the bdy’s energy. In cmparisn, the adult brains f many vertebrate species—including sme fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals—cnsume 2 t 8 percent f their bdy’s energy. The brain has been shaped by millins f years f natural selectin, which passes dwn favrable traits t increase likelihd f survival. It is unlikely that the bdy wuld dedicate s much f its energy t keep an entire brain functining if it nly uses 10 percent f the brain.
25．What des the underlined phrase “fell fr” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Believed.B．Prved.C．Develped.D．Discvered.
26．Which f the fllwing des the authr prbably agree with?
A．We have a huge ptential fr brain develpment.
B．We cnsume t much bdy energy using ur brain.
C．We rely n every part f ur brain fr daily activities.
D．We can see inactive brain areas by using brain images.
27．Which f the fllwing can best describe the authr’s attitude twards the 10 percent myth?
A．Objective.B．Dubtful.
C．Uncncerned.D．Supprtive.
28．What is the best title fr the passage?
A．What Percentage f the Human Brain Is Used?
B．Hw Can the Human Brain Be Fully Develped?
C．Hw Can the Myth f the Human Brain Be Slved?
D．What Are the Functins f the Different Parts f the Human Brain?
【答案】25．A 26．C 27．B 28．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。科学研究发现，人脑中有百分之九十没有被使用，如果我们把这部分的作用开发出来，我们会更加聪明。同时文章还介绍了与此研究相关的一些其他研究成果。
25．词义猜测题。第二段首句“Despite the evidence, the 10 percent myth has inspired many references in the cultural imaginatin.(尽管证据确凿，“10%神话”还是在文化想象中激发了许多参考)”说尽管证据表明人脑仅有百分之十被使用是荒诞的说法，但很多人还是相信它，划线词所在句“A 2013 study shwed that abut 65 percent f Americans believed the myth, and a 1998 study shwed that a full third f psychlgy majrs, wh fcus n the wrkings f the brain, fell fr it. (2013年的一项研究表明，大约65%的美国人相信这个荒诞的说法，1998年的一项研究表明，三分之一专注于大脑运作的心理学专业学生fell fr这个荒诞的说法。)”中，作者列举了2013年和1988年两个研究来证明上述观点，即很多人都还是依然相信“10%神话”，由此推知，fell fr it和前文believe表达了同样的意。故选A项。
26．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Cntrary t the 10 percent myth, scientists have prven that every part f the brain is integral fr ur daily functining..(与10%的神话相反，科学家已经证明大脑的每一部分都是我们日常运作不可或缺的。)”可知，作者支持科学家的依据和想法，所以作何可能会同意“我们的日常活动离不开大脑的任何一部分”故选C项。
27．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Hwever, there is a pwerful bdy f evidence debunking the 10 percent myth. Scientists have cnsistently shwn that humans use their entire brain thrughut each day.(然而，有大量有力的证据揭穿了10%的神话。科学家们一直表明，人类每天都在使用整个大脑。)”，第二段的“Cntrary t the 10 percent myth, scientists have prven that every part f the brain is integral fr ur daily functining.(与10%的神话相反，科学家们已经证明，大脑的每个部分都是我们日常功能不可或缺的一部分。)”，第四段的“A mre direct cunter t the 10 percent myth lies in individuals wh have suffered brain damage.(一个更直接的反驳10%神话的方法是那些遭受过脑损伤的人。)”以及最后一段的“Anther line f evidence against the 10 percent myth cmes frm evlutin. (另一个反对10%神话的证据来自进化论。)”可知，作者使用科学研究，事实和进化论否定了“10%神话”，由此可以推测出，作者对“10%神话”的观点是怀疑的。故选B项。
28．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者在文中展示了关于“10%神话”的正、反两个方面的研究，讨论了我们人类到底是不是只使用了10%的脑力。故文章主要讲的就是我们人类到底使用了百分之多少的脑力，“What Percentage f the Human Brain Is Used?(人类大脑的利用率是多少?)”是最佳标题。故选A项。
9.（2023上·北京西城·高二统考期末）As digital devices have taken ver sciety, “keybard activity is nw ften recmmended as a replacement fr early handwriting,” a new study ntes. The idea is that typing may be easier fr yung children.
The ptential benefits f handwriting fr learning and memry have been debated fr sme time. The new study set ut t answer tw questins. Hw des handwriting cmpare t using a keybard r drawing when it cmes t learning new infrmatin? And hw similar are handwriting and drawing?
In all, 12 adults and 12 seventh-graders tk part. Researchers asked each f them t write and draw with a digital pen. Each was als asked t type n a keybard. While perfrming these tasks, each vlunteer wre a cap that held electrdes (电极) next t their head. It lked smewhat like a hair net fitted with 256 sensrs, which recrded the vlunteers’ brainwaves, a type f electrical activity, as EEGs.
The electrdes nted which parts f the brain turned n during each task. And they shwed that the brain activity was abut the same in bth the kids and the adults. Writing turned n memry areas in the brain. Typing didn’t. Drawing images and writing als turned n parts f the brain invlved with learning. Writing even activated language areas.
