2022-2023学年江西省南昌市南昌县莲塘第一中学高二上学期11月期中英语试题含答案

这是一份2022-2023学年江西省南昌市南昌县莲塘第一中学高二上学期11月期中英语试题含答案，共13页。试卷主要包含了 5分)， B等内容，欢迎下载使用。

第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题15分，满分7. 5分)
请听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Which city will Kate travel t?
A. Barcelna. B. Flrence. C. Paris.
2. What’s the relatinship between the speakers?
A. Teacher and student B. Dctr and patient. C. Classmates.
3. Hw much shuld Ada’s father pay?
A. £ 40. B. £ 50 C. £ 60
4. Hw des Tracy prbably find the mther’s idea?
A. Cnfusing. B. Necessary. C. Disappinting.
5. What are the speakers talking abut?
A. Fictin Allen lves reading. B. Different types f fictin. C. Bks Allen has read.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1. 5分，满分22, 5分)
所下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
6. What’s wrng with Mr Brwn’s reservatin?
A. The rm is nt fr tw. B. The dates are nt crrect. C. The rm has n cean view.
7. What will Mr Brwn d next?
A. Cmplain abut the htel’s service. B. Change t anther htel. C. Cmplete a frm.
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
8. Why d the flwers arrive late?
A. The wrker has gt hurt B. The wrker is stuck in traffic a tp2
C. The stre sends the wrng persn.
9. When des the pening ceremny prbably start?
A. At 12:30 pm. B. At 1:00 pm. C. At 1:30 pm.
10. Where are the speakers?
A. At a flwer stre. B. At a meeting hall C. On the street.
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
11. What may Linda want t d mst when taking a part-time jb?
A. Offer peple sme shpping advice B. Guide turists arund muntains.
C. Serve peple fd and drinks.
12. Why des Linda give up the Tutapint platfrm?
A. She hates exams. B. She lacks experience. C. She hardly affrds its service.
13. What is a requirement f the third platfrm?
A. Being at least 17 years ld. B. Adding a list f tutr services.
C. Checking ptential clients ‘infrmatin.
14. Which platfrm will Linda prbably chse at last?
A. Kaplan. B. Tutapint C. Happy Tutrs.
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
15. What are the clrs f the first painting’s backgrund?
A. Blue and green. B. White and blue. C. Yellw and white.
16. What des the painter want t cnvey in The Flwer Carrier?
A. The beauty f nature. B. The cuple’s struggle. C. The harmnius relatinship.
17. Wh is the wman’s favrite artist?
A. Dieg Rivera. B. Henri Matisse C. Pabl Picass.
听下面一段独白，回答小题。
18. What is the speaker’s university like?
A. It’s the third largest in the wrld. B. It welcmes wrldwide students.
C. It has many freign experts wrking there.
19 What helped the speaker g thrugh her hard time?
A. Ging traveling. B. Reading bks. C. Chatting with strangers.
20. Hw did the speaker find her experience abrad?
A. Difficult. B. Cstly. C. Beneficial
第二部分：阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节：阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
If yu want t knw smething abut British life their spirit, and even their humr, watching sme classic British films will certainly help. Here are sme recmmended t yu.
Ntting Hill
After the success f his film Fur Weddings and a Funeral, writer and prducer Richard Curtis captured the essence f being British in 1999’s Ntting Hill. Set against the backgrund f affluent (富足的) West Lndn, the film became ppular fr its charming and funny prtrayal(刻画) f a British nbdy trying t impress a Hllywd star.
The Full Mnty
This 1997 film is a Sheffield-based cmedy abut six unemplyed men wh frm a grup t make mney fr a better life. Despite its hummer, the film dives deeper int sme serius issues surrunding wrking-class culture. The Full Mnty is an uplifting film that gives an insight int the wrk and life f the wrking class in Britain.
Trainsptting
Danny Byle’s 1996 cmedy-drama Trainsptting is abut a grup f Scts in the 1980s, based n the bk by Irvine Welsh. With a cast f truly great actrs including Ewan MeGregr, the tale impressed the audience glbally. It rapidly became a critical success.
Mnty Pythn’s Life f Brian
Featuring a jam-packed cast f cmedic stars. Mnty Pythn’s Life f Brian tells the stry f a yung man wh is in a case f mistaken identity. The film reflects the unusual and wnderful British sense f humur. As a film guaranteed t entertain, Mnty Pythns Life f Brian is nt t be missed by thse lking fr an insight int what makes the British laugh.
