【期中真题】江苏省南京市2021-2022学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题.zip

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南京市2021-2022学年度第一学期期中调研测试
高二英语
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What time is it now?
A.11:20.
B.12:00.
C.12:40.
2.Why is Mary absent?
A.She forgot to come.
B.She changed her decision.
C.She wasn't invited.
3.What is the weather like now?
A.Rainy.
B.Windy.
C.Sunny.
4.What will the speakers probably do?
A.Stay at home.
B.See a doctor.
C.Visit the museum.
5.Where will the speakers go first?
A.To a cinema.
B.To a gallery.
C.To a bakery.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.When will the man leave China?
A.In two weeks.
B. In one month.
C.Next year.
7.Why is the man unable to decide when to come back to China?
A.He wants to work in America.
B. He hasn't found a job in China.
C.He needs to accompany his mom.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What's the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A.Editor and reader.
B.Teacher and student.
C.Professor and assistant.
9.What is Andy going to do after the class?
A.Have a meeting.
B.Write a poem.
C.Design a poster.
10.Which subject does the woman most probably teach?
A.Poem Reading.
B.Creative Writing.
C.Oral English.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11.How did the man go to the restaurant last night?
A.By bike.
B.By car.
C.By underground.
12.What did the man and his colleagues have for supper?
A.Japanese food. B.Italian food. C.Mexican food.
13.What did the man think of the restaurant?
AExpensive.
B.Fancy.
C.Crowded.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14.Where does this conversation probably take place?
A.At the airport.
B.On the street.
C.In the countryside.
15.Why does the woman like Sydney?
A.It has less pollution.
B.It has more good music.
C. It has friendlier people.
16. How does the woman like the man's English?
A.Fluent.
B.Acceptable.
C.Ordinary.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17.What does the text focus on?
A.A female composer.
B.Some high technologies.
C.A song-writing robot.
18.Who created Aiva?
A.A group of programmers.
B.The most advanced robot.
C.Some world-famous musicians.
19.What is Aiva expected to do?
A.Help with housework.
B.Sing some classical songs.
C.Compose different types of music.
20.What will Aiva do in the future?
A.Compete with musicians.
B.Cooperate with musicians.
C.Take control of musicians.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Bien-dire Initial, Tuttolialiano and Puntoy Coma, separately from France, Spain and Italy, are published six times a year. They are fill of lively and original articles and in-depth interviews in French, Spanish or Italian to give you the inside track on French, Spanish of Italian culture. Key words and phrases are explained in English on the facing page. The articles, in turn, are narrated on the accompanying 60-minute audio CD to enable you to improve your listening comprehension and understand French, Spanish or Italian. In addition, every feature is graded for difficulty so that you can assess your progress with each issue.
For French speakers, Bien-dire Initial will take you from a beginner to an intermediate level and is published on alternate months so that they can be taken together to form a truly comprehensive French learning programme.
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·Improve your vocabulary and listening comprehension
·Improve your knowledge of French, Spanish or Italian culture
·Take advantage of on-going, portable and flexible learning
·Acquire lively, relevant and up-to-date authentic content
Subscribe Today to either Bien-dire Initial, Tuttoltaliano or Puntoy Coma for a year for just £89(normal price £99) and you will receive an extra issue, worth over £16 For Free, and a Free electronic dictionary bookmark worth £24.99-a combined saving of £51!
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1. What is special about Bien-dire Initial, Tuttoltaliano and Puntoy Coma?