This suggests, accrding t Van der Meer, the new study’s leader, that when we write by hand, “we bth learn better and remember better.” Her team nw suggests “that children, frm an early age, must be expsed t handwriting and drawing activities in schl.”
These new findings back up ther studies shwing ptential benefits f handwriting, says Jshua Weiner, wh was nt invlved with the new study. His wn students type faster than they can write, he finds. Slwing dwn seems t require them t “think mre” when taking ntes, he says. He adds that this culd “imprve memry and enhance learning.” Weiner cncludes that “writing may be beneficial” as it invlves mre f a “brain respnse”.
Van der Meer recgnizes that learning t write by hand is a slwer prcess. She is als aware that it requires fine mtr skills. But, she adds, “If we dn’t challenge ur brain, it can’t reach its full ptential.”
29．A cap was used in the experiment t ________.
A．give the vlunteers instructins
B．recrd the vlunteers’ every mve
C．help the vlunteers better fcus n the task
D．keep track f the vlunteers’ brain activity
30．What des Paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A．The tls invented by the researchers.B．The backgrund f the participants.
C．The prcess f the experiment.D．The applicatin f the study.
31．What did the research team find?
A．Typing made the brain mre active.
B．Writing turned n mre areas in the brain.
C．Drawing activated the area related t memry.
D．Adults culd d better than kids in taking ntes.
32．Which f the fllwing wuld Van der Meer prbably agree with?
A．Keybards shuld be used as little as pssible.
B．Requirements fr hand-written ntes will benefit kids.
C．The prcess f writing slws dwn the brain respnse.
D．Typing gives us a chance t imprve memry and learning.
【答案】29．D 30．C 31．B 32．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了手写相比打字对于大脑活动的好处，手写会激活大脑更多的区域，比如记忆区域和学习区域，孩子们应该更多地接触手写。
29．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“While perfrming these tasks, each vlunteer wre a cap that held electrdes (电极) next t their head. It lked smewhat like a hair net fitted with 256 sensrs, which recrded the vlunteers’ brainwaves, a type f electrical activity, as EEGs.(在执行这些任务时，每个志愿者头上都戴着一顶装有电极的帽子。它看起来有点像一个装有256个传感器的发网，用来记录志愿者的脑电波（一种电活动），即脑电图)”可知，帽子是用来记录志愿者们的大脑活动的。故选D项。
30．主旨大意题。根据第三段“In all, 12 adults and 12 seventh-graders tk part. Researchers asked each f them t write and draw with a digital pen. Each was als asked t type n a keybard. While perfrming these tasks, each vlunteer wre a cap that held electrdes (电极) next t their head. It lked smewhat like a hair net fitted with 256 sensrs, which recrded the vlunteers’ brainwaves, a type f electrical activity, as EEGs.(总共有12名成年人和12名七年级学生参与。研究人员要求他们每人用数码笔书写和画画。每个人还被要求在键盘上打字。在执行这些任务时，每个志愿者头上都戴着一顶装有电极的帽子。它看起来有点像一个装有256个传感器的发网，用来记录志愿者的脑电波（一种电活动），即脑电图)”可知，第三段主要介绍了实验的过程。故选C项。
31．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Drawing images and writing als turned n parts f the brain invlved with learning. Writing even activated language areas.(绘画和写作也会激活大脑中与学习有关的部分。写作甚至激活了语言区域)”可知，写作激活了大脑中更多的区域。故选B项。
32．推理判断题。根据第五段“This suggests, accrding t Van der Meer, the new study’s leader, that when we write by hand, “we bth learn better and remember better.” Her team nw suggests “that children, frm an early age, must be expsed t handwriting and drawing activities in schl.”(这项新研究的负责人范德米尔表示，这表明，当我们手写时，“我们都能更好地学习和记忆。”她的团队现在建议“孩子们，从很小的时候起，就必须在学校接触书法和绘画活动。”)”可推知，Van der Meer建议孩子们从小学习书法，因为书法对大脑活动有好处，那么她也会支持孩子们手写笔记，文章第六段用Jshua Weiner的话侧面印证了这一观点。故选B项。
10.（2023上·北京丰台·高二统考期末）University educatrs largely think highly f the wnders f teaching thrugh technlgy, but experts questin whether smething is lst when prfessrs and lecturers rely t heavily n electrnic media r when interactin with students takes place remtely — in cyberspace rather than the real space f the classrm. Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht, the Prfessr f Literature at Stanfrd University, is ne such expert. “I think this enthusiastic and smetimes childish and blind pushing tward the mre technlgy the better, the mre websites the better teacher, and s frth, is very dangerus — is, indeed, self-destructive,” he indicates.
Hwever, Gumbrecht warns that there are few, if any, studies either supprting r disapprving the assumptin that traditinal ways f teaching are superir t teaching via the Internet. He says that he culd pint nly t his “insight that real classrm presence shuld be kept,” and emphasizes the need fr educatrs t examine critically where technlgy serves a useful pedaggical (教学法的) functin and where it des nt.