1. What can the audience learn abut by watching The Full Mnty?
A. Hardships f cmedic starsB. Daily life f peple in West Lndn
C. Unique experiences f sme Scts.D. Life f the British wrking class.
2. What kind f film des Mnty Pythn’s Life f Brian belng t?
A. A cmedy film.B. A science fictin film.
C. An actin mvieD. A hrrr mvie.
3. Which f the fllwing films is adapted frm a bk?
A. Ntting Hill.B. The Full Mnty.
C. Trainsptting.D. Mnty Pythn’s Life f Brian.
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。文章介绍了有助于了解英国人的生活和精神，甚至他们的幽默的4部经典的英国电影。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Full Mnty部分“The Full Mnty is an uplifting film that gives an insight int the wrk and life f the wrking class in Britain. (《欢乐满月》是一部令人振奋的电影，它深入了解了英国工人阶级的工作和生活。)”可知，观众观看The Full Mnty，能从中了解到英国工人阶级的工作和生活。故选D。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据Mnty Pythn’s Life f Brian部分“Featuring a jam-packed cast f cmedic stars, Mnty Pythn’s Life f Brian tells the stry f a yung man wh is in a case f mistaken identity. The film reflects the unusual and wnderful British sense f humur. As a film guaranteed t entertain, Mnty Pythn’s Life f Brian is nt t be missed by thse lking fr an insight int what makes the British laugh. (巨蟒剧团的《布莱恩的一生》汇聚了一众喜剧明星，讲述了一个被认错身份的年轻人的故事。这部电影反映了英国人独特而精彩的幽默感。作为一部保证娱乐的电影，巨蟒剧团的《布莱恩的一生》是那些想要了解英国人笑点的人不容错过的。)”可知，这部电影中，喜剧明星云集，反映了英国人独特而精彩的幽默感，所以属于喜剧电影。故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Trainsptting部分“Danny Byle’s 1996 cmedy-drama Trainsptting is abut a grup f Scts in the 1980s, based n the bk by Irvine Welsh. (丹尼·博伊尔1996年的喜剧Trainsptting是根据欧文·威尔士的小说改编的，讲述了20世纪80年代一群苏格兰人的故事。)”可知，rainsptting是根据欧文·威尔士的小说改编而来的一部电影，故选C。
B
The wnderful multiple-award winning prducer, writer, and directr Nrman Lear, wh is 100, was recently interviewed by a TV hst, wh asked him what advice he wuld give t yunger peple as a successful man. Withut missing a beat, Lear said, “Learn t let things that bther yu g.”
Thse few wrds are sme f the mst pwerful in the wrld. I knw that if peple culd just learn t d it, murder and divrce rates wuld fall dramatically, and I wuld be ut f a jb.
Learning t let g f what bthers yu is a dream fr many peple, each f us has ur wn persnal demns (魔鬼) t fight. The big questin is: hw d yu let g f them? There is n ne slutin that wrks fr everyne, because we’re all different. Psychtherapy(心理疗法) may help sme peple wh hld n t negative thughts, while thers dn’t respnd t such treatments.
Even after yu’ve wrked n this, yu may have t deal with the after-effects f a traumatic experience. It’s hard t frget, fr example, that smene held a gun t yur head r brke yur heart. Truly letting g means nt frgetting what happened but rather leading t live with it, because n ne can cmpletely frget their past and it’s n use aviding the unfrtunate past. But each day is a chance t start anew.
Elvira, an actress, was disturbed by PTSD, a mental disrder. Medicatin didn’t help. She gt cunseling frm sme gd peple and did her wn wrk, but she wuld still wake up in a state f anxiety every mrning. When we started wrking tgether, I asked her t imagine, as ften as she culd, that the discmfrt she was feeling was the negativity leaving her bdy. Whenever a negative thught entered her mind, she wuld repeat this visualizatin exercise and wuld sn begin t feel kay again.
Learning t let g f things that bther yu frees yu frm the feeling that yu dn’t deserve gd things cming yur way. It takes effrt, but it’s wrthwhile.
4. What advice did Nrman Lear share with yunger peple?
A. Being prfessinal in multiple fields.B. Being enthusiastic abut ne’s career.
C. Having an ptimistic attitude t bad things.D. Shwing great lve and caring fr the yung.
5. What message is cnveyed in Paragraph 3?
A. Annying dreams share certain similarities.B. Strategies fr letting g vary between individuals.
C. It’s necessary fr us t let g f negative thughts.D. It’s nrmal fr us t receive psychlgical treatments.
6. What may the authr encurage thse bthered by traumatic experiences t d?
A. Mve frward with bad memries.B. Avid things related t past traumas
C. Try hard t frget unpleasant experiences.D. Mark the bundary between the present and the past.
7. What des the authr mainly want t shw by the example f Elvira?
A. An effective technique fr battling against anxiety.
B. The way hw mental disrders affect peple’s life.
C. The prcess f treating mental disrders is painful.
D. Actresses are mre likely t suffer mental disrders.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了一个由“学会放下困扰你的事情”的建议而引发的作者的讨论。但放手的策略因人而异，因此作者认为“放下”的真正含义是不逃避过去，带着它继续前行，同时作者举例了一个女演员的使用的有效对抗焦虑的方法“想象练习”。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容“Withut missing a beat, Lear said, ‘Learn t let things that bther yu g.’(李尔毫不犹豫地说：“学会让那些困扰你的事情过去。”)”可知，他的建议是对困扰自己的事情要释怀，即，对坏事持乐观态度。故选C项。
【5题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第三段关键句内容“There is n ne slutin that wrks fr everyne, because we’re all different. Psychtherapy may help sme peple wh hld n t negative thughts, while thers dn’t respnd t such treatments.(没有一种解决方案适用于所有人，因为我们都是不同的。心理治疗可能会帮助一些坚持消极想法的人，而另一些人则对这种治疗没有反应。)”可知，没有一种解决方案适合所有人，不同的人会有不同的反应。由此可知，该段主要表达的是“放手的策略因人而异”。故选B项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容“Truly letting g means nt frgetting what happened but rather leading t live with it, because n ne can cmpletely frget their past and it’s n use aviding the unfrtunate past.(真正的放手意味着不忘记发生的事情，而是带着它生活，因为没有人能完全忘记他们的过去，逃避不幸的过去是没有用的。)”可知，作者鼓励带着过去不好的记忆继续生活，因为逃避或刻意遗忘是没有用的。故选A项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段末尾内容“Whenever a negative thught entered her mind, she wuld repeat this visualizatin exercise and wuld sn begin t feel kay again.(每当一个消极的想法进入她的脑海，她就会重复这个想象练习，很快就会感觉好起来。)”的总结可知，Elvira使用了作者教给她的“想象练习”方法处理“焦虑”和“消极”，达到了一定的效果。由此可推知，这里提出Elvira的案例是为了证明一个对抗焦虑的有效方法。故选A项。
C
Music is a part f every culture arund the wrld. In fact, the ability t appreciate music is built int ur brains. Music makes us feel gd. Many music studies lk at the lng-term benefits f being a music listener r participating in a music prgram as a child. But can listening t music help us cnnect and empathize (产生共鸣) with smene right at the mment? A new study aims t find it ut.