A. They come out every month. B. They include one-hour audio CDs.
C. They have English editions. D. They feature some writing skills.
2. How much should you pay if you subscribe to Puntoy Coma for a year today?
A. £51. B. £73. C. £89. D. £105.
3. What is the purpose of the text?
A. To advertise some magazines. B. To introduce some learning methods.
C. To explain some cultural differences. D. To recommend some language agencies.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了《Bien-dire Initial》《Tuttolialiano》和《Puntoy Coma》这三本杂志的一些特色以及优惠活动信息。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“The articles, in turn, are narrated on the accompanying 60-minute audio CD to enable you to improve your listening comprehension and understand French, Spanish or Italian.(此外，文章还附有60分钟的音频CD，帮助您提高听力和法语、西班牙语或意大利语的理解能力)”可知，《Bien-dire Initial》《Tuttolialiano》和《Puntoy Coma》的特别之处是他们包括一小时的音频CD。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Key Benefits部分中“Subscribe Today to either Bien-dire Initial, Tuttoltaliano or Puntoy Coma for a year for just £89(normal price £99) and you will receive an extra issue, worth over £16 For Free, and a Free electronic dictionary bookmark worth £24.99-a combined saving of £51! (今天订阅《Bien-dire Initial》《Tuttolialiano》或者《Puntoy Coma》一年只需89英镑（正常价格99英镑），你将免费获得价值超过16英镑的额外一期，以及价值24.99英镑的免费电子词典书签，总共节省51英镑)”可知，如果你今天订阅《Puntoy Coma》一年，你应该付89英镑。故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Bien-dire Initial, Tuttolialiano and Puntoy Coma, separately from France, Spain and Italy, are published six times a year. They are fill of lively and original articles and in-depth interviews in French, Spanish or Italian to give you the inside track on French, Spanish of Italian culture. (《Bien-dire Initial》《Tuttolialiano》和《Puntoy Coma》分别来自法国、西班牙和意大利，每年出版6次。它们充满了生动的原创文章和深度采访，法语、西班牙语或意大利语，让你了解法国、西班牙语和意大利文化的内幕)”结合文章主要介绍了《Bien-dire Initial》《Tuttolialiano》和《Puntoy Coma》这三本杂志的一些特色以及优惠活动信息。可推知，这篇文章的目的是为一些杂志做广告。故选A。
B

Those short metal fences by the side of the road don't look like much. But they do a big job: keep drivers safe.
People who design highways would always like to have a wide,flat,clear space on either side of the road. That way if a car goes off the road, it can stop safely.
But in some places, that is just not possible. In that case, they put up a guardrail. These short railings are designed to stop cars from running into something more dangerous,without damaging the car too much.
Jersey barriers are made of concrete.They are ofen placed down the center of a road to separate cars going into opposite directions.Jersey barriers are also used around construction zones. They are cheap to make and easy to move around.
A strong-post W-beam guardrail,with short,thick posts set together, is used where it's important to stop a car quickly to save lives,like being near a cliff. It gets its name from the fact that if it's cut in half, the rail looks like a sideways W.A weak-post W-beam guardrail has posts thinner and farther apart.And it will stop a car more slowly than a strong-post guardrail.The more gradually a car slows down, the less likely its riders will be hurt. A weak-post guardrail can be used where there is more space to slow a car down.
A three-beam guardrail has a piece of steel that ripples (呈波形） in three C-shapes.This type of guardrail is used on roads with a lot of truck traffic. The curves in the C-shapes absorb energy in a crash, and the rail is high off the ground to catch trucks.
4. What's the function of a guardrail?
A. To decorate the highways.
B. To limit the number of cars.
C. To soften the impact of a car crash.
D. To make roads wide, flat and clear.
5. What does the underlined word “that" in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Going off the road.
B. Keeping drivers safe.
C. Putting up a guardrail.
D. Having space for emergency.
6. On roads with frequent huge vehicles, which of the following is more suitable?
A. A Jersey barrier.
B. A three-beam guardrail.
C. A strong-post W-beam guardrail.
D. A weak-post W-beam guardrail.
7. According to the text,
A. energy can be saved with guardrails
B. drivers can go straight with guardrails
C. a W-beam guardrail is named by shape
D. concrete Jersey barriers are hard to move
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. B 7. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文，介绍了路边各种护栏的作用。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据原文第三段 “These short railings are designed to stop cars from running into something more dangerous without damaging the car too much. （这些短栏杆是为了防止汽车撞到更危险的东西而设计的，同时又不会对汽车造成太大的损坏。）” 所以可知是为了减轻对车子撞击之后的损伤。故选C项。
【5题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段原文 “People who design highways would always like to have a wide, flat, clear space on either side of the road! That way if a car goes off the road, it can stop safely.（设计高速公路的人总是希望在道路两旁有一个宽阔、平坦、干净的空间。这样，如果汽车驶离公路，它就可以安全停车。）” 可以知道这里的that代指为紧急情况预留空间，故选D项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。由最后一段 “A three-beam guardrail has a piece of steel that ripples (呈波形） in three C-shapes.This type of guardrail is used on roads with a lot of truck traffic.（一种三梁护栏有一块钢，有三个c形的波纹。这种类型的护栏用于卡车较多的道路。 ）”可知卡车较多的道路应该使用三梁护栏，故选B项。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据原文倒数第二段“A strong-post W-beam guardrail,with short,thick posts set together, is used where it's important to stop a car quickly to save lives,like being near a cliff. It gets its name from the fact that if it's cut in half, the rail looks like a sideways W.（坚固的W型梁护栏，由短而厚的柱子组合在一起，用于需要快速停车以拯救生命的地方，比如在悬崖附近。它的名字来源于一个事实，如果它被切成两半，轨道看起来像一个侧面的W。）” 可知，W型梁护栏名字的由来是因为它的形状。故选C项。
C

As a wildlife-conservation biologist studying climate change, I want to understand the evolving environment through the eyes of large animals. My work-usually in cold, remote places-involves finding animals, and ways to eat, sleep and be warm. I might suffer, but I get insights that others cannot into what animals are doing.
