2022-2023学年天津市西青区张家窝中学高二上学期期中考试英语试题含答案

这是一份2022-2023学年天津市西青区张家窝中学高二上学期期中考试英语试题含答案，共13页。试卷主要包含了单选题，阅读理解，完形填空，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。

 天津市西青区张窝中学2022-2023年高二上学期期中考试
英语试卷
第I卷(选择题)
一、单选题(本大题共25小题，共25.0分)
1. We are very _______ of what you have done to help us out of the trouble.
A. regretful B. embarrassed C. appreciative D. delighted
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们非常感谢你为帮助我们摆脱困境所做的一切。A. regretful后悔的；B. embarrassed窘迫的；C. appreciative感激的；D. delighted高兴的。根据“what you have done to help us out of the trouble”可知，“你”有帮助“我们”摆脱困境，因此appreciative“感激的”符合语境，构成固定短语be appreciative of，意为“对……表示感激”，表示对此很感激。故选C。
2. We regret ________ you that the book you need is not available at the moment in this library.
A. having told B. telling C. to tell D. to have told
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们很遗憾地告诉你，你需要的书目前在这个图书馆里没有。regret to do sth：遗憾要做某事，regret doing sth.后悔做过某事；根据句意的需要，此处表示的不是“后悔告诉了你”，而是“遗憾地要告诉你”。故选C项。
3. Many young party members have been _______ to work in the villages to promote economy.
A. deserved B. guaranteed C. assigned D. concluded
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多年轻党员被分配到乡村工作来振兴经济。A. deserved值得；B. guaranteed保证；C. assigned分配；D. concluded得出结论。根据“to work in the villages”可推知，assigned“分配”符合语境，assign sb. to do sth.是固定短语，意为“分配某人做某事”，句中为被动式，表示年轻党员被分配到乡村工作。故选C。
4. —What made Mary so upset today?
—________.
A. Because she lost her new bicycle B. Since her new bicycle was lost
C. Losing her new bicycle D. With her new bicycle lost
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：——玛丽今天怎么这么心烦意乱？——丢了她的新自行车。A. Because she lost her new bicycle因为她丢了她的新自行车；B. Since her new bicycle was lost因为她的新自行车丢了；C. Losing her new bicycle丢了她的新自行车；D. With her new bicycle lost她的新自行车丢了。分析句子，根据前文的提问，回答的内容应该等同于what的成份，what在句中作主语，故使用动名词作主语。A和B选项为句子，D选项为介词短语，三个选项都不能作主语。故只有C符合题意。故选C。
5. All the passengers are asked to remain _______ when the plane is landing.
A. seated B. to seat C. seating D. seat
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：飞机降落时，所有乘客都被要求一直坐着。分析句子可知，remain为系动词，后面缺少表语，seated，表示“就座的，坐下来的”，形容词作表语。故选A。
6. The purpose of the project was _______ the traffic condition in this city.
A. having improved B. to have improved
C. to improve D. how to improve
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这项计划的目的是改善城市的交通。分析语境和句子结构可知，此处缺少表语，主语是purpose，应用不定式作表语，用来说明主语的内容。故选C。
7. As a consequence of the pandemic，the GDP of that country_______by 20% compared with 2019.
A. contrasted B. declined C. defeated D. deserved
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于大流行病，该国的GDP比2019年降低了20%。A.contrasted对比，比较；B.declined下降；C.defeated战胜，打败；D.deserved值得。结合句意分析可知，流行病的盛行使得经济不景气，因此GDP是呈“下降”趋势。故选B项。
8. Seeing John rush into the room with tears in his eyes, I asked him ________.
A. what would happen B. what happened C. what to happen D. what had happened
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句和过去完成时。句意：看到约翰眼里含着泪水冲进房间，我问他发生了什么事。分析句子，设空处用what引导的宾语从句，同时happen该动作发生在ask之前，主语asked为一般过去时，故从句表示的是动作发生在过去的过去，即使用过去完成时，应用had done。故选D。
9. A decision has been made_______a temporary bridge across the river before the permanent bridge is finished.
A. in favour of B. in return for C. in control of D. in honour of
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：在永久性的桥修好之前建一座临时桥的决定已经通过。A. in favour of赞成，支持；B. in return for替换；C. in control of控制；D. in honour of为纪念。根据句意及所给句子可知，“a temporary bridge across the river before the permanent bridge is finished”作后置定语，修饰名词decision，表示“在永久性的桥修好之前建一座临时桥的决定”，用介词短语in favour of作后置定语。故填A项。
10. —I believe that Tom will pass the driving test this time.
—Absolutely. He _______ for the test for the last three weeks.
A. prepared B. will prepare
C. has been preparing D. has prepared
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：——我相信汤姆这次会通过驾驶考试的。——当然。过去三周他一直在为考试做准备。根据“Tom will pass the driving test this time”和时间状语“for the last three weeks”可知，此处表示prepare“准备”的行为从过去一直持续到现在，且很有可能持续下去，因此时态应用现在完成进行时，空处应用has been preparing。故选C。
11. ______in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.
A. To absorb B. To be absorbed
C. Absorbed D. Absorbing
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：全神贯注于绘画中，约翰没有注意到晚上到了。短语be absorbed in全神贯注于，在句中作状语，省略be动词，故选C。
【点睛】本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候，首先要抓住非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语，确定逻辑主语之后，再分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系，最后根据句意选择正确的答案。

12. Some scientists have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newton’s head and led him to ________ his theory of gravity.
