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2022-2023学年山东省临沂市六县高二下学期期中考试英语试题含答案
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这是一份2022-2023学年山东省临沂市六县高二下学期期中考试英语试题含答案，共9页。
2021级普通高中学科素养水平监测试卷
英语
本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分。考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Why does the man need a haircut?
A. To attend a wedding. B. To look good at work. C. To meet the woman’s parents.
2. Who will the speakers invite to the game?
A. Sandy. B. Don. C. Tom.
3. What are the speakers talking about?
A. An actress. B. An author. C.A movie director.
4. Where are the speakers?
A. In a classroom. B. At a hospital. C. On a football field.
5. What does the woman suggest the man do?
A. Travel within his country. B. Avoid traveling by air. C. Make good travel plans.
第二节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟：听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。
6. When is the computer club scheduled this year?
A. On Monday nights. B. On Tuesday nights. C. On Wednesday nights.
7. What does the man need to focus on this year?
A. Friendship. B. University applications. C. Club activities.
听第7段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。
8. What does Ryan want to do?
A. Walk to school with his friends.
B. Take a walk with the woman.
C. Talk to his father.
9. How does the woman feel about Ryan’s idea?
A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Impatient.
听第8段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。
10. What type of drink does the man prefer?
A. A cold juice. B. A hot coffee. C. A sugar -free tea.
11. What does the woman want to watch first?
A. A football game. B. A speech. C. A movie.
12. What will the man do next?
A. Look for an empty table. B. Call his parents. C. Wait in line.
听第9段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。
13. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Parent and child. B. Brother and sister. C. Shop keeper and customer.
14. Why does the woman want to buy the new phone?
A Its Internet connection is better.
B. Its camera is very powerful.
C. Its battery lasts longer.
15. What is the woman’s hobby?
A. Taking photos of birds. B. Trying new technologies. C. Visiting museums.
16. How does the man suggest the woman get the phone?
A. By asking her mother to buy it.
B By waiting until the price drops.
C. By making money on her own.
听第10段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。
17. Which festival is coming up?
A. Easter. B. Christmas. C. Thanksgiving.
18. When did the speaker begin teaching at the high school?
A. At the age of 23. B. At the age of 32. C. At the age of 33.
19. What hobby has the speaker taken up recently?
A. Painting. B. French. C. Gardening.
20. What happened to the speaker in June?
A. Her son got married.
B. Her grandchild was born.
C. Her family celebrated her birthday.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Sunset Paddle (划桨) Trip in Johnsonville State Historic Park
Time: 6:00 pm-8:00 pm, August 3.
Gathering place: Following the blue directional signs at the park entrance.
REGISTER FOR THE EVENT
Join us for a relaxing paddle trip, which will be led by park keepers as we explore the shores of Kentucky Lake. Together we will search historic sites associated with the Civil War and Town Era history of Old Johnsonville. As we kill time in the evening, we’ ll keep a lookout for wildlife and enjoy an absolutely amazing sunset over the Tennessee River. Anyone can join the trip; no previous paddling experience is necessary. Park keepers leading the trip are experienced paddlers that are certified in CPR in first aid.
ADDITIONAL PROGRAM INFORMATION—RENTED CANOES (独木舟)
$20 a canoe is for non-members and $15 a canoe for members. A maximum of 6 canoes are available to rent for this trip. Each canoe is limited to 3 adults or 2 adults/2 children. Canoes, paddles , and life jackets are provided at the same time. Free life jackets and liability waivers (安全免责书) are required for all participants.
No pets will be permitted on this trip as they may disturb wildlife we may be trying to view. The trip will be called off in the event of severe weather and a refund can be applied for. The decision to call off the trip should be made before 12:00 pm on the day prior to the trip. Otherwise no refund will be issued.
NOTICE
You are recommended to wear water-resistant clothes and shoes, as well as a hat. You need to bring a water bottle. Sunscreen and bug spray will be available if needed. Check-in will begin at 5:45 pm; don’t be late.
1. What can visitors do during their trip?
A. Watch some wildlife. B. Learn to perform CPR.
C. Have a picnic by the river. D. Visit historic sites on an old lake.
2. How much will 18 adult visitors pay at least to rent canoes without membership?
A. 75 dollars. B. 90 dollars.
C. 120 dollars. D. 180 dollars.
3. What is a must for visitors to take the trip?
A. Signing liability waivers. B. Having paddling experience.
C. Reserving the tickets in advance. D. Bringing their water-resistant clothes.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了日落划桨之旅的活动内容及注意事项。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据REGISTER FOR THE EVENT部分中的关键句“As we kill time in the evening, we’ ll keep a lookout for wildlife and enjoy an absolutely amazing sunset over the Tennessee River.”（当我们在晚上消磨时间时，我们可以观赏野生动物，欣赏田纳西河上绝对令人惊叹的日落。）可知，旅途中，我们可以观赏野生动物，由此可知，游客在旅途中可以观赏一些野生动物。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据ADDITIONAL PROGRAM INFORMATION—RENTED CANOES (独木舟)下第一段关键句“$20 a canoe is for non-members and $15 a canoe for members. A maximum of 6 canoes are available to rent for this trip. Each canoe is limited to 3 adults or 2 adults/2 children.”（非会员20美元一艘，会员15美元一艘。此次旅行最多可租用6艘独木舟。每艘独木舟限3名成人或2名成人/2名儿童乘坐。）可知，每艘独木舟限3名成人乘坐，18名成年游客需要租6艘，非会员20美元一艘，经过简单计算可知，18名成年游客在没有会员资格的情况下租用独木舟至少要支付120美元。故选C项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据ADDITIONAL PROGRAM INFORMATION—RENTED CANOES (独木舟)下第一段关键句“Free life jackets and liability waivers (安全免责书) are required for all participants.”（所有参与者都需要免费救生衣和安全免责书。）可知，参加的人必须有安全免责书，由此可知，游客必须签署安全免责书才能参加旅行。故选A项。
B
For most of us teaching seventh-grader English would be similar to teaching flying monkeys to sit. Just thinking about it, we might feel frustrated. But it was not for Miss Smith. For 40 years, she stood in front of her classroom, tapping the blackboard where an inspirational quote was drawn neatly. “Open your notebook and write,” she would instruct. If a student was late, she would simply say, “Write about why you are late today.” The content and style didn’t matter. It was the connection of thought to paper that was the aim.
If you write long enough, these thoughts will turn into feelings and feelings on paper become visible, clear enough to examine. The anxiety of seventh-graders, the puberty (青春期) crisis and the mixture of emotions need a way out. Miss Smith knew that. She knew her teenage students needed to develop their own guidance systems, or they needed to deal with the forces that surrounded them.
The quotes Miss Smith carefully wrote on the chalkboard were inspirational, and could encourage self-reflection. Most of the notebooks were filled with silly nonsense, like looking forward to pancakes for lunch, or worse, line after line stating that they didn’t know what to write then. Regardless of those, Miss Smith read every entry and in neat red handwriting, wrote notes of encouragement and praise.
She would read Shakespeare and ask how Romeo must have felt about being rejected by his friends and family. The characters in the literature gave students permission to get emotional growth in a safe way, and the words inside those notebooks became more and more personal as time went on. Those who used to be problem students and need saving later became journalists and fiction writers.
No one would disagree that she made every student feel they are not only what they are now but they are more. That point drove them to work hard and see what that “more” was going to be. This is the greatest charm of Miss Smith.
4. What can be learned about Miss Smith?
A. She was easy to get frustrated with her job.
B. She always got students to express feelings by writing.
C. She was assigned to teach the worst class in the school.
D. She had taught the English writing course for forty years.
5. What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to?
A. The advantages of recording life on paper.
B. The importance of puberty for a child’s development.
C. The difficulty of understanding and guarding children’s rights.
D. The characteristics of teenage children and the coping methods.
6. What’s the feature of the sentences in most students’ original notebooks?
A. They’re nearly meaningless.
B. They’re quotes from famous people.
C. They’ re a great encouragement to students.
D. They’ re inspirational and set people thinking.
7. What’s the author mainly trying to show in Paragraph 4?
A. Miss Smith treats her students equally.
B. Miss Smith has a wide knowledge of literature.
C. Miss Smith’s teaching methods turn out successful.
D. Miss Smith teaches students according to their potential.
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍一位英语教师，她让学生通过写作来表达自己的感受，通过文学作品的影响让学生以安全的方式获得青春期的情感成长。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段关键句““Open your notebook and write,” she would instruct. If a student was late, she would simply say, “Write about why you are late today.” The content and style didn’t matter. It was the connection of thought to paper that was the aim.”（“打开你的笔记本写字，”她会指示道。如果一个学生迟到了，她会简单地说：“写下你今天为什么迟到。”内容和风格无关紧要。我们的目的是将思想与纸联系起来。）可知，史密斯老师让学生们将思想与纸联系起来，通过写作来表达自己的感受，例如她会让学生写下为什么迟到，由此可知，史密斯老师总是让学生通过写作来表达自己的感受。故选B项。
【5题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线单词上文“The anxiety of seventh-graders, the puberty (青春期) crisis and the mixture of emotions need a way out.”（七年级学生的焦虑、青春期危机和情绪的混合需要一条出路。）可知，七年级学生面临着各种青春期危机，需要一个解决办法，由此可知，史密斯老师知道解决办法是什么，她知道青少年儿童的特点和应对方法，“that”代指的是“青少年儿童的特点和应对方法”。故选D项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“Most of the notebooks were filled with silly nonsense, like looking forward to pancakes for lunch, or worse, line after line stating that they didn’t know what to write then.”（大多数笔记本上都写满了愚蠢的废话，比如期待午餐吃煎饼，或者更糟的是，一行接一行地说他们当时不知道该写什么。）可知，起初大多数笔记本上都写满了愚蠢的废话，由此可知，大多数学生原来笔记本上的句子的特点是几乎毫无意义。故选A项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段关键句“The characters in the literature gave students permission to get emotional growth in a safe way, and the words inside those notebooks became more and more personal as time went on. Those who used to be problem students and need saving later became journalists and fiction writers.”（文学作品中的人物允许学生以安全的方式获得情感成长，随着时间的推移，笔记本里的文字变得越来越个人化。那些曾经是问题学生、需要拯救的人后来成为了记者和小说作家。）可知，在史密斯老师的教导下，那些曾经是问题学生、需要拯救的人后来成为了记者和小说作家，由此可知，史密斯老师的教学方法很成功。故选C项。
C
We humans often say that a growling dog is “angry” or a purring cat is “happy”. But those terms are of little use to scientists like David Anderson who studies the brain circuits (脑回路) involved in emotional behaviors.