For about 15 years I've been interested in musk oxen (麝香牛). This picture was taken on Wrangel Island, off the northeast coast of Russia, when I was studying how musk oxen react to polar bears. Because polar ice is melting more polar bears are hunting on land, and they are known to have killed musk oxen. These herd animals typically don’t flee from enemies such as grizzly bears. They tend to form groups instead and male male oxen have killed grizzlies. Would they try to kill polar bears too?
To find out, I dressed as a polar bear, pulling a bear head on and placing a cloth over a range finder, camera and data books. I was cold and nervous. I didn't want to be killed by a charging musk ox-or by anything else. If some oxen charged and made an attack, I'd throw off my costume and stand up straight, as I'm doing here; so far, that had stopped them. I'd also encountered a female polar bear with new born babies, but she'd left me alone. This picture is from the end of a session, and I'd lived another day. Whew!
I learnt that musk oxen are more likely to flee from polar bears than from grizzlies. But during this trip to Russia, I was arrested-over a date error on my permits. In court, the only word I understood was 'CIA'. I was let go, but banned from returning for three years, so I'm now studying the huemul, an endangered species of deer that lives in the shadows of glaciers at the tip of South America. As glaciers melt, how will huemul populations respond?
8. How do musk oxen protect themselves from grizzly bears?
A. By fleeing to polar ice quickly.
B By getting together to fight back.
C. By charging at grizzlies one by one.
D. By drawing support from polar bears.
9. Why did the author dress as a polar bear?
A. To better understand musk oxen.
B. To familiarize himself with its habitat.
C. To better protect his camera equipment.
D. To keep warm in extreme natural conditions.
10. Why did the author have to stop his research in Russia?
A. He was banned for an illegal permit.
B. His research there was not approved.
C. Some wildlife biologists had accused him.
D. He would study the huemu in south America.
11. Which is the best title?
A. An Aivkward Biologist
B. The Changeable Climate
C. Would Musk Oxen Be Killed?
D. Who Wants To Be a Polar Bear?
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了作者为了解麝香牛所做出的的努力。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“They tend to form groups instead, and male musk oxen have killed grizzlies.(它们会聚集成群，雄性的麝香牛还会杀掉灰熊)”可知，麝香牛通过团结起来反击保护自己免受灰熊的攻击。故选B。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章地三段“To find out, I dressed as a polar bear(为了找到答案，我打扮成一只北极熊)”可知，作者把自己打扮成一只北极熊的目的是为了调查麝香牛对北极熊的反应。由此判断出，作者装扮成一只北极熊是为了更好地了解麝香牛。故选A。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“I was arrested — over a date error on my permits.(我被逮捕了——因为我的许可证上的日期错误)”可知，作者不得不停止在俄罗斯的研究是因为他由于不合法的许可证而被禁止（调查）。故选A项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“As a wildlife-conservation biologist studying climate change, I want to understand the evolving environment through the eyes of large animals.(作为一名研究气候变化的野生动物保护生物学家，我想通过大型动物的眼睛来了解环境的演变)”，第二段“They tend to form groups instead and male male oxen have killed grizzlies. Would they try to kill polar bears too? (它们倾向于形成群体，雄性公牛杀死了灰熊。它们也会杀北极熊吗？)”及第三段“To find out,I dressed as a polar bear,pulling a bear head on and placing a cloth over a range finder,camera and data books.(为了找到答案，我打扮成一只北极熊，穿上一个熊头，把一块布放在测距仪，相机和数据本上)”可知，短文叙述了作者为了解麝香牛所做出的的努力，比如穿成北极熊的样子。由此可知，短文的最佳标题为“谁想成为一只北极熊”。故选D项。
D
Some risk factors are reported to impact the severity of COVID-19.Among them was fatness or obesity.