Yet, Gumbrecht allws that, fr curses in which knwledge transmissin (传递) is the sle purpse, electrnic media prbably can d the jb well enugh. Indeed, given the 20th century’s knwledge explsin and the increasing csts f higher educatin, using technlgy as ppsed t real-life teachers fr the transmissin f infrmatin is prbably unavidable, he admits. In any case, knwledge transmissin shuld nt be the cre functin f the university he maintains, nting that universities shuld be places where peple deal with pen questins, places fr ‘‘intellectual cmplexity” and “riskfill thinking”.
“We are nt abut finding r transmitting slutins; we are nt abut recipes; we are nt abut making intellectual life easy. Challenges with cmplexity are what expands yur mind. It is smething like intellectual gymnastics. And this is what makes yu a suitable member f the sciety.”
Mrever, discussins in the physical presence f thers can lead t the intellectual innvatin. There’s a qualitative change, and yu dn’t knw hw it happens. Discussins in the physical presence have the pwer f being the catalyst (催化齐) fr such intellectual breakthrughs. The pssibility f in-classrm teaching — f letting smething happen which cannt happen if yu teach by the transmissin f infrmatin — is a strength.
33．What is Prfessr Gumbrecht’s majr cncern abut teaching?
A．The systems f teaching thrugh technlgy.
B．Students’ verdependence n electrnic media.
C．The trend twards the mre technlgy the better.
D．Experts’ questins n remte interactin with students.
34．Prfessr Gumbercht might agree that university educatin shuld ________.
A．replace the real-life teachers fr the increasing csts
B．facilitate slutin transmissin fr the knwledge explsin
C．prepare students fr a well-runded life fr sciety
D．help students establish cre values
35．Accrding t the passage, discussin in the physical presence f thers can________.
A．reduce the intellectual cmplexity
B．be the catalyst fr the qualitative changes
C．lead t swifter and strnger infrmatin transmissin
D．cmbine traditinal teaching ways well with technlgy
36．Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Cyberspace Interactin
B．Traditinal Teaching Has Its Place
C．The Cre Functin Of The University
D．Infrmatin Transmissin Cannt Help Yu Survive
【答案】33．B 34．C 35．B 36．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了网络教学引起了质疑。
33．细节理解题。根据第一段中““I think this enthusiastic and smetimes childish and blind pushing tward the mre technlgy the better, the mre websites the better teacher, and s frth, is very dangerus — is, indeed, self-destructive,” he indicates.(“我认为这种狂热的、有时幼稚的、盲目的追求技术越多越好，网站越多老师越好等等，是非常危险的——实际上是自毁的，”他指出)”可知，Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht关心的问题是在教学场景下使用网络技术可能丢失一些东西，结合选项，A选项：通过技术进行教学的体系，更能概括他的专注点。他的专注点是学校和老师使用网络教学可能存在的问题，故排除B选项。故选A。
34．推理判断题。根据第三段中“ In any case, knwledge transmissin shuld nt be the cre functin f the university he maintains, nting that universities shuld be places where peple deal with pen questins, places fr ‘‘intellectual cmplexity” and “riskfill thinking”.(在任何情况下，知识传播都不应该是大学的核心功能，他指出，大学应该是人们处理开放性问题的地方，是“智力复杂性”和“充满风险的思维”的地方)”以及第四段中“Challenges with cmplexity are what expands yur mind. It is smething like intellectual gymnastics. And this is what makes yu a suitable member f the sciety.(复杂的挑战能拓展你的思维。这有点像智力体操。这就是让你成为这个社会合适成员的原因)”可推知，Gumbercht教授可能同意大学教育应该让学生为社会的全面生活做好准备。故选C。
35．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Discussins in the physical presence have the pwer f being the catalyst (催化剂) fr such intellectual breakthrughs.(现场讨论能成为智力突破的催化剂)”可知，根据文章所述，在他人在场的情况下进行讨论可以成为质变的催化剂。故选 B项。
36．主旨大意题。根据文章开头“University educatrs largely think highly f the wnders f teaching thrugh technlgy, but experts questin whether smething is lst when prfessrs and lecturers rely t heavily n electrnic media r when interactin with students takes place remtely — in cyberspace rather than the real space f the classrm. (大学的教育者们高度评价通过科技所带来的教学奇迹，但是有怀疑者提出质疑，当教授和讲课过度依赖电子媒体，或者和学生的互动是通过网络而不是真实的教室空间远距离发生时，是否失去了某些东西)”以及文章结尾谈到教室内教学的优势“The pssibility f in-classrm teaching — f letting smething happen which cannt happen if yu teach by the transmissin f infrmatin — is a strength (课堂教学的可能性——通过传递信息的方式进行教学，可以让一些不可能发生的事情发生——是一种优势)”可知，文章主要讲述网络教学虽然是可以带来教学奇迹，但是过度的依赖网络教学其实是在毁灭学生们，而传统教学依旧具有它的优势，如和别人现场讨论可以产生一定的智力突破的能力。由此可知，B选项“Traditinal Teaching Has Its Place(传统教学有它的一席之地)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选B。
优选提升提
11.（2023上·北京丰台·高二统考期末）A high schl sccer player leaps int the air, hits the ball with his head and directs it t a teammate. Amid tday’s grwing awareness surrunding head injuries in sprts, wuld wearing helmets prtect the teen and prevent a pssible cncussin(脑震荡)?