“We have to do more than just project our own emotions onto other animals,” he says. Yet Anderson describes research from his lab that suggests the brain circuits underlying human emotions have a lot in common with circuits found in animals’. “What lies beneath feelings,” he says, “is brain states that produce certain behaviors. And that’s the part of emotions we share in common with animals and that scientists can study.”
For example, Anderson’s lab has investigated fruit flies that become much more active when they see a moving shadow looking like their natural enemy. “We see that the more times we deliver the shadow the jumpier the flies become,” he says. And the flies keep jumping long after the shadow is gone. Anderson would behave much the same if he saw a snake. “I’d jump in the air,” he says. “Even for minutes after the snake had slipped away into the bushes, my heart would be pounding, and I’d probably jump every time I saw a snakelike object—even if it was a stick.”
That sort of behavior is typical of an ongoing brain state called defensive arousal(防御性唤醒). It’s present in both fruit flies and people which is why Anderson believes studying fear of an insect or a mouse is meaningful as it can reveal a lot about human emotions. “We can try to figure out how the brain is generating that state and what makes the animal finally calm down,” Anderson says. “We now understand specific parts of the circuit that increase fear and other parts of the circuit that decrease fear,” Anderson says. The next step, he says, is to figure out how to tweak that circuit to reduce the fear response of people with certain diseases like PTSD.
8. What does Anderson think about people’s common description of animals emotions?
A. It is limited by people’s knowledge of brain functions.
B. It is too subjective to be regarded as scientific evidence.
C. It is actually some misunderstanding of animals behavior.
D. It is meaningless to the study of animals’ emotional behavior.
9. Why are the examples mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A. To prove the effect of natural enemies on flies’ behavior.
B. To show similarities between human and animal emotions.
C. To mention the great influence of Anderson’s bad experience.
D. To stress the effects of negative emotions on people and animals
10. What does the underlined word “tweak” in the last paragraph mean?
A. Replace. B. Predict. C. Adjust. D. Observe.
11. What will the further research mainly focus on?
A. Looking beyond human feelings. B. Figuring out more human brain states.
C. Finding a cure for certain mental diseases. D. Changing traditional ways of treating animals.
【答案】8. B 9. B 10. C 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究表明人类情绪的大脑回路与动物的大脑回路有很多共同之处，文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及意义。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“But those terms are of little use to scientists like David Anderson who studies the brain circuits (脑回路) involved in emotional behaviors.(但这些术语对于像大卫·安德森这样研究与情绪行为有关的大脑回路的科学家来说用处不大)”以及第二段““We have to do more than just project our own emotions onto other animals,” he says.(“我们要做的不仅仅是把自己的情绪投射到其他动物身上，”他说。)”可知，安德森认为人们对动物情感的常见描述对动物情感行为的研究太主观了，不能被视为科学证据。故选B。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“For example, Anderson’s lab has investigated fruit flies that become much more active when they see a moving shadow looking like their natural enemy. “We see that the more times we deliver the shadow the jumpier the flies become,” he says. And the flies keep jumping long after the shadow is gone. Anderson would behave much the same if he saw a snake. “I’d jump in the air,” he says. “Even for minutes after the snake had slipped away into the bushes, my heart would be pounding, and I’d probably jump every time I saw a snakelike object — even if it was a stick.”(例如，安德森的实验室研究了果蝇，当它们看到一个看起来像天敌的移动阴影时，它们会变得更加活跃。他说：“我们发现，投射阴影的次数越多，苍蝇就越跳。”影子消失后，苍蝇还在不停地跳。如果安德森看到一条蛇，他也会做出同样的举动。“我会跳到空中，”他说。“甚至在蛇溜进灌木丛几分钟后，我的心就会砰砰直跳，每次看到像蛇一样的东西，我可能都会跳起来——即使它是一根棍子。”)”可推知，第3段提到例子是为了显示人类和动物情感的相似之处。故选B。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“that circuit to reduce the fear response of people with certain diseases like PTSD”可知，要减少患有某些疾病（如创伤后应激障碍）的人的恐惧反应，需要调整这些回路。故画线词意思是“调整”。故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段““We now understand specific parts of the circuit that increase fear and other parts of the circuit that decrease fear,” Anderson says. The next step, he says, is to figure out how to tweak that circuit to reduce the fear response of people with certain diseases like PTSD.(安德森说：“我们现在了解了神经回路中增加恐惧的特定部分，以及减少恐惧的其他部分。”他说，下一步是弄清楚如何调整这个回路，以减少患有某些疾病（如创伤后应激障碍）的人的恐惧反应)”可推知，下一步的研究重点是了解更多的人类大脑状态。故选B。
D
A well-intentioned solution is often offered to climate-conscious consumers: to replace beef on our plates with chicken. While on paper this brings down an individual’s dietary carbon footprint, in practice this would mean that billions more animals will be killed each year. Meanwhile, even more factory farms continue to harm the climate and us humans in the process. Much can be debated about the best way to deal with climate change but one of its sources is undoubtedly true: the way we produce food — specifically meat — spells disaster for our planet.
It’s true that for every gram of protein, conventional beef has almost 10 times the carbon footprint of chicken. Beef uses 23 times as much farmland and 3 times as much water. But the consumption shift from beef to chicken is contributing to a crisis of another kind. Approximately 134 chickens must be killed to produce one cow’s worth of meat, which is extremely cruel and environmentally unfriendly, causing dead zones and having damaging chain effects on the communities living near these facilities whose health, water supply, and quality of life are affected by this pollution.
The most influential dietary change we can make to reduce our individual influence on animals and the environment is actually to shift from conventionally produced, factory - farmed animal products to pasture -based (基于牧场的) meat, eggs or dairy products and plant -based protein sources. It’s not all-or-nothing. The average American could cut their diet-related environmental influences by nearly half just by eating less meat and fewer eggs and dairy products. Gradually, individual changes can add up to a big difference to both animals and the environment, but the responsibility shouldn’t fall on individuals alone. We urgently need our government to stop enforcing this disastrous system and redirect support to more humane, sustainable food and production methods.
To spare animals from suffering, slow down climate change and safeguard our food system, we need to take factory farming off the table. It’s time to stop leaping from the frying pan to the fire and rethink our food system.
12. What can we know about the “well-intentioned solution”?
A. It is actually a recipe for disaster.
B. It works well in reducing the carbon footprint.
C. It means a change in our way of raising animals.
D. It was put forward by climate-conscious consumers.
13. How does the author argue his point in Paragraph 2?
A. By doing surveys. B. By giving examples.
C. By referring to papers. D. By using persuasive data.
14. What does the third paragraph mainly talk about?
A. The effort the government has put into the food system.
B. Influences people’s eating habit has on the environment.
C. The changes individuals and the government should make.
D. Measures the government can take to limit human activities.
15. What does the author want to stress in the text?
A. It’s necessary to say no to factory farming.
B. It’s time to replace beef on our plates with chicken.
C. We need to take animal-based products off our table.
D. Turning from factory farming to pasture farming takes time.
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了工厂化养殖导致了动物痛苦，危害气候和人类。为了减少我们个人对动物和环境的影响，我们所能做的最有影响力的饮食改变实际上是从传统生产的、工厂养殖的动物产品转向以牧草为基础的肉、蛋或乳制品以及植物性蛋白质来源。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“A well-intentioned solution is often offered to climate-conscious consumers: to replace beef on our plates with chicken. While on paper this brings down an individual’s dietary carbon footprint, in practice this would mean that billions more animals will be killed each year. Meanwhile, even more factory farms continue to harm the climate and us humans in the process.(一个善意的解决方案经常被提供给有气候意识的消费者:用鸡肉代替我们盘子里的牛肉。虽然从理论上讲，这减少了个人饮食中的碳足迹，但实际上这意味着每年将有数十亿多的动物被杀死。与此同时，更多的工厂化农场在这个过程中继续危害气候和我们人类。)”可知，善意的解决方案实际上是一种灾难。故选A。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“It’s true that for every gram of protein, conventional beef has almost 10 times the carbon footprint of chicken. Beef uses 23 times as much farmland and 3 times as much water. But the consumption shift from beef to chicken is contributing to a crisis of another kind. Approximately 134 chickens must be killed to produce one cow’s worth of meat, which is extremely cruel and environmentally unfriendly, causing dead zones and having damaging chain effects on the communities living near these facilities whose health, water supply, and quality of life are affected by this pollution.(的确，每克蛋白质，传统牛肉的碳足迹几乎是鸡肉的10倍。牛肉消耗了23倍的农田和3倍的水。但从牛肉到鸡肉的消费转变正在造成另一种危机。生产相当于一头牛的肉必须杀死大约134只鸡，这是极其残忍和对环境不利的，造成了死亡地带，并对生活在这些设施附近的社区产生了破坏性的连锁效应，这些社区的健康、供水和生活质量都受到这种污染的影响)”可推知，作者在第二段中通过使用有说服力的数据论证他的观点。故选D。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“The most influential dietary change we can make to reduce our individual influence on animals and the environment is actually to shift from conventionally produced, factory-farmed animal products to pasture -based (基于牧场的) meat, eggs or dairy products and plant-based protein sources. It’s not all-or-nothing. The average American could cut their diet-related environmental influences by nearly half just by eating less meat and fewer eggs and dairy products. Gradually, individual changes can add up to a big difference to both animals and the environment, but the responsibility shouldn’t fall on individuals alone. We urgently need our government to stop enforcing this disastrous system and redirect support to more humane, sustainable food and production methods.(为了减少我们个人对动物和环境的影响，我们所能做的最有影响力的饮食改变实际上是从传统生产的、工厂养殖的动物产品转向以牧场为基础的肉、蛋或乳制品和以植物为基础的蛋白质来源。这不是全有或全无的问题。普通美国人只要少吃肉、少吃鸡蛋和奶制品，就能将饮食对环境的影响减少近一半。渐渐地，个人的改变会对动物和环境产生巨大的影响，但责任不应该只落在个人身上。我们迫切需要我们的政府停止执行这个灾难性的系统，并将支持转向更人道、更可持续的食品和生产方法)”可知，第三段主要讲了个人和政府应该做出的改变。故选C。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“To spare animals from suffering, slow down climate change and safeguard our food system, we need to take factory farming off the table.(为了让动物免受痛苦，减缓气候变化，保护我们的粮食系统，我们需要停止工厂化养殖)”可推知，作者想在文中强调有必要对工厂化养殖说不。故选A。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
No one’s perfect. Here, Kamran explains why he believes perfection isn’t a realistic goal.