In a healthy body, fat tissue(脂肪组织） serves as storage of energy in times of food shortage and it is also full of immune cells. In thin , healthy individuals, it produces anti-inflammatory(消炎的)and protective factors. If , however, the fat tissue becomes unhealthy, as often happens in people with obesity it can produce chemical signals that promote inflammation, raising the rise of some infectious diseases like COVID-19.a Researchers are studying the mechanisms by which this inflammation occurs.One assumption is that when fat cells become overloaded with nutrients,the intercellular stress can set off an “inflammatory cascade(级联反应）”“With obesity, people store a lot of nutrients in fat cells, but they also begin to release more than normal as they grow,"says Andrew Greenberg,director of an obesity laboratory.“These enter the blood and bind to immune cells in the liver and muscle. And this leads to the release of inflammatory factors.”
Poor diet can also play a role in increasing inflammation. It changes the composition of the intestinal microbiome(肠道菌群），probably producing toxins(毒素），and obesity allows the toxins to be released into the bloodstream.
While diet can be harmful and inflammatory, good nutrition does the opposite. Some nutrients, including omega-3 fatty acids, can work to diminish inflammation.One eating plan is the Mediterranean diet, which is thought to provide people with protective compounds.
Greenberg says more research is needed to determine whether supplements, including fish oil, and fiber, can work to treat inflammation and boost immunity associated with obesity. The most reliable approach, is weight loss. And a small amount can make a difference.“They don't have to be at their ideal body weight,” Greenberg says.“Even losing 5 to 10 percent of a person's weight helps improve their condition.”According to a 2017 study, a 20-minute session of walking can stimulate in anti-inflammatory response.
12. According to the text,fat tissue________.
A. is beneficial to obese people
B. protects people from getting too thin
C. is linked with people's immune system
D. makes people feel full without eating
13. What can give rise to an inflammatory cascade?
A. Fat cells.
B. Intercellular stress.
C. Poor diet.
D. Infectious diseases.
14. What does the underlined word “diminish" in paragraph 5 mean?
A. Cause.
B. Change.
C. Promote.
D. Reduce.
15. What's the last paragraph mainly about?
A. Firm determination to fight for ideal body.
B. High expectations of more research about nutrition.
C. Great importance of having a good weight management.
D. Practical ways to tackle inflammation related to obesity.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. D 15. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，短文主要介绍了肥胖会影响COVID-19的严重程度。脂肪组织变得不健康和不良的饮食习惯会加剧炎症，良好的营养和减肥可以治疗炎症和提高与肥胖相关的免疫力。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“In a healthy body, fat tissue serves as storage of energy in times of food shortage and it is also full of immune cells. In thin , healthy individuals, it produces anti-inflammatory and protective factors.（在一个健康的身体里，脂肪组织在食物短缺的时候作为能量的储存，它也充满了免疫细胞。在苗条健康的个体中，它产生抗炎和保护因子。） 。可知，健康的脂肪组织与人的免疫系统有关，故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“One assumption is that when fat cells become overloaded with nutrients,the intercellular stress can set off an “inflammatory cascade(级联反应）”（一种假设是，当脂肪细胞营养过剩时，细胞间的压力会引发“炎症级联”）.”可知，细胞内的压力会引发一个级联反应，故选B。
【14题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上一句“While diet can be harmful and inflammatory, good nutrition does the opposite.（虽然饮食可能是有害的且可能带来炎症，但良好的营养却能起到相反的作用。）”可知，好的营养会避免炎症，所以这里讲的应该是积极的正面的，因此，omega-3型脂肪酸能够减少炎症反应，所以diminish的意思是减少，故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段的“The most reliable approach, is weight loss. And a small amount can make a difference.“They don't have to be at their ideal body weight,” Greenberg says.“Even losing 5 to 10 percent of a person's weight helps improve their condition.”（最可靠的方法，就是减肥。少量的食物就能产生不同的效果。“他们不必达到理想的体重，”格林伯格说。“即使减掉一个人5%到10%的体重，也有助于改善他们的状况。）可知，本段主要讲的是解决与肥胖相关的炎症的实用方法。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Attention management is a valuable skill in the age of distraction (分神）。In fact,today, more than ever,our attention is very fragile.____16____ Finding focus in a distracted world is really hard.
Attention is how you are spending your time and life. The simple act of paying attention to the right things at the right time can change the course of your life.
____17____ It's how you make time for meaningful things in life. It's also how you get distracted and waste your time. To get the most out of life, we must learn to spend our attention effectively.
Spending attention is a choice. It's a choice that's getting you closer to what you want in life or leading you to the opposite path. Where you spend your attention is where you spend your life.
Like any other skills, develop your attention skill..____18____Start creating the conditions for uninterrupted work by noticing everything that distracts you. You can also start tracking your attention to get a better insight into how you are currently using your time. ____19____Take space from the things that usually fill your time, and begin your awareness. Make a list of the things that fill your time every day, and explore each one on a deeper level.