A. live up to B. put up with
C. look up to D. come up with
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查短语词义辨析。句意：一些科学家甚至也怀疑过牛顿的故事：一个苹果掉下来砸中了牛顿的脑袋，促使他提出了万有引力定律。A.live up to达到；满足；B.put up with忍受；C.look up to仰慕；尊敬；D.come up with提出。根据句中 his theory of gravity，可知此处指提出理论。选项D符合题意，故选D。
13. （2015·天津）The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _______his employees enjoy their work.
A. where B. which
C. when D. who
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，在这种气氛中，其员工喜欢他们的工作。句中先行词为atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。故选A。
【名师点睛】本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需要牢牢抓住两点：第一、找准先行词。第二、看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。

14. —Jack refused to help me when I was in trouble.
—________? As far as I know, he is always ready to help others.
A. So what B. How come C. Why not D. What for
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我有麻烦的时候杰克拒绝帮助我。——-怎么会呢？据我所知，他总是乐于助人。A.So what那又怎样？B.How come怎么会呢？C.Why not为什么不呢？D.What for为什么（目的）。根据下文中“he is always ready to help others”可知，此处表示听话人对说话者的描述不相信，结合选项，选项B符合题意，故选B。
15. It remains ______ how many senior citizens will actually benefit from this new plan .
A. to see B. being seen C. seen D. to be seen
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有多少老年人能从这个新计划中真正受益还有待观察。分析句子可知，设空处接在remains后作表语，应用不定式表将要发生的动作，并且不定式和它的逻辑主语之间为被动关系，应用不定式的被动结构，故选B
16. When Tracy was told her son's illness could be cured, she left the hospital  .
A. in peace B. in surprise
C. in relief D. in time
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】考查介词短语的用法。句意：当Tracy被告知儿子的病能够被治好时，她如释重负地离开了医院。in peace和平地，安静地； in surprise 惊奇地；in relief如释重负，松了一口气；in time 及时。根据句意，得知儿子的病能够治好，应该是松了一口气，故选C。
【名师点睛】
介词短语也是高考的热点，需要考生平时多积累，注意它们的用法及区别。
即学即练：All the villagers live together .
A．in peace B．in surprise C．in time D．in relief
解析：A 句意：所有村民都和睦相处。
【详解】
17. With their daughter ________ them with food and clothes, the old couple are living a happy life.
A. providing B. provided C. to provide D. provide
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有了女儿提供的衣食，这对老夫妇过着幸福的生活。A. providing提供（现在分词）；B. provided提供（过去分词）；C. to provide提供（动词不定式）；D. provide提供（动词原形）。分析可知，“With their daughter ________ them with food and clothes”为with复合结构，所选动词“provide”与逻辑主语“their daughter”之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故选A项。
18. Nowadays, it is hard to imagine life without ______ to electricity in some remote areas.
A. access B. use C. approach D. way
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，很难想象在一些偏远地区没有电的生活。A. access机会，使用权；B. use利用，用途；C. approach靠近，方式；D. way方式，方法。分析可知，所选名词应与空前“without”和空后“to”构成固定短语，结合语境“without ______ to electricity in some remote areas”可知，应是表达“偏远地区没有电”的生活，“without access to”意为“享用不到”。故选A项。
19. —Hi, Bob, are you all right? __________
—Well, I just had a terrible quarrel with my best friend.
A. Do you think so? B. Don’t mention it.
C Why are you so upset? D. Not at all.
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——你好，鲍勃，你还好吗？你为什么这么不高兴呢？——唉，我刚和我最好的朋友吵架了。A. Do you think so你这么认为吗；B. Don’t mention it别客气；C. Why are you so upset你为什么这么不高兴；D. Not at all一点也不。根据回答中的“I just had a terrible quarrel with my best friend”可知，回答者在说明自己和最好的朋友吵架了，因此“Why are you so upset (你为什么这么不高兴)”符合情境，回答者是对提问者的疑问进行回答。故选C。
20. It’s important for your computer software _______ regularly.
A. to have updated B. to be updated
C. to update D. to have been updated
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：定期更新计算机软件很重要。选项动词update与前面名词computer software构成被动关系，动词还未做，句型结构为：it is adj. for sth. to be done表示对某事进行评论，用to be updated，符合题意。故选B项。
21. If you don’t have much experience and want to ________ an employer’s eye, then your resume (简历) should focus on your hard skills and education.
A. catch B. hold C. take D. grasp
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你没有太多的经验，而又想要吸引雇主的眼球，那么你的简历应该着重于你的硬技能和教育背景。A.catch抓住、赶上；B.hold举行、举办；C.take 拿、取；D.grasp抓牢。分析句子可知，这里考查catch one’s eyes，表“引人注目”，为固定搭配。故选A项。
22. ---I don’t think I will win a lottery of 5, 000, 000 dollars in all my life.
--- Well, ___________. Everything can happen.