You are chasing a myth. ____16____ So it’s exhausting keeping up with the idea, in your head, of what perfection is. You’ ll be constantly updating your concept of it from one day to the next. This can lead to you being overly self-critical. Instead of feeling happy with what you’ve achieved, you feel dissatisfied.
____17____ A constant reach for perfection can be very distracting from the present moment. When you get to a certain place that you’ve worked towards, instead of noticing it, embracing it and enjoying it, you switch to wanting more. This leads you into a trap of constantly re-evaluating areas of your life. Life can actually be very good in the present moment, like when you’re appreciating friends and family and celebrating the little wins.____18____
____19____ Without realizing, you can end up finding and picking out imperfections in others and becoming an overly critical person who expects too much. You might find people want to distance themselves from you, or you may find challenges arising more frequently in your personal relationships.
Your mental health can suffer. Not only might you feel anxious that you’ re not where you want to be in life, you may feel emotionally low as a result of desiring perfection and constantly critiquing aspects of your life. ____20____ They are mentally, emotionally and physically draining and can leave you feeling burnt out or even depressed.
A. You’ll not abandon it.
B. Perfection doesn’t exist.
C. You might judge others unfairly.
D. You won’t enjoy the small things.
E. This can cause feelings of being defeated.
F. Exercise can help remove the bad feelings.
G. All these can go unnoticed if you’re focused on future-based thinking.
【答案】16. B 17. D 18. G 19. C 20. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了为什么完美不是一个现实的目标。
【16题详解】
根据前文“You are chasing a myth.(你在追逐一个神话)”以及后文“So it’s exhausting keeping up with the idea, in your head, of what perfection is.(所以，在你的头脑中不断思考什么是完美是很累人的)”可知此处在讲述完美像神话一样，应该是不存在的，所以B项“Perfection doesn’t exist.(完美是不存在的)”符合文意，且和后文构成因果关系。故选B项。
【17题详解】
分析设空，空处位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“A constant reach for perfection can be very distracting from the present moment. When you get to a certain place that you’ve worked towards, instead of noticing it, embracing it and enjoying it, you switch to wanting more. This leads you into a trap of constantly re-evaluating areas of your life. (断追求完美会分散你对当下的注意力。当你到达一个你已经努力过的地方，而不是注意到它，拥抱它，享受它，你转而想要更多。这会让你陷入一个不断重新评估生活方方面面的陷阱。)”可知，本段是在讲述追求完美时会让你忽略生活中的美好，所以D项“You won’t enjoy the small things.(你不会享受小事)”符合文意。故选D项。
【18题详解】
分析设空，空处位于段尾，应是本段的总结句，根据前文“Life can actually be very good in the present moment, like when you’re appreciating friends and family and celebrating the little wins.(当下的生活其实是很美好的，就像你感激朋友和家人，庆祝小小的胜利)”所以G项“All these can go unnoticed if you’re focused on future-based thinking.(如果你专注于基于未来的思考，所有这些都可能被忽视)”是对前文的总结，符合文意。故选G项。
【19题详解】
分析设空，空处位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Without realizing, you can end up finding and picking out imperfections in others and becoming an overly critical person who expects too much. You might find people want to distance themselves from you, or you may find challenges arising more frequently in your personal relationships.(在没有意识到的情况下，你可能会发现并挑出别人的缺点，成为一个过于挑剔、期望过高的人。你可能会发现人们想要与你保持距离，或者你可能会发现人际关系中出现的挑战越来越频繁)”可知，本段主要讲述了，追求完美的人，会过渡的苛责他人，所以C项“You might judge others unfairly.(你可能会不公正地评判别人)”是本段主题，符合文意。故选C项。
【20题详解】
根据前文“Your mental health can suffer. Not only might you feel anxious that you’ re not where you want to be in life, you may feel emotionally low as a result of desiring perfection and constantly critiquing aspects of your life.(你的精神健康会受到影响。你不仅会因为没有达到你想要的生活而感到焦虑，还会因为渴望完美和不断批评生活的方方面面而感到情绪低落)”以及后文“They are mentally, emotionally and physically draining and can leave you feeling burnt out or even depressed.(它们会让你在精神上、情感上和身体上精疲力竭，甚至感到沮丧)”可知，此处是在讲述过于追求完美，会造成你精神上的伤害，所以E项“This can cause feelings of being defeated.(这会导致挫败感)”符合文意，下文“They”代指选项中的“feelings of being defeated”。故选E项。
第三部分 语言运用(共三节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B，C，D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
In 2005, a sheepherder (牧羊人), Sanu Sherpa, in a remote village of Nepal’s eastern mountain region came to Kathmandu.
Sanu Sherpa had ____21____ of making a good life here. At the same time, he also had a ____22____of becoming a climbing guide, a well-paid and respected ____23____. He initially worked as a porter. In 2006 Sanu became a mountaineer after ____24____climbing Cho Oyu in his first ____25____. After 16 years, Sanu has set a new world record in mountaineering history.
The 47-year-old Sherpa has become the first climber in the world to ____26____ the planet’s 14 highest mountains, not once, but twice — a feat that no other climber has ____27____.
Sanu’s journey has its own ____28____. He has to face a(n) ____29____fact that over the years, many Sherpas have died while ____30____foreign climbers up to the peaks. However, overcoming difficulties to stand on peaks gives him a great sense of excitement.
“A climbing Sherpa is a hero. That really ____31____me,” said Sanu. “Climbing all 14 peaks above 8000 metres was ____32____not in my mind. But after reaching four peaks in 2021, I started thinking, ‘Why not other peaks?’” He then carried out the plan ____33____.
“I didn’t think I could stand on peaks again and again when I was a porter. So for people who admire others and feel ____34____ about themselves just ____35____ your worries and get started.”
21. A. dreamt B. approved C. heard D. spoken
22. A. goal B. task C. right D. chance
23. A. title B. job C. field D. honour
24. A. hurriedly B. anxiously C. successfully D. cautiously
25. A. stage B. attempt C. section D. contest
26. A. appreciate B. discover C. observe D. challenge
27. A. achieved B. remembered C. imagined D. predicted
28. A. advantages B. approaches C. limitations D. adventures
29. A. depressing B. arguable C. interesting D. impressive
30. A. persuading B. guiding C. inviting D. pushing
31. A. changes B. improves C. surprises D. attracts
32. A. constantly B. originally C. occasionally D. finally
33. A. doubtfully B. reliably C. firmly D. faithfully
34. A. disappointed B. regretful C. impatient D. unconfident
35. A. express B. remove C. share D. control
【答案】21. A 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Sanu Sherpa一次成功登山之后，成为了一名登山者。这位47岁的夏尔巴人已经成为世界上第一个挑战地球上14座最高山峰的登山者，不是一次，而是两次——这是其他登山者没有做到的壮举。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：萨努·夏尔巴曾梦想在这里过上好日子。A. dreamt梦想；B. approved赞成；C. heard听见；D. spoken说。根据后文“of making a good life here”以及下文提到了他当向导的目标，可知，萨努·夏尔巴曾梦想在这里过上好日子。dream of表示“梦想……”。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，他还有一个目标——成为一名登山向导，一份薪水高、受人尊敬的工作。A. goal目标；B. task任务；C. right权利；D. chance机会。根据后文“of becoming a climbing guide”可知，成为登山导向是他的一个目标。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，他还有一个目标——成为一名登山向导，一份薪水高、受人尊敬的工作。A. title标题；B. job工作；C. field领域；D. honour荣誉。根据上文“becoming a climbing guide”可知登山向导是一份工作。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：2006年，萨努第一次成功攀登了Cho Oyu山，成为了一名登山者。A. hurriedly匆忙地；B. anxiously焦虑地；C. successfully成功地；D. cautiously谨慎地。根据上文“In 2006 Sanu became a mountaineer”可知，萨努成为了一名登山者说明成功攀登了Cho Oyu山，故选C。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：2006年，萨努第一次成功攀登了Cho Oyu山，成为了一名登山者。A. stage阶段；B. attempt尝试；C. section部分；D. contest比赛。根据上文“He initially worked as a porter.(他最初是做搬运工的)”可知，他最初是做搬运工的，说明这是第一次尝试登山。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位47岁的夏尔巴人已经成为世界上第一个挑战地球上14座最高山峰的登山者，不是一次，而是两次——这是其他登山者没有做到的壮举。A. appreciate感激；B. discover发现；C. observe观察；D. challenge挑战。根据后文“the planet’s 14 highest mountains”指挑战地球上14座最高山峰。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位47岁的夏尔巴人已经成为世界上第一个挑战地球上14座最高山峰的登山者，不是一次，而是两次——这是其他登山者没有做到的壮举。A. achieved实现；B. remembered记得；C. imagined想象；D. predicted预测。根据上文“a feat that no other climber has”中feat表示壮举，故这里指其他登山者没有实现的壮举。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：萨努的旅程本身也有冒险。A. advantages优势；B. approaches方法；C. limitations限制；D. adventures冒险。根据后文“He has to face a(n) 9 fact that over the years, many Sherpas have died while 10 foreign climbers up to the peaks.(他不得不面对一个令人沮丧的事实：多年来，许多夏尔巴人在引导外国登山者攀登山峰的过程中丧生。)”可知，萨努的旅程是充满冒险的。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他不得不面对一个令人沮丧的事实：多年来，许多夏尔巴人在引导外国登山者攀登山峰的过程中丧生。A. depressing令人沮丧的；B. arguable可争辩的；C. interesting有趣的；D. impressive印象深刻的。根据后文“many Sherpas have died”可知，令人沮丧的事实是许多夏尔巴人在引导外国登山者攀登山峰的过程中丧生。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他不得不面对一个令人沮丧的事实：多年来，许多夏尔巴人在引导外国登山者攀登山峰的过程中丧生。A. persuading说服；B. guiding给……导游；C. inviting邀请；D. pushing推。根据前文“becoming a climbing guide”和后文“foreign climbers up to the peaks”，可知，此处指给外国登山者做向导，登山。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这真的改变了我。A. changes改变；B. improves提高；C. surprises惊喜；D. attracts吸引。根据上文“A climbing Sherpa is a hero.(登山的夏尔巴人是英雄)”结合后文他继续登山，可知“登山的夏尔巴人是英雄”这一观点改变了他。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：攀登所有14座海拔8000米以上的山峰，我最初并没有想到。A. constantly持续地；B. originally起初；C. occasionally偶尔；D. finally最后。根据后文“But after reaching four peaks in 2021, I started thinking”可知，他最初没有想攀登所有14座海拔8000米以上的山峰，是后面才决定的。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后他坚定地执行了这个计划。A. doubtfully怀疑地；B. reliably可靠地；C. firmly坚定地；D. faithfully忠实地。根据上文“Why not other peaks?”可知，萨努决心攀登所有14座海拔8000米以上的山峰，也坚定地执行了这个计划。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以，对于那些钦佩他人、对自己感到不自信的人来说，消除你的担忧，开始行动吧。A. disappointed失望地；B. regretful后悔的；C. impatient不耐烦的；D. unconfident不自信的。根据上文“who admire others ”可知，这些人钦佩他人、对自己感到不自信。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，对于那些钦佩他人、对自己感到不自信的人来说，消除你的担忧，开始行动吧。A. express表达；B. remove消除；C. share分享；D. control控制。根据后文“get started”可知，萨努鼓励那些不自信的人，摆脱担忧，开始行动。故选B。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Some of the world’s leading vaccine makers are developing bird flu shots to prepare ____36____ possible outbreaks of the sickness in humans.
