【期中真题】北京市中国人民大学附属中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题.zip

2022北京人大附中高二（上）期中

英语

第一部分：知识应用（共四节，43分）

第一节（共10小题：每小题1. 5分，共15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

No one is born a winner. People make themselves into winners by their own ____1____.

I learned this lesson from an experience many years ago. I took the head coaching job at a school in Baxley Georgia. It was a small school with a weak football program.

It was a tradition for the school's old team to play against the ____2____ team at the end of spring practice. The old team had no coach, and they didn’t even practice to prepare for the game. Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we were going to win, but to my disappointment, we were defeated. I couldn’t believe I had got into such a situation. Thinking hard about it, I came to realize that my team might not be the number one team in Georgia, but they were ____3____ me. I had to change my ____4____ about their ability and potential.

I started doing anything I could to help them build a little ____5____. Most importantly, I began to treat them like ___6___. That summer, when the other teams enjoyed their vacations, we met every day and practiced passing and kicking the football.

Six months after suffering our defeat on the spring practice field, we won our first game and our second and continued to improve. Finally, we faced the number one team in the state. I felt that it would be a ____7____ for us even if we lost the game. But that wasn’t what happened. My boys beat the best team in Georgia, giving me one of the greatest ____8____ of my life!

From the experience, I learned a lot about how the attitude of the leader can affect the members of a team. Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed and ____9____ them. I helped them to see themselves ______10______, and they built themselves into winners.

Winners are made, not born.

1. A. luck B. efforts C. tests D. nature

2. A. excellent B. successful C. new D. strong

3. A. depending on B. looking for C. reacting to D. caring about

4. A. intention B. conclusion C. decision D. attitude

5. A. culture B. fortune C. relationship D. pride

6. A. winners B. leaders C. learners D. part

7. A. burden B. victory C. shame D. favor

8. A. offers B. concerns C. thrills D. chances

9. A. observed B. encouraged C. impressed D. protected

10. A. calmly B. honestly C. differently D. individually

第二节（共10小题：每小题1分，共10分）

在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域内作答。

11. ____________ (wait) for her for two hours in the park, I had to leave. (所给词的适当形式填空)

12. Students are ____________ (appreciate) of the help from these volunteer teachers. (所给词的适当形式填空)

13. He realizes that a huge amount of paper, printed only one-sided, is wasted, and therefore commits himself to ____________ (recyclable) it. (所给词的适当形式填空)

14. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communications, we had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot, ____________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. (用适当的词填空)

15. The cashless paying system ____________ (install) three years ago helps reduce students queueing time. (所给词的适当形式填空)

16. I heard a passenger behind me ____________ (shout) to the driver, and he refused to stop until we reached the next stop. (所给词的适当形式填空)

17. These are the papers to be reviewed, all of ____________ are intended for the coming exams. (用适当的词填空)

18. Zhongyuan Festival, or Ghost Festival, is not a sad day, but time to celebrate ____________reunion (重聚) of families.

19. Nowadays, many people are addicted ____________Tik Tok, which is not a very productive way of life. (用适当的词填空)

第三节（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）

请用方框中词组的适当形式填空，有一项为多余选项。每个词组只可以使用一次。

20. It ____________one simple fact: this society rewards efforts rather than results.

21. When he came back, I asked him how he ____________at the interview.

22. In the past, much of the crime in this area ____________drug abuse.

23. People commented that her clear and elegant style ____________from most other journalists.

24. Even today, it still ____________to start saving early for higher education.

25. Over the past two years, she ____________her studies with dedication.

26. It is no use getting ____________for it is only going to make things worse.

27. The negotiations are expected to ____________within sixty days.

28. She ____________them when they needed her proved her untrustworthy.

29. The next morning, he hired a boat and ____________to find the well-known painter.

第四节（共4小题：每小题2分，共8分）

使用所给提示，翻译下列句子。只需要将所填写内容，写在答题卡指定区域内。

30. 无论遇到什么困难，我们都能解决。（whatever）

We can solve ____________.

31. 没有你的帮助，所有的这一切都无法实现。（虚拟条件句）

All of this _________, without your help.