A. You can never tell B. You’re kidding
C. What you say D. You made it
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查情景交际及习惯表达。句意：——我认为我这辈子不可能中五百万彩票。 ——很难说。一切都有可能发生。A. You can never tell很难说，一切都有可能发生；B. You’re kidding 你开玩笑吧；C. What you say你说什么；D. You made it 你能做到的。根据Everything can happen.可知这里意思是“很难说”。故选A项。
23. The Chinese women’s volleyball team’s perseverance ________ with an epic comeback against the defending champion Brail in the quarter-finals.
A. worked out B. carried on C. paid off D. aimed high
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在四分之一决赛中，中国女排以史诗般的逆转战胜了卫冕冠军巴西。A. worked out制定（处），产生结果；B. carried on继续进行；C. paid off还清，取得成功，得到好结果；D. aimed high力争上游。根据“ against the defending champion Brail in the quarter-finals.”，此处应为“取得成功”。故选C项。
24. Stephen Curry has been inspiring people to value the fact ______ one can work every single day to get better.
A. so that B. which C. where D. that
【答案】D
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：斯蒂芬·柯里一直在激励人们重视这样一个事实，即人们可以每天工作以求更好。分析句子可知，空格处引导同位语从句，解释说明the fact，从句句意完整，成分齐全，用连接词that，不做成分，无词义，仅起引导作用。so that以便于，引导状语从句；which哪一个；where在哪里，不符合句意，故选D。
【点睛】
25. In this way, _______ day in and day out helped Stephen sharpen his skills.
A. he practised B. practising
C. having practised D. practises
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：就这样，日复一日的练习帮助斯蒂芬提高了他的技能。分析句子可知，句中缺少主语，可用动名词短语practising day in and day out作主语，C项是动名词完成式，强调practise发生在helped之前，不符合语境。故选B。
二、阅读理解(本大题共20小题，共50.0分)
A
Guide to Stockholm University Library
Our library offers different types of studying places and provides a good studying environment.
Zones
The library is divided into different zones. The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading, and places where you can sit and work with your own computer. The reading places consist mostly of tables and chairs. The ground floor is the zone where you can talk. Here you can find sofas and armchairs for group work.
Computers
You can use your own computer to connect to the wi­fi specially prepared for notebook computers; you can also use library computers; which contain the most commonly used applications, such as Microsoft Office. They are situated in the area known as the Experimental Field on the ground floor.
Group­study Places
If you want to discuss freely without disturbing others, you can book a study room or sit at a table on the ground floor. Some study rooms are for 2­3 people and others can hold up to 6­8 people. All rooms are marked on the library maps.
There are 40 group­study rooms that must be booked via the website. To book, you need an active University account and a valid University card. You can use a room three hours per day, nine hours at most per week.
Storage of Study Material
The library has lockers for students to store course literature. When you have obtained at least 40 credits (学分), you may rent a locker and pay 400 SEK for a year’s rental period.
Rules to be Followed
Mobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library. Keep your phone on silent as if you were in a lecture and exit the library if you need to receive calls.
Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you.
26. The library’s upper floor is mainly for students to________.
A. read in a quiet place
B. have group discussions
C. take comfortable seats
D. get their computers fixed
27. Library computers on the ground floor________.
A. help students with their field experiments
B. contain software essential for schoolwork
C. are for those who want to access the wi­fi
D. are mostly used for filling out application forms
28. What condition should be met to book a group­study room?
A. A group must consist of 8 people.
B. Three­hour use per day is the minimum.
C. One should first register at the university.
D. Applicants must mark the room on the map.
29. A student can rent a locker in the library if he________.
A. can afford the rental fee
B. attends certain courses
C. has nowhere to put his books
D. has earned the required credits
30. What should NOT be brought into the library?
A. Mobile phones. B. Orange juice.
C. Candy. D. Sandwiches.
【答案】26. A 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了斯德哥尔摩大学图书馆的不同区域、图书馆的电脑、小组学习地点、学习材料的存放和需要遵守的规定。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。联系文章Zones部分中的“The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading(楼上是一个安静的区域，有超过1000个安静阅读的地方)”可知，图书馆的上层主要是供学生在一个安静的地方阅读，故选A。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。从文章Computers部分中的“you can also use library computers, which contain the most commonly used applications, such as Microsoft Office.(你也可以使用图书馆的电脑；其中包含最常用的应用程序，如Microsoft Office。)”可知，图书馆一楼的电脑里装有学习必备的软件，故选B。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。从文章Group­study Places部分中的“To book, you need an active University account and a valid University card.(预订时，你需要一个活跃的大学账户和一个有效的大学卡。)”可知，要想在这里预订房间，就是首先要在大学进行注册。故选C。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。联系文章Storage of Study Material部分中的“When you have obtained at least 40 credits (学分), you may rent a locker and pay 400 SEK for a year’s rental period.(当你获得了至少40个积分，你可以租一个储物柜，并支付400 SEK一年的租期。)”可知，如果学生已经获得了要求的学分，他可以在图书馆租一个储物柜，故选D。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。从文章Rules to be Followed部分中“Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library(请注意，图书馆内禁止携带食物和水果)”可知，食物sandwiches“三明治”是不能带进图书馆的。根据此部分中的“Mobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library. Keep your phone on silent as if you were in a lecture and exit the library if you need to receive calls.(图书馆内不允许用手机交谈。把手机调成静音，就像在上课一样，如果需要接电话，就离开图书馆。)”可知，在图书馆内是不能打电话的，但是可以带着手机，把手机调至静音，故排除A项。而B项和C项属于饮料和糖果，是可以带入图书馆的，故也被排除。故选D。
B
In the kitchen of my mother’s houses there has always been a wooden stand（木架）with a small notepad（记事本）and a hole for a pencil.