Almst nt. Tw tp dctrs wh specialize in sprts helmet injuries—Dr. James Rbinsn and Dr. Larry Lemak, funders f Lemak Sprts Medicine, said that there was n gd scientific evidence that helmets culd reduce the rate f cncussin. Bth f them regarded prper training, nt helmets, as the best cncussin preventin fr sccer players.
That desn’t mean there’s n need t wrry abut sccer cncussins. Fr bys sccer, cncussins accunted fr 23 percent f all game injuries and 10 percent f all practice injuries, accrding t the study. Fr girls sccer, the study fund cncussins accunted fr 36 percent f game injuries and 31 percent f practice injuries.
Knwing that, why isn’t a helmet useful? Isn’t sme prtectin better than nne at all? The dctrs utlined several reasns helmets prvide little prtectin.
First, wearing a helmet makes the head heavier. A heavier upper part may be mre dangerus t the beginners. Secndly—and perhaps mst imprtantly fr girls, whse neck muscles are ften weaker than bys—a helmet makes the head heavier. Imagine a tp-heavy head, Rbinsn said, which increases the risk f falls. Since girls already face a heightened cncussin risk, helmets culd be especially dangerus fr them. Lastly wearing helmets ften gives teens a false sense f security. When helmets were matedated(授权)in hckey, head injuries increased ”because they felt unbeatable. “Smetimes the kids wearing helmets are mre daring,said Chad Harrelsn, bys sccer cach at St. PauPs in Mbile, ‘”because they think they have that added layer f prtectin.,,
Bth caches and dctrs agree n three main ways t prevent sccer cncussins. Firstly, learn prper rules and fllw nrms. Players wh understand sccer’s rules and behave themselves are less likely t put themselves in harm’s way. Secndly, prmte prper technique. Ifs imprtant t have players knw where ther players are psitined. This reduces cntact and can prevent head-t-head cllisins r ther dangerus situatins. Thirdly, strengthen neck muscles which can prtect bth yur necks and heads.
37．What can we learn frm the wrds f tw tp dctrs?
A．High quality helmets are a wise chice.
B．Athletes need wear helmets.
C．Science is n the side f helmets.
D．Helmets prvide little prtectin.
38．The data in paragraph 3 serves as an evidence t shw________.
A．training is the best preventin
B．hw girls players get injured
C．bys are mre likely t be hurt in training
D．why cncussin shuld be cncerned abut
39．What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A．Why helmets are useless.B．Hw helmets wrk.
C．What causes head injuries.D．Whm helmets are fit fr.
40．What des the underlined wrd “nrms” in the last paragraph mean?
A．The early examples.B．The set standards.
C．The suggestins f the athletes.D．The ways f using helmets.
【答案】37．D 38．D 39．A 40．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项科学事实：预防脑震荡最好的方法是适当的训练，而不是头盔。同时文章针对防止脑震荡提出了相关建议。
37．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Dr. James Rbinsn and Dr. Larry Lemak, funders f Lemak Sprts Medicine, said that there was n gd scientific evidence that helmets culd reduce the rate f cncussin. Bth f them regarded prper training, nt helmets, as the best cncussin preventin fr sccer players.(勒马克运动医学公司的创始人詹姆斯·罗宾逊和拉里·勒马克博士说，没有充分的科学证据表明头盔可以降低脑震荡的发生率。他们都认为，对足球运动员来说，预防脑震荡最好的方法是适当的训练，而不是头盔。)”可知，两位顶级医生认为预防脑震荡最好的方法是适当的训练，而不是头盔。故选D。
38．推理判断题。根据第三段中“ Fr bys sccer, cncussins accunted fr 23 percent f all game injuries and 10 percent f all practice injuries, accrding t the study. Fr girls sccer, the study fund cncussins accunted fr 36 percent f game injuries and 31 percent f practice injuries.( 根据这项研究，在男孩足球中，脑震荡占所有比赛受伤的23%，占所有练习受伤的10%。研究发现，在女子足球中，脑震荡占比赛受伤的36%，练习受伤的31%。)”可知，本段使用数据说明脑震荡在足球运动中已经成为一个普遍的问题，由此需要引起注意。故这些数字解释了为什么脑震荡是应该被关心的。故选D。
39．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Knwing that, why isn’t a helmet useful? Isn’t sme prtectin better than nne at all? The dctrs utlined several reasns helmets prvide little prtectin.(既然如此，为什么头盔没有用呢？有保护不是比没有强吗？医生们概述了头盔保护作用不大的几个原因。)”可知，第五段是对头盔保护作用不大的原因进行解释。故选A。
40．词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的内容“learn prper rules (学习适当的规则)”以及划线词后的内容“Players wh understand sccer’s rules and behave themselves are less likely t put themselves in harm’s way. (懂得足球规则、守规矩的球员不太可能把自己置于危险之中。)”可知，此处强调的是预防脑震荡的主要方法之一是要学习适当的规则，守规矩则可以避免足球运动员脑震荡即遵守设定的标准和规范。故划线词与B选项为同义词。故选B。
12.（2023上·北京东城·高二统考期末）Lighting has cme a lng way since Tm Edisn lit his first incandescent bulb (白炽灯泡) in the 1880s. LED bulbs are ppping up everywhere nw, n planes, car headlights, in yur phne. And engineers are explring mre ways t use LEDs—everything frm wireless data streaming t secure cmmunicatin systems and in-flight netwrking.