32. 我宁愿骑车上学，而不搭计程车。（would rather...than...）

I ________________.

33. 真正重要的不是发生了什么，而是你如何去应对所发生的事情。（not...but...）

It is ___________________ that truly matters

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，30分）

第一节（共10小题：每小题2分，共20分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Who is a Real Danger? Cyclists or Pedestrians?

We are having a debate about this topic. Here are some letters from our readers.

Yes, many cyclists behave dangerously. Many drivers are disrespectful of cyclists. But pedestrians are probably the worst offenders.

People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with eyes and hands glued to their mobile phones, quite unaware of what is going on around them. They may even do the same thing while crossing a road at a pedestrian crossing or elsewhere. The rest of us have to evade (避让) them or just stand still to wait for the unavoidable collision.

The real problem is that some pedestrians seem to be, at least for the moment, in worlds of their own that are, to them, much more important than the welfare of others.

—Michael Horan

I love the letter from Bob Brooks about cyclists (Viewpoints, May 29). I am afraid they seem to think they own the roads.

I was walking across Altrincham Road one morning when a cyclist went round me and, on being asked what he was doing, shouted at me.

The government built a cycle lane on the road, but it is hardly used.

The police do nothing. What a laugh they are!

The cyclists should all have to be made to use the cycle lanes and wear helmets, fluorescent (发荧光的) jackets and lights at night and in the morning. They should pay some sort of tax and be fined for not wearing them.

—Carol Harvey

Cyclists jump on and off pavements (which are meant for pedestrians), ride at speed along the pavements, and think they have a special right to go through traffic lights when they are on red.

I was almost knocked down recently by a cyclist riding on the pavement when there was a cycle lane right next to him.

Other road users, including horse riders, manage to obey the rules. So why not cyclists?

It’s about time they were registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle or cause an accident, at least they can be treated and there might be an opportunity to claim compensation.

—JML

Write to Viewpoints of the newspaper.

34. Michael Horan wrote the letter mainly to show that __________.

A. walking while using phones hurts one’s eyes

B. some pedestrians are a threat to road safety

C. road accidents can actually be avoided

D. drivers should be polite to cyclists

35. Carol Harvey suggests that cyclists should __________.

A be provided with enough roads B. be made to pay less tax for cycling

C. be asked to ride on their own lanes D. be fined for laughing at policemen

36. The three letters present viewpoints on __________.

A. ways to improve road safety B. the real source of road danger

C. measures to punish road offences D. increased awareness of road rules

B

The Lifecycle of a T-shirt

We all probably have a lot of T-shirts, but do you ever stop and think about the influence of a T-shirt on the planet? You'd probably be surprised to learn what's involved in the lifecycle of just one T-shirt.

There are 5 major stages：material, production, shipping, use and disposal (处理). The material stage involves farming, irrigating, fertilizing, harvesting and ginning. While cotton is a natural fiber (纤维) and not as harmful to the environment as man-made fibers, it still takes a toll in the material and production stages. Commercial cotton farming uses a large amount of water, and the use of pesticides (杀虫剂) is widespread across the globe, especially in cotton farming. Studies have shown that farmers spend around $4. 1 billion on pesticides annually, of which 25% was spent on cotton crops in the US.

Once the cotton is grown and harvested, so begins the production stage: spinning, knitting, bleaching, dyeing, cutting, sewing, etc. —these processes also use a great deal of water and energy. Commercial dyes and bleaches are harmful pollutants, and can eventually pollute groundwater.

After the T-shirt is produced, it enters the transportation stag. This often involves overseas shipping. Take a look in your closet. Chances are that most of your cotton garments (衣服) are made in China or India. Garments can be shipped via plane, ship or truck, all of which spill CO2 into the atmosphere. Calculations show that CO2 emissions from light trucks alone amount to 1. 15 pounds per mile.

Once T-shirt reaches the retail market, it is purchased. This stage may seem like the least environmentally damaging part. But consider the number of times you've washed and dried your favorite T-shirt. Washing machines are certainly becoming more efficient. However, the average American household does 400 loads of laundry per year, using about 40 gallons of water per load. Such excessive water use is combined with the large amount of energy used by dryers.