In this study, 60 university students were asked t watch several 15-secnd vides in which a persn describes an autbigraphical (自传体的) experience. In sme cases, peple in the vide talk abut a relatively rdinary event, like mving int a new apartment, while ther stries cntain strng emtinal cntent, like recalling a terrible accident r a lved ne’s death.
While students watched these vides, the researchers randmly played either “emtinally neutral (中立的)” music r very sad music in the backgrund. After watching each vide, the students expressed hw much sympathy they had fr the persn in the vide, and hw much they wanted t help that persn. They were als tested n their scial reasning skills—hw well they understd the persn’s thinking methd in the vide. All f these culd be signs f empathic cnnectin (同感沟通).
Results shwed that peple watching the sad vides felt mre sadness themselves and mre sympathy fr the ther persn than thse watching the neutral vides—nt a big surprise. But these empathic feelings were strengthened by listening t sad music. The music had n effect, hwever, n whether r nt the students culd reasn ut the ther persn’s experience and understand what they might be thinking r feeling.
While music is nt the nly way — ther art frms, like fictin and dancing, have als been shwn t increase empathy, fr example—music culd be a pwerful tl. “It’d be very interesting t extend ur finding further, t see if listening t music in a scial cntext can imprve ur real-wrld ability t empathize with and feel sympathy fr thers in the lng term,” says the lead researcher Brennan McDnald.
8. What des the new study want t find ut?
A. Whether music can benefit us.
B. Whether music can aruse genuine emtins.
C. Whether music can imprve the scial effect.
D. Whether music prgrams can increase ur cnfidence.
9. What were the participants required t d during the study?
A. T film a shrt autbigraphical vide.
B. T share ne f their miserable experiences.
C. T think up ways t help the persn in need.
D. T watch vides while listening t different backgrund music.
10. Which f the fllwing belngs t the pinin f the researchers?
A. We can increase ur sympathy by using sme music.
B. Music helps us understand thers’ thinking prcesses.
C. Mst adults are much mre emtinal than children.
D. Music can influence us bth emtinally and intellectually.
11. What will the researcher Brennan prbably d next?
A. Study different types f music.
B. Test the lng-term effect f music n peple.
C. Find mre ways t make peple mre caring.
D. Cmpare the effect f music with that f ther art frms.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。音乐是全世界文化的一部分，那么听音乐能否帮助我们与此刻的某个人产生共情能力呢？一项新的研究试图去弄清楚这一点。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“But can listening t music help us cnnect and empathize with smene right at the mment? A new study aimed t find it ut.(但听音乐能帮助我们在当下与某人建立联系并产生共鸣吗?一项新的研究旨在找出答案)”可知新的研究是想弄清楚音乐是否能提升社会效应。故选C项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“While students watched these vides, the researchers randmly played either “emtinally neutral” music r very sad music in the backgrund(当学生们观看这些视频时，研究人员随机播放“情绪中性”的音乐或非常悲伤的背景音乐)”可知，参与者在研究过程中被要求边听不同的背景音乐边看视频。故选D项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“While music is nt the nly way — ther art frms, like fictin and dancing, have als been shwn t increase empathy, fr example—music culd be a pwerful tl.(虽然音乐不是唯一的方式，其他艺术形式，如小说和舞蹈，也被证明可以增加同理心，但音乐可能是一个强大的工具)”可推知，我们可以使用某些音乐来增加我们的共情能力。故选A项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““It’d be very interesting t extend ur finding further, t see if listening t music in a scial cntext can imprve ur real-wrld ability t empathize with and feel sympathy fr thers in the lng term,” says the lead researcher Brennan McDnald.(首席研究员布伦南·麦克唐纳说：“进一步扩展我们的发现将非常有趣，看看在社交环境中听音乐是否能长期提高我们在现实世界中对他人产生共鸣和同情的能力。”)”可知，研究人员布伦南接下来可能会测试音乐对人的长期影响。故选B项。
D
Off suthern Califrnia seashres, the newcmers are starting t apprach and they desire the nice and cmfrtable waters nearer t shre, which mean many beachgers wh at the mment are enjying themselves have by n means seen the white sharks earlier. “When the little guys begin t pp up, everybdy hurries t determine what is happening,” stated Duglas J. MeCauley, a marine science prfessr.