Engineer Harald Haas, c-funder f pureLiFi, explains hw LEDs can be used t transmit infrmatin, “LEDs have the prperty that we can change the light that cmes ut f an LED very, very quickly. That change in the brightness is what we explit in rder t encde data extremely fast, s that a receiver will then see these changes in the light intensity in a way a human eye wuld nt be able t detect. Then we have algrithms (算法) t recver these changes and get back the data stream.”
There are many advantages t using LEDs t transmit infrmatin. Fr ne thing, LEDs can cmmunicate much faster than WiFi. What’s mre, the visible light spectrum (频谱) is abut ten thusand times larger than the radi spectrum. This wuld allw cmmunicatin systems t nt nly use a spectrum that’s already been set up, but vast amunt f free spectrum, which is in cars, in ur LED lights at hme, in streetlights and s n. “It’s ubiquitus. It’s already there,” Haas says.
LiFi wuld als be mre secure than WiFi. Because light can’t g thrugh walls, peple wuld nt be able t lg n t LiFi netwrks in the same way that they’re able t lg n t and eavesdrp n (窃听) nging WiFi cmmunicatins. Haas argues that LiFi wuld als be available in places where cmmunicatin is typically difficult when we can’t use radi.
One interesting applicatin culd be t use car headlights t cmmunicate with ther drivers n the rad. “We can use these LEDs t transmit data frm car t car. Nrmally yu see the car in frnt f yu, but if yu were able t relay high-definitin vide frm, say, three cars in frnt f yu, yu culd see earlier what’s happening. This is a way we can enhance safety n ur rads,” Haas says.
Haas and his cwrkers fresee the LED light industry changing rapidly in the near future t include additinal features. “That is where LiFi plays a key rle. Frm hme sensing f interir, yu’d find ut if peple have fallen dwn and the way yu wuld navigate (导航) indrs. S many, many mre applicatins wuld be pssible with light,” Haas says.
41．What is essential t enable LEDs t send signals?
A．The research wrk by pureLiFi.B．Quickly changing light f LEDs.
C．Cmmn use f LEDs in daily life.D．Accurate analysis f light intensity.
42．What des the sentence “It’s ubiquitus.” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．LiFi’s speed is superfast.B．LED lights are free t use.
C．LEDs are stable in quality.D．Available spectrum is everywhere.
43．Haas mentins the examples in the last tw paragraphs mainly t indicate LiFi’s ________.
A．advantage in securityB．mature applicatin
C．prmising prspectD．rapid upgrades
【答案】41．D 42．D 43．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了LED可以用来传递信息，LiFi技术的优点和广阔的应用前景。
41．细节理解题。根据第二段中“That change in the brightness is what we explit in rder t encde data extremely fast, s that a receiver will then see these changes in the light intensity in a way a human eye wuld nt be able t detect. Then we have algrithms (算法) t recver these changes and get back the data stream.(亮度的变化是我们利用的，以便极快地编码数据，以便接收器能够以人眼无法检测到的方式看到光强度的这些变化。然后我们有算法（算法）来恢复这些更改并取回数据流。)”可知，LED传输信号是以人眼看不到的亮度变化来传递的，光强度的变化通过再通过特殊的算法恢复其中的信息。能否准确传递信息的关键就是可否能够准确分析光强度。故选D。
42．句意猜测题。根据第三段中“What’s mre, the visible light spectrum (频谱) is abut ten thusand times larger than the radi spectrum. This wuld allw cmmunicatin systems t nt nly use a spectrum that’s already been set up, but vast amunt f free spectrum, which is in cars, in ur LED lights at hme, in streetlights and s n. (更重要的是，可见光谱（频谱）比无线电光谱大一万倍左右。这将使通信系统不仅可以使用已经建立的频谱，还可以使用大量的自由频谱，这些频谱存在于汽车，我们家中的LED灯，路灯等中。)”可知，LED通信频谱覆盖面广，应用也非常广泛，由此可推测It’s ubiquitus的含义为可用频谱无处不在，故选D。
43．细节理解题。根据第五段中“One interesting applicatin culd be t use car headlights t cmmunicate with ther drivers n the rad.(一个有趣的应用可能是使用汽车前灯与道路上的其他司机进行交流。)”及第六段中“That is where LiFi plays a key rle. Frm hme sensing f interir, yu’d find ut if peple have fallen dwn and the way yu wuld navigate (导航) indrs. S many, many mre applicatins wuld be pssible with light(这就是LiFi发挥关键作用的地方。从家庭内部感应，你会发现人们是否摔倒了，以及你在室内导航（导航）的方式。光可以带来如此多的应用)”可知，LiFi可以应用的场景很多，前景广阔。故选C。
13.（2023上·北京石景山·高二统考期末）Lately, I’ve been thinking abut my schl life in the 1990s, when in class we were encuraged t express urselves thrugh creative writing, public speaking r perhaps taking part in sme frm f drama. And as we shared ur creativity we were imprving ur cmmunicatin skills. The emphasis here was hw best t cnvey ur thughts as clearly as pssible. Yet it seemed that all spken wrd exercises were being taught nly frm the speaker’s pint f view, with little r n time spent teaching the art f listening.