I’m looking for paper on which to note down the name of a book I am recommending to my mother. Over forty years since my earliest memories of the kitchen pad and pencil, five houses later, the current paper and pencil look the same as they always did. Surely it can’t be the same pencil? The pad is more modern, but the wooden stand is definitely the original one.
“I’m just amazed you still have the same stand for holding the pad and pencil after all these year.” I say to her, walking bank into the living-room with a sheet of paper and the pencil. “You still use a pencil. Can’t you afford a pen?”
My mother replies a little sharply. “It works perfectly well. I’ve always kept the stand in the kitchen. I never knew when I might want to note down an idea, and I was always in the kitchen in these days.”
Immediately I can picture her, hair wild, blue housecoat covered in flour, a wooden spoon in one hand, the pencil in the other, her mouth moving silently. My mother smiles and says, “One day I was cooking and watching baby Pauline, and I had a brilliant thought, but the stand was empty. One of the children must have taken the paper. So I just picked up the breadboard and wrote it all down on the back. It turned out to be a real breakthrough for solving the mathematical problem I was working on.”
This story—which happened before I was born—reminds me how extraordinary my mother was, and is, as a gifted mathematician. I feel embarrassed that I complain about not having enough child-free time to work. Later, when my mother is in the bathroom, I go into her kitchen and turn over the breadboards. Sure enough, on the back of the smallest one, are some penciled marks I recognize as mathematics. Those symbols have traveled unaffected through fifty years, rooted in the soil of a cheap wooden breadboard, invisible（看不到的）exhibits at every meal.
31. Why has the author’s mother always kept the notepad and pencil in the kitchen?
A. To leave messages. B. To list her everyday tasks.
C To note down maths problems. D. To write down a flash of inspiration.
32. What is the author’s original opinion about the wooden stand?
A. It has great value for the family.
B. It needs to be replaced by a better one.
C. It brings her back to her lonely childhood.
D. It should be passed on to the next generation.
33. The author feels embarrassed for_______.
A. blaming her mother wrongly.
B. giving her mother a lot of trouble.
C. not making good use of time as her mother did.
D. not making any breakthrough in her field.
34. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. The mother is successful in her career.
B. The family members like traveling.
C. The author had little time to play when young.
D. The marks on the breadboard have disappeared.
35. In thauthor’s mind ,her mother is_________.
A. strange in behavior. B. keen on her research.
C. fond of collecting old things. D. careless about her appearance.
【答案】31. D 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者妈妈的厨房里总是放着一个记事本架子和一支铅笔。我很不解为什么她到现在还保持用铅笔的习惯。母亲向作者讲述了保持用铅笔的习惯原因。作者后悔没能像母亲那样利用自己的时间。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。由第三段I never knew when I might want to note down an idea可知，母亲不知道什么时候就会该记下自己的一个想法。所以为什么作者的母亲总是把记事本和铅笔放在厨房里是因为它们是母亲用来记录下自己突然的灵感的工具。故选D。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段I'm just amazed you still have the same stand for holding the pad and pencil after all these years可知，作者只是很惊讶，这么多年过去了，母亲还用着记事本和铅笔。所以判断出，作者对母亲一直用很早以前的工具不解，认为她早就应该换更好的了。故选B。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的This story—which happened before I was born—reminds me how extraordinary my mother was, and is, as a gifted mathematician. I feel embarrassed that I complain about not having enough child-free time to work可知，这个故事——发生在作者出生之前——让作者想起了自己的母亲是一个多么非凡的有天赋的数学家。作者感到很尴尬，因为作者抱怨没有足够的时间工作。所以判断出作者后悔没能像母亲那样利用自己的时间。故选C。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的This story—which happened before I was born—reminds me how extraordinary my mother was, and is, as a gifted mathematician可知，母亲是一个有天赋的数学家。所以从最后一段推断出出这位母亲事业有成。故选A
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“One day I was cooking and watching baby Pauline, and I had a brilliant thought, but the stand was empty. So I just picked up the breadboard and wrote it all down on the back. It turned out to be a real breakthrough for solving the mathematical problem I was working on.”可知，有一天母亲一边做饭一遍看小波林，母亲有一个很棒的想法，但是没有任何地方可以记录。所以母亲拿起面板，把它的想法写在了背面。事实证明，这是解决母亲正在研究的数学问题的真正突破。所以判断出作者的母亲很热衷于自己的研究。故选B。
C
There is an old Chinese proverb that states “One generation plants the trees; another gets the shade,” and this is how it should be with mothers and daughters. The relationship between a mother and a daughter is sometimes confusing. The relationship can be similar to friendship. However, the mother and daughter relationship has unique characteristics that distinguish it from a friendship. These characteristics include a hierarchy (等级) of responsibilities and unconditional love, which preclude mothers and daughters from being best friends.