Bird flu, or avian (鸟类)flu, is ____37____(official) known as H5N1. The virus usually ____38____(spread) among different kinds of poultry (家禽). Human infections remain very rare. But most human cases have been linked to direct contact with ____39____(infect) birds.
Now, several large vaccine developers ____40____(work) on bird flu vaccines to get ready for the possibility that the virus could one day jump to humans.
One current outbreak involves an avian flu version ____41____has already killed record numbers of birds and some other affected animals. In addition, there has been ____42____push among companies to develop a vaccine to be given directly to poultry. Such a market could be much ____43____(large) than the one for humans. Vaccine ____44____( professional) told Reuters that hundreds of millions of bird flu shots could be manufactured within months if a new variant (变种) of the virus starts spreading among humans.
An international agreement _____45_____ (cover) pandemic flu sets aside 10 percent of worldwide supply for the World Health Organization to share with low-and middle-income countries.
【答案】36. for
37. officially
38. spreads
39. infected
40. are working
41. that## which
42. a 43. larger
44. professionals
45. covering
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。世界上一些领先的疫苗制造商正在开发禽流感疫苗，为可能在人类中爆发禽流感做好准备。
【36题详解】
考查介词。句意：世界上一些领先的疫苗制造商正在开发禽流感疫苗，为可能在人类中爆发禽流感做好准备。分析句子结构，prepare for为固定短语，含义为：为……做准备，与句子表达的含义一致，故填for。
【37题详解】
考查副词。句意：禽流感，正式名称为H5N1。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，使用副词，故填officially。
【38题详解】
考查时态。句意：这种病毒通常在不同种类的家禽之间传播。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时，故填spreads。
【39题详解】
考查形容词。句意：但大多数人类病例都与直接接触受感染的鸟类有关。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作定语，且名词birds做空白处的逻辑宾语，应使用V-ed形式的形容词，故填infected。
【40题详解】
考查时态。句意：现在，几家大型疫苗开发商正在研制禽流感疫苗，为有朝一日病毒可能传播给人类做好准备。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，根据时间状语now以及句意可知句子表达的是正在发生的动作，谓语动词使用现在进行时，故填are working。
【41题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：目前爆发的一次禽流感已经导致创纪录数量的鸟类和其他一些受影响的动物死亡。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词为an avian flu version，因先行词在定语从句中做主语指物，使用that或which引导定语从句，故填that/which。
【42题详解】
考查冠词。句意：此外，各家公司也在推动开发一种直接用于家禽的疫苗。根据冠词的用法，名词前需使用不定冠词，表示“一种”含义，故填a。
【43题详解】
考查形容词的比较级。句意：这样的市场可能比人类的市场要大得多。根据上文“Such a market(这样的市场)”以及下文“the one for humans(人类的市场)”可知此处要对两个市场进行比较，要使用形容词的比较级，故填larger。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：疫苗专业人士告诉路透社，如果出现新变种在人类中传播，数月内可能生产出数亿支禽流感疫苗。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中做主语，使用名词，因句子表达的是一个不确定的概念，空白处应填名词的复数形式，故填professionals。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：一项涵盖大流行性流感的国际协议留出了全球供应量的10%，供世界卫生组织与中低收入国家分享。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中做定语，使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语An international agreement之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词，故填covering。
第三节 基础知识考查(共5小题：每小题1分，共5分)
根据所给汉、英或首字母提示，写出单词的恰当形式，每空只填一词。
46. The sun e__________ from behind the clouds and the mountain was bathed in golden light. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】emerged##merged
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：太阳从云层后面升起，山沐浴在金色光线中。根据单词首字母以及句意“升起”可知，空格处涉及单词“emerge”，意为“出现”，动词词性，根据句中“was bathed”可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，为一般过去时，空格处应用“emerge”的过去式“emerged”。故填emerged。
47. The contest is open to both a__________ and professional participants. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】amateur##mateur
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：比赛对业余选手和职业选手都开放。根据句意及首字母提示可知，amateur“业余爱好的”，形容词，在句中和形容词professional并列作定语，修饰名词participants，故填amateur。
48. She burst into tears, r__________(发泄，释放) all her sorrowful emotions.(根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】releasing##eleasing
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：她突然哭了起来，释放了所有的悲伤情绪。根据单词首字母以及汉语提示可知为动词release，此处应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语she构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填releasing。
49. A shared bike is left a__________(舍弃的) at a bus stop. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】abandoned##bandoned
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：一辆共享单车被遗弃在公交站。根据中英文提示可知，abandoned“被舍弃的，被遗弃的”，形容词，在句中作主语补足语，故填abandoned。
50. The museum hosts six p__________(永久的) galleries, ensuring that there is something for every visit. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】permanent##ermanent
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：博物馆设有六个常设展厅，确保每次参观都能有所收获。根据所给汉语“永久的”和首字母可知，形容词permanent符合句意，在句中作定语。故填permanent。
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
51. 假定你是校学生会主席，你们市下周日将要举行王羲之书法艺术展，请你向校英文报写一则书面通知，号召大家观看展览，内容包括：
1.王羲之及其代表作；2.展出时间地点和内容；3.参展注意事项。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
参考词汇：书法家calligrapher 书法calligraphy《兰亭集序》Preface to Lanting Pavilion Collection
Notice
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Students’ Union
【答案】 Notice
I am glad to inform you that an art exhibition of Wang Xizhi’s calligraphy will be held in our city next Sunday.
Wang Xizhi was a famous calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and one of the greatest calligraphers in Chinese history. His most famous work is the Preface to Lanting Pavilion Collection. It will be on display.
The exhibition will be held at the city Museum and will start at 8 a.m. next Saturday. In addition to the Preface to Lanting Pavilion Collection, other calligraphy works of Wang Xizhi are also on display.
Please note that no food or drink is allowed in the exhibition hall. Be quiet during enjoying the works.
The Students’ Union
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用写作。要求考生就下周日将要举行的王羲之书法艺术展写一则书面通知，号召大家观看展览。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
高兴的：glad→delighted
作品：work→creation
开始：start→begin
展示：on display→on show
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Wang Xizhi was a famous calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and one of the greatest calligraphers in Chinese history.
拓展句：Wang Xizhi was a famous calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, who is one of the greatest calligraphers in Chinese history.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I am glad to inform you that an art exhibition of Wang Xizhi’s calligraphy will be held in our city next Sunday.(that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Please note that no food or drink is allowed in the exhibition hall.(that引导的宾语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
52. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I was a shy 13-year-old boy that year afraid to speak before people and poor at communicating with others. My parents were worried so they introduced a part-time job in a restaurant tome during the summer vacation, hoping it would make a difference to me. Although I hated it and didn’t believe it would bring any change to me, I had to accept it. The part-time job fell on Monday of each week.
On the first Monday, I simply dared not look at people in the restaurant. And when I was speaking with them, my face turned red and my voice was low. On my way back home, I felt so bad. But when I reached home, my bad feelings disappeared. I found my parents had brought home a pet cat, which I had expected to get for a long period of time. The cat was so lovely.
However, one Thursday, he secretly ran out and disappeared. We looked for him everywhere the whole day but found nothing. We lived in the city, close to a high-traffic road, and this cat didn’t have “street smarts”. I guessed he would probably die and wouldn’t be home again. And after three days of looking for the cat with no sign of him, I quite believed he wouldn’t be home again. My parents told me “A miracle (奇迹) may happen as long as you don’t give up.” However, I quite doubted it.
On the morning of the following Monday, I left for work 45 minutes earlier and started walking to the bus stop a block away. While waiting for the bus there, I thought about the work and felt upset. It wouldn’t be helpful to me and it was tiring! How much I wanted to quit the job! And thinking of the cat, I felt even worse.
Since it was still early, I suddenly wanted to spare some time to look for the cat again though I had little hope. I told myself, “If I still fail to find him this time, I won’t look for him again.” Then, I decided to walk to the next bus stop to look for him around. Minutes later, suddenly, a dirty and weak cat sitting by a tree caught my eye.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
My eyes widened, and I was surprised to find it was just our cat.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Encouraged, I rushed to the bus stop and decided not to give up the part-time job.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
My eyes widened, and I was surprised to find it was just our cat. Excited, I walked right up to him. While I carried him in my arms, he pushed his dirty face into mine. I wept with joy because I had found my cat. I turned around and took him to rush home. Seeing me carrying our cat, my mother was surprised. When I showed him to her, she said, “Just as I told you, a miracle may happen as long as you don’t give up.” This time, I nodded and smiled.
Encouraged, I rushed to the bus stop and decided not to give up the part-time job. “Maybe it’ll indeed change me if I stick to it.” I told myself while heading towards the restaurant. Still feeling a little tired and afraid while I was working that day, I was better than before. And I continued doing the job. Eventually, I miraculously found I dared to look directly at the customers and communicate with them with a confident smile. My parents were happy about my changes. When my job ended that summer, I wrote a sentence in my journal: “Don’t give up before a miracle happens.”
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者13岁时很害羞，不敢在人前说话，也不善于与人交流。父母很担心，所以他们在暑假给作者介绍了一份餐馆的兼职工作，希望能有所帮助。作者一开始很羞涩，但是因为一只猫作者坚持了下来。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我睁大了眼睛，惊讶地发现那只是我们家的猫”可知，第一段可描写作者发现了那只猫。
②由第二段首句内容“我受到了鼓舞，冲到公交车站，决定不放弃这份兼职工作”可知，第二段可描写作者坚持完成了工作。
2.续写线索：发现猫——带回家——惊讶——不放弃——完成兼职——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
抱着：carry/hug
结束：end/be over
坚持：stick to / persist in
情绪类
惊讶：surprised /astonished
快乐：joy /happiness
【点睛】[高分句型1] When I showed him to her, she said, “Just as I told you, a miracle may happen as long as you don’t give up.”(运用了when引导时间状语从句)
[高分句型2] “Maybe it’ll indeed change me if I stick to it.”(运用了if引导条件状语从句)
2021级普通高中学科素养水平监测试卷
英语
本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分。考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Why does the man need a haircut?