A brand-new missin applying artificial intelligence (AI) referred t as SharkEye might help maintain bservatins f thse fearsme fish at the beach and help ur cmmunity share the cean mre safely with sharks. It was develped by Dr. MeCauley’s lab, using a small drne (无人机)—an unccupied air vehicle equipped with a vide camera. It nce wrked well in San Dieg State Cllege where scientists used it t study shark migratins.
SharkEye has been carrying ut examinatins ver the past tw summers at Padar Beach in Santa Barbara Cunty. It is a well-liked space fr surf camps, which additinally turns ut t be a nursery fr yung white sharks, featuring cmfrtable waters and adequate diet. Yung sharks are usually sighted between April and Octber; hwever, htspt lcatins and numbers can vary year by year. Adult sharks tend t spend mre time ffshre, but they can be sighed clser t the cast in the late fall thrugh t February.
With SharkEye, a pilt launches a drne that travels alng a preprgrammed path in the sky. It stays abut 120 feet high, permitting it t rapidly scan a big space f the cean. Meanwhile, it can be sufficient t keep away frm bthering marine life. Researchers in the SharkEye prgram cmbine the visual data cllected by the drne with relevant infrmatin n the temperature f the cean and migratry patterns in rder t create predictins abut the likelihd f great whites shwing up n a certain day, near a certain sectin f the beach.
Chris Keet, an area surf retailer, wh prvides summer seasn camps and persnal classes at Padar Beach, is nw changing his enterprise(企业经营) based mstly n the SharkEye infrmatin. After SharkEye recrded 9 sightings f sharks in July, Mr. Keet determined t cancel a tw-decade-ld summer seasn custm—campers dive and swim ut.
12. What des the underlined wrd “newcmers” in Paragraph 1 refer t?
A. Drnes.B. Swimmers.C. Sharks.D. Prfessrs.
13. What is the new task fr SharkEye?
A. Observing shark migratins.B. Guaranteeing beachgers’ safety.
C. Preserving endangered marine life.D. Explring ptential cean resurces.
14. What can be learned abut Padar Beach?
A. It features an abundant supply f energy.B. It can almst be called a shelter fr sharks.
C. It is a surf camp knwn fr its friendly sharks.D. It ffers evidence f harmny between humans and sharks
15. What is prbably the best title fr the text?
A. Drnes mnitr sharks’ arrival.B. The prs and cns f SharkEye.
C. Businessmen turn technlgy int prfits.D. The applicatin f AI technlgy t marine life.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了由于“鲨鱼入侵海岸”，一项新的人工智能“鲨鱼眼”被引入使用。该程序使用无人机对海岸进行监视，观察靠近海岸的危险鱼类，以使人们能够与鲨鱼和平共享海滩。
【12题详解】
词义猜测题。根据前后语境分析可知，后文的主语“they”指代画线词“newcmers”，根据前文“Off suthern Califrnia seashres(在南加州海岸附近)”以及后文“they desire the nice and cmfrtable waters nearer t shre(它们渴望靠近海岸的美丽而舒适的水域)”可推知，之前的位置是在海岸附近，想要靠近近海水域，由此可推知，“newcmers”应是来自海洋的生物，同时结合后文中“the white sharks(大白鲨)”用定冠词“the”表达特指可推知，“newcmers”指的是“鲨鱼”。故选C项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“A brand-new missin applying artificial intelligence (AI) referred t as SharkEye might help maintain bservatins f thse fearsme fish at the beach and help ur cmmunity share the cean mre safely with sharks.(一项名为“鲨鱼眼”的应用人工智能的新任务可能有助于保持对海滩上那些可怕鱼类的观察，并帮助我们的社区更安全地与鲨鱼共享海洋。)”可知，“鲨鱼眼”的新任务是帮助观察海滩上的可怕鱼类，以帮助人们更安全地“享受海滩”。故选B项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容“It is a well-liked space fr surf camps, which additinally turns ut t be a nursery fr yung white sharks, featuring cmfrtable waters and adequate diet. Yung sharks are usually sighted between April and Octber; hwever, htspt lcatins and numbers can vary year by year. Adult sharks tend t spend mre time ffshre, but they can be sighed clser t the cast in the late fall thrugh t February.(这是一个很受欢迎的冲浪营地，也是小白鲨的托儿所，拥有舒适的水域和充足的食物。幼鲨通常在4月到10月之间出现；然而，热点的位置和数量每年都在变化。成年鲨鱼倾向于在近海度过更多的时间，但它们可以在深秋到2月期间更靠近海岸。)”可知，这里拥有舒适的水域和充足的食物，是小白鲨的托儿所，而成年鲨会在深秋到次年2月份靠近海岸，由此可推知，这里可以说是鲨鱼的“家”或“庇护所”。故选B项。
15题详解】
主旨大意题。通过阅读文章内容可知，文章的第二段内容“A brand-new missin applying artificial intelligence (AI) referred t as SharkEye might help maintain bservatins f thse fearsme fish at the beach and help ur cmmunity share the cean mre safely with sharks. It was develped by Dr. MeCauley’s lab, using a small drne—an unccupied air vehicle equipped with a vide camera.(一项名为“鲨鱼眼”的应用人工智能的新任务可能有助于保持对海滩上那些可怕鱼类的观察，并帮助我们的社区更安全地与鲨鱼共享海洋。它是由麦考利博士的实验室开发的，使用的是一架小型无人机——一种配备了摄像机的无人驾驶飞行器。)”提出了文章的核心话题，即，文章主要讲述了人工智能“鲨鱼眼”使用无人机保持对海滩上那些可怕鱼类的观察，帮助人类与鲨鱼共享海洋。选项A“Drnes mnitr sharks’ arrival.(无人机监视鲨鱼的到来。)”贴合文章主旨，可作最佳标题。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Chemists have spent the past century trying t make plastics break dwn in seawater. Mst plastics take centuries t fully break dwn in the cean. ___16___ Hwever, this may change. Scientists have designed a new kind f plastic that can break dwn in seawater within weeks, nt decades r mre.