Attention, like time,is limited.____20____ Am I spending my time on things that add value to my life? Are my actions moving me toward or away from what matters most in my life? Managing your attention is managing your life.
A. We lose focus easily.
B. So keep asking yourself every day.
C. Attention is how you get things done.
D. Our attention is a precious resource.
E. We should make the most of the limited time.
F. Train your attention by practising demanding tasks often.
G. Then take a step back, and assess how you spend your attention.
【答案】16. A 17. C 18. F 19. G 20. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文，首先说明现在一个普遍问题—无法保持集中的注意力，文章分析了该现象的原因，介绍了提高注意力的好处和提高注意力的方法。
【16题详解】
文章第一段主要介绍了注意力的难得，根据空前“Attention management is a valuable skill in the age of distraction. In fact, today, more than ever, our attention is very fragile”注意力管理在分心时代是一项宝贵的技能，但今天我们的注意力比以往任何时候都更加脆弱。再根据空后“Finding focus in a distracted world is really hard.”在一个心烦意乱的世界里找到焦点真的很难，所以空白处应该承上启下，A项说我们很容易失去注意力。提到了注意力，故选A项。
【17题详解】
空白处为文章第三段第第一句，所以空白处应该概括总领这一段，第三段主要写这就是你如何为生活中有意义的事情腾出时间，这也是你分心和浪费时间的原因，为了充分利用生活，我们必须学会有效地利用注意力，主要写注意力的用处，C项说“注意力是你完成事情的方式”，表明了注意力的用处，故选C项。
【18题详解】
文章第五段主要介绍了培养注意力技能的方法，空前说“Like any other skills, develop your attention skill.”像其他技能一样，培养你的注意力技能。空前总领方法，空白处后面具体写方法如何提高注意力，而它的方法都是需要练习和时间的，F项说“经常练习要求很高的任务来训练你的注意力”，故选F项。
【19题详解】
文章第五段主要介绍培养注意力的方法，空前说“You can also start tracking your attention to get a better insight into how you are currently using your time. ”你也可以开始跟踪你的注意力，以便更好地了解你目前是如何利用时间的。空前所讲述的方法是开始跟踪你的注意力，空白处后面一段就是列一张清单，列出每天占用你们时间的事情，并在更深的层次上探索每一件事，所以空白处应该承上启下，G项“评估一下你是如何花费注意力的”，选项联系上下文，故选G项。
【20题详解】
由文章最后一段可知，空白处前面写“Attention, like time,is limited.”注意力和时间一样是有限的，空白处后面写了三个问句，而且都是以第一人称的，选项B说“每天都要问自己”，这是最适合后面的提问的。故选B项。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Jonathan Cain was upset. It was the early 1970s and the young musician had left his hometown of Chicago to find his big ____21____ in Los Angeles. He was ____22____ just to survive, and now his dog had been hit. He hated troubling his father ____23____ he didn't have the money to pay the vet. He ____24____ Chicago. “Dad, should I just ____25____ this thing and come home?”
“No, don't come home,” his father replied. “Don't stop believe in.”
Jonathan took his dad's ____26____ to heart, taking them down in his songwriting notebook. With the money his dad sent. Jonathan was able to ____27____ his dog. Later, his ____28____ began to change and he became keyboardist for a rock group.
In 1980.he joined Journey. When lead singer Steve Perry asked if he could ____29____ with two final songs for their new album, Jonathan looked through his _____30_____ notebooks. “Don't stop Believe in” _____31_____. With that as the chorus, Jonathan and his bandmates _____32_____ a song.
It reached No. 9 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles charts, and the words of a father to his _____33_____ son have gone on to _____34_____ lots of fans.
“Don't stop believe in, hold onto that feeling” has become a _____35_____ to us all.