A. To attend a wedding. B. To look good at work. C. To meet the woman’s parents.
2. Who will the speakers invite to the game?
A. Sandy. B. Don. C. Tom.
3. What are the speakers talking about?
A. An actress. B. An author. C.A movie director.
4. Where are the speakers?
A. In a classroom. B. At a hospital. C. On a football field.
5. What does the woman suggest the man do?
A. Travel within his country. B. Avoid traveling by air. C. Make good travel plans.
第二节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟：听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。
6. When is the computer club scheduled this year?
A. On Monday nights. B. On Tuesday nights. C. On Wednesday nights.
7. What does the man need to focus on this year?
A. Friendship. B. University applications. C. Club activities.
听第7段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。
8. What does Ryan want to do?
A. Walk to school with his friends.
B. Take a walk with the woman.
C. Talk to his father.
9. How does the woman feel about Ryan’s idea?
A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Impatient.
听第8段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。
10. What type of drink does the man prefer?
A. A cold juice. B. A hot coffee. C. A sugar -free tea.
11. What does the woman want to watch first?
A. A football game. B. A speech. C. A movie.
12. What will the man do next?
A. Look for an empty table. B. Call his parents. C. Wait in line.
听第9段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。
13. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Parent and child. B. Brother and sister. C. Shop keeper and customer.
14. Why does the woman want to buy the new phone?
A Its Internet connection is better.
B. Its camera is very powerful.
C. Its battery lasts longer.
15. What is the woman’s hobby?
A. Taking photos of birds. B. Trying new technologies. C. Visiting museums.
16. How does the man suggest the woman get the phone?
A. By asking her mother to buy it.
B By waiting until the price drops.
C. By making money on her own.
听第10段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。
17. Which festival is coming up?
A. Easter. B. Christmas. C. Thanksgiving.
18. When did the speaker begin teaching at the high school?
A. At the age of 23. B. At the age of 32. C. At the age of 33.
19. What hobby has the speaker taken up recently?
A. Painting. B. French. C. Gardening.
20. What happened to the speaker in June?
A. Her son got married.
B. Her grandchild was born.
C. Her family celebrated her birthday.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Sunset Paddle (划桨) Trip in Johnsonville State Historic Park
Time: 6:00 pm-8:00 pm, August 3.
Gathering place: Following the blue directional signs at the park entrance.
REGISTER FOR THE EVENT
Join us for a relaxing paddle trip, which will be led by park keepers as we explore the shores of Kentucky Lake. Together we will search historic sites associated with the Civil War and Town Era history of Old Johnsonville. As we kill time in the evening, we’ ll keep a lookout for wildlife and enjoy an absolutely amazing sunset over the Tennessee River. Anyone can join the trip; no previous paddling experience is necessary. Park keepers leading the trip are experienced paddlers that are certified in CPR in first aid.
ADDITIONAL PROGRAM INFORMATION—RENTED CANOES (独木舟)
$20 a canoe is for non-members and $15 a canoe for members. A maximum of 6 canoes are available to rent for this trip. Each canoe is limited to 3 adults or 2 adults/2 children. Canoes, paddles , and life jackets are provided at the same time. Free life jackets and liability waivers (安全免责书) are required for all participants.
No pets will be permitted on this trip as they may disturb wildlife we may be trying to view. The trip will be called off in the event of severe weather and a refund can be applied for. The decision to call off the trip should be made before 12:00 pm on the day prior to the trip. Otherwise no refund will be issued.
NOTICE
You are recommended to wear water-resistant clothes and shoes, as well as a hat. You need to bring a water bottle. Sunscreen and bug spray will be available if needed. Check-in will begin at 5:45 pm; don’t be late.
1. What can visitors do during their trip?
A. Watch some wildlife. B. Learn to perform CPR.
C. Have a picnic by the river. D. Visit historic sites on an old lake.
2. How much will 18 adult visitors pay at least to rent canoes without membership?
A. 75 dollars. B. 90 dollars.
C. 120 dollars. D. 180 dollars.
3. What is a must for visitors to take the trip?
A. Signing liability waivers. B. Having paddling experience.
C. Reserving the tickets in advance. D. Bringing their water-resistant clothes.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了日落划桨之旅的活动内容及注意事项。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据REGISTER FOR THE EVENT部分中的关键句“As we kill time in the evening, we’ ll keep a lookout for wildlife and enjoy an absolutely amazing sunset over the Tennessee River.”（当我们在晚上消磨时间时，我们可以观赏野生动物，欣赏田纳西河上绝对令人惊叹的日落。）可知，旅途中，我们可以观赏野生动物，由此可知，游客在旅途中可以观赏一些野生动物。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据ADDITIONAL PROGRAM INFORMATION—RENTED CANOES (独木舟)下第一段关键句“$20 a canoe is for non-members and $15 a canoe for members. A maximum of 6 canoes are available to rent for this trip. Each canoe is limited to 3 adults or 2 adults/2 children.”（非会员20美元一艘，会员15美元一艘。此次旅行最多可租用6艘独木舟。每艘独木舟限3名成人或2名成人/2名儿童乘坐。）可知，每艘独木舟限3名成人乘坐，18名成年游客需要租6艘，非会员20美元一艘，经过简单计算可知，18名成年游客在没有会员资格的情况下租用独木舟至少要支付120美元。故选C项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据ADDITIONAL PROGRAM INFORMATION—RENTED CANOES (独木舟)下第一段关键句“Free life jackets and liability waivers (安全免责书) are required for all participants.”（所有参与者都需要免费救生衣和安全免责书。）可知，参加的人必须有安全免责书，由此可知，游客必须签署安全免责书才能参加旅行。故选A项。
B
For most of us teaching seventh-grader English would be similar to teaching flying monkeys to sit. Just thinking about it, we might feel frustrated. But it was not for Miss Smith. For 40 years, she stood in front of her classroom, tapping the blackboard where an inspirational quote was drawn neatly. “Open your notebook and write,” she would instruct. If a student was late, she would simply say, “Write about why you are late today.” The content and style didn’t matter. It was the connection of thought to paper that was the aim.
If you write long enough, these thoughts will turn into feelings and feelings on paper become visible, clear enough to examine. The anxiety of seventh-graders, the puberty (青春期) crisis and the mixture of emotions need a way out. Miss Smith knew that. She knew her teenage students needed to develop their own guidance systems, or they needed to deal with the forces that surrounded them.
The quotes Miss Smith carefully wrote on the chalkboard were inspirational, and could encourage self-reflection. Most of the notebooks were filled with silly nonsense, like looking forward to pancakes for lunch, or worse, line after line stating that they didn’t know what to write then. Regardless of those, Miss Smith read every entry and in neat red handwriting, wrote notes of encouragement and praise.
She would read Shakespeare and ask how Romeo must have felt about being rejected by his friends and family. The characters in the literature gave students permission to get emotional growth in a safe way, and the words inside those notebooks became more and more personal as time went on. Those who used to be problem students and need saving later became journalists and fiction writers.
No one would disagree that she made every student feel they are not only what they are now but they are more. That point drove them to work hard and see what that “more” was going to be. This is the greatest charm of Miss Smith.
4. What can be learned about Miss Smith?
A. She was easy to get frustrated with her job.
B. She always got students to express feelings by writing.
C. She was assigned to teach the worst class in the school.
D. She had taught the English writing course for forty years.
5. What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to?
A. The advantages of recording life on paper.
B. The importance of puberty for a child’s development.
C. The difficulty of understanding and guarding children’s rights.
D. The characteristics of teenage children and the coping methods.
6. What’s the feature of the sentences in most students’ original notebooks?
A. They’re nearly meaningless.
B. They’re quotes from famous people.
C. They’ re a great encouragement to students.
D. They’ re inspirational and set people thinking.
7. What’s the author mainly trying to show in Paragraph 4?
A. Miss Smith treats her students equally.
B. Miss Smith has a wide knowledge of literature.
C. Miss Smith’s teaching methods turn out successful.
D. Miss Smith teaches students according to their potential.
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍一位英语教师，她让学生通过写作来表达自己的感受，通过文学作品的影响让学生以安全的方式获得青春期的情感成长。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段关键句““Open your notebook and write,” she would instruct. If a student was late, she would simply say, “Write about why you are late today.” The content and style didn’t matter. It was the connection of thought to paper that was the aim.”（“打开你的笔记本写字，”她会指示道。如果一个学生迟到了，她会简单地说：“写下你今天为什么迟到。”内容和风格无关紧要。我们的目的是将思想与纸联系起来。）可知，史密斯老师让学生们将思想与纸联系起来，通过写作来表达自己的感受，例如她会让学生写下为什么迟到，由此可知，史密斯老师总是让学生通过写作来表达自己的感受。故选B项。
【5题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线单词上文“The anxiety of seventh-graders, the puberty (青春期) crisis and the mixture of emotions need a way out.”（七年级学生的焦虑、青春期危机和情绪的混合需要一条出路。）可知，七年级学生面临着各种青春期危机，需要一个解决办法，由此可知，史密斯老师知道解决办法是什么，她知道青少年儿童的特点和应对方法，“that”代指的是“青少年儿童的特点和应对方法”。故选D项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“Most of the notebooks were filled with silly nonsense, like looking forward to pancakes for lunch, or worse, line after line stating that they didn’t know what to write then.”（大多数笔记本上都写满了愚蠢的废话，比如期待午餐吃煎饼，或者更糟的是，一行接一行地说他们当时不知道该写什么。）可知，起初大多数笔记本上都写满了愚蠢的废话，由此可知，大多数学生原来笔记本上的句子的特点是几乎毫无意义。故选A项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段关键句“The characters in the literature gave students permission to get emotional growth in a safe way, and the words inside those notebooks became more and more personal as time went on. Those who used to be problem students and need saving later became journalists and fiction writers.”（文学作品中的人物允许学生以安全的方式获得情感成长，随着时间的推移，笔记本里的文字变得越来越个人化。那些曾经是问题学生、需要拯救的人后来成为了记者和小说作家。）可知，在史密斯老师的教导下，那些曾经是问题学生、需要拯救的人后来成为了记者和小说作家，由此可知，史密斯老师的教学方法很成功。故选C项。
C
We humans often say that a growling dog is “angry” or a purring cat is “happy”. But those terms are of little use to scientists like David Anderson who studies the brain circuits (脑回路) involved in emotional behaviors.