And that was a missed pprtunity because yung children are remarkable listeners. They take in wrds, ideas and speech patterns, quite ften withut ur awareness. Yet smewhere alng the way, we teach them t stp listening. Perhaps they wuld benefit frm lessns in selective silence, cncentratin, while fcusing n knwing hw t prcess all incming infrmatin. Sadly, t the best f my knwledge, n such prgrams are ffered.
We seem t spend less time actually listening t ne anther. One reasn might be the fact that we have becme a much mre visual sciety as a result f expsure t televisin, the Internet and all manner f hand-held wireless devices. We tend t be mre self-absrbed and primarily fcused n hearing urselves talk rather than listening t thers.
I attended a small family gathering a few years ag and almst everyne, except my 86-year-ld aunt, was cnstantly texting r checking email n their iPhne. It made me wnder why we had bthered t get tgether in the first place as we were paying s little attentin t ne anther. We culd just as easily have had an nline get-tgether.
Listening is indeed a rare and special talent, and ne that takes a lt f practice. But nce yu have gtten cmfrtable with the technique, yu might find yur next face-t-face talk a whle lt mre meaningful. Simply listening fr nuances(细微差别)in cnversatin will prvide s much mre cntext and substance fr the wrds yu are hearing. Remember, in rder t be interesting, yu must first be interested. And in cnversatin, yu are suppsed t be listening, nt waiting t talk.
44．What is the authr’s attitude tward the class in the 1990s?
A．Objective.B．Tlerant.C．Favrable.D．Prejudiced.
45．What might be a reasn that makes us bad listeners accrding t the authr?
A．We have less time t cmmunicate.
B．We have a sense f self-imprtance.
C．The rapid develpment f technlgy.
D．The lack f care and understanding fr thers.
46．What can we learn abut the authr’s family gathering a few years ag?
A．His aunt wasn’t gd at listening.
B．His aunt didn’t like attending family gatherings.
C．His family members were engaged in ht discussins.
D．His family members shwed little interest in ne anther.
47．What is the purpse f the last paragraph?
A．T lead a discussin.B．T give a suggestin.
C．T prvide a warning.D．T make a cmparisn.
【答案】44．A 45．C 46．D 47．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了技术的发展导致我们花在真正倾听对方的时间似乎变少了这一问题，解释了其后背的原因以及倾听他人的建议。
44．推理判断题。根据第一段“Lately, I’ve been thinking abut my schl life in the 1990s, when in class we were encuraged t express urselves thrugh creative writing, public speaking r perhaps taking part in sme frm f drama. And as we shared ur creativity we were imprving ur cmmunicatin skills. The emphasis here was hw best t cnvey ur thughts as clearly as pssible. Yet it seemed that all spken wrd exercises were being taught nly frm the speaker’s pint f view, with little r n time spent teaching the art f listening.(最近，我一直在回想我在20世纪90年代的学校生活，当时我们在课堂上被鼓励通过创造性写作、公开演讲或参加某种形式的戏剧来表达自己。当我们分享我们的创造力时，我们提高了我们的沟通技巧。这里的重点是如何尽可能清楚地表达我们的想法。然而，似乎所有的口语练习都只是从说话者的角度进行教学，很少或根本没有花时间教授倾听的艺术。)”可推知，第一段提到了英语课的好处以及缺点，即作者对20世纪90年代英语课的态度是客观的。故选A。
45．细节理解题。根据第三段中“There is n questin that we are a natin f bad listeners. One reasn might be the fact that we have becme a much mre visual sciety as result f expsure t televisin, the Internet and all manner f hand-held wireless devices.(毫无疑问，我们的国家都是糟糕的听众。其中一个原因可能是，由于电视、互联网和各种手持无线设备的使用，我们的社会变得更加视觉化)”可知，作者认为，是技术的快速发展让我们成为糟糕的倾听者。故选C。
46．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“I attended a small family gathering a few years ag and almst everyne except my 86-year-ld aunt was cnstantly texting r checking email n their iPhne. It made me wnder why we had bthered get tgether in the first place as we were paying s little attentin t ne anther.(几年前，我参加了一个小型家庭聚会，除了我86岁的姑姑，几乎所有人都在不停地用iPhne发短信或查看电子邮件。这让我很好奇，我们当初为什么要在一起，因为我们对彼此的关注如此之少)”可知，在几年前的家庭聚会中，作者的家人对彼此都不感兴趣。故选D。
47．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Remember, in rder t be interesting, yu must first be interested. And in cnversatin, yu are suppsed t be listening, nt waiting t talk.( 记住，要想做个有趣的人，你首先得有兴趣。在谈话中，你应该倾听，而不是等着说话。)”可推知，最后一段的目的针对于如何做一个有趣的人最后一段给出了建议。故最后一段的目的是给建议。故选B。
14.（2023上·北京平谷·高二统考期末）In many languages, the wrd fr “mther/mm” takes an m-sund. Is there any reasn fr such near-universality?
