鲁教版八年级英语上册第八单元学案

                  Unit 8  I’ve had this bike for three years.

1. 记住重点单词、词组用法并能学以致用；          

2. 句型、语法分析，准确理解运用现在完成时。

词汇填空

1. The policemen went to the forest to____________ (搜寻) for the missing boy.
2. —Can I use your ___________ (彩色铅笔)? I left mine at home.

—OK. Here you are.

3. The bank is on the ______________ (对面的) side of my school.

4. She has a good ________________ (记忆力) and she can remember words quickly.

5. Why not _____________ (考虑) visiting Paris when you are free?

                                  现在完成时

1. 含有for, since 的现在完成时中表示持续性动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词（否定除外）

  I’ve bought the book for three years. (×)

I’ve _______ the book for three years.

  How long has your elder brother joined the army? (×)

  How long has your elder brother _________ in the army?

2. 现在完成时态中的延续性动词和非延续性动词

（1）非延续性动词：也被称之为终止性动词、瞬间性动词，表示不能延续的动作，动作发生后立即结束。如：

open________ die__________close_________begin________finish________come________

go__________move________borrow________lend_________buy_________等。  

 非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago, at 5 o’clock等

    He died 5 years ago.     He has died for 5 years.（×）

 非延续性动词用于以下句型：

    It has been three years since I bought the book.

    Three years has passed since I bought the book.

（2）延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，可以与表示时间段的状语连用

如：learn______work________stand________lie__________

    know________walk________keep_________wait_________

watch__________sing_________read________sleep________

live________stay_________等。

    He has been dead for 5 years.

3. 延续性动词和非延续性动词之间的转换：

（1）转换为相应的延续性动词，用于现在完成时态。

    borrow---keep           buy---have               catch a cold---have a cold  

put on---wear           get to know---know        get to sleep---sleep

（2）转换为“be+形容词、副词、介词、名词”

    begin/start---be on  go out---be out           die---be dead       open---be open

    leave---be away    finish---be over           fall ill---be ill      get up---be up

    become---be       make friends---be friends   close---be close    get married---be married

  【练习】

(1)  I borrowed the book 5 days ago. —I have _______ the book since 5 days ago.

(2)  I caught a cold 3 days ago. —I have ________ a cold for 3 days.

(3)  They got married 20 years ago. —They have _______ married for 20 years.

Section A

1. —How long have you had that bike over there?

—I’ve had it for three years.

【辨析】how long, how often, how soon, how far

 【练习】

  (1) ______ ______ is the ruler? 这把尺子有多长？

  (2) ______ ______ do you go swimming? 你多久去游泳一次？

  (3) ______ ______ will they come back? 他们多久以后回来？

  (4) ______ ______ is it from here to the park? 这儿离公园有多远？

2. Amy thinks it’s hard to sell her old things.

【解析】句型：It is +adj.+(for sb.)+to do sth.     对某人来说做某事是...的

【练习】  

(1)  学好英语很重要。（用上面的句型翻译）_______________________________________

(2)  It’s necessary for you to go there at once. _________________________________________

3. You can also give old things away to people in need.

【解析】give away ____________________  in need _____________________

【拓展】in trouble ____________________  in danger ____________________

4. Because I don’t read it anymore.

【辨析】not...anymore(any more)/ no more 与 not...any longer/ no longer

5. scarf

【解析】scarf  围巾  可数名词  复数形式 scarfs 或 scarves

【练习】There are many __________(scarf) in the shop.

6. The stories inside may be a bit old, but they’re still interesting.

【解析】a bit 有点儿，稍微  

a bit 修饰形容词或副词时，相当于a little , a little bit, kind of

【练习】I’m a bit tired.______________________________

7. There’s also a sweater and a dress.

【解析】dress 可数名词  连衣裙   复数形式_________

      dress 可作动词  给...穿衣；打扮    

dress sb./ oneself ____________________

      dress up ___________________________

be dressed in blue ___________________

      dress up as _________________________

      The young mother is dressing her son.___________________________________

8. One last thing is a bread maker.

【解析】maker  生产者；制造者    If it doesn’t work, send it back to the maker.