“We have to do more than just project our own emotions onto other animals,” he says. Yet Anderson describes research from his lab that suggests the brain circuits underlying human emotions have a lot in common with circuits found in animals’. “What lies beneath feelings,” he says, “is brain states that produce certain behaviors. And that’s the part of emotions we share in common with animals and that scientists can study.”
For example, Anderson’s lab has investigated fruit flies that become much more active when they see a moving shadow looking like their natural enemy. “We see that the more times we deliver the shadow the jumpier the flies become,” he says. And the flies keep jumping long after the shadow is gone. Anderson would behave much the same if he saw a snake. “I’d jump in the air,” he says. “Even for minutes after the snake had slipped away into the bushes, my heart would be pounding, and I’d probably jump every time I saw a snakelike object—even if it was a stick.”
That sort of behavior is typical of an ongoing brain state called defensive arousal(防御性唤醒). It’s present in both fruit flies and people which is why Anderson believes studying fear of an insect or a mouse is meaningful as it can reveal a lot about human emotions. “We can try to figure out how the brain is generating that state and what makes the animal finally calm down,” Anderson says. “We now understand specific parts of the circuit that increase fear and other parts of the circuit that decrease fear,” Anderson says. The next step, he says, is to figure out how to tweak that circuit to reduce the fear response of people with certain diseases like PTSD.
8. What does Anderson think about people’s common description of animals emotions?
A. It is limited by people’s knowledge of brain functions.
B. It is too subjective to be regarded as scientific evidence.
C. It is actually some misunderstanding of animals behavior.
D. It is meaningless to the study of animals’ emotional behavior.
9. Why are the examples mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A. To prove the effect of natural enemies on flies’ behavior.
B. To show similarities between human and animal emotions.
C. To mention the great influence of Anderson’s bad experience.
D. To stress the effects of negative emotions on people and animals
10. What does the underlined word “tweak” in the last paragraph mean?
A. Replace. B. Predict. C. Adjust. D. Observe.
11. What will the further research mainly focus on?
A. Looking beyond human feelings. B. Figuring out more human brain states.
C. Finding a cure for certain mental diseases. D. Changing traditional ways of treating animals.
【答案】8. B 9. B 10. C 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究表明人类情绪的大脑回路与动物的大脑回路有很多共同之处，文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及意义。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“But those terms are of little use to scientists like David Anderson who studies the brain circuits (脑回路) involved in emotional behaviors.(但这些术语对于像大卫·安德森这样研究与情绪行为有关的大脑回路的科学家来说用处不大)”以及第二段““We have to do more than just project our own emotions onto other animals,” he says.(“我们要做的不仅仅是把自己的情绪投射到其他动物身上，”他说。)”可知，安德森认为人们对动物情感的常见描述对动物情感行为的研究太主观了，不能被视为科学证据。故选B。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“For example, Anderson’s lab has investigated fruit flies that become much more active when they see a moving shadow looking like their natural enemy. “We see that the more times we deliver the shadow the jumpier the flies become,” he says. And the flies keep jumping long after the shadow is gone. Anderson would behave much the same if he saw a snake. “I’d jump in the air,” he says. “Even for minutes after the snake had slipped away into the bushes, my heart would be pounding, and I’d probably jump every time I saw a snakelike object — even if it was a stick.”(例如，安德森的实验室研究了果蝇，当它们看到一个看起来像天敌的移动阴影时，它们会变得更加活跃。他说：“我们发现，投射阴影的次数越多，苍蝇就越跳。”影子消失后，苍蝇还在不停地跳。如果安德森看到一条蛇，他也会做出同样的举动。“我会跳到空中，”他说。“甚至在蛇溜进灌木丛几分钟后，我的心就会砰砰直跳，每次看到像蛇一样的东西，我可能都会跳起来——即使它是一根棍子。”)”可推知，第3段提到例子是为了显示人类和动物情感的相似之处。故选B。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“that circuit to reduce the fear response of people with certain diseases like PTSD”可知，要减少患有某些疾病（如创伤后应激障碍）的人的恐惧反应，需要调整这些回路。故画线词意思是“调整”。故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段““We now understand specific parts of the circuit that increase fear and other parts of the circuit that decrease fear,” Anderson says. The next step, he says, is to figure out how to tweak that circuit to reduce the fear response of people with certain diseases like PTSD.(安德森说：“我们现在了解了神经回路中增加恐惧的特定部分，以及减少恐惧的其他部分。”他说，下一步是弄清楚如何调整这个回路，以减少患有某些疾病（如创伤后应激障碍）的人的恐惧反应)”可推知，下一步的研究重点是了解更多的人类大脑状态。故选B。
D
A well-intentioned solution is often offered to climate-conscious consumers: to replace beef on our plates with chicken. While on paper this brings down an individual’s dietary carbon footprint, in practice this would mean that billions more animals will be killed each year. Meanwhile, even more factory farms continue to harm the climate and us humans in the process. Much can be debated about the best way to deal with climate change but one of its sources is undoubtedly true: the way we produce food — specifically meat — spells disaster for our planet.
It’s true that for every gram of protein, conventional beef has almost 10 times the carbon footprint of chicken. Beef uses 23 times as much farmland and 3 times as much water. But the consumption shift from beef to chicken is contributing to a crisis of another kind. Approximately 134 chickens must be killed to produce one cow’s worth of meat, which is extremely cruel and environmentally unfriendly, causing dead zones and having damaging chain effects on the communities living near these facilities whose health, water supply, and quality of life are affected by this pollution.
The most influential dietary change we can make to reduce our individual influence on animals and the environment is actually to shift from conventionally produced, factory - farmed animal products to pasture -based (基于牧场的) meat, eggs or dairy products and plant -based protein sources. It’s not all-or-nothing. The average American could cut their diet-related environmental influences by nearly half just by eating less meat and fewer eggs and dairy products. Gradually, individual changes can add up to a big difference to both animals and the environment, but the responsibility shouldn’t fall on individuals alone. We urgently need our government to stop enforcing this disastrous system and redirect support to more humane, sustainable food and production methods.
To spare animals from suffering, slow down climate change and safeguard our food system, we need to take factory farming off the table. It’s time to stop leaping from the frying pan to the fire and rethink our food system.
12. What can we know about the “well-intentioned solution”?
A. It is actually a recipe for disaster.
B. It works well in reducing the carbon footprint.
C. It means a change in our way of raising animals.
D. It was put forward by climate-conscious consumers.
13. How does the author argue his point in Paragraph 2?
A. By doing surveys. B. By giving examples.
C. By referring to papers. D. By using persuasive data.
14. What does the third paragraph mainly talk about?
A. The effort the government has put into the food system.
B. Influences people’s eating habit has on the environment.
C. The changes individuals and the government should make.
D. Measures the government can take to limit human activities.
15. What does the author want to stress in the text?
A. It’s necessary to say no to factory farming.
B. It’s time to replace beef on our plates with chicken.
C. We need to take animal-based products off our table.
D. Turning from factory farming to pasture farming takes time.
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了工厂化养殖导致了动物痛苦，危害气候和人类。为了减少我们个人对动物和环境的影响，我们所能做的最有影响力的饮食改变实际上是从传统生产的、工厂养殖的动物产品转向以牧草为基础的肉、蛋或乳制品以及植物性蛋白质来源。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“A well-intentioned solution is often offered to climate-conscious consumers: to replace beef on our plates with chicken. While on paper this brings down an individual’s dietary carbon footprint, in practice this would mean that billions more animals will be killed each year. Meanwhile, even more factory farms continue to harm the climate and us humans in the process.(一个善意的解决方案经常被提供给有气候意识的消费者:用鸡肉代替我们盘子里的牛肉。虽然从理论上讲，这减少了个人饮食中的碳足迹，但实际上这意味着每年将有数十亿多的动物被杀死。与此同时，更多的工厂化农场在这个过程中继续危害气候和我们人类。)”可知，善意的解决方案实际上是一种灾难。故选A。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“It’s true that for every gram of protein, conventional beef has almost 10 times the carbon footprint of chicken. Beef uses 23 times as much farmland and 3 times as much water. But the consumption shift from beef to chicken is contributing to a crisis of another kind. Approximately 134 chickens must be killed to produce one cow’s worth of meat, which is extremely cruel and environmentally unfriendly, causing dead zones and having damaging chain effects on the communities living near these facilities whose health, water supply, and quality of life are affected by this pollution.(的确，每克蛋白质，传统牛肉的碳足迹几乎是鸡肉的10倍。牛肉消耗了23倍的农田和3倍的水。但从牛肉到鸡肉的消费转变正在造成另一种危机。生产相当于一头牛的肉必须杀死大约134只鸡，这是极其残忍和对环境不利的，造成了死亡地带，并对生活在这些设施附近的社区产生了破坏性的连锁效应，这些社区的健康、供水和生活质量都受到这种污染的影响)”可推知，作者在第二段中通过使用有说服力的数据论证他的观点。故选D。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“The most influential dietary change we can make to reduce our individual influence on animals and the environment is actually to shift from conventionally produced, factory-farmed animal products to pasture -based (基于牧场的) meat, eggs or dairy products and plant-based protein sources. It’s not all-or-nothing. The average American could cut their diet-related environmental influences by nearly half just by eating less meat and fewer eggs and dairy products. Gradually, individual changes can add up to a big difference to both animals and the environment, but the responsibility shouldn’t fall on individuals alone. We urgently need our government to stop enforcing this disastrous system and redirect support to more humane, sustainable food and production methods.(为了减少我们个人对动物和环境的影响，我们所能做的最有影响力的饮食改变实际上是从传统生产的、工厂养殖的动物产品转向以牧场为基础的肉、蛋或乳制品和以植物为基础的蛋白质来源。这不是全有或全无的问题。普通美国人只要少吃肉、少吃鸡蛋和奶制品，就能将饮食对环境的影响减少近一半。渐渐地，个人的改变会对动物和环境产生巨大的影响，但责任不应该只落在个人身上。我们迫切需要我们的政府停止执行这个灾难性的系统，并将支持转向更人道、更可持续的食品和生产方法)”可知，第三段主要讲了个人和政府应该做出的改变。故选C。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“To spare animals from suffering, slow down climate change and safeguard our food system, we need to take factory farming off the table.(为了让动物免受痛苦，减缓气候变化，保护我们的粮食系统，我们需要停止工厂化养殖)”可推知，作者想在文中强调有必要对工厂化养殖说不。故选A。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
No one’s perfect. Here, Kamran explains why he believes perfection isn’t a realistic goal.
You are chasing a myth. ____16____ So it’s exhausting keeping up with the idea, in your head, of what perfection is. You’ ll be constantly updating your concept of it from one day to the next. This can lead to you being overly self-critical. Instead of feeling happy with what you’ve achieved, you feel dissatisfied.