Marina, 27 years old, said, “I love spending time with my mom, but I wouldn’t consider her my best friend. Best friends don’t pay for your wedding. Best friends don’t remind you how they carried you in their body and gave you life! Best friends don’t tell you how wise they are because they have been alive at least 20 years longer than you.” This doesn’t mean that the mother and daughter relationship can’t be very close and satisfying. This generation of mothers and adult daughters has a lot in common, which increases the likelihood of shared companionship. Mothers and daughters have always shared the common experience of being homemakers, responsible for maintaining and passing on family values and traditions. Today contemporary mothers and daughters also share the experience of work and technology, which may bring them even closer together.
Best friends may or may not continue to be best friends, but for better or worse, the mother and daughter relationship is permanent, even if for some unfortunate reason they aren’t speaking. Sometimes this is not an equal relationship. Daughters don’t always feel responsible for their mother’s emotional well-being. But mothers never stop being mothers, which includes frequently wanting to protect their daughters and often feeling responsible for their happiness. The mother and daughter relationship is a relationship that is not replaceable by any other. Mothers always “trump (胜过)” friends.
36. What does the underlined word “preclude” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. differ. B. benefit.
C. prevent. D. change.
37. What can we learn from what Marina said?
A. Best friends will not spend money on her wedding.
B. Best friends will not remind her of important issues in life.
C. Her mother is wiser on account of her age.
D. Her mother is anything but her best friend.
38. Why can a mother and a daughter build a closer relationship?
A. Because they share advanced technology with each other.
B. Because they work together to support the whole family.
C. Because they experience the same values and traditions.
D. Because they have common experience in life and work.
39. What do we know from the text?
A. The mother and daughter relationship can be replaced by a best friend.
B. A mother’s love brings her and her daughter a close friendship.
C. Marina has a troubled relationship with her mother.
D. The mother and daughter relationship goes beyond best friendship.
40. What is the text mainly about?
A. How to build a good mother and daughter relationship.
B. A mother-daughter relationship is irreplaceable.
C. Mothers want to be daughters’ friends.
D. A daughter is a mother’s best friend.
【答案】36. C 37. D 38. D 39. D 40. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是议论文。文章论述了“母女关系”，认为母女关系独具特点，不同于友谊，母亲与女儿不可能成为最好的朋友。作者认为，母女之间有许多共同之处，但是，友谊可能不再，母女关系永存、不可替代。友谊是双向的，但是母亲永远希望保护女儿、为女儿负责，女儿却不必为母亲的幸福承担责任。
【36题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句前的However, the mother and daughter relationship has unique characteristics that distinguish it from a friendship.（然而，母女关系有其独特的特点，使之有别于友谊），划线词所在句是对前句的解释，即为什么母女关系有别于友谊；划线词所在句指出“责任等级和无条件的爱”使母亲和女儿无法成为最好的朋友。由此推知，划线词意为“妨碍，阻止”。故选C。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的Marina, 27 years old, said, “I love spending time with my mom, but I wouldn’t consider her my best friend. Best friends don’t pay for your wedding. Best friends don’t remind you how they carried you in their body and gave you life! Best friends don’t tell you how wise they are because they have been alive at least 20 years longer than you.” （27岁的玛丽娜说：“我喜欢和妈妈在一起，但我不会把她当成我最好的朋友。最好的朋友不会为你的婚礼买单。最好的朋友不会提醒你他们是如何用他们的身体带给你生命的!最好的朋友不会告诉你他们有多聪明，因为他们比你至少多活了20年。”）可知，玛丽娜认为母亲除了不是她最好的朋友，母亲是她的一切。故选D。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的This generation of mothers and adult daughters has a lot in common, which increases the likelihood of shared companionship. Mothers and daughters have always shared the common experience of being homemakers, responsible for maintaining and passing on family values and traditions. Today contemporary mothers and daughters also share the experience of work and technology, which may bring them even closer together.（这一代母亲和成年女儿有很多共同之处，这增加了她们共享友谊的可能性。母亲和女儿都有共同的经历，她们都是家庭主妇，负责维护和传承家庭价值观和传统。今天，当代的母亲和女儿们也分享工作和技术的经验，这可能会使她们更加亲密）可知，母亲和女儿可以建立更亲密的关系，因为她们在生活和工作中有共同的经验。故选D。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一句话Mothers always “trump (胜过)” friends.（母亲总是胜过朋友）及上文的论述可知，母女关系超越了最好的友谊。故选D。
【40题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章最后两句话The mother and daughter relationship is a relationship that is not replaceable by any other. Mothers always“trump (胜过)”friends.（母女关系是其他任何关系都无法替代的关系。母亲总是“胜过”朋友）可知，文论证的是母女关系不同于朋友关系但超越朋友关系，母女关系是其他任何关系都无法替代的关系。故选B。
D
One of the biggest icebergs(冰山) ever recorded has just broken away from Antarctica. The giant block covers an area of about 6,000 sq km; that’s about a quarter the size of Wales, part of the United Kingdom. A US satellite observed (观察)the berg while passing over an area known as the Larsen C Ice Shelf (冰架).
Researchers, who’d been following the development of a large crack(裂缝) in Larsen’s ice for more than a decade, were expecting it. The crack’s expansion had accelerated since 2014, making an upcoming calving(分离) ever more likely. The thick berg will not move very far, very fast in the short term. But it will need to be monitored(监视). Currents and winds might eventually push it north of the Antarctic where it could become a serious threat to shipping.