Linguists(语言学家) generally argue fr “the arbitrariness f the sign”: n cnnectin exists between the wrd dg and the furry quadruped. A rare exceptin is nmatpeia, where wrds representing the bark f a dg (bw-ww) and the buzz made by a bee are mre r less similar t the sund. Yet mst things are nt subject t naming this way.
What abut mama? It des nt sund like a mther, but the fact is that sme sunds are mre widespread than thers arund the wrld. There are many dzens f bserved cnsnants which are rare and hard fr nn-natives t learn.
In cntrast, a few—such as b, m, p, t, d and k—shw up far mre frequently, in nearly every spken language in the wrld. That is almst certainly because they are easy t make. A baby vcalising will, at first, make a vwel-like sund, usually smething like “ah”, which requires little in the way f cntrl ver the muth. If they briefly clse their muth and cntinue vcalising, air will cme ut f their nse, thus making the m-sund that is used in “mther” arund the wrld.
Thugh the “mamas” bear the mst bvius similarity, the “papas” have striking cmmnalities, t. Babies can easily stp their breath when they clse their lips (rather than ging n breathing thrugh the nse). This prduces a b-r a p-sund. It is surely fr this reasn that s many names fr “father” use these cnsnants: papa in English, abb in Arabic and baba in Mandarin. T-and d-sunds are similarly basic, invlving a simple tap f the tngue against the teeth: hence daddy, tatay (Tagalg) r tayta (Quechua).
Father and mther are, therefre, an ddity. F-is nt especially easy t utter(发音); th-sunds are even harder. English, Greek and Spanish are unusual in having them. Even Anglphne children may struggle with th-sunds when they are five, r lder still in many cases.
Anyway, it is hard t find linguistic universals amid the wrld’s dazzling variety.
48．What des the underlined wrd “quadruped” in Paragraph 2 mst prbably refer t?
A．PrnunciatinB．SundC．BeeD．Animal
49．“Mamas” and “papas” are used s universally because ________.
A．the sunds f the tw wrds sund alike
B．air will cme ut f baby’s muth directly
C．the sunds can be easily and naturally uttered
D．babies can cntinue their breath when clsing their lips
50．Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing wrds might be the mst difficult t articulate?
A．Frthcming.B．Prgramme.C．Magnificent.D．Magazine.
51．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．Inspiratin frm babies’ smile and talks.
B．Linguists’ effrts t the research f sunds.
C．Cnnectin between the wrd mum and dad.
D．Reasns fr similar sunds in unrelated languages.
【答案】48．D 49．C 50．A 51．D
【导语】本文是篇议论文。文章主要在探讨在不同的语言中，一些相似的发音存在的原因是什么。
48．词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句“n cnnectin exists between the wrd dg and the furry quadruped.”（单词dg和毛茸茸的 quadruped之间没有任何联系。）及句中“dg”和“furry”（长毛的）可知，划线词应该是指和狗一样的长毛的动物。故选D。
49．推理判断题。根据第四段“ a few—such as b, m, p, t, d and k—shw up far mre frequently, in nearly every spken language in the wrld. That is almst certainly because they are easy t make.”（有少数几个，比如b、 m、p、t、d和k，在世界上几乎每一种口语中出现的频率都要高得多，这几乎可以肯定是因为它们容易发出。）可知，“Mamas”和“Papas”被如此普遍使用是因为它们会很容易、很自然地被发出读音。故选C。
50．推理判断题。根据最后一段“F-is nt especially easy t utter(发音); th-sunds are even harder.”（F -不是特别容易发音；th音更难发音。）可知，选项A中的含有“F”和“th”，所以最难清晰地发音。故选A。
51．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In many languages, the wrd fr “mther/mm” takes an m-sund. Is there any reasn fr such near-universality?”（在许多语言中，““mther/mm”这个词带有m音，这种近乎普遍的现象有什么原因吗?）并结合全文可知，本文主要在讨论许多发音普遍存在于不同的语言中的原因。故选D。
15.（2023上·北京朝阳·高二统考期末）I have a friend wh bird watches. She feels cmfrtable whenever she’s ding it. If yu ask her why she likes it, she will say things like “Well, birds are the wrld’s mst magical creatures.” I have anther friend wh knits. She likes it because it’s satisfying, and has an astnishingly impressive impact n peple fr whm being able t knit glves is ut f reach.