___17___ It is knwn as plylactide (聚乳酸) r PLA. It’s made by linking many building blcks int a lng string. Scientists had hped PLA wuld quickly break dwn in the envirnment. And in sme places it des, but nt in seawater. After three years in the cean, LA remains largely unchanged.
Tim Rhein Berger is a PhD student at the University f Twente in the Netherlands. ___18___ Fr part f that wrk, he became part f a team that just added sme bilgy-inspired breaking pints t PLA. They put thse breaking pints t places where mnmers (单体) in the PLA mlecules are linked. Then, they saked (浸泡) their samples in artificial seawater. In this way, they measured hw fast the PLA brke dwn. As the team had hped, seawater attacked the weakened links between mnmers. That culd tear the PLA chain apart. ___19___
When the researchers weakened 15% f PLA’s mnmer links, the PLA brke dwn entirely within just tw weeks. When they weakened nly 3% f the links, the breakdwn tk abut tw years. ___20___ This can be achieved by adjusting hw many weakened links it has.
A. Plastics are useful.
B. Scientists created the nw-ppular plastic in the1930s.
C. S researchers have much cnfidence in their effrts.
D. That’s why plastics make up 80% f cean trash.
E. His wrk has fcused n speeding PLA’s breakdwn.
F. This means the team can design hw quickly PLA breaks dwn in seawater.
G. The mre breaking pints researchers added, the faster the PLA brke dwn.
【答案】16. D 17. B 18. E 19. G 20. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家们设计了一种新型塑料，可以在海洋中迅速分解。
【16题详解】
根据前文“Mst plastics take centuries t fully break dwn in the cean.(大多数塑料需要几个世纪才能在海洋中完全分解。)”可知，塑料在海洋中难以分解，会导致海洋垃圾中塑料占比很高，与D项“That’s why plastics make up 80% f cean trash.(这就是为什么塑料占海洋垃圾的80%。)”上下文一致，故选D项。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Scientists have designed a new kind f plastic that can break dwn in seawater within weeks, nt decades r mre.(科学家们设计了一种新型塑料，可以在几周内在海水中分解，而不是几十年或更长时间。)”可知，新型塑料容易分解，结合下文“Scientists had hped PLA wuld quickly break dwn in the envirnment. And in sme places it des, but nt in seawater.(科学家们曾希望PLA能够迅速在环境中分解。在某些地方确实如此，但在海水中并非如此。)”可知，本段中的PLA不是新型塑料，是现在流行的塑料，结合“It is knwn as plylactide(聚乳酸)r PLA.(它被称为聚乳酸或PLA)”可知本段主要内容是现在流行的塑料的介绍，与B项“Scientists created the nw-ppular plastic in the1930s.(科学家在1930年代创造了现在流行的塑料。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选B项。
【18题详解】
根据上文“Tim Rhein Berger is a PhD student at the University f Twente in the Netherlands.(Tim Rhein Berger是荷兰特温特大学的博士生。)”可知，本段内容与Tim Rhein Berger有关，结合下文“Fr part f that wrk, he became part f a team that just added sme bilgy-inspired breaking pints t PLA.(在这项工作的一部分中，他成为一个团队的一员，该团队只是为PLA增加了一些生物学启发的突破点。)”可知，空处应为他的工作，与E项“His wrk has fcused n speeding PLA’s breakdwn.(他的工作重点是加速PLA的崩溃。)”上下文一致，His wrk与Fr part f that wrk前后呼应，故选E项。
【19题详解】
根据上文“Fr part f that wrk, he became part f a team that just added sme bilgy-inspired breaking pints t PLA.(在这项工作的一部分中，他成为一个团队的一员，该团队只是为PLA增加了一些生物学启发的突破点。)”与“In this way, they measured hw fast the PLA brke dwn. As the team had hped, seawater attacked the weakened links between mnmers. That culd tear the PLA chain apart.(通过这种方式，他们测量了PLA分解的速度。正如研究小组所希望的那样，海水攻击了单体之间减弱的联系。这可能会撕裂PLA的链条。)”可知，主要讲述了该团队在分解PLA方面的增加了突破点，突破点与PLA分解之间的关系，与G项“The mre breaking pints researchers added, the faster the PLA brke dwn.(研究人员添加的突破点越多，PLA的崩溃速度就越快。)”上下文一致，breaking pints为同词复现，符合文意，故选G项。
【20题详解】
根据上文“When the researchers weakened 15% f PLA’s mnmer links, the PLA brke dwn entirely within just tw weeks. When they weakened nly 3% f the links, the breakdwn tk abut tw years. (当研究人员削弱了PLA单体连接的15%时，PLA在短短两周内完全崩溃。当他们只削弱了3%的链接时，崩溃花了大约两年的时间。)”可知，研究团队可以控制PLA的分解速度了，与F项“This means the team can design hw quickly PLA breaks dwn in seawater.(这意味着团队可以设计PLA在海水中分解的速度。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选F项。
第三部分：语言知识运用(满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Dgs are ur friends. Taking yur dg t wrk with yu can be great fr ___21___. That was what Steyaert, wh sells wmen’s clthing in an utdr market learned after ___22___ her dg Nelsn there. At first, she did s just t prevent him frm being ___23___ during the day. She put a blanket in frnt f her stand s that Nelsn culd sit there ___24___and take in everything arund him.