The final stage of life is disposal. This release harmful emissions, or involves a landfill where cotton takes years to break down. Current US records show that an estimated 15% of clothes and shoes are recycled, which means that consumers send a shocking 85% of these materials to landfills.

We all need new clothes every once in a while, but let's all try to keep in mind what goes into the production of clothing. It has a real impact on the planet.

There are a lot of things and you can do to help reduce your impact. Reuse and recycled clothes. If they're too worn out to wear, cut them up and use them as cleaning rags. Donate them to charity or another organization that recycles textiles. When possible, make an effort to buy organic cotton. Turn down the thermostat (恒温器) on your washer, and line dry your clothes when the weather will allow it.

37. The underlined phrase “takes a toll” probably means “___________”.

A. uses energy B. wastes water C. has a bad effect D. takes a lot of time

38. What can be inferred from this passage?

A. The use stage is the least environmentally harmful of the five stages.

B. Cotton clothes are buried because they are hard to break down.

C. The clothing cost is relatively low in China and India.

D The production process may affect water safety.

39. What is the purpose of this article?

A. To introduce the five stages in the lifecycle of clothing.

B. To persuade people to purchase more organic cotton.

C. To promote eco-friendly actions related to clothes.

D. To encourage people to donate clothes to charity.

C

Eudaimonia is an Ancient Greek word, particularly stressed by the philosophers Plato and Aristotle, which deserves far more attention than it has because it corrects the shortfalls (缺失）in one of the most central, but troubling words in our modem language: happiness.

When we nowadays try to clearly express the purpose of our lives，it is the word “happiness” that we commonly turn to. We tell ourselves and others that the most important principle for our jobs, our relationships and the conduct of our day-to-day lives is the pursuit of happiness. It sounds like an innocent enough idea, but too much reliance on the term means that we frequently unfairly tend to quit or, at least, heavily question a great many challenging but worthwhile situations. The Ancient Greeks did not believe that the purpose of life was to be happy; they proposed that it was to achieve Eudaimonia, a word which has been best translated as “fulfilment”.

What distinguishes happiness from fulfilment is pain. It is very possible to be fulfilled and—at the same time—under pressure, suffering physically or mentally, overburdened and, quite frequently, in an irritable (易怒的）mood. This is a slight psychological difference that is hard for the word “happiness” to capture, for it’s tricky to speak of being happy yet unhappy, or happy yet suffering. However, such a combination is readily accommodated within the respected and noble-sounding idea of Eudaimonia.

The word encourages us to trust that many of life’s most worthwhile projects will sometimes be in conflict with contentment, and yet will be worth pursuing. Properly exploring our professional talents, managing a household, keeping a relationship going, creating a new business venture or engaging in politics... none of these goals are likely to leave us cheerful and grinning on a daily basis. They will, in fact, involve us in all manner of challenges that will deeply exhaust and weaken us, provoke (激怒）and wound us. And yet we will perhaps, at the end of our lives, still feel that the tasks were worth undertaking. Through them, we’ll have achieved something deeper and more interesting than happiness.

With the word Eudaimonia in mind, we can stop imagining that we are aiming for a pain-free existence—and then blaming ourselves unfairly for being in a bad mood. We’ll know that we are trying to do something far more important than smile all the time: we're striving to do justice to our full human potential.

40. What do we know about “Eudaimonia” from the passage?

A. It was first created by two Greek philosophers.

B. It has received a lot of attention from the public.

C. It still has some shortfalls that need to be corrected.

D. It was regarded as the purpose of life in ancient Greece.

41. According to Paragraph 3, happiness      .

A. is the opposite of fulfillment

B. is free from physical or mental pain

C. stresses the psychological difference

D. serves as a respected and noble life goal

42. We can learn from the passage that     .

A. aiming for happiness may lead to wrong self-blaming

B. goals that wound and weaken us result in happiness

C. challenges leading to contentment are worth undertaking

D. feeling fulfilled means we should avoid tough situations

43 The passage encourages the readers to      .

A. find fulfillment with all efforts B. seek for a pain-free existence

C. keep optimistic whatever happens D. balance happiness and suffering

第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Failure is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has. There is nothing more tiring than not succeeding. _____44_____

In the former case, we keep putting off a task because it was either too boring or too difficult. And the longer we delay it, the more tired we feel. Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones. _____45_____

Years ago, I was asked to write 102 essays on the great ideas of some famous authors. Applying my own rule, I determined to write them alphabetically, never letting myself leave out a tough idea. And I always started the day's work with the difficult task of essay-writing. The experience proved that the rule works.