The American space agency’s Aqua satellite noticed clear water in the crack between the shelf and the berg. The water is warmer relative to the surrounding ice and air. The event was confirmed by other spacecraft such as Europe’s Sentinel-1 satellite-radar system. The new Larsen berg is probably in the top 10 biggest ever recorded. The largest observed in the satellite era was an object called B-15. It came away from the Ross Ice Shelf in 2000 and measured some 11,000 sq km. Sixe years later, parts of this super-berg still existed and passed by New Zealand. In 1956, it was reported that a US Navy icebreaker had met with an object of roughly 32,000 sq km. That’s bigger than Belgium. Unfortunately, there were no satellites at the time to follow up and confirm the observation.
The Larsen C Ice Shelf has been known to produce bigger bergs. An object measuring some 9,000 sq km came away in 1986. Many of Larsen’s bergs can enter the Weddell sea or can follow currents into the Southern Ocean, and even into the South Atlantic. A good number of bergs from this shelf can end up being caught on the shallow continental shelf around the British overseas area of South Georgia where they gradually fade away.
41. How did researchers view the appearance of the new Larsen berg?
A. It needed to be confirmed.
B. It was smaller than expected.
C. It came as no surprise.
D. It was formed within a very short time.
42. What will researchers most probably do next?
A. Study the satellite-radar system.
B. Keep a close eye on the new iceberg.
C. Try to find the cause of the calving.
D. Focus on the clear water in the crack.
43. How was B-15 different from the iceberg discovered in 1956?
A. B-15 was much bigger.
B. B-15 was discovered earlier.
C. B-15 was noticed by the satellite
D. B-15 was founded by a navy icebreaker.
44. Why does the author mention the iceberg formed in 1986?
A. To give an example of Larsen’s bergs.
B. To compare it with the new berg.
C. To show where Larsen’s bergs often go.
D. To explain why Larsen produces big bergs.
45. What can be the best title for the text?
A. The secret behind the phenomenon of calving.
B. Larsen C Ice Shelf needs more attention.
C. Some of the biggest bergs ever recorded.
D. Giant iceberg breaks away from Antarctica.
【答案】41. C 42. B 43. C 44. A 45. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自然现象——巨大的冰山脱离了南极洲。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Researchers, who’d been following the development of a large crack(裂缝) in Larsen’s ice for more than a decade, were expecting it. ”（十多年来，研究人员一直在跟踪拉森冰川上的一条大裂缝的发展，他们预计会出现这种情况）可知，研究人员认为Larsen berg的出现并不令人意外，故选C。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“The thick berg will not move very far, very fast in the short term. But it will need to be monitored(监视). ”（短时间内，厚冰山不会移动得很远，也不会移动得很快。但它需要被监控）可知，研究人员接下来最有可能密切关注新冰山，故选B。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“The largest observed in the satellite era was an object called B-15. （卫星时代观测到的最大天体是一个叫做B-15）”和“In 1956, it was reported that a US Navy icebreaker had met with an object of roughly 32,000 sq km. That’s bigger than Belgium. Unfortunately, there were no satellites at the time to follow up and confirm the observation.”（1956年，据报道，一艘美国海军破冰船遇到了一个面积约32000平方公里的物体。比比利时还大。不幸的是，当时没有卫星跟踪和确认观测结果）可知，B-15和1956发现的的冰川的不同之处，B-15被卫星记录下来了。故选C。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“An object measuring some 9,000 sq km came away in 1986. Many of Larsen’s bergs can enter the Weddell sea or can follow currents into the Southern Ocean, and even into the South Atlantic. A good number of bergs from this shelf can end up being caught on the shallow continental shelf around the British overseas area of South Georgia where they gradually fade away.”（1986年，一个面积约9000平方公里的物体消失了。许多拉森冰山可以进入威德尔海，或者跟随洋流进入南大洋，甚至进入南大西洋。这个大陆架上的大量冰山最终会在英国海外地区南乔治亚附近的浅海大陆架上被捕获，在那里它们会逐渐消失）可推知，此处提到1986年形成的冰川是因为它是大型冰川消失的一个例子，故选A。
【45题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段中心句“One of the biggest icebergs(冰山) ever recorded has just broken away from Antarctica. ”（有记录以来最大的冰山之一刚刚从南极洲脱离）可知，文章介绍巨大的冰山脱离了南极洲。因此本文的最佳标题为“巨大的冰山脱离了南极洲”。故选D。
【点睛】
三、完形填空(本大题共20小题，共30.0分)
完形填空（共20小题；阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D中)，选出可以填入空白处。
One evening, I was resting in a cafe. I___46___a pair of newly bought white leather (皮革) shoes, which were rather expensive. Then a boy came to me.
He was in a(n)___47___ shirt, looking pale and about eleven. No sooner had I begun to speak than he opened the ___48___in his hand and took out the tools of shoe-polishing. He ___49___down, took off my leather shoes, and began to shine them. He was busy doing his work___50___heavy rain began to pour down. People rushed to the café for___51___from the rain. More and more people crowded ___52___and gradually separated the boy from me.
Hours passed, and it turned ___53___I had no shoes on my feet and ___54___where the boy had been. I thought he would not ____55____my shoes, and I would have to go home on my bare feet.