Sn Steyaert realized that Nelsn’s presence wuld ___25___ shppers walking by. “He lifts his paw t greet peple,” Steyaert said. “He knws hw t steal their ___26___. And peple’s behaviur made me ___27___. I never thught passers-by wuld pet a stranger’s dg s ften.”
The ___28___ Nelsn gets frm strangers passing by varies frm simply turning their heads t shwing great lve. Many peple have ___29___ him ver the years. Steyaert, in turn, has gained mre ___30___ within her cmmunity. “It happens ften that peple ___31___ me thrugh Nelsn,” Steyaert said.
Besides interesting many shppers, Nelsn has als ___32___ sme peple. Fr example, ne day a girl passing by asked Steyaert if she culd pet Nelsn. She tld Steyaert that her dg had just passed away and that it was ___33___ t see and pet Nelsn. That encuraged Steyaert t ___34___ her influential act f taking Nelsn t her wrkplace.
While Nelsn’s presence in the market cntributes t Steyaert’s sales, it’s their ___35___ that benefits much mre frm it. “He’s my best friend and always at my side,” Steyaert said.
21. A. healthB. businessC. educatinD. exercise
22 A. trainingB. lsingC. bringingD. buying
23. A. alneB. dirtyC. lazyD. implite
24. A. quietlyB. cmfrtablyC. curiuslyD. freely
25. A. terrifyB. attractC. rescueD. anny
26. A. heartsB. custmersC. seatsD. dreams
27. A. anxiusB. disappintedC. hpelessD. surprised
28. A. skillB. encuragementC. attentinD. knwledge
29. A. befriendedB. chsenC. frgttenD. raised
30. A. incmeB. pwerC. trustD. fame
31. A. guideB. recgnizeC. cntactD. praise
32. A. healedB. fllwedC. partneredD. admired
33. A. interestingB. difficultC. heartwarmingD. discuraging
34. A. changeB. cntinueC. recnsiderD. recrd
35. A. influenceB. impressinC. cmpetitinD. relatinship
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。几年来，在露天市场卖女装的斯泰耶特都带着她的狗狗纳尔逊去上班，纳尔逊吸引了很多路人的注意，给斯泰耶特带来了很多生意，也跟很多人成为了朋友，甚至治愈了他们，更重要的是，这让斯泰耶特和纳尔逊的关系受益良多。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：带着你的狗去上班会对你的生意很有好处。A. health健康；B. business生意；C. educatin教育；D. exercise锻炼。根据后文“wh sells wmen’s clthing in an utdr market(在露天市场卖女装)”可知，此处是指带狗上班对生意会很有好处。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是在露天市场卖女装的斯泰耶特带着她的狗纳尔逊去那里后学到的。A. training训练；B. lsing失去；C. bringing带来；D. buying购买。根据前文“Taking yur dg t wrk with yu”可知，此处是指带着狗去市场之后。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：起初，她这样做只是为了防止他在白天孤单。A. alne孤独的；B. dirty脏的；C. lazy懒惰的；D. implite不礼貌的。根据“during the day”和“prevent him frm being”可知，此处是指防止他在白天孤单。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她在她的摊位前放了一条毯子，这样纳尔逊就可以舒服地坐在那里，欣赏周围的一切。A. quietly安静地；B. cmfrtably舒适地；C. curiusly好奇地；D. freely自由地。根据“She put a blanket in frnt f her stand”可知，此处是指纳尔逊可以舒服地坐在那里。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，斯泰耶特意识到纳尔逊的出现会吸引路过的顾客。A. terrify惊吓；B. attract吸引；C. rescue拯救；D. anny使恼怒。根据后文“I never thught passers-by wuld pet a stranger’s dg s ften.(我从没想到过路人会如此频繁地抚摸陌生人的狗。)”可知，此处是指纳尔逊的出现会吸引路过的顾客。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他知道如何偷走他们的心。A. hearts心；B. custmers顾客；C. seats座位；D. dreams梦想。根据后文“I never thught passers-by wuld pet a stranger’s dg s ften.(我从没想到过路人会如此频繁地抚摸陌生人的狗。)”可知，此处是指偷走他们的心。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人们的行为让我很惊讶。A. anxius焦虑的；B. disappinted失望的；C. hpeless绝望的；D. surprised惊讶的。根据后文“I never thught passers-by wuld pet a stranger’s dg s ften.(我从没想到过路人会如此频繁地抚摸陌生人的狗。)”可知，此处是指斯泰耶特感到惊讶。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：路过的陌生人对纳尔逊的关注度各不相同，有的只是转过头来，有的则表现出很多的爱。A. skill技巧；B. encuragement鼓励；C. attentin吸引力；D. knwledge知识。根据“frm simply turning their heads t shwing great lve”可知，此处是指路过的陌生人对纳尔逊的关注度各不相同。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些年来，许多人都和他成为朋友。A. befriended成为……的朋友；B. chsen关闭；C. frgtten忘记；D. raised抚养。根据前文“frm simply turning their heads t shwing great lve”可知，此处是指许多人都和他成为朋友。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：反过来，斯泰耶特在她的社区里获得了更多的名气。A. incme收入；B. pwer力量；C. trust信任；D. fame名气。根据“within her cmmunity”可知，此处是指斯泰耶特在她的社区里获得了更多的名气。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“人们经常通过纳尔逊认出我。”斯泰耶特说。A. guide指导；B. recgnize认出；C. cntact联络；D. praise表扬。根据“thrugh Nelsn”可知，此处是指通过狗狗纳尔逊认出主人斯泰耶特。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了吸引了许多购物者，纳尔逊还治愈了一些人。