____17____ A constant reach for perfection can be very distracting from the present moment. When you get to a certain place that you’ve worked towards, instead of noticing it, embracing it and enjoying it, you switch to wanting more. This leads you into a trap of constantly re-evaluating areas of your life. Life can actually be very good in the present moment, like when you’re appreciating friends and family and celebrating the little wins.____18____
____19____ Without realizing, you can end up finding and picking out imperfections in others and becoming an overly critical person who expects too much. You might find people want to distance themselves from you, or you may find challenges arising more frequently in your personal relationships.
Your mental health can suffer. Not only might you feel anxious that you’ re not where you want to be in life, you may feel emotionally low as a result of desiring perfection and constantly critiquing aspects of your life. ____20____ They are mentally, emotionally and physically draining and can leave you feeling burnt out or even depressed.
A. You’ll not abandon it.
B. Perfection doesn’t exist.
C. You might judge others unfairly.
D. You won’t enjoy the small things.
E. This can cause feelings of being defeated.
F. Exercise can help remove the bad feelings.
G. All these can go unnoticed if you’re focused on future-based thinking.
【答案】16. B 17. D 18. G 19. C 20. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了为什么完美不是一个现实的目标。
【16题详解】
根据前文“You are chasing a myth.(你在追逐一个神话)”以及后文“So it’s exhausting keeping up with the idea, in your head, of what perfection is.(所以，在你的头脑中不断思考什么是完美是很累人的)”可知此处在讲述完美像神话一样，应该是不存在的，所以B项“Perfection doesn’t exist.(完美是不存在的)”符合文意，且和后文构成因果关系。故选B项。
【17题详解】
分析设空，空处位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“A constant reach for perfection can be very distracting from the present moment. When you get to a certain place that you’ve worked towards, instead of noticing it, embracing it and enjoying it, you switch to wanting more. This leads you into a trap of constantly re-evaluating areas of your life. (断追求完美会分散你对当下的注意力。当你到达一个你已经努力过的地方，而不是注意到它，拥抱它，享受它，你转而想要更多。这会让你陷入一个不断重新评估生活方方面面的陷阱。)”可知，本段是在讲述追求完美时会让你忽略生活中的美好，所以D项“You won’t enjoy the small things.(你不会享受小事)”符合文意。故选D项。
【18题详解】
分析设空，空处位于段尾，应是本段的总结句，根据前文“Life can actually be very good in the present moment, like when you’re appreciating friends and family and celebrating the little wins.(当下的生活其实是很美好的，就像你感激朋友和家人，庆祝小小的胜利)”所以G项“All these can go unnoticed if you’re focused on future-based thinking.(如果你专注于基于未来的思考，所有这些都可能被忽视)”是对前文的总结，符合文意。故选G项。
【19题详解】
分析设空，空处位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Without realizing, you can end up finding and picking out imperfections in others and becoming an overly critical person who expects too much. You might find people want to distance themselves from you, or you may find challenges arising more frequently in your personal relationships.(在没有意识到的情况下，你可能会发现并挑出别人的缺点，成为一个过于挑剔、期望过高的人。你可能会发现人们想要与你保持距离，或者你可能会发现人际关系中出现的挑战越来越频繁)”可知，本段主要讲述了，追求完美的人，会过渡的苛责他人，所以C项“You might judge others unfairly.(你可能会不公正地评判别人)”是本段主题，符合文意。故选C项。
【20题详解】
根据前文“Your mental health can suffer. Not only might you feel anxious that you’ re not where you want to be in life, you may feel emotionally low as a result of desiring perfection and constantly critiquing aspects of your life.(你的精神健康会受到影响。你不仅会因为没有达到你想要的生活而感到焦虑，还会因为渴望完美和不断批评生活的方方面面而感到情绪低落)”以及后文“They are mentally, emotionally and physically draining and can leave you feeling burnt out or even depressed.(它们会让你在精神上、情感上和身体上精疲力竭，甚至感到沮丧)”可知，此处是在讲述过于追求完美，会造成你精神上的伤害，所以E项“This can cause feelings of being defeated.(这会导致挫败感)”符合文意，下文“They”代指选项中的“feelings of being defeated”。故选E项。
第三部分 语言运用(共三节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B，C，D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
In 2005, a sheepherder (牧羊人), Sanu Sherpa, in a remote village of Nepal’s eastern mountain region came to Kathmandu.
Sanu Sherpa had ____21____ of making a good life here. At the same time, he also had a ____22____of becoming a climbing guide, a well-paid and respected ____23____. He initially worked as a porter. In 2006 Sanu became a mountaineer after ____24____climbing Cho Oyu in his first ____25____. After 16 years, Sanu has set a new world record in mountaineering history.
The 47-year-old Sherpa has become the first climber in the world to ____26____ the planet’s 14 highest mountains, not once, but twice — a feat that no other climber has ____27____.
Sanu’s journey has its own ____28____. He has to face a(n) ____29____fact that over the years, many Sherpas have died while ____30____foreign climbers up to the peaks. However, overcoming difficulties to stand on peaks gives him a great sense of excitement.
“A climbing Sherpa is a hero. That really ____31____me,” said Sanu. “Climbing all 14 peaks above 8000 metres was ____32____not in my mind. But after reaching four peaks in 2021, I started thinking, ‘Why not other peaks?’” He then carried out the plan ____33____.
“I didn’t think I could stand on peaks again and again when I was a porter. So for people who admire others and feel ____34____ about themselves just ____35____ your worries and get started.”
21. A. dreamt B. approved C. heard D. spoken
22. A. goal B. task C. right D. chance
23. A. title B. job C. field D. honour
24. A. hurriedly B. anxiously C. successfully D. cautiously
25. A. stage B. attempt C. section D. contest
26. A. appreciate B. discover C. observe D. challenge
27. A. achieved B. remembered C. imagined D. predicted
28. A. advantages B. approaches C. limitations D. adventures
29. A. depressing B. arguable C. interesting D. impressive
30. A. persuading B. guiding C. inviting D. pushing
31. A. changes B. improves C. surprises D. attracts
32. A. constantly B. originally C. occasionally D. finally
33. A. doubtfully B. reliably C. firmly D. faithfully
34. A. disappointed B. regretful C. impatient D. unconfident
35. A. express B. remove C. share D. control
【答案】21. A 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Sanu Sherpa一次成功登山之后，成为了一名登山者。这位47岁的夏尔巴人已经成为世界上第一个挑战地球上14座最高山峰的登山者，不是一次，而是两次——这是其他登山者没有做到的壮举。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：萨努·夏尔巴曾梦想在这里过上好日子。A. dreamt梦想；B. approved赞成；C. heard听见；D. spoken说。根据后文“of making a good life here”以及下文提到了他当向导的目标，可知，萨努·夏尔巴曾梦想在这里过上好日子。dream of表示“梦想……”。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，他还有一个目标——成为一名登山向导，一份薪水高、受人尊敬的工作。A. goal目标；B. task任务；C. right权利；D. chance机会。根据后文“of becoming a climbing guide”可知，成为登山导向是他的一个目标。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，他还有一个目标——成为一名登山向导，一份薪水高、受人尊敬的工作。A. title标题；B. job工作；C. field领域；D. honour荣誉。根据上文“becoming a climbing guide”可知登山向导是一份工作。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：2006年，萨努第一次成功攀登了Cho Oyu山，成为了一名登山者。A. hurriedly匆忙地；B. anxiously焦虑地；C. successfully成功地；D. cautiously谨慎地。根据上文“In 2006 Sanu became a mountaineer”可知，萨努成为了一名登山者说明成功攀登了Cho Oyu山，故选C。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：2006年，萨努第一次成功攀登了Cho Oyu山，成为了一名登山者。A. stage阶段；B. attempt尝试；C. section部分；D. contest比赛。根据上文“He initially worked as a porter.(他最初是做搬运工的)”可知，他最初是做搬运工的，说明这是第一次尝试登山。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位47岁的夏尔巴人已经成为世界上第一个挑战地球上14座最高山峰的登山者，不是一次，而是两次——这是其他登山者没有做到的壮举。A. appreciate感激；B. discover发现；C. observe观察；D. challenge挑战。根据后文“the planet’s 14 highest mountains”指挑战地球上14座最高山峰。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位47岁的夏尔巴人已经成为世界上第一个挑战地球上14座最高山峰的登山者，不是一次，而是两次——这是其他登山者没有做到的壮举。A. achieved实现；B. remembered记得；C. imagined想象；D. predicted预测。根据上文“a feat that no other climber has”中feat表示壮举，故这里指其他登山者没有实现的壮举。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：萨努的旅程本身也有冒险。A. advantages优势；B. approaches方法；C. limitations限制；D. adventures冒险。根据后文“He has to face a(n) 9 fact that over the years, many Sherpas have died while 10 foreign climbers up to the peaks.(他不得不面对一个令人沮丧的事实：多年来，许多夏尔巴人在引导外国登山者攀登山峰的过程中丧生。)”可知，萨努的旅程是充满冒险的。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他不得不面对一个令人沮丧的事实：多年来，许多夏尔巴人在引导外国登山者攀登山峰的过程中丧生。A. depressing令人沮丧的；B. arguable可争辩的；C. interesting有趣的；D. impressive印象深刻的。根据后文“many Sherpas have died”可知，令人沮丧的事实是许多夏尔巴人在引导外国登山者攀登山峰的过程中丧生。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他不得不面对一个令人沮丧的事实：多年来，许多夏尔巴人在引导外国登山者攀登山峰的过程中丧生。A. persuading说服；B. guiding给……导游；C. inviting邀请；D. pushing推。根据前文“becoming a climbing guide”和后文“foreign climbers up to the peaks”，可知，此处指给外国登山者做向导，登山。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这真的改变了我。A. changes改变；B. improves提高；C. surprises惊喜；D. attracts吸引。根据上文“A climbing Sherpa is a hero.(登山的夏尔巴人是英雄)”结合后文他继续登山，可知“登山的夏尔巴人是英雄”这一观点改变了他。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：攀登所有14座海拔8000米以上的山峰，我最初并没有想到。A. constantly持续地；B. originally起初；C. occasionally偶尔；D. finally最后。根据后文“But after reaching four peaks in 2021, I started thinking”可知，他最初没有想攀登所有14座海拔8000米以上的山峰，是后面才决定的。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后他坚定地执行了这个计划。A. doubtfully怀疑地；B. reliably可靠地；C. firmly坚定地；D. faithfully忠实地。根据上文“Why not other peaks?”可知，萨努决心攀登所有14座海拔8000米以上的山峰，也坚定地执行了这个计划。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以，对于那些钦佩他人、对自己感到不自信的人来说，消除你的担忧，开始行动吧。A. disappointed失望地；B. regretful后悔的；C. impatient不耐烦的；D. unconfident不自信的。根据上文“who admire others ”可知，这些人钦佩他人、对自己感到不自信。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，对于那些钦佩他人、对自己感到不自信的人来说，消除你的担忧，开始行动吧。A. express表达；B. remove消除；C. share分享；D. control控制。根据后文“get started”可知，萨努鼓励那些不自信的人，摆脱担忧，开始行动。故选B。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Some of the world’s leading vaccine makers are developing bird flu shots to prepare ____36____ possible outbreaks of the sickness in humans.