When it was near midnight the____56____ended, and there were fewer and fewer people in the café.
The café was to be____57____ I had to move to the door, head____58____ just as I went to the gate, I____59____found that a boy of about eleven, looking very familiar, was sleeping at the ____60____with his head leaning against a box and his upper body being ____61____he held a package made of his shirt tightly in his arms. I shook him slightly and woke him up. He ____62____up and rubbed his eyes for a while before he recognized me. Then he opened the package____63____, gave me my leather shoes, and apologized to me shyly. I ____64____him and wrapped him with his unfit shirt, which had wrapped my leather shoes. On my way home, the____65____of the boy stayed in my mind.
46. A. took B. wore C. mended D. owned
47. A. old B. unfit C. small D. dirty
48. A. bag B. package C. box D. suitcase
49. A. seated B. bent C. put D. looked
50. A. when B. after C. because D. since
51. A. protection B. rest C. hide D. preparation
52. A. out B. away C. in D. off
53. A. dark B. light C. dim D. bright
54. A. thought B. wondered C. guessed D. imagined
55. A. shine B. keep C. return D. carry
56. A. rain B. coffee C. time D. work
57. A. opened B. locked C. stopped D. closed
58. A. lowered B. dropped C. raised D. held
59. A. shortly B. surprisedly C. sadly D. immediately
60. A. table B. door C. bed D. cafe
61. A. wet B. bare C. pale D. cold
62. A. stayed B. as C. jumped D. got
63. A. finally B. suddenly C. unfriendly D. hurriedly
64. A. recognized B. forgave C. paid D. inspired
65. A. feature B. shirt C. image D. form
【答案】46. B 47. B 48. C 49. B 50. A 51. A 52. C 53. A 54. B 55. C 56. A 57. D 58. A 59. B 60. B 61. B 62. C 63. D 64. C 65. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个守信的擦鞋的男孩的形象，告诉我们诚实守信的重要性。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我穿着一双新买的白皮鞋，相当贵。A. took拿；B. wore穿着；C. mended修理；D. owned拥有。根据“He ___4___down, took off my leather shoes, and began to shine them.”可知，作者穿着一双新买的白色鞋。故选B。
【47题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他穿着一件不合身的衬衫，脸色苍白，大约十一岁。A. old旧的；B. unfit不适宜的；C. small小的；D. dirty脏的。根据“I ___19___him and wrapped him with his unfit shirt,”可知，男孩穿着一件不合身的衬衫。故选B。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我刚开始说话，他就打开手里的盒子，拿出擦鞋的工具。A. bag包；B. package包裹；C. box盒；D. suitcase手提箱。根据“was sleeping at the ___15___with his head leaning against a box”可知，男孩打开盒子，拿出擦鞋的工具，准备擦鞋。故选C。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他弯下腰，脱下我的皮鞋，开始擦皮鞋。A. seated坐下；B. bent弯曲；C. put放；D. looked看。根据“took off my leather shoes, and began to shine them.”可知，男孩弯下腰准备擦鞋。故选B。
【50题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：他正忙着工作，突然下起了大雨。A. when就在那时；B. after在……以后；C. because因为；D. since自从。根据“He was busy doing his work”可知，男孩忙于他的工作，就在那时，下起了大雨。故选A。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们冲到咖啡馆避雨。A. protection保护；B. rest休息；C. hide隐藏；D. preparation准备。根据“People rushed to the café”可知，人们为了躲雨涌进了咖啡店。故选A。
【52题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：越来越多的人挤进来，渐渐地把那个男孩和我分开了。A. out在外；B. away离开；C. in向里；D. off 远离。crowd in是固定用法，意思是“涌入”。根据“People rushed to the café for___6___from the rain.”可知，因为要避雨，越来越多的人涌入咖啡店。故选C。
【53题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几个小时过去了，天黑了，我脚上没穿鞋，不知道那个男孩去了哪里。A. dark黑的；B. light轻的；C. dim昏暗的；D. bright明亮的。根据“When it was near midnight”可知，天变黑了。故选A。
54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：几个小时过去了，天黑了，我脚上没穿鞋，不知道那个男孩去了哪里。A. thought认为；B. wondered想知道；C. guessed猜测；D. imagined想象。根据“where the boy had been.”可知，因为作者与男孩分开，作者没有鞋穿，想知道那个男孩在哪里。故选B。
【55题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想他不会还我鞋的，我只好光着脚回家了。A. shine擦皮鞋；B. keep保持；C. return归还；D. carry携带。根据“and I would have to go home on my bare feet.”可知，作者认为男孩不会归还自己的鞋了。故选C。
【56题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：快到午夜时，雨停了，咖啡馆里的人越来越少了。A. rain雨；B. coffee咖啡；C. time时间；D. work工作。根据“He was busy doing his work___5___heavy rain began to pour down.”可知，接近午夜，雨停了。故选A。