A. healed治愈；B. fllwed跟随；C. partnered成为搭档；D. admired钦佩。根据后文“She tld Steyaert that her dg had just passed away(她告诉斯泰耶特她的狗刚刚去世了)”可知，此处是指纳尔逊治愈了一些人。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她告诉斯泰耶特，她的狗刚刚去世，看到并抚摸纳尔逊是一件很温暖的事。A. interesting有趣的；B. difficult困难的；C. heartwarming暖心的；D. discuraging令人沮丧的。根据“t see and pet Nelsn”可知，此处是指看到并抚摸纳尔逊是一件很温暖的事。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这鼓励斯泰耶特继续她的有影响力的行为，把纳尔逊带到她的工作场所。A. change改变；B. cntinue继续；C. recnsider重新考虑；D. recrd记录。根据“That encuraged Steyaert”可知，此处是指继续她的有影响力的行为。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然纳尔逊在市场上的存在有助于斯泰耶特的销售，但他们的关系从中受益更多。A. influence影响；B. impressin印象；C. cmpetitin比赛；D. relatinship关系。根据后文“He’s my best friend and always at my side(他是我最好的朋友，总是在我身边)”可知，此处是指他们的关系从中受益更多。故选D。
第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)
第四部分 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Mga Grttes cntain 735 caves full f Buddhist art. Mre than I millin visitrs ___36___ (attract)t Dunhuang every year. Amng the many beautiful wrks f art in these caves, the numerus paintings n the walls f the caves have inspired the ___37___ (imagine)f peple arund the wrld. ___38___ (realize)their fascinatin(魅力), a grup f yung artists have recently made effrts t tum these large paintings int prtable(便携式的)wrks f art.
Qin Yueyu has recently made a name ___39___ herself after she psted her graduatin wrk n Chinese scial media. The wrk ___40___ (faithful)recreates a well-knwn classic Tang Dynasty fresc (壁画)The Samanta Bhadra Stry in Dunhuang. “ ___41___ (traditin)fresces are fixed n cave walls, but we used the knwledge frm ur majr ___42___ (turn)the fresc int a prtable wrk f art. I plan t cntinue dwn this path,” Qin said. Peple like Qin feel ___43___ imprtant t prtect ancient culture.
The Mga Grttes are the heart f ___44___ is knwn as Dunhuang studies. Data frm the Dunhuang Academy shws that the number f turists t the grttes ___45___ (increase) greatly ver the past several years. And the majrity f the visitrs are yung peple.
【答案】36. are attracted
37. imaginatin
38. Realizing
39. fr 40. faithfully
41. Traditinal
42. t turn
43. it 44. what
45. has increased
【解析】
【导语】本文为说明文，主要讲述了保护敦煌文化的重要性。
【36题详解】
考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：每年有100多万游客被吸引到敦煌。结合句意和every year可知，句子用一般现在时，主语为Mre than 1 millin visitrs， 谓语动词用复数形式，且与attract之间是被动关系，故填are attracted。
【37题详解】
考查不可数名词。句意：在这些洞穴中许多美丽的艺术品中，洞穴壁上的众多绘画激发了世界各地人们的想象力。结合句意和the可知，此处用名词形式，表示“想象”，为不可数名词，故填imaginatin。
【38题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：意识到自己的魅力，一群年轻艺术家最近努力将这些大型面作变成可携带的艺术品。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，a grup f yung artists与realize之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，且首字母大写，故填Realizing。
【39题详解】
考查介词。句意：秦跃宇最近在中国社交媒体上发布毕业作品后，名声大噪。fr表示“为了”符合句意，故填fr。
【40题详解】
考查副词。句意：这幅作品忠实地再现了著名的唐代壁画《敦煌普贤记》。此处用副词作状语修饰动词recreates，故填faithfully。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意：传统壁画固定在洞壁上，但我们利用专业知识将壁画变成了一件便携式艺术品。此处用形容词作定语修饰名词fresces，且首字母大写，故填Traditinal。
【42题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：传统壁画固定在洞壁上，但我们利用专业知识将壁画变成了一件便携式艺术品。此处用动词不定式表目的，故填t turn。
【43题详解】
考查形式宾语。句意：像秦这样的人觉得保护古代文化很重要。此处用it作形式宾语，动词不定式t prtect ancient culture作真正的宾语，故填it。
【44题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：莫高窟是敦煌研究的中心。此处是介词f后的的宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“敦煌研究”，指物作主语用what。故填what。
【45题详解】
考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：敦煌研究院的数据显示，过去几年来，前往石窟的游客数量大幅增加。时间状语为ver the past several years，句子用现在完成时，主语为the number f turists，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填has increased。
第五部分 作文(共两小节，满分40分)
第一节 写作(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你校将邀请当地公安机关专业人员给学生进行一场关于网络安全教育的讲座。请你邀请好友Ted一起参加，内容包括：
1. 讲座时间和地点；2. 讲座的主要内容；3. 你的期待。
注意：1词数80左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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【答案】Dear Ted,
I am greatly hnred t frmally invite yu t participate in the lecture n netwrk security, which will be rganized in the schl hall frm 8:30 a.m. t 11:00 a.m. n Nvember 8th. It is mainly aimed at imprving the awareness f Internet security f teachers and students in ur schl.