21. A. share B. break C. sponsor D. benefit
22. A. withdrawing B. debating C. struggling D. competing
23. A. so B. and C. or D. but
24. A. called B. visited C. left D. chose
25. A. rely on B. give up C. get across D. wrestle with
26. A. words B. slogans C. warnings D. commitments
27. A. walk B. train C. raise D. save
28. A. luck B. habit C. belief D. concern
29. A. experiment B. begin C. comment D. help
30. A. diverse B. digital C. previous D. blank
31. A. jumped out B. shot up C. sprang up D. died out
32. A. named B. updated C. composed D. advertised
33. A. promising B. critical C. excellent D. depressed
34. A. persuade B. inspire C. amuse D. reward
35. A. lesson B. remark C. motto D. legend
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了主人公在人生困顿的时候，因为父亲对他说的一句话而坚持了下来，逐渐成功，并把这句话写进了歌里，激励了更多人。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那是20世纪70年代初，这位年轻的音乐家离开了他的家乡芝加哥，去洛杉矶寻找自己的大突破。A. share股份；B. break突破；C. sponsor赞助者；D. benefit利益。根据上文“It was the early 1970s and the young musician had left his hometown of Chicago to find his big”可知，乔纳森来洛杉矶是为了寻找到自己的突破。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他挣扎着求生，现在他的狗又被撞了。A. withdrawing取出；B. debating辩论；C. struggling挣扎，努力；D. competing竞争。根据后文“just to survive, and now his dog had been hit. He hated troubling his father but he didn't have the money to pay the vet”可知乔纳森处境艰难，在洛杉矶挣扎着求生。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：他讨厌麻烦他的父亲，但他没有钱支付兽医。A. so所以；B. and并且；C. or或者；D. but但是。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用but。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他打给芝加哥，“爸爸，我是不是应该放弃这个回家？”A. called打电话；B. visited参观；C. left离开；D. chose选择。乔纳森当时在洛杉矶，所以是打电话回家的。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他打给芝加哥，“爸爸，我是不是应该放弃这件事回家？”A. rely on依靠；B. give up放弃；C. get across理解；D. wrestle with全力对付。根据后文“this thing and come home”可知乔纳森想自己是不是应该放弃在洛杉矶发展，回家。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：乔纳森把父亲的话记在心里，把它们记在了他的歌曲创作笔记本上。A. words话语；B. slogans口号；C. warnings警告；D. commitments承诺。此处指乔纳森把上文父亲说的话“＂No. don't come home," his father replied. "Don't stop believe in.””记在心里。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有了爸爸寄来的钱，乔纳森才救回了他的狗。A. walk散步；B. train训练；C. raise抚养；D. save拯救。根据上文“With the money his dad sent, Jonathan was able to”可知有了钱，乔纳森才能救自己被车撞了的狗。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，他的运气开始改变，他成为了一个摇滚乐队的键盘手。A. luck运气；B. habit习惯；C. belief信念；D. concern关心。根据后文“began to change and he became keyboardist for a rock group”可知他后来成为了一个摇滚乐队的键盘手，说明运气改变了。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当主唱史蒂夫·佩里问他是否能帮他们新专辑的最后两首歌时，乔纳森翻了翻自己以前的笔记本。A. experiment实验；B. begin开始；C. comment评论；D. help帮助。根据后文“with two final songs for their new album”可知，这个歌手是来找乔纳森帮忙的，故选D。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当主唱史蒂夫·佩里问他是否能帮他们新专辑的最后两首歌时，乔纳森翻了翻自己以前的笔记本。A. diverse不同的；B. digital数字的；C. previous以前的；D. blank空白的。根据后文“Don’t stop believe in.”是从前父亲对他说的话，所以该处应该是他翻看了之前的笔记，故选C。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：“不要停止相信”这句话引起了注意。A. jumped out跳出，引起注意；B. shot up发芽；C. sprang up出现；D. died out灭绝。在翻看之前的笔记时，“Don’t stop believe in.”这句话引起了他的注意。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：用这句话为副歌，乔纳森和他的乐队成员创作了一首歌。A. named命名；B. updated更新；C. composed组成；D. advertised打广告。呼应上文“with two final songs for their new album”指乔纳森和他的乐队成员创作了一首歌。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这首歌在公告牌100首热门单曲排行榜上排名第九，一位父亲对他沮丧的儿子说的话激励了很多粉丝。A. promising有前途的；B. critical批判的；C. excellent极好的；D. depressed沮丧的。呼应第一段中“Jonathan Cain was upset.”指当时沮丧的乔纳森受到父亲的话的鼓励。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这首歌在公告牌100首热门单曲排行榜上排名第九，一位父亲对他沮丧的儿子说的话激励了很多粉丝。A. persuade说服；B. inspire鼓舞；C. amuse逗乐；D. reward奖励。父亲的这句话使主人公没有放弃、坚持下来，所以对于粉丝来说也应该是正向的影响，inspire符合语境。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“不要停止相信，坚持那种感觉”已经成为我们所有人的座右铭。A. lesson课程；B. remark评论；C. motto座右铭；D. legend传奇。这就话激励了无数粉丝，所以对所有人来说都是一句座右铭，故选C。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Recently, residents near the capital's Second Ring Road were surprised to discover that cycling lanes appeared to____36____(widen).A closer look revealed what had happened. Though traces of the ____37____(origin) white lines separating the lanes for cars and bicycles remain visible, new lines have been drawn to make the lanes for cars ____38____ (narrow) and the ones for bicycles wider.Jia Feng,a cycling enthusiast, says riding to work in Beijing is____39____ advantage as it allows him to get in his daily exercise,____40____(rid) him of the capital's crowded traffic jams.