Bird flu, or avian (鸟类)flu, is ____37____(official) known as H5N1. The virus usually ____38____(spread) among different kinds of poultry (家禽). Human infections remain very rare. But most human cases have been linked to direct contact with ____39____(infect) birds.
Now, several large vaccine developers ____40____(work) on bird flu vaccines to get ready for the possibility that the virus could one day jump to humans.
One current outbreak involves an avian flu version ____41____has already killed record numbers of birds and some other affected animals. In addition, there has been ____42____push among companies to develop a vaccine to be given directly to poultry. Such a market could be much ____43____(large) than the one for humans. Vaccine ____44____( professional) told Reuters that hundreds of millions of bird flu shots could be manufactured within months if a new variant (变种) of the virus starts spreading among humans.
An international agreement _____45_____ (cover) pandemic flu sets aside 10 percent of worldwide supply for the World Health Organization to share with low-and middle-income countries.
【答案】36. for
37. officially
38. spreads
39. infected
40. are working
41. that## which
42. a 43. larger
44. professionals
45. covering
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。世界上一些领先的疫苗制造商正在开发禽流感疫苗，为可能在人类中爆发禽流感做好准备。
【36题详解】
考查介词。句意：世界上一些领先的疫苗制造商正在开发禽流感疫苗，为可能在人类中爆发禽流感做好准备。分析句子结构，prepare for为固定短语，含义为：为……做准备，与句子表达的含义一致，故填for。
【37题详解】
考查副词。句意：禽流感，正式名称为H5N1。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，使用副词，故填officially。
【38题详解】
考查时态。句意：这种病毒通常在不同种类的家禽之间传播。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时，故填spreads。
【39题详解】
考查形容词。句意：但大多数人类病例都与直接接触受感染的鸟类有关。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作定语，且名词birds做空白处的逻辑宾语，应使用V-ed形式的形容词，故填infected。
【40题详解】
考查时态。句意：现在，几家大型疫苗开发商正在研制禽流感疫苗，为有朝一日病毒可能传播给人类做好准备。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，根据时间状语now以及句意可知句子表达的是正在发生的动作，谓语动词使用现在进行时，故填are working。
【41题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：目前爆发的一次禽流感已经导致创纪录数量的鸟类和其他一些受影响的动物死亡。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词为an avian flu version，因先行词在定语从句中做主语指物，使用that或which引导定语从句，故填that/which。
【42题详解】
考查冠词。句意：此外，各家公司也在推动开发一种直接用于家禽的疫苗。根据冠词的用法，名词前需使用不定冠词，表示“一种”含义，故填a。
【43题详解】
考查形容词的比较级。句意：这样的市场可能比人类的市场要大得多。根据上文“Such a market(这样的市场)”以及下文“the one for humans(人类的市场)”可知此处要对两个市场进行比较，要使用形容词的比较级，故填larger。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：疫苗专业人士告诉路透社，如果出现新变种在人类中传播，数月内可能生产出数亿支禽流感疫苗。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中做主语，使用名词，因句子表达的是一个不确定的概念，空白处应填名词的复数形式，故填professionals。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：一项涵盖大流行性流感的国际协议留出了全球供应量的10%，供世界卫生组织与中低收入国家分享。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中做定语，使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语An international agreement之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词，故填covering。
第三节 基础知识考查(共5小题：每小题1分，共5分)
根据所给汉、英或首字母提示，写出单词的恰当形式，每空只填一词。
46. The sun e__________ from behind the clouds and the mountain was bathed in golden light. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】emerged##merged
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：太阳从云层后面升起，山沐浴在金色光线中。根据单词首字母以及句意“升起”可知，空格处涉及单词“emerge”，意为“出现”，动词词性，根据句中“was bathed”可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，为一般过去时，空格处应用“emerge”的过去式“emerged”。故填emerged。
47. The contest is open to both a__________ and professional participants. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】amateur##mateur
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：比赛对业余选手和职业选手都开放。根据句意及首字母提示可知，amateur“业余爱好的”，形容词，在句中和形容词professional并列作定语，修饰名词participants，故填amateur。
48. She burst into tears, r__________(发泄，释放) all her sorrowful emotions.(根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】releasing##eleasing
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：她突然哭了起来，释放了所有的悲伤情绪。根据单词首字母以及汉语提示可知为动词release，此处应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语she构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填releasing。
49. A shared bike is left a__________(舍弃的) at a bus stop. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】abandoned##bandoned
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：一辆共享单车被遗弃在公交站。根据中英文提示可知，abandoned“被舍弃的，被遗弃的”，形容词，在句中作主语补足语，故填abandoned。
50. The museum hosts six p__________(永久的) galleries, ensuring that there is something for every visit. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】permanent##ermanent
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：博物馆设有六个常设展厅，确保每次参观都能有所收获。根据所给汉语“永久的”和首字母可知，形容词permanent符合句意，在句中作定语。故填permanent。
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
51. 假定你是校学生会主席，你们市下周日将要举行王羲之书法艺术展，请你向校英文报写一则书面通知，号召大家观看展览，内容包括：
1.王羲之及其代表作；2.展出时间地点和内容；3.参展注意事项。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
参考词汇：书法家calligrapher 书法calligraphy《兰亭集序》Preface to Lanting Pavilion Collection
Notice
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Students’ Union
【答案】 Notice
I am glad to inform you that an art exhibition of Wang Xizhi’s calligraphy will be held in our city next Sunday.
Wang Xizhi was a famous calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and one of the greatest calligraphers in Chinese history. His most famous work is the Preface to Lanting Pavilion Collection. It will be on display.
The exhibition will be held at the city Museum and will start at 8 a.m. next Saturday. In addition to the Preface to Lanting Pavilion Collection, other calligraphy works of Wang Xizhi are also on display.
Please note that no food or drink is allowed in the exhibition hall. Be quiet during enjoying the works.
The Students’ Union
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用写作。要求考生就下周日将要举行的王羲之书法艺术展写一则书面通知，号召大家观看展览。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
高兴的：glad→delighted
作品：work→creation
开始：start→begin
展示：on display→on show
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Wang Xizhi was a famous calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and one of the greatest calligraphers in Chinese history.
拓展句：Wang Xizhi was a famous calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, who is one of the greatest calligraphers in Chinese history.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I am glad to inform you that an art exhibition of Wang Xizhi’s calligraphy will be held in our city next Sunday.(that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Please note that no food or drink is allowed in the exhibition hall.(that引导的宾语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
52. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I was a shy 13-year-old boy that year afraid to speak before people and poor at communicating with others. My parents were worried so they introduced a part-time job in a restaurant tome during the summer vacation, hoping it would make a difference to me. Although I hated it and didn’t believe it would bring any change to me, I had to accept it. The part-time job fell on Monday of each week.
On the first Monday, I simply dared not look at people in the restaurant. And when I was speaking with them, my face turned red and my voice was low. On my way back home, I felt so bad. But when I reached home, my bad feelings disappeared. I found my parents had brought home a pet cat, which I had expected to get for a long period of time. The cat was so lovely.
However, one Thursday, he secretly ran out and disappeared. We looked for him everywhere the whole day but found nothing. We lived in the city, close to a high-traffic road, and this cat didn’t have “street smarts”. I guessed he would probably die and wouldn’t be home again. And after three days of looking for the cat with no sign of him, I quite believed he wouldn’t be home again. My parents told me “A miracle (奇迹) may happen as long as you don’t give up.” However, I quite doubted it.
On the morning of the following Monday, I left for work 45 minutes earlier and started walking to the bus stop a block away. While waiting for the bus there, I thought about the work and felt upset. It wouldn’t be helpful to me and it was tiring! How much I wanted to quit the job! And thinking of the cat, I felt even worse.
Since it was still early, I suddenly wanted to spare some time to look for the cat again though I had little hope. I told myself, “If I still fail to find him this time, I won’t look for him again.” Then, I decided to walk to the next bus stop to look for him around. Minutes later, suddenly, a dirty and weak cat sitting by a tree caught my eye.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
My eyes widened, and I was surprised to find it was just our cat.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Encouraged, I rushed to the bus stop and decided not to give up the part-time job.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
My eyes widened, and I was surprised to find it was just our cat. Excited, I walked right up to him. While I carried him in my arms, he pushed his dirty face into mine. I wept with joy because I had found my cat. I turned around and took him to rush home. Seeing me carrying our cat, my mother was surprised. When I showed him to her, she said, “Just as I told you, a miracle may happen as long as you don’t give up.” This time, I nodded and smiled.
Encouraged, I rushed to the bus stop and decided not to give up the part-time job. “Maybe it’ll indeed change me if I stick to it.” I told myself while heading towards the restaurant. Still feeling a little tired and afraid while I was working that day, I was better than before. And I continued doing the job. Eventually, I miraculously found I dared to look directly at the customers and communicate with them with a confident smile. My parents were happy about my changes. When my job ended that summer, I wrote a sentence in my journal: “Don’t give up before a miracle happens.”
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者13岁时很害羞，不敢在人前说话，也不善于与人交流。父母很担心，所以他们在暑假给作者介绍了一份餐馆的兼职工作，希望能有所帮助。作者一开始很羞涩，但是因为一只猫作者坚持了下来。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我睁大了眼睛，惊讶地发现那只是我们家的猫”可知，第一段可描写作者发现了那只猫。
②由第二段首句内容“我受到了鼓舞，冲到公交车站，决定不放弃这份兼职工作”可知，第二段可描写作者坚持完成了工作。
2.续写线索：发现猫——带回家——惊讶——不放弃——完成兼职——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
抱着：carry/hug
结束：end/be over
坚持：stick to / persist in
情绪类
惊讶：surprised /astonished
快乐：joy /happiness
【点睛】[高分句型1] When I showed him to her, she said, “Just as I told you, a miracle may happen as long as you don’t give up.”(运用了when引导时间状语从句)
[高分句型2] “Maybe it’ll indeed change me if I stick to it.”(运用了if引导条件状语从句)
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