The lecture will be made by a netwrk security expert frm City Plice Statin, wh will shw us sme cases in Internet scam. In additin, we will be taught sme useful ways t prtect us and ur prperty. What’s mre, we can als cnsult ur prblems abut Internet security.
Undubtedly, the lecture is a valuable pprtunity fr us. If yu d nt have any prir appintment n Nvember 8th, we lk frward t the pleasure f yur cming.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给好友Ted写封信，邀请他参加学校将邀请当地公安机关专业人员给学生进行的一场关于网络安全教育的讲座。
【详解】1.词汇积累
荣幸的：hnred→privileged
参加：participate in→take part in
主要的：mainly→chiefly
宝贵的：valuable→precius
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Undubtedly, the lecture is a valuable pprtunity fr us.
拓展句：There is n dubt that the lecture is a valuable pprtunity fr us.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I am greatly hnred t frmally invite yu t participate in the lecture n netwrk security, which will be rganized in the schl hall frm 8:30 a.m. t 11:00 a.m. n Nvember 8th. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] It is mainly aimed at imprving the awareness f Internet security f teachers and students in ur schl. (运用了动名词作宾语)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Fr years, I psted pictures f my grandsn, cute animals and delicius dishes, and vide clips f peple’s funy behaviur and the like n Facebk. Mrever, I played a farm game r tw n this ppular scial media site. I thught Facebk was fr fun, but I never expected a pst I saw n Facebk culd have a significant impact n my life.
On Nvember 12th, 2010, I was n my way t a cnference by plane. Suddenly, I suffered a heart attack. Luckily, there were three dctrs n bard. In less than a minute, I was given first aid. I survived, but mnths later, I was still trying t cme t terms with what had happened. S I began t recrd hw I survived this incident as well as my ideas abut life n Facebk daily, and started t care abut Facebk psts that had nthing t d with fun.
One mrning n March, 2011, I lked thrugh my Facebk feed and saw a friend’s pst. She wrte, “Let g f anything unrealistic and all activities that d nt mirrr yur brightest intentins fr yurself.” The wrds tuched me greatly. That night, I cpied them nt a clean piece f paper and taped it t my laptp.
Actually, I was crazy abut farm games then. I, alng with many f my friends, played FarmVille. But ne little farm game was nt enugh fr me. I thught I needed mre farms, mre crps, and mre livestck. All were in virtual frm,f curse. I had five different farms in five different games. And I spent hurs n my farms every day. While attending t my virtual farms ne day I lked ut f the windw and nticed the empty land in ur backyard.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150 左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Then I lked at the wrds n the piece f paper taped t my laptp, lst in thught.
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Farming the real land was nly the beginning, and I started t d mre t enrich my real life.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One pssible versin:
Then I lked at the wrds n the piece f paper taped t my laptp, lst in thught. I realized a funny fact. I planted and harvested virtual crps fr hurs every day while leaving the real land utside the windw untuched. This was neither a meaningful life nr an activity that mirrred my highest intentins. Hw culd I base my happiness n unreal gals? Inspired, I decided t stp playing farm games and fcus n real life. T begin with, I farmed the land in ur backyard actively.
Farming the real land was nly the beginning, and I started t d mre t enrich my real life. I walked my dg in the park, spent mre time with my family, climbed muntains with my friends and attend varius classes. These were activities that allwed me t make better use f my spare time and develp psitive attitude. The sentence I had cpied frm that Facebk pst became a mirrr I used t examine hw I shuld spend my time and energy, enabling me t live a healthier and richer life.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者从沉迷于虚拟世界逐步转向专注现实生活的过程，并在参与很多现实生活的活动中，收获了很多。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“然后我看着贴在笔记本电脑上的那张纸上的字，陷入了沉思。”可知，第一段可描写作者沉思的内容和受到的启发。
②由第二段首句内容“在真正的土地上耕种只是一个开始，我开始做更多的事情来丰富我的现实生活。”可知，第二段可描写作者在现实生活中所做的一些事情。
2.续写线索：反思自己——虚拟世界——受到启发——专注现实——各种活动——收获感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①意识到： realize/be aware f/be cnscius f
②收获：harvest/reap
③决定做某事：decide t d sth/be determined t d sth
情绪类
①受到鼓舞的：inspired/encuraged
②积极：psitive attitude/act psitively
【点睛】【高分句型1】This was neither a meaningful life nr an activity that mirrred my highest intentins.(运用了that引导的定语从句)
【高分句型2】These were activities that allwed me t make better use f my spare time and develp psitive attitude.(运用了that引导的定语从句)