【拓展】在英语构词中，“动词+后缀-er/-or”变为名词，表示动作的执行者，如：

      teacher__________  reader__________  worker__________

singer___________  visitor__________  inventor_________

      在英语构词中，“动词/名词/形容词+后缀-ist”变为名词，表示“从事...的专家”

      artist__________  tourist__________  specialist____________

9. We have already _________ _________（清理，丢掉）a lot of things from our bedrooms.
10. We have decided to each sell five things that we no longer use.

【解析1】本句是一个含有定语从句的主从复合句，that we no longer use是定语从句，修饰先行词five things。

【解析2】each 代词（两个或两个以上的人或物中）各自；每个  

each of...   ...中的每一个

    My sister and I each have an English-Chinese dictionary.

    Each of us has a dictionary. （比较两个句子）

11. My daughter was more understanding, although she also felt sad to part with certain toys.

【解析】part with _________________（尤其指不舍得的东西）

        certain 形容词 ____________________ 

He decided to sell his certain books.

【拓展】certain 形容词， “确实的，无疑的”

        be certain to do sth.  _________________________

        be certain of/about sth.__________________________

        be certain of doing sth.__________________________

        be certain +从句     __________________________

        We are certain of success.________________________

        I’m not certain where he lives.____________________

12. As for me, I did not want to give up my football shirts, but, to be honest, I have not played for a while now.

【解析】as for ______________ 常位于句首，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语

      As for housework, I hardly ever do it.________________________________

      to be honest________________ 常单独使用，作插入语 = to tell the truth

      honest 形容词 __________________ 反义词___________________

Section B

1. Nowadays, millions of Chinese leave the countryside to search for work in the cities.

【解析】nowadays 副词_______________= at present

        search for ________________

He is searching for his sunglasses.

2. Among these is Zhong Wei, a 46-year-old husband and father.

【解析】among 介词 “在（其）中；...之一”，指三者或三者以上之间

46-year-old 是一个复合形容词，在句中作定语，有一下三个特点：

数词、名词、形容词之间要用连字符连接；

数词后的名词用单数形式；

只能做定语，不能做表语

【拓展】复合形容词：数词+连字符“-”+名词（单数）

        a two-month holiday=a two months’ holiday

3. Many people like Zhong Wei regard with great interest how their hometowns have changed.

【解析】regard  及物动词，意为“将...认为；把...视为”

        regard...as...  意为“将...视为；把...当做”   as 为介词，后接名词或代词

【练习】I regard you as my best friend._______________________________

4. According to Zhong Wei, however, some things will never change.

【解析】according to ___________________ 其中to为介词，后接名词、代词或从句。

      He divided them into three groups according to age.

      According to what he said, it was a good thing.

5. In my hometown, there was a big old tree opposite the school.

【解析】opposite 介词 意为“在...对面”= across from

【练习】They live opposite the bank._____________________________________

6. consider

【解析】consider 仔细考虑 = think about  后接名词、代词、动名词、宾语从句或“疑问词+不定式”

【练习】

 Please consider my suggestion.____________________________________________________

   I’m considering changing my job.__________________________________________________

   He has never considered how to solve the problem.____________________________________

【拓展】只能跟动名词作宾语的动词还有：

enjoy__________ miss______________ mind_______________

finish__________ consider__________  practice_____________

can’t help___________ have fun___________

feel like____________ give up____________

【助记】喜欢 错过 别 介意

        完成 愉快 勤 练习

        禁不住 考虑 想 放弃

7. Everyone is so friendly.

【解析】

friendly形容词，意为“__________” 其比较级和最高级是_________________________.

完形填空

There is good news for the children in the country-side. We may still remember the girl   1   big eyes. Her big eyes are  2   us her dream: I wish to  3  ! In China, there are still  4  girls and boys like her. They want to go to school, but their  5   are too poor. If the family has two or three children, it is harder to   6   the money for all the children. So the parents often ask   7  to stay at home, and boys to go to school.

Now they needn’t   8  the money. From 2006 on, children can go to school for free in some poor places. They don’t have to pay for books and other things. Some of them can even get money from the government to make their life   9 . Soon, all the children in the countryside can go to school for free. All families are very happy with the news. It is   10  great.