【57题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：咖啡馆要关门了，我不得不低着头走到门口，就在我走到门口的时候，我惊奇地发现一个看起来很熟悉的大约十一岁的男孩正在门口睡觉，他的头靠在一个盒子上，上身裸露着，怀里紧紧地抱着一个由他的衬衫做成的包裹。A. opened打开；B. locked锁上；C. stopped停止；D. closed关闭。根据“When it was near midnight the___11___ended, and there were fewer and fewer people in the café.”可知，咖啡店要关门了。故选D。
【58题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：咖啡馆要关门了，我不得不低着头走到门口，就在我走到门口的时候，我惊奇地发现一个看起来很熟悉的大约十一岁的男孩正在门口睡觉，他的头靠在一个盒子上，上身裸露着，怀里紧紧地抱着一个由他的衬衫做成的包裹。A. lowered低着；B. dropped落下；C. raised提起；D. held举起。根据“When it was near midnight the___11___ended, and there were fewer and fewer people in the café.”可知，天黑了，作者光着脚，低着头走路。故选A。
【59题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：咖啡馆要关门了，我不得不低着头走到门口，就在我走到门口的时候，我惊奇地发现一个看起来很熟悉的大约十一岁的男孩正在门口睡觉，他的头靠在一个盒子上，上身裸露着，怀里紧紧地抱着一个由他的衬衫做成的包裹。A. shortly马上；B. surprisedly惊奇地；C. sadly悲哀地；D. immediately立即。根据“found that a boy of about eleven, looking very familiar, was sleeping at the ___15___with his head leaning against a box and his upper body being ___16___he held a package made of his shirt tightly in his arms.”可知，作者本以为找不到小男孩了，却在门口看到了他，所以很吃惊。故选B。
【60题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：咖啡馆要关门了，我不得不低着头走到门口，就在我走到门口的时候，我惊奇地发现一个看起来很熟悉的大约十一岁的男孩正在门口睡觉，他的头靠在一个盒子上，上身裸露着，怀里紧紧地抱着一个由他的衬衫做成的包裹。A. table桌子；B. door门；C. bed床；D. cafe咖啡。根据“The café was to be___12___ I had to move to the door,”可知，作者朝门方向走，在门口发现了男孩，所以男孩在门口睡着了。故选B。
【61题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：咖啡馆要关门了，我不得不低着头走到门口，就在我走到门口的时候，我惊奇地发现一个看起来很熟悉的大约十一岁的男孩正在门口睡觉，他的头靠在一个盒子上，上身裸露着，怀里紧紧地抱着一个由他的衬衫做成的包裹。A. wet湿的；B. bare赤裸的；C. pale苍白的；D. cold冷的。根据“he held a package made of his shirt tightly in his arms.”可知，男孩他的上身赤裸着。故选B。
【62题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他跳了起来，揉了揉眼睛，一会儿才认出了我。A. stayed停留；B. say说；C. jumped跳；D. got得到。根据“I shook him slightly and woke him up.”可知，男孩被喊醒，惊得跳起来。故选C。
【63题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后他急忙打开包裹，把我的皮鞋给了我，并害羞地向我道歉。A. finally最后；B. suddenly突然；C. unfriendly有敌意地；D. hurriedly匆忙地。根据“gave me my leather shoes, and apologized to me shyly.”可知，男孩匆忙打开了小包裹，急着把鞋还给作者。故选D。
【64题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我付了钱，用他那件不合身的衬衫把他裹起来，那件衬衫曾包过我的皮鞋。A. recognized认出；B. forgave原谅；C. paid付款；D. inspired鼓舞。根据“him and wrapped him with his unfit shirt, which had wrapped my leather shoes.”可知，作者付给男孩擦鞋的钱。故选C。
【65题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在回家的路上，那个男孩的形象一直在我的脑海里。A. feature特征；B. shirt衬衣；C. image形象；D. form形状。根据“the boy stayed in my mind.”可知，男孩的形象在一直在作者的脑海中。故选C。
第II卷(非选择题)
四、书面表达(本大题共1小题，共25.0分)
66. 假定你是李华，计划组织一次郊游，请给你的英国朋友Chris写封邮件邀请他参加，内容包括：
1.参加者：你的同学；
2.时间、地点：五月一日，上午8点在学校门口集合出发，下午5点结束返回。
3.活动：登山、唱歌、跳舞、野餐等。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Chris,
How are you getting along? I am writing to invite you to go for an outing with my classmates and me on May 1st.
We organize this activity with the aim of enhancing our relationship and building up our bodies. As scheduled, after gathering at the school gate at 8:00 a.m., we are going to Qingshan Park in the suburb by bike. Arriving at the park at 8:20 a.m., we will climb the hill there, breathing fresh air and appreciating the gorgeous scenery. On the top of the hill, we are going to have a picnic while enjoy singing and dancing performed by some talented classmates. We are to return at 5:00 p.m.
Hope you won’t miss the joyful activity. Your attendance is greatly expected.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于邀请信。要求考生给英国朋友Chris写信邀请他参加郊游。
【详解】1.词汇积累
远足：outing → hiking
目的：aim → purpose
安排：schedule → plan
欣赏：appreciate → enjoy
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：As scheduled, after gathering at the school gate at 8:00 a.m., we are going to Qingshan Park in the suburb by bike.
拓展句：As scheduled, after we gather at the school gate at 8:00 a.m., we are going to Qingshan Park in the suburb by bike.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Arriving at the park at 8:20 a.m., we will climb the hill there, breathing fresh air and appreciating the gorgeous scenery. (运用了现在分词短语作时间状语和伴随状语)
[高分句型2] Hope you won’t miss the joyful activity. (运用了祈使句和省略连词that的宾语从句)