_____46_____ Though willing to get started, we cannot seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear so great that, however hard we work, we fail again and again. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can--then let the unconscious (无意识的) take over.

When planning Encyclopaedia Britannica, I had to create a table of contents based on the topics of its articles. ___47___but none of them worked. My fatigue became almost unbearable.

One day, mentally exhausted, I wrote down all the reasons why this problem could not be solved. I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself, not with me. Relieved, I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep.

An hour later, I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind._____48_____Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue. Success was now as exciting as failure had been depressing.

Human beings, I believe must try to succeed. Success, then, means never feeling tired.

A. Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle.

B. We do everything we can to get ourselves out of this gloomy situation.

C. We experience this tiredness in two ways: start-up fatigue and performance fatigue.

D. Nothing like this had ever been done before, and day after day I kept coming up with solutions.

E. The solution is obvious though-perhaps not easy to apply: always handle the most difficult job first.

F. What's more, making use of your unconsciousness wisely also proves effective in tackling difficult tasks.

G. In the weeks that followed, the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind proved correct at every step.

第三部分：书面表达（共三节，27分）

第一节（共4小题：第50、51小题各2分，第52小题3分，第53小题5分：共12分）

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。

Good Taste of Knowledge

The aim of education or culture is merely the development of good taste in knowledge and good form in conduct. The cultured man or the ideal educated man is not necessarily one who is well-read or learned, but one who likes and dislikes the right things. To know what to love and what to hate is to have taste in knowledge.

Nothing is more annoying than to meet a person at a party whose mind is crammed (填塞) full with historical dates and figures and who is extremely well-posted on current international affairs, but whose attitudes or points of view are all wrong. I have met such people. They do have great academic knowledge, but no good judgment or taste. Being knowledgeable is a mere matter of the cramming of facts or information while having good taste is a matter of artistic judgment. In speaking of a scholar, the Chinese generally distinguish between their scholarship (学术成就), conduct and taste..

An educated man, therefore, is one who has the right loves and hatreds. This we call taste, and with taste comes charm. Now, to have taste requires a capacity for thinking things through to the bottom, the independence of judgment, and the unwillingness to be affected by any form of power.

When a man is wrong, he is wrong, and there is no need for one to be impressed by a great name or by the number of books that he has read and we haven't.

Taste, then. is closely associated with courage. as the Chinese always associated dan (“胆”) with shi (“识”) And courage or independence of judgment, as we know, is such a rare virtue among humankind. We see this intellectual courage or independence during the childhood of all thinkers and writers who in later life amount to anything. Such a person refuses to be impressed by a philosophic vogue or a fashionable theory, even though it is backed by the greatest name. this is taste in knowledge.

No doubt such intellectual courage or independence of judgment requires a certain childish. nave confidence in oneself, but this self is the only thing that one can cling to. and the moment a student gives up-his right of personal judgment, he is m for accepting all the dishonest and insincere of life.

49. According to the author, what is the goal of education?

____________________________________________________________________________________________

50. Why is a well-read man not necessarily an educated one?

____________________________________________________________________________________________

51. Please decide which part is false in the following statement: Intellectual courage or independence of judgment builds confidence in oneself; then underline it and explain why Intellectual courage or independence of judgment builds confidence in oneself.

____________________________________________________________________________________________

52. Please name one person with the qualities of dan and shi in Chinese history and explain what about this person makes you think so. (In about 40 words)

____________________________________________________________________________________________

第二节

53. Recently there have been increasing reports on the fact that a lot of graduates with shiny educational backgrounds are applying for the grassroots (positions. And there is an English saying “a big fish in a small pond” to describe the phenomenon. What is your opinion on this? Please write a “for” and “against” essay on this topic (You should discuss both sides of the issue and then give your own opinion)。

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________