As a term, “hbby” has always been f arguable meaning. Ask smene what they think a hbby is, and yu’ll get a dictinary definitin that they will have just lked up n their phnes and, then, a passinate speech n all f the activities that can under n circumstances be put int grups as hbbies by their wn highly unique and inflexible standards. Being nline is nt a hbby, apparently, nr is listening t music.
Hardly anyne knws what a hbby is, and this is particularly the case nw that s many f us are spending ur leisure time nline arguing abut these srts f basic definitins with peple, as the writer Max Read put it in an essay, “t whm the wrld has been created again every mrning, fr whm every settled argument f mdernity must be rewritten, but this time with their engagement.”
Even taking these difficulties int accunt, hwever, it seems bvius that birdwatching and knitting are classic hbbies. They are enjyable, invlve practice and reward effrt, and they are given immediate access t a grup with the same interests. They are the srts f hbbies advice clumnists (专栏作家) have in mind when peple write in abut their imbalanced lives. It’s interesting, then, that nt ne f my tw clearly hbby-having friends wuld admit t the practice.
They wrried that their hbbies, which give them pleasure and keep them far frm their cmputers, made them seem like they had t much leisure time and t Lew inner resurces that wuld enable them t naturally avid bredm. They are fully paid-up members f sciety, with busy lives, fulfilling interpersnal relatinships and, again, hbbies that make them happy. It’s just that hbbies have an undeservedly bad reputatin, ne made wrse by the Internet, like everything else.
The birdwatcher said the prblem with having a hbby was that it made peple seem like they were cntributing and learning nthing. The knitter said that she persnally cnnected hbbies with having n friends and n idea f what nrmal peple d t have fun, Actually, they d nt want t be seen as mad peple wh intentinally get away frm the crrect curse.
Well, I enjy certain light peras. I play music fr my wn amusement. And yes, I am an rdinary student, and that is nt a sign f madness.
52．The authr mentins tw friends with different hbbies in Paragraph 1 mainly t .
A．explain the definitin f “hbby”
B．attract the readers’ attentin t hbbies
C．stress the imprtance f having a hbby
D．cmpare tw different types f hbbies
53．What des the authr mean by quting Max Read in Paragraph 3?
A．“Hbby” as a term can nly be defined withut the Internet.
B．Peple nline discuss the definitin f “hbby” t change lives.
C．Peple create a new wrld by expressing their ideas f hbbies nline.
D．It is hard fr nline peple t reach an agreement n the definitin f “hbby”.
54．What can be inferred frm the tw friends’ cncerns abut their hbbies?
A．They are afraid f being seen as crazy peple.
B．They fear their hbbies are nt impressive enugh.
C．They find it necessary t share hbbies t balance their lives.
D．They refuse t share their feelings abut their hbbies with mad peple.
55．What des the authr intend t tell us in the last paragraph?
A．Hbbies are great fr peple’s mental health.
B．Different peple have their wn standards f hbbies.
C．It is reasnable and nrmal fr peple t have hbbies.
D．Peple wh suffer frm madness can als have hbbies.
【答案】52．B 53．D 54．A 55．C
【导语】这是一篇议论文。一直以来，对于“爱好”的定义众说纷纭，并无定论。作者认为只要是能自娱自乐，哪怕拥有一些小众另类的爱好，也是正常合理的。
52．目的意图题。根据第二段“As a term, “hbby” has always been f arguable meaning. (一直以来，爱好都是一个颇具争议的话题)”可知，作者于第一段中讲述了喜欢编织和赏鸟的两位朋友的生活故事，以此引起读者对“爱好”这个话题的关注，故选B项。
53．推理判断题。根据第三段“Hardly anyne knws what a hbby is, and this is particularly the case nw that s many f us are spending ur leisure time nline arguing abut these srts f basic definitins with peple, (几乎没人知道爱好是什么，尤其是现在我们很多人都把闲暇时间花在网上和别人争论这些基本的定义上)”可知，Max Read的引言表明在网络上人们对爱好的基本定义看法不一，争论不断，故选D项。
54．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Actually, they d nt want t be seen as mad peple wh intentinally get away frm the crrect curse. (事实上，他们不想被看作是刻意偏离正确路线的疯子)”可知，这两位朋友不愿将自己私下的爱好为旁人所知，是因为他们害怕被视为不走寻常路的异类或疯子，故选A项。
55．段落意图题。根据最后一段“Well, I enjy certain light peras. I play music fr my wn amusement. And yes, I am an rdinary student, and that is nt a sign f madness. (嗯，我喜欢一些轻歌剧。我演奏音乐是为了自娱自乐。是的，我是一个普通的学生，这并不是发疯的表现)”可知，作者认为拥有一些爱好，自娱自乐，怡情养性，是再正常合理不过的事情了，故选C项。