Commuting(通勤） is becoming increasingly enjoyable as local____41____(authority)go to great lengths to advocate environmentally friendly travel ____42____(establish)green development.____43____ has become a key concern of China's central government. “We will accelerate efforts to set up a legal framework ____44____promotes a sound economic structure that enhances green and low-carbon development,”said President Xi Jinping in a report to the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in October 2017. He also____45____(speak) of measures to encourage environmental awareness in families, schools and communities and develop eco-friendly transportation services.
【答案】36. have been widened
37. original
38 narrower
39. an 40. ridding
41. authorities
42. to establish
43. It 44. which
45. spoke
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文，主要介绍了北京二环附近的车道改变。

【36题详解】
考查不定式的时态和语态。句意：最近，北京二环附近的居民惊讶地发现，自行车道似乎被拓宽了。设空处接在不定式to后，应用动词原形，根据时间状语recently，可知应用不定式的完成式，它和逻辑主要cycling lanes之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故应用不定式的完成式的被动语态，故填have been widened。

【37题详解】
考查形容词。句意：虽然原先分隔汽车和自行车车道的白线的痕迹仍然清晰可见，但新的线已经被绘制出来，使汽车车道更窄，自行车车道更宽。根据空后的white lines，可知，此处应用形容词作定语，orgin的形容词是orginal，故填orginal。

【38题详解】
考查比较级。句意：虽然原先分隔汽车和自行车车道的白线的痕迹仍然清晰可见，但新的线已经被绘制出来，使汽车车道更窄，自行车车道更宽。根据后文的the ones for bicycles wider，可知此处是指让汽车车道变窄，此处应用比较级形式，故填narrower。

【39题详解】
考查冠词。句意：骑自行车爱好者贾峰说，在北京骑车上班是一项优势，因为这样可以让他进行日常锻炼，摆脱首都拥挤的交通堵塞。根据后文的单数名词advantage，此处修饰可数名词单数，且表示泛指，应用不定冠词，advantage是元音音素开头的单词，应用an，故填an。

40题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：骑自行车爱好者贾峰说，在北京骑车上班是一项优势，因为这样可以让他进行日常锻炼，摆脱首都拥挤的交通堵塞。此处用现在分词作结果状语，表示主动，故填ridding。

【41题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：随着地方政府不遗余力地倡导环保出行，以建立绿色发展，通勤变得越来越愉快。这已成为中国中央政府的一个主要担忧。根据谓语动词go，此处动词用原形，所以主语是复数形式，故填authorities。

【42题详解】
考查不定式。句意：随着地方政府不遗余力地倡导环保出行，以建立绿色发展，通勤变得越来越愉快。这已成为中国中央政府一个主要担忧。根据句意，政府倡导环保出行，目的是为了建立绿色发展，此处表示目的，应用不定式，故填to establish。

【43题详解】
考查代词。句意：随着地方政府不遗余力地倡导环保出行，以建立绿色发展，通勤变得越来越愉快。这已成为中国中央政府的一个主要担忧。此处应用代词代指前文的commuting，故填It。

【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：加快建立健全促进绿色低碳发展的经济体制法律体系。本句是定语从句，先行词framework在从句中做主语，先行词是物，关系词应用which或that，故填which。

【45题详解】
考查过去式。句意：他还谈到了鼓励家庭、学校和社区的环保意识以及发展环保交通服务的措施。根据前文的时间in October 2017，此处是描述过去发生事情，应用一般过去时，故填spoke。

第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华。你校英文报刊登了一则招募校运动会志愿者的启事。请你写一封申请信，内容包括：
1.申请理由：
2.你的优势。
参考词汇：招募 recruit
注意：
1.词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Editor,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】范文
Dear Editor，
Learning that volunteers are being recruited for the school sports meeting, I'm writing to apply.
Although not engaged in any event, I consider it my duty to make contributions to its success. What distinguishes me from other applicants is my ability to cope with urgencies on different occasions. Besides, my previous experiences will help me communicate with others better and make proper and quick responses.