短文填空

Do you have any family members or friends who live 　 1 　 ? Now many people come to China to look for the roots of their families. They 　 2 　 come from the United States, Canada, England and Germany. Mrs. Sun is a Chinese woman, and she 　 3 　 abroad for fifty years. Her father is a Chinese farmer. He 　 4 　 when Mrs. Sun was only seven years old. She 　 5 　 by her uncle to America and has lived abroad ever since.

She is a famous singer now in America. Every time she 　 6 　 in public, thousands of her fans never miss the chance to see her. She is also a poet and a lot of people are deeply moved by her 　 7 　 . She often says she is in 　 8 　 of her ancestors ’ roots. She has never forgotten her 　 9 　 . She hopes that she will be able to go back to her hometown 　 10 　 , and she will go to her father's grave.

阅读理解

Have you ever walked into a room and felt relaxed? It could be because the walls were painted blue, a calm and peaceful color.
  Sometimes colors can affect our feelings and moods. Some colors can make us feel calm and peaceful. Blue is one of these. Wearing blue clothes or sleeping in a blue room is good for our mind and body, because this color makes a good feeling. Blue is also the color of sadness, so may say you’re feeling blue when you are feeling sad.
  White is another calm color. You should wear white clothes if you are feeling nervous. White is also the color of purity（纯洁）. Many women like to be in white on their wedding day. Green is the color of nature. It car give us more energy when we are feeling tired.
  Some colors can make you feel warm. These colors can give you a happy feeling. People who live in cold climates use warm colors in their homes like orange and yellow instead of white and blue.
  Orange shows joy. It can bring you success and cheer you up when you are feeling sad. Yellow is the color of the sun, so it can remind you of a warm, sunny day. Yellow is also the color of wisdom. Some people prefer this color when they study for exams. For example, they may use yellow school things. Red is one of the strong colors. Wearing red often makes us active.
  In short, we can try out different colors if We aren’t  feeling our best.
(  ) 1. According to the passage, which colors of the following can make you feel relaxed?
  A. Yellow    B. Orange    C. Red     D. White
(  ) 2. What’s the meaning of the sentence “She is blue today.”
  A. She is angry.   B. She is sad.   C. She is bored.   D. She is excited.
(  ) 3. Some students prefer yellow rulers or erasers when they study for exams because yellow is the color of_____________.

A. wisdom           B. purity           C. nature           D. peace
(  ) 4. According to the passage，which of the following is NOT true?
  A. People who live in cold climates had better paint the walls of their houses white.
  B. Many women like to be in white on their wedding day because it’s the color of purity.
  C. Sometimes colors can affect our feelings and moods.
  D. Wearing green can give us more energy when we are feeling tired.
(  ) 5. Is red a strong color or a peaceful color?
  A. Yes, it is.    B. No, it isn’t.    C. A peaceful color.    D. A strong color.

一、词汇填空

1. We haven’t had any trouble _______ _______（到目前为止）. Everything goes well.
2. I decided to _________ __________ （清理）all the old shoes that we never wore.
3. He was very sorry to _________ _________（与...分别）his favorite horses.
4. _________ _________ __________（依我看）, it’s best to make some cards for our teachers.
5. I just want to drive around the town and _________ _________（察看）the main buildings.
6. He sat in his y______ quietly and enjoyed the peace.
7. The Young Pioneers all wear red s_________.
8. —Can you give me some information about vacation trips?

   —Why not c________ going to Hainan Island?

9. A hundred years is a c_________.
10. Mr. Li is very kind to us and he r_________ us as his own children.

二、单项选择

(1) Lei Feng _______ for many years, but his spirit is still encouraging us.

A. died      B. has died     C. was dead    D. has been dead

(2) —_______ do I need to feed the pet dog? —Twice a day.

    A. How long   B. How much   C. How soon    D. How often

(3) —_______ have you had the camera? —For two years.

A. How long   B. How much   C. How soon   D. How often

(4) It’s necessary for us ______ to our parents when we have problems.

A. to talk     B. talking      C. talk

(5) Peter returned the wallet to the police. He was _____ honest boy.

A. a         B. an          C. the          D. /

(6) Last year, three hundred English teachers took part in the _______ English Training.

A. two-month   B. two-months   C. two months   D. two month

(7) —How’s it going?   —Pretty good. All my new classmates ________me.

A. are angry with   B. are friendly to   C. are hard on   D. are sorry for