I would highly appreciate it if my application were approved. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给学校写一封申请信，申请成为校运动会志愿者。
【详解】1.词汇积累
招募：recruit→employ
认为：consider→regard
责任：duty→responsibility
处理：cope with→deal with
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Learning that volunteers are being recruited for the school sports meeting, I'm writing to apply.
拓展句：I'm writing to apply as soon as I learn that volunteers are being recruited for the school sports meeting,
【点睛】【高分句型1】What distinguishes me from other applicants is my ability to cope with urgencies on different occasions. （运用了what引导的主语从句）
【高分句型2】I would highly appreciate it if my application were approved.（运用了it作形式宾语，if引导的条件状语从句）
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was Saturday morning. Auggie Gottlieb came out of his house. He had been the leader of the neighborhood boys since the previous one retired at the age of twelve. He then went out to the middle of the street and whistled. Soon two boys came running to the corner. Now the gang was together-Auggie Gottlieb, the leader, Nickie, and Lionel.
When Nickie asked Auggie where to go, he suggested stealing some apricots(杏子)，if ripe, from the Hendersons. "It's wrong to steal," Lionel said. "Not apricots," Auggie shouted. Then the boys started off for Henderson's. Instead of going by way of streets and sidewalks, they crossed empty lots and climbed over fences. They wanted to get there the adventurous way.
From a distance of about one hundred yards, the boys stopped to admire the famous apricot tree-pretty and very big. It stood in the corner of lenderson's backyard.
At the same time, Mr. Henderson was watching their coming in the room with fascination and delight-always satisfying the boys by appearing at the last minute and scaring them. “Well, look at that!" he said to himself. "Here they come. Slowly, now. Hah-hah," he laughed.
He watched the boys as Auggie instructed, directed, and led the attack. The boys surrounded the tree cautiously. They hoped the apricots were ripe. But they were afraid, too. Afraid of Henderson, and guilt, and afraid the apricots weren't ripe yet.
"Are you going to climb the tree?" Nickie asked. "Who else?" Auggie pursed his lips, proposing to see if the apricots were ripe. Now, the gang was almost under the tree. "Already ripe yet," Nickie shouted! "Yes, I'll get it. Now, you two stand guard."
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
With that, Auggie dashed to the tree.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
“Auggie!” Nickie shouted, “Henderson!”
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】范文
With that, Auggie dashed to the tree. Immediately he swung up into it on one of its lower branches. He studied the branches of the old apricot tree, green with fine young leaves. The apricots were all very big, yellow, and obviously very ripe. While the gang watched with fascination, amazement, and admiration, Mr. Henderson stepped out of the house onto the back- porch steps with a hidden smile. He had been hiding outside someplace, waiting to take the boys by surprise.
“Auggie!”Nickie shouted,“Henderson!”Away he fled with Lionel. Auggie bounced around in the tree, hung from a branch, and then dropped to the ground.“Ouch! That hurts!” He cried with much pain. “Are you OK, boy?” Mr. Henderson patted him on the shoulder. “Sorry. We…, we won't do that again.”Auggie stumbled, lowering his head. “Satisfied!” Mr. Henderson laughed, “Next time you can visit me from the front door. And I have prepared some sweet apricots for those admitting mistakes.”
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Auggie Gottlieb，Nickie，and Lionel三个男孩策划着去Henderson的家偷树上的杏。来到树前Auggie Gottlieb准备上树偷杏，让其他两人站岗放哨。而这一切都被Henderson看到了。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“说着，Auggie冲向那棵树。”可知，第一段可描写树上成熟的杏，这三个男孩带着好奇、惊奇和钦佩的目光注视着的时候，Henderson已经准备好抓住他们了。
②由第二段首句内容“Auggie !” Nickie喊道:“Henderson!。”可知，第二段可描写Auggie从树上掉下来，承认了错误以及Henderson怎么对待他的。
2.续写线索：爬上树——Henderson准备好抓他们 ——Auggie承认错误——Henderson为承认错误的Auggie准备了一些甜杏。
3.词汇激活
行为类
①看：eye/watch
②看望，拜访：visit/pay a visit to
③逃跑：flee /escape
情绪类
①惊讶：amazement /astonishment
②满意的：content/satisfied
【点睛】[高分句型1]. While the gang watched with fascination, amazement, and admiration, Mr. Henderson stepped out of the house onto the back- porch steps with a hidden smile. （while引导的时间状语从句）
[高分句型2]. He had been hiding outside someplace, waiting to take the boys by surprise. （现